3933 lines
27 KiB
HTML
3933 lines
27 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
|
|
<!--Converted with LaTeX2HTML 96.1-c (Feb 29, 1996) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds -->
|
|
<HTML>
|
|
<HEAD>
|
|
<TITLE>Footnotes</TITLE>
|
|
</HEAD>
|
|
<BODY LANG="EN">
|
|
<DL> <DT><A NAME="157">...distributed.</A><DD>
|
|
The copyright notice is reproduced on the page immediately following
|
|
the title page.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="245">...herself?</A><DD>
|
|
Note that while you are allowed to print out the online version, you
|
|
may <em>not</em> run the O'Reilly book through a photocopier, and much
|
|
less sell any of those (hypothetical) copies.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="246">...Dawson</A><DD>
|
|
Terry Dawson can be reached at terryd@extro.ucc.su.oz.au.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="247">...fun</A><DD>
|
|
Don't you think we could do it with sed, Vince?
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="255">...match.</A><DD>
|
|
The original spirit of which (see above) still shows on some
|
|
occasions in Europe.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="268">...bugfixes.</A><DD>
|
|
Not that the times had changed that much...
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="416">...swim:</A><DD>
|
|
When using bash, the GNU Bourne Again Shell, you might have to
|
|
escape the exclamation mark, because it uses it as its history
|
|
character.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="523">...links.</A><DD>
|
|
SLIP is described in RFC-1055. The header compression CSLIP is based
|
|
in is described in RFC-1144.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="744">...Tridgell.</A><DD>
|
|
NetBIOS is the protocol on which applications like lanmanager
|
|
and Windows for Workgroups are based.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="747">...directory?</A><DD>
|
|
We will come back to this in chapter-<A HREF="node124.html#appl"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="gif" SRC="cross_ref_motif.gif"></A>.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="748">...alike.</A><DD>
|
|
There have been commercial you have to pay lots of money for
|
|
that came with a setuid-root shell script which allowed users to
|
|
gain root privilege using a simple standard trick.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="749">...consequences.</A><DD>
|
|
In 1988, the RTM worm brought much of the Internet to a grinding halt,
|
|
partly by exploiting a gaping hole in some sendmail programs.
|
|
This hole has long been fixed since.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="684">...tripwire</A><DD>
|
|
Written by Gene Kim and Gene Spafford.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="891">...NIC.</A><DD>
|
|
Frequently, IP-addresses will be assigned to you by the provider you
|
|
buy your IP-connectivity from. However, you may also apply to
|
|
NIC directly for an IP address for your network by sending a mail to
|
|
hostmaster@internic.net.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="877">...versa.</A><DD>
|
|
Autonomous systems are slightly more general, however. They may comprise
|
|
more than one IP-network.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="1305">...daemon.</A><DD>
|
|
routed is considered broken by many people. Since gated
|
|
supports RIP as well, it is better to use that instead.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="1590">...directly.</A><DD>
|
|
If it didn't, then DNS would be about as bad as any other method,
|
|
because each query would involve the root name servers.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="1748">...domain.</A><DD>
|
|
Well, almost. A name server at least has to provide name service
|
|
for localhost and reverse lookups of 127.0.0.1.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="1905">...IRQ.</A><DD>
|
|
IRQs 2 and 9 are the same because the PC has two cascaded interrupt
|
|
processors with eight IRQs each; the secondary processor is connected
|
|
to IRQ-2 of the primary one.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="1973">...links.</A><DD>
|
|
This is to avoid fragmentation by links that have a very small
|
|
maximum packet size.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="2215">...Gortmaker.</A><DD>
|
|
Paul can be reached at gpg109@rsphysse.anu.edu.au.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="2220">...telnet.</A><DD>
|
|
NCSA telnet is a popular program for DOS that runs TCP/IP
|
|
over Ethernet or PLIP, and supports telnet and FTP.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="2395">...Hankins,</A><DD>
|
|
To be reached at gregh@cc.gatech.edu.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="2360">...NSC-16550A</A><DD>
|
|
There was also a NSC-16550, but it's FIFO never really worked.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="2589">...each.</A><DD>
|
|
The last number on each subnet is reserved as the broadcast address,
|
|
so it's in fact 63 hosts per subnet.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="3165">...used.</A><DD>
|
|
You will need the address of any NIS servers only if you use Peter
|
|
Eriksson's NYS. Other NIS implementations locate their servers at
|
|
run-time only by using ypbind.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="3166">...this:</A><DD>
|
|
Note that names in networks must not collide with hostnames
|
|
from the hosts file, else some programs may produce strange
|
|
results.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="2695">...device</A><DD>
|
|
Anyone remember Pink Floyd's ``Echoes''?
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="3175">...operation.</A><DD>
|
|
For instance, all applications based on RPC use the loopback interface
|
|
to register themselves with the portmapper daemon at startup.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="3180">...commands:</A><DD>
|
|
Note that pointopoint is not a typo. It's really
|
|
spelt like this.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="2854">...191.72.1.1.</A><DD>
|
|
Just as a matter of caution, you should however configure a PLIP or
|
|
SLIP link only after you have completely set up the routing table
|
|
entries for your Ethernets. With some older kernels, your network
|
|
route might otherwise end up pointing at the point-to-point link.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="3193">...vbardolino.</A><DD>
|
|
You can tell whether a connection is outgoing or not from the port
|
|
numbers involved. The port number shown for the <em>calling</em> host
|
|
will always be a simple integer, while on the host being called, a
|
|
well-known service port will be in use, for which netstat uses
|
|
the symbolic name found in /etc/services.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="3689">...queries.</A><DD>
|
|
There are various named binaries floating around FTP
|
|
sites, each configured a little differently. Some have their pid file
|
|
in /etc, some store it in /tmp or /var/tmp.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="3691">...HREF="node87.html#resolvfignamedboot"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="gif" SRC="cross_ref_motif.gif"></A>.</A><DD>
|
|
Note that the domain names in this example are given <em>without</em>
|
|
trailing dot. Earlier versions of named seem to treat trailing
|
|
dots in named.boot as an error, and silently discards the
|
|
line. BIND-4.9.3 is said to fix this.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="3697">...chapter.</A><DD>
|
|
Note that you can't query your name server for the root servers if
|
|
you don't have any root server hints installed: Catch-22! To escape
|
|
this dilemma, you can either make nslookup use a different name
|
|
server, or you can use the sample file in
|
|
figure-<A HREF="node89.html#resolvfignamedcache"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="gif" SRC="cross_ref_motif.gif"></A> as a starting point, and then
|
|
obtain the full list of valid servers.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="3743">...IP-packets.</A><DD>
|
|
Van Jacobson header compression is described in RFC-1441.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="4006">...for.</A><DD>
|
|
dip means <em>Dialup IP</em>. It was written by Fred van-Kempen.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="4007">...root.</A><DD>
|
|
diplogin can (and must) be run setuid, too. See the section
|
|
at the end of this chapter.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="4009">.../etc/dip.pid:</A><DD>
|
|
See the newsgroup alt.tla for more palindromic fun with
|
|
three-letter acronyms.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="4068">...RFCs.</A><DD>
|
|
The relevant RFCs are listed in the Annoted Bibiliography at the end
|
|
of this book.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="4071">...HDLC,</A><DD>
|
|
In fact, HDLC is a much more general protocol devised by the
|
|
International Standards Organization (ISO).
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="4539">...Longyear.</A><DD>
|
|
Both authors have said they will be very busy for some time to come.
|
|
If you have any questions on PPP in general, you'd best ask the people
|
|
on the NET channel of the activists mailing list.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="4540">...Fox.</A><DD>
|
|
karl@morningstar.com.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="4149">...option.</A><DD>
|
|
The default network route is only installed if none is present yet.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="4546">...facility.</A><DD>
|
|
If you edit syslog.conf to redirect these log messages to
|
|
a file, make sure this file isn't world readable, as chat
|
|
also logs the entire chat script by default-- including passwords
|
|
and all.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="4282">...hostnames.</A><DD>
|
|
Using hostnames in this option has consequences on CHAP
|
|
authentication. Please refer to the section on CHAP below.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="4549">...established.</A><DD>
|
|
You can allow the peer PPP to override your ideas of IP addresses by
|
|
giving pppd the ipcp-accept-local and
|
|
ipcp-accept-remote options. Please refer to the manual page
|
|
for details.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="4424">...vlager:</A><DD>
|
|
The double quotes are not part of the password, they merely serve to
|
|
protect the white space within the password.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="4434">...c3po.lucas.com,</A><DD>
|
|
This hostname is taken from the CHAP challenge.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="4869">...tcpd,</A><DD>
|
|
Written by Wietse Venema, wietse@wzv.win.tue.nl.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="4871">...dot.</A><DD>
|
|
Usually only local host names obtained from lookups in /etc/hosts
|
|
contain no dots.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="4806">...ignored.</A><DD>
|
|
In an NFS environment, you may need to give it a protection of 444,
|
|
because the super user is often very restricted in accessing files on
|
|
disks mounted via NFS.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="4898">...hosts.equiv</A><DD>
|
|
Note that the hosts.equiv file is <em>not</em>
|
|
searched when someone attempts to log in as root.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="5317">...Thümmler.</A><DD>
|
|
To be reached at swen@uni-paderborn.de. The NIS clients are
|
|
available as <TT>yp-linux.tar.gz</TT> from sunsite.unc.edu in
|
|
system/Network.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="5318">...yps.</A><DD>
|
|
The current version (as of this writing) is <TT>yps-0.21</TT> and can
|
|
be obtained from ftp.lysator.liu.se in the /pub/NYS
|
|
directory.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="5320">...Eriksson,</A><DD>
|
|
To be reached at pen@lysator.liu.se.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="5321">...files.</A><DD>
|
|
DBM is a simple database management library that uses hashing
|
|
techniques to speed up search operations. There's a free DBM
|
|
implementation from the GNU project called gdbm, which is
|
|
part of most distributions.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="5348">...problem.</A><DD>
|
|
The source for yp-linux can be gotten from
|
|
ftp.uni-paderborn.de in directory /pub/Linux/LOCAL.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="5585">...Sladkey,</A><DD>
|
|
Rick can be reached at jrs@world.std.com.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="5586">...vale:</A><DD>
|
|
Note that you can omit the -t nfs argument, because
|
|
mount sees from the colon that this specifies an NFS
|
|
volume.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="5405">...someday.</A><DD>
|
|
The problem with write-behind is that the kernel buffer cache is indexed
|
|
by device/inode pairs, and therefore can't be used for NFS-mounted
|
|
file systems.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="5410">...circumstances.</A><DD>
|
|
As explained to me by Alan Cox:
|
|
The NFS specification requires the server to flush each write to disk
|
|
before it returns an acknowledgement. As BSD kernels are only capable
|
|
of page-sized writes (4K), writing a 4 chunks of 1K each to a BSD-based
|
|
NFS server results in 4 write operations of 4K each.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="5430">...volumes</A><DD>
|
|
One doesn't say file system, because these are not proper file systems.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="5622">...UUCP-1.04,</A><DD>
|
|
Written and copyrighted by Ian Taylor, 1993.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="5806">...600.</A><DD>
|
|
Note that although most UUCP commands must be setuid to uucp,
|
|
you must make sure the uuchk program is <em>not</em>. Otherwise,
|
|
users will be able to display passwords even though they have mode
|
|
600.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="6604">...machine.</A><DD>
|
|
If you're just going to try out UUCP, get the number of an archive
|
|
site near you. Write down the login and password-- they're public to
|
|
make anonymous downloads possible. In most cases, they're something
|
|
like uucp/uucp or nuucp/uucp.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="5965">...standards.</A><DD>
|
|
The only limitation is that it shouldn't be longer than 7-characters,
|
|
so as to not confuse hosts with filesystems that impose a narrow limit
|
|
on file names.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="5970">...name.</A><DD>
|
|
The UUCP Mapping Project registers all UUCP hostnames world-wide and
|
|
makes sure they are unique. To register your UUCP name, ask the
|
|
maintainers of the site that handles your mail; they will be able to
|
|
help you with it.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="6011">...on.</A><DD>
|
|
Older Version 2 UUCP's don't broadcast their name when being called;
|
|
however, newer implementations often do, and so does Taylor UUCP.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="6030">...set.</A><DD>
|
|
The Baud rate of the tty must be at least as high as the maximum
|
|
transfer speed.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="6127">...request.</A><DD>
|
|
If the remote system runs Taylor UUCP, it will obey.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="6612">.../dev/cua1.</A><DD>
|
|
Some people use the ttyS* devices instead, which are intended
|
|
for dial-in only.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="6197">...mode.</A><DD>
|
|
You can also configure some modems to reset themselves when
|
|
detecting a transition on DTR. Some of them, however, don't
|
|
seem to like this, and occasionally get hung.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="6617">...rnews:</A><DD>
|
|
rsmtp is used to deliver mail with batched SMTP. This is
|
|
described in the mail chapters.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="6623">.../etc/inetd.conf:</A><DD>
|
|
Note that usually, tcpd has mode 700, so that you must
|
|
invoke it as user root, not uucp as you would
|
|
usually do.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="6626">...option.</A><DD>
|
|
The -u option is present in 1.04, too, but is only a no-op.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="6627">...4096.</A><DD>
|
|
Most binaries included in distributions default to a window
|
|
size of 7 and 128 byte packets.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="6629">...files</A><DD>
|
|
That is, files whose name begins with a dot. Such files aren't
|
|
normally displayed by the ls command.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="7158">...line.</A><DD>
|
|
It is customary to append a <em>signature</em> or .sig to a mail
|
|
message, usually containing information on the author, along with a
|
|
joke or a motto. It is offset from the mail message by a line
|
|
containing ``- ''.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="6870">...space.</A><DD>
|
|
This is because disk space is usually allocated in blocks of 1024 Bytes.
|
|
So even a message of at most 400 Bytes will eat a full KB.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="7189">...host::user.</A><DD>
|
|
When trying to reach a DECnet address from an RFC-822 environment, you
|
|
may use "host::user"@relay, where relay
|
|
is the name of a known Internet-DECnet relay.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="7166">...Usenet.</A><DD>
|
|
Maps for sites registered with The UUCP Mapping Project are distributed
|
|
through the newsgroup comp.mail.maps; other organizations may
|
|
publish separate maps for their network.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="7174">...world-wide.</A><DD>
|
|
They are posted regularly in news.lists.ps-maps. Beware. They're
|
|
HUGE.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="7779">.../usr/sbin/sendmail.</A><DD>
|
|
This is the new standard location of sendmail according to the
|
|
File System Standard. Another common location is /usr/lib.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="7786">...instead.</A><DD>
|
|
The reason is this: Assume your hostname is monad, but is not
|
|
registered in the maps. However, there is a site in the maps called
|
|
monad, so every mail to monad!root, even sent from
|
|
a direct UUCP neighbor of yours, will wind up on the other
|
|
monad. This is a nuisance for everybody.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="7423">...consolation.</A><DD>
|
|
Don't use this if you're in a really bad mood.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="7801">...FTP.</A><DD>
|
|
If you bought this with a distribution from a vendor, you are
|
|
entitled to the source code ``for a nominal shipping charge'',
|
|
according to smail's copying conditions.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="7815">...distribution,</A><DD>
|
|
The default configuration files can be found in samples/generic
|
|
below the source directory.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="7845">...connections.</A><DD>
|
|
The authors call this support ``simple''. For a future version of
|
|
smail, they advertise a complete backend which will handle this
|
|
more efficiently.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="7744">...path.</A><DD>
|
|
However, the use of routes in the Internet is discouraged altogether.
|
|
Fully qualified domain names should be used instead.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="8405">...program</A><DD>
|
|
deliver was written by Chip Salzenberg (chip%tct@ateng.com).
|
|
It is part of several distributions and can be found in the
|
|
usual anonymous FTP archives such as ftp.uu.net.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="8518">...value.</A><DD>
|
|
The format of Usenet news messages is specified in RFC-1036,
|
|
``Standard for interchange of USENET messages''.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="8634">...day.</A><DD>
|
|
Wait a moment: 60-Megs at 9600-bps, that's 60 million by 1200,
|
|
that is...mutter, mutter,...Hey! That's 34-hours!
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="8654">...<em>batching</em>.</A><DD>
|
|
The golden rule of netnews, according to Geoff Collyer: ``Thou shalt
|
|
batch thine articles.''
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="8658">...NNTP.</A><DD>
|
|
Described in RFC-977.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="8673">...resource,</A><DD>
|
|
Some people claim that Usenet is a conspiracy by modem and hard disk
|
|
vendors.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="8835">...group.</A><DD>
|
|
There may be a difference between the groups that exist at your site,
|
|
and those that your site is willing to receive. For example, the
|
|
subscription list may specify comp.all, which means all
|
|
newsgroups below the comp hierarchy, but at your site, only a
|
|
number of comp groups are listed in active. articles
|
|
posted to those groups will be moved to junk.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="8837">...entry,</A><DD>
|
|
Note that this should be the crontab of news, in order not
|
|
to mangle file permissions.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="9513">...own.</A><DD>
|
|
If you don't care about the number of spool files (because
|
|
you're the only person using your computer, and you don't
|
|
write articles by the megabyte), you may replace the script's
|
|
contents by a simple exit 0 statement.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="9515">...batch.</A><DD>
|
|
As shipped with C-News, compcun uses compress with the
|
|
12-bit option, since this is the least common denominator for most
|
|
sites. You may produce a copy of it, say compcun16,
|
|
where you use 16-bit compression. The improvement is not too
|
|
impressive, though.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="9518">...doexpire.</A><DD>
|
|
In older versions of C News, this was done by a script called
|
|
upact.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="9288">...expiration.</A><DD>
|
|
The article's date of arrival is kept in the middle field of the
|
|
history line, given in seconds since January-1, 1970.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="9520">...them.</A><DD>
|
|
I don't know <em>why</em> this happens, but for me, it does from time
|
|
to time.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="9363">...newsmaster,</A><DD>
|
|
There's a funny typo in RFC-1036 (p.12):
|
|
``Implementors and administrators may choose to allow control
|
|
messages to be carried out automatically, or to queue them for annual
|
|
processing.''
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="9429">...network.</A><DD>
|
|
I wouldn't try this on the Internet, either.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="9623">...Standard.</A><DD>
|
|
Formally specified in RFC-977.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="9767">...information.</A><DD>
|
|
When posting an article over NNTP, the server always adds at least one
|
|
header field, which is Nntp-Posting-Host:. It contains the
|
|
client's host name.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="9633">...faking</em>.</A><DD>
|
|
The same problem exists with SMTP, the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="9802">...tass.</A><DD>
|
|
Written by Rich Skrenta.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="9805">...minutes.</A><DD>
|
|
Things improve drastically if the NNTP
|
|
server does the threading itself, and lets the client retrieve the
|
|
threads databases; INN-1.4 does this, for instance.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="9930">...account.</A><DD>
|
|
However, do <em>not</em> use nobody for this. As a rule, no files
|
|
or commands whatsoever should be associated with this user.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="9931">...it.</A><DD>
|
|
This is the reason why you will get ugly error messages when invoking
|
|
it as super user. But then, you shouldn't work as root, anyway.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="9936">...removed.</A><DD>
|
|
Note that C-news doesn't update this low water mark automatically;
|
|
you have to run updatemin to do so. Please refer to
|
|
chapter-<A HREF="node259.html#cnews"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="gif" SRC="cross_ref_motif.gif"></A>.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE><DT><A NAME="9940">...appear.</A><DD>
|
|
This is because their order has to agree with that of the entries in the
|
|
(binary) MASTER file.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
</PRE> </DL>
|
|
<P><ADDRESS>
|
|
<I>Andrew Anderson <BR>
|
|
Thu Mar 7 23:22:06 EST 1996</I>
|
|
</ADDRESS>
|
|
</BODY>
|
|
</HTML>
|