530 lines
6.6 KiB
HTML
530 lines
6.6 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML
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><HEAD
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><TITLE
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>Summary</TITLE
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><META
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NAME="GENERATOR"
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CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK
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REL="HOME"
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TITLE="Introduction to Linux"
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HREF="index.html"><LINK
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REL="UP"
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TITLE="Processes"
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HREF="chap_04.html"><LINK
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REL="PREVIOUS"
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TITLE="Scheduling processes"
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HREF="sect_04_04.html"><LINK
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REL="NEXT"
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TITLE="Exercises"
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HREF="sect_04_06.html"></HEAD
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><BODY
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CLASS="sect1"
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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TEXT="#000000"
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LINK="#0000FF"
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VLINK="#840084"
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ALINK="#0000FF"
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><DIV
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CLASS="NAVHEADER"
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><TABLE
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SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
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WIDTH="100%"
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BORDER="0"
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CELLPADDING="0"
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CELLSPACING="0"
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><TR
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><TH
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COLSPAN="3"
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ALIGN="center"
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>Introduction to Linux: </TH
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="sect_04_04.html"
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ACCESSKEY="P"
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>Prev</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="80%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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>Chapter 4. Processes</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="sect_04_06.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect1"
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><H1
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CLASS="sect1"
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><A
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NAME="sect_04_05"
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></A
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>4.5. Summary</H1
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><P
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>Linux is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system that has a UNIX-like way of handling processes. Execution speed of commands can depend on a thousand tiny things. Among others, we learned a lot of new commands to visualize and handle processes. Here's a list:</P
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><DIV
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CLASS="table"
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><A
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NAME="AEN5938"
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></A
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><P
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><B
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>Table 4-3. New commands in chapter 4: Processes</B
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></P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="1"
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CLASS="CALSTABLE"
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><THEAD
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><TR
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><TH
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Command</TH
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><TH
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Meaning</TH
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></TR
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></THEAD
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><TBODY
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>at</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Queue jobs for later execution.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>atq</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Lists the user's pending jobs.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>atrm</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Deletes jobs, determined by their job number.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>batch</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Executes commands when system load level permits.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>crontab</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Maintain crontab files for individual users.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>halt</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Stop the system.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>init <TT
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CLASS="parameter"
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><I
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>run level</I
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></TT
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></B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Process control initialization.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>jobs</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Lists currently executing jobs.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>kill</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Terminate a process.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>mesg</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Control write access to your terminal.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>netstat</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections and multicast memberships.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>nice</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Run a program with modified scheduling priority.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>pgrep</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Display processes.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>ps</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Report process status.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>pstree</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Display a tree of processes.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>reboot</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Stop the system.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>renice</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Alter priority of running processes.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>shutdown</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Bring the system down.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>sleep</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Delay for a specified time.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>time</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Time a command or report resource usage.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>top</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Display top CPU processes.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>uptime</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Show how long the system has been running.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>vmstat</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Report virtual memory statistics.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>w</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Show who is logged on and what they are doing.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>wall</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Send a message to everybody's terminals.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>who</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Show who is logged on.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>write</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Send a message to another user.</TD
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></TR
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></TBODY
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></TABLE
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></DIV
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
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SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
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WIDTH="100%"
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BORDER="0"
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CELLPADDING="0"
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CELLSPACING="0"
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="sect_04_04.html"
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ACCESSKEY="P"
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>Prev</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="34%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="index.html"
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ACCESSKEY="H"
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>Home</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="sect_04_06.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="top"
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>Scheduling processes</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="34%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="chap_04.html"
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ACCESSKEY="U"
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>Up</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="top"
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>Exercises</TD
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></TR
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