854 lines
14 KiB
HTML
854 lines
14 KiB
HTML
<HTML
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><HEAD
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><TITLE
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>Mounting a Remote NetWare Volume</TITLE
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>Linux Network Administrators Guide</TH
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="left"
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><A
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HREF="x-087-2-ipx.router.html"
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>Prev</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="80%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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>Chapter 15. IPX and the NCP Filesystem</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="x-087-2-ipx.othertools.html"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECT1"
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><H1
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CLASS="SECT1"
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><A
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NAME="X-087-2-IPX.NCPFS.CLIENT"
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>15.6. Mounting a Remote NetWare Volume</A
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></H1
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><P
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>IPX is commonly used to mount NetWare volumes in the Linux
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filesystem. This allows file-based data sharing between other
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operating systems and Linux. Volker Lendecke developed the NCP client
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for Linux and a suite of associated tools that make data sharing
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possible.</P
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><P
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>In an NFS environment, we'd use the Linux <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>mount</B
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>
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command to mount the remote filesystem. Unfortunately, the NCP
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filesystem has unique requirements that make it impractical to build
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it into the normal <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>mount</B
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>. Linux has an
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<B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>ncpmount</B
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> command that we will use instead. The
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<B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>ncpmount</B
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> command is one of the tools in Volker's
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<TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>ncpfs</TT
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> package, which is available prepackaged in
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most modern distributions or in source form from <SPAN
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CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
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>ftp.gwdg.de</SPAN
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> in the
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<TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>/pub/linux/misc/ncpfs/</TT
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> directory. The version
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current at the time of writing is 2.2.0.</P
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><P
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>Before you can mount remote NetWare volumes, you must ensure your IPX network
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interface is configured correctly (as described earlier). Next, you must know
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your login details on the NetWare server you wish to mount; this includes
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the user ID and password. Lastly, you need to know which volume you wish
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to mount and what local directory you wish to mount it under.</P
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECT2"
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><H2
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CLASS="SECT2"
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><A
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NAME="AEN12036"
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>15.6.1. A Simple ncpmount Example</A
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></H2
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><P
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> A simple example of <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>ncpmount</B
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> usage looks like this:
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><PRE
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CLASS="SCREEN"
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># <TT
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CLASS="USERINPUT"
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><B
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>ncpmount -S ALES_F1 -U rick -P d00-b-gud /mnt/brewery</B
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></TT
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></PRE
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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This command mounts all volumes of the <TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>ALES_F1</TT
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>
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fileserver under the <TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>/mnt/brewery</TT
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> directory,
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using the NetWare login <TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>rick</TT
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> with the password
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<TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>d00-b-gud</TT
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>.</P
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><P
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>The <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>ncpmount</B
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> command is normally setuid to
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<SPAN
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CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
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>root</SPAN
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> and may therefore be used
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by any Linux user. By default, that user owns the connection and
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only he or the <SPAN
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CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
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>root</SPAN
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> user will
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be able to unmount it.</P
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><P
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>NetWare embodies the notion of a <I
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CLASS="EMPHASIS"
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>volume</I
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>, which is
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analogous to a filesystem in Linux. A NetWare volume is the logical
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representation of a NetWare filesystem, which might be a single disk
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partition be spread across many partitions. By default, the
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Linux NCPFS support treats volumes as subdirectories of a larger
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logical filesystem represented by the whole fileserver. The
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<B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>ncpmount</B
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> command causes each of the NetWare
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volumes of the mounted fileserver to appear as a subdirectory under
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the mount point. This is convenient if you want access to the whole
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server, but for complex technical reasons you will be unable to
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re-export these directories using NFS, should you wish to do so. We'll
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discuss a more complex alternative that works around this problem in a
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moment.</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECT2"
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><H2
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CLASS="SECT2"
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><A
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NAME="AEN12056"
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>15.6.2. The ncpmount Command in Detail</A
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></H2
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><P
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> The <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>ncpmount</B
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> has a large number of command line options
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that allow you quite a lot of flexibility in how you manage your NCP mounts.
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The most important of these are described in
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<A
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HREF="x-087-2-ipx.ncpfs.client.html#X-087-2-IPX.NCPMOUNT.ARGS"
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>Table 15-2</A
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>.</P
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><DIV
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CLASS="TABLE"
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><A
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NAME="X-087-2-IPX.NCPMOUNT.ARGS"
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></A
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><P
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><B
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>Table 15-2. ncpmount Command Arguments</B
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></P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="1"
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CLASS="CALSTABLE"
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><THEAD
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><TR
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><TH
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WIDTH="1"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>Argument</TH
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><TH
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WIDTH="3"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>Description</TH
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></TR
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></THEAD
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><TBODY
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="1"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><P
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>–S <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>server</I
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></TT
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></P
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="3"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><P
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>The name of the fileserver to mount.</P
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="1"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><P
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>–U <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>user_name</I
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></TT
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></P
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="3"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><P
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>The NetWare user ID to use when logging in to the fileserver.</P
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="1"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><P
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>–P <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>password</I
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></TT
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></P
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="3"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><P
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>The password to use for the NetWare login.</P
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="1"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>–n</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="3"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><P
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>This option must be used for NetWare logins that don't have a password
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associated with them.</P
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="1"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>–C</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="3"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><P
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>This argument disables automatic conversion of passwords to uppercase.</P
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="1"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>–c <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>client_name</I
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></TT
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="3"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><P
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>This option allows you to specify who owns the connection to the
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fileserver. This is useful for NetWare printing, which we will discuss in
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more detail later.</P
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="1"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>–u <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>uid</I
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></TT
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="3"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><P
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>The Linux user ID that should be shown as the owner of files in the
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mounted directory. If this is not specified, it defaults to the
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user ID of the user who invokes the <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>ncpmount</B
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>
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command.</P
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="1"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>–g <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>gid</I
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></TT
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="3"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><P
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>The Linux group ID that should be shown as the owner of files in the
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mounted directory. If this is not specified, it will default to the
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group ID of the user who invokes the <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>ncpmount</B
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>
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command.</P
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="1"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>–f <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>file_mode</I
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></TT
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="3"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><P
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>This option allows you to specify the file mode (permissions) that
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files in the mounted directory should have. The value should be
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specified in octal, e.g., <TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>0664</TT
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>. The permissions
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that you will actually have are the file mode permissions
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specified with this option masked with the permissions that your
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NetWare login ID has for the files on the fileserver. You must have
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rights on the server and rights specified by this option in order to
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access a file. The default value is derived from the current
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<TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>umask</TT
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>.</P
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="1"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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>–d <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>dir_mode</I
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></TT
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="3"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><P
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>This option allows you to specify the directory permissions in the
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mounted directory. It behaves in the same way as the
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<I
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CLASS="EMPHASIS"
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>–f</I
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> option, except that the default permissions are
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derived from the current <TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>umask</TT
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>. Execute permissions
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are granted where read access is granted.</P
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="1"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
|
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>–V <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>volume</I
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></TT
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="3"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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VALIGN="TOP"
|
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><P
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>This option allows you to specify the name of a single NetWare
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volume to mount under the mount point, rather than mounting all volumes of
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the target server. This option is necessary if you wish to re-export a
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mounted NetWare volume using NFS.</P
|
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></TD
|
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></TR
|
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><TR
|
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><TD
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WIDTH="1"
|
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ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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VALIGN="TOP"
|
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>–t <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
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><I
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>time_out</I
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></TT
|
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="3"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><P
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>This option allows you to specify the time that the NCPFS client will wait
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for a response from a server. The default value is 60mS and the timeout is
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specified in hundredths of a second. If you experience any stability problems
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with NCP mounts, you should try increasing this value.</P
|
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></TD
|
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></TR
|
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="1"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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VALIGN="TOP"
|
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>–r <TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>retry_count</I
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></TT
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="3"
|
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ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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VALIGN="TOP"
|
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><P
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>The NCP client code attempts to resend datagrams to the server
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a number of times before deciding the connection is dead. This option allows
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you to change the retry count from the default of 5.</P
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></TD
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></TR
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></TBODY
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></TABLE
|
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></DIV
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></DIV
|
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECT2"
|
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><H2
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CLASS="SECT2"
|
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><A
|
|
NAME="AEN12146"
|
|
>15.6.3. Hiding Your NetWare Login Password</A
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></H2
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><P
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> It is somewhat of a security risk to be putting a password on the
|
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command line, as we did with the <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
|
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>ncpmount</B
|
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> command.
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Other active, concurrent users could see the password if they happen
|
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to be running a program like <B
|
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CLASS="COMMAND"
|
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>top</B
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> or
|
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<B
|
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CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|
>ps</B
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>. To reduce the risk of others seeing and
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stealing NetWare login passwords, <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
|
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>ncpmount</B
|
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> is able
|
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to read certain details from a file in a user's home directory. In
|
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this file, the user keeps the login name and password associated with
|
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each of the fileservers he or she intends to mount. The file is called
|
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<TT
|
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CLASS="FILENAME"
|
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>~/.nwclient</TT
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> and it must have permissions of
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<TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>0600</TT
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> to ensure that others cannot read it. If the
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permissions are not correct, the <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>ncpmount</B
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> command
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will refuse to use it.</P
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><P
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>The file has a very simple syntax. Any lines beginning with a #
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character are treated as comments and ignored.
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The remainder of the lines have the syntax:
|
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|
|
<TABLE
|
|
BORDER="0"
|
|
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
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><TR
|
|
><TD
|
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><PRE
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CLASS="SCREEN"
|
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><TT
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CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
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><I
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>fileserver</I
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|
></TT
|
|
>/<TT
|
|
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|
><I
|
|
>userid</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
> <TT
|
|
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|
><I
|
|
>password</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
></PRE
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
The <TT
|
|
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|
><I
|
|
>fileserver</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
> is the name of the
|
|
fileserver supporting the volumes you wish to mount. The
|
|
<TT
|
|
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|
><I
|
|
>userid</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
> is the login name of your account on
|
|
that server. The <TT
|
|
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|
><I
|
|
>password</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
> field is
|
|
optional. If it is not supplied, the <B
|
|
CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|
>ncpmount</B
|
|
>
|
|
command prompts users for the password when they attempt the
|
|
mount. If the <TT
|
|
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
|
|
><I
|
|
>password</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
> field is specified
|
|
as the – character, no password is used; this is equivalent
|
|
to the <TT
|
|
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|
>–n</TT
|
|
> command-line argument.</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>You can supply any number of entries, but the fileserver field must be
|
|
unique. The first fileserver entry has special significance. The
|
|
<B
|
|
CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|
>ncpmount</B
|
|
> command uses the <TT
|
|
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|
>–S</TT
|
|
>
|
|
command-line argument to determine which of the entries in
|
|
<TT
|
|
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|
>~/.nwclient</TT
|
|
> to use. If no server is specified
|
|
using the <TT
|
|
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|
>–S</TT
|
|
> argument, the first server entry
|
|
in <TT
|
|
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|
>~/.nwclient</TT
|
|
> is assumed, and is treated as your
|
|
preferred server. You should place the fileserver you mount most
|
|
frequently in the first position in the file.</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="SECT2"
|
|
><H2
|
|
CLASS="SECT2"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="AEN12176"
|
|
>15.6.4. A More Complex ncpmount Example</A
|
|
></H2
|
|
><P
|
|
>
|
|
Let's look at a more complex <B
|
|
CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|
>ncpmount</B
|
|
> example involving
|
|
a number of the features we've described. First, let's build a simple
|
|
<TT
|
|
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|
>~/.nwclient</TT
|
|
> file:
|
|
|
|
<TABLE
|
|
BORDER="0"
|
|
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
><PRE
|
|
CLASS="SCREEN"
|
|
># NetWare login details for the Virtual Brewery and Winery
|
|
#
|
|
# Brewery Login
|
|
ALES_F1/MATT staoic1
|
|
#
|
|
# Winery Login
|
|
REDS01/MATT staoic1
|
|
#</PRE
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
>
|
|
Make sure its permissions are correct:
|
|
|
|
<TABLE
|
|
BORDER="0"
|
|
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
><PRE
|
|
CLASS="SCREEN"
|
|
>$ <TT
|
|
CLASS="USERINPUT"
|
|
><B
|
|
>chmod 600 ~/.nwclient</B
|
|
></TT
|
|
></PRE
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
> </P
|
|
><P
|
|
>Let's mount one volume of the Winery's server under a subdirectory of a
|
|
shared directory, specifying the file and directory permissions such that
|
|
others may share the data from there:
|
|
|
|
<TABLE
|
|
BORDER="0"
|
|
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
><PRE
|
|
CLASS="SCREEN"
|
|
>$ ncpmount -S REDS01 -V RESEARCH -f 0664 -d 0775 /usr/share/winery/data/</PRE
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
This command, in combination with the <TT
|
|
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|
>~/.nwclient</TT
|
|
> file
|
|
shown, would mount the <TT
|
|
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|
>RESEARCH</TT
|
|
> volume of the
|
|
<TT
|
|
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|
>REDS01</TT
|
|
> server onto the
|
|
<TT
|
|
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|
>/usr/share/winery/data/</TT
|
|
> directory using the NetWare
|
|
login ID of <TT
|
|
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|
>MATT</TT
|
|
> and the password retrieved
|
|
from the <TT
|
|
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
|
>~/.nwclient</TT
|
|
> file. The permissions of the
|
|
mounted files are <TT
|
|
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|
>0664</TT
|
|
> and the directory permissions
|
|
are <TT
|
|
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|
>0775</TT
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
|
><HR
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
BORDER="0"
|
|
CELLPADDING="0"
|
|
CELLSPACING="0"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="left"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="x-087-2-ipx.router.html"
|
|
>Prev</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="34%"
|
|
ALIGN="center"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="index.html"
|
|
>Home</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="right"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="x-087-2-ipx.othertools.html"
|
|
>Next</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="left"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
>Configuring an IPX Router</TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="34%"
|
|
ALIGN="center"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="x-087-2-ipx.html"
|
|
>Up</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="right"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
>Exploring Some of the Other IPX Tools</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
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></DIV
|
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></BODY
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></HTML
|
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> |