225 lines
4.8 KiB
HTML
225 lines
4.8 KiB
HTML
<HTML
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><HEAD
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><TITLE
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>History</TITLE
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><META
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NAME="GENERATOR"
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CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.57"><LINK
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REL="HOME"
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TITLE="Linux Network Administrators Guide"
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HREF="index.html"><LINK
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REL="UP"
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TITLE="Introduction to Networking"
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HREF="x-087-2-intro.html"><LINK
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REL="PREVIOUS"
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TITLE="Introduction to Networking"
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HREF="x-087-2-intro.html"><LINK
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REL="NEXT"
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TITLE="TCP/IP Networks"
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HREF="x-087-2-intro.tcpip.html"></HEAD
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><BODY
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CLASS="SECT1"
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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TEXT="#000000"
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LINK="#0000FF"
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VLINK="#840084"
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ALINK="#0000FF"
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><DIV
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CLASS="NAVHEADER"
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><TABLE
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WIDTH="100%"
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BORDER="0"
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CELLPADDING="0"
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CELLSPACING="0"
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><TR
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><TH
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COLSPAN="3"
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ALIGN="center"
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>Linux Network Administrators Guide</TH
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="x-087-2-intro.html"
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>Prev</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="80%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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>Chapter 1. Introduction to Networking</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="x-087-2-intro.tcpip.html"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECT1"
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><H1
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CLASS="SECT1"
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><A
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NAME="X-087-2-INTRO.HISTORY"
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>1.1. History</A
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></H1
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><P
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> The idea of networking is probably as old
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as telecommunications itself. Consider people living in the Stone
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Age, when drums may have been used to transmit messages between
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individuals. Suppose caveman A wants to invite caveman B over for a
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game of hurling rocks at each other, but they live too far apart for B
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to hear A banging his drum. What are A's options? He could 1) walk
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over to B's place, 2) get a bigger drum, or 3) ask C, who lives
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halfway between them, to forward the message. The last option is
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called <I
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CLASS="EMPHASIS"
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>networking</I
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>.</P
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><P
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>Of course, we have come a long way from the primitive pursuits and devices of
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our forebears. Nowadays, we have computers talk to each other over vast
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assemblages of wires, fiber optics, microwaves, and the like, to make an
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appointment for Saturday's soccer match.<A
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NAME="X-087-2-FNIT01"
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HREF="#FTN.X-087-2-FNIT01"
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>[1]</A
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>
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In the following description, we will deal with the means and ways by which
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this is accomplished, but leave out the wires, as well as the soccer part.</P
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><P
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>We will describe three types of networks in this guide. We will focus on
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TCP/IP most heavily because it is the most popular protocol suite in use on
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both Local Area Networks (LANs) and Wide Area Networks (WANs), such as the
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Internet. We will also take a look at UUCP and IPX. UUCP was once commonly
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used to transport news and mail messages over dialup telephone connections.
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It is less common today, but is still useful in a variety of situations. The
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IPX protocol is used most commonly in the Novell NetWare environment and we'll
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describe how to use it to connect your Linux machine into a Novell network.
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Each of these protocols are networking protocols and are used to carry data
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between host computers. We'll discuss how they are used and introduce you to
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their underlying principles.</P
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><P
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> We define a network as
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a collection of <I
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CLASS="EMPHASIS"
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>hosts</I
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> that are able to
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communicate with each other, often by relying on the services of a
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number of dedicated hosts that relay data between the
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participants. Hosts are often computers, but need not be; one can also
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think of X terminals or intelligent printers as hosts. Small
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agglomerations of hosts are also called <I
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CLASS="EMPHASIS"
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>sites</I
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>.</P
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><P
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> Communication is
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impossible without some sort of language or code. In computer
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networks, these languages are collectively referred to as
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<I
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CLASS="EMPHASIS"
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>protocols</I
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>. However, you shouldn't think of
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written protocols here, but rather of the highly formalized code of
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behavior observed when heads of state meet, for instance. In a very
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similar fashion, the protocols used in computer networks are nothing
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but very strict rules for the exchange of messages between two or more
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hosts.</P
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></DIV
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><H3
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CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
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>Notes</H3
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><TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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WIDTH="5%"
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><A
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NAME="FTN.X-087-2-FNIT01"
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HREF="x-087-2-intro.history.html#X-087-2-FNIT01"
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>[1]</A
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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WIDTH="95%"
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><P
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>The original spirit of which (see above) still shows on some occasions in
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Europe.</P
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><DIV
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CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
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WIDTH="100%"
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BORDER="0"
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CELLPADDING="0"
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CELLSPACING="0"
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="x-087-2-intro.html"
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>Prev</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="34%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="index.html"
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>Home</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="x-087-2-intro.tcpip.html"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="top"
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>Introduction to Networking</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="34%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="x-087-2-intro.html"
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>Up</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="top"
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>TCP/IP Networks</TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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></DIV
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></BODY
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></HTML
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> |