928 lines
12 KiB
HTML
928 lines
12 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML
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>Introduction to Linux</TITLE
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NAME="GENERATOR"
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CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK
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REL="NEXT"
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TITLE="Introduction"
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HREF="f35.html"><META
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NAME="KEYWORD"
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CONTENT="Linux"><META
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NAME="KEYWORD"
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CONTENT="Beginners"><META
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NAME="KEYWORD"
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CONTENT="linux"><META
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NAME="KEYWORD"
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CONTENT="start"><META
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NAME="KEYWORD"
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CONTENT="Getting started"><META
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NAME="KEYWORD"
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CONTENT="guide"><META
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NAME="KEYWORD"
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CONTENT="Guide"><META
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CONTENT="Exercises"><META
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CONTENT="exercises"></HEAD
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ALINK="#0000FF"
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><DIV
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CLASS="BOOK"
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><A
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NAME="AEN1"
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><DIV
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CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
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><H1
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CLASS="title"
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><A
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NAME="AEN2"
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></A
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>Introduction to Linux</H1
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><H2
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CLASS="subtitle"
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>A Hands on Guide</H2
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><H3
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CLASS="author"
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><A
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NAME="AEN6"
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></A
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>Machtelt Garrels</H3
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><DIV
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CLASS="affiliation"
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><SPAN
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CLASS="orgname"
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>Garrels.be<BR></SPAN
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><DIV
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CLASS="address"
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><P
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CLASS="address"
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><br>
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<TT
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CLASS="email"
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><<A
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HREF="mailto:tille wants no spam _at_ garrels dot be"
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>tille wants no spam _at_ garrels dot be</A
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>></TT
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><br>
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</P
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></DIV
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></DIV
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><P
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CLASS="edition"
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>1.27 Edition </P
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><P
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CLASS="copyright"
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>Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Machtelt Garrels</P
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><P
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CLASS="pubdate"
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>20080606<BR></P
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><HR></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="TOC"
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><DL
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><DT
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><B
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>Table of Contents</B
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="f35.html"
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>Introduction</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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>1. <A
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HREF="intro_01.html"
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>Why this guide?</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>2. <A
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HREF="intro_02.html"
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>Who should read this book?</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>3. <A
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HREF="intro_03.html"
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>New versions and availability</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>4. <A
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HREF="intro_04.html"
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>Revision History</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>5. <A
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HREF="intro_05.html"
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>Contributions</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>6. <A
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HREF="intro_06.html"
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>Feedback</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>7. <A
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HREF="intro_07.html"
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>Copyright information</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>8. <A
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HREF="intro_08.html"
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>What do you need?</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>9. <A
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HREF="intro_09.html"
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>Conventions used in this document</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>10. <A
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HREF="intro_10.html"
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>Organization of this document</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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>1. <A
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HREF="chap_01.html"
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>What is Linux?</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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>1.1. <A
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HREF="sect_01_01.html"
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>History</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>1.2. <A
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HREF="sect_01_02.html"
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>The user interface</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>1.3. <A
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HREF="sect_01_03.html"
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>Does Linux have a future?</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>1.4. <A
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HREF="sect_01_04.html"
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>Properties of Linux</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>1.5. <A
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HREF="sect_01_05.html"
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>Linux Flavors</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>1.6. <A
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HREF="sect_01_06.html"
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>Summary</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>1.7. <A
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HREF="sect_01_07.html"
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>Exercises</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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>2. <A
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HREF="chap_02.html"
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>Quickstart</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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>2.1. <A
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HREF="sect_02_01.html"
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>Logging in, activating the user interface and
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logging out</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>2.2. <A
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HREF="sect_02_02.html"
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>Absolute basics</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>2.3. <A
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HREF="sect_02_03.html"
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>Getting help</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>2.4. <A
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HREF="sect_02_04.html"
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>Summary</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>2.5. <A
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HREF="sect_02_05.html"
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>Exercises</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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>3. <A
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HREF="chap_03.html"
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>About files and the file system</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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>3.1. <A
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HREF="sect_03_01.html"
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>General overview of the Linux file system</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>3.2. <A
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HREF="sect_03_02.html"
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>Orientation in the file system</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>3.3. <A
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HREF="sect_03_03.html"
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>Manipulating files</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>3.4. <A
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HREF="sect_03_04.html"
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>File security</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>3.5. <A
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HREF="sect_03_05.html"
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>Summary</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>3.6. <A
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HREF="sect_03_06.html"
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>Exercises</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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>4. <A
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HREF="chap_04.html"
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>Processes</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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>4.1. <A
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HREF="sect_04_01.html"
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>Processes inside out</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>4.2. <A
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HREF="sect_04_02.html"
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>Boot process, Init and shutdown</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>4.3. <A
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HREF="sect_04_03.html"
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>Managing processes</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>4.4. <A
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HREF="sect_04_04.html"
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>Scheduling processes</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>4.5. <A
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HREF="sect_04_05.html"
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>Summary</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>4.6. <A
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HREF="sect_04_06.html"
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>Exercises</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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>5. <A
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HREF="chap_05.html"
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>I/O redirection</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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>5.1. <A
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HREF="sect_05_01.html"
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>Simple redirections</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>5.2. <A
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HREF="sect_05_02.html"
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>Advanced redirection features</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>5.3. <A
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HREF="sect_05_03.html"
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>Filters</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>5.4. <A
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HREF="sect_05_04.html"
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>Summary</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>5.5. <A
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HREF="sect_05_05.html"
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>Exercises</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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>6. <A
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HREF="chap_06.html"
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>Text editors</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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>6.1. <A
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HREF="sect_06_01.html"
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>Text editors</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>6.2. <A
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HREF="sect_06_02.html"
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>Using the Vim editor</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>6.3. <A
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HREF="sect_06_03.html"
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>Linux in the office</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>6.4. <A
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HREF="sect_06_04.html"
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>Summary</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>6.5. <A
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HREF="sect_06_05.html"
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>Exercises</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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>7. <A
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HREF="chap_07.html"
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>Home sweet /home</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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>7.1. <A
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HREF="sect_07_01.html"
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>General good housekeeping</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>7.2. <A
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HREF="sect_07_02.html"
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>Your text environment</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>7.3. <A
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HREF="sect_07_03.html"
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>The graphical environment</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>7.4. <A
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HREF="sect_07_05.html"
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>Region specific settings</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>7.5. <A
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HREF="sect_07_06.html"
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>Installing new software</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>7.6. <A
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HREF="sect_07_07.html"
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>Summary</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>7.7. <A
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HREF="sect_07_08.html"
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>Exercises</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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>8. <A
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HREF="chap_08.html"
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>Printers and printing</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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>8.1. <A
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HREF="sect_08_01.html"
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>Printing files</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>8.2. <A
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HREF="sect_08_02.html"
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>The server side</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>8.3. <A
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HREF="sect_08_03.html"
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>Print problems</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>8.4. <A
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HREF="sect_08_05.html"
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>Summary</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>8.5. <A
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HREF="sect_08_06.html"
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>Exercises</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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>9. <A
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HREF="chap_09.html"
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>Fundamental Backup Techniques</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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>9.1. <A
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HREF="sect_09_01.html"
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>Introduction</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>9.2. <A
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HREF="sect_09_02.html"
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>Moving your data to a backup device</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>9.3. <A
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HREF="sect_09_03.html"
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>Using rsync</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>9.4. <A
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HREF="sect_09_04.html"
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>Encryption</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>9.5. <A
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HREF="sect_09_05.html"
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>Summary</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>9.6. <A
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HREF="sect_09_06.html"
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>Exercises</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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>10. <A
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HREF="chap_10.html"
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>Networking</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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>10.1. <A
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HREF="sect_10_01.html"
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>Networking Overview</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>10.2. <A
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HREF="sect_10_02.html"
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>Network configuration and information</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>10.3. <A
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HREF="sect_10_04.html"
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>Internet/Intranet applications</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>10.4. <A
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HREF="sect_10_05.html"
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>Remote execution of applications</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>10.5. <A
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HREF="sect_10_06.html"
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>Security</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>10.6. <A
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HREF="sect_10_08.html"
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>Summary</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>10.7. <A
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HREF="sect_10_09.html"
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>Exercises</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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>11. <A
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HREF="chap_11.html"
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>Sound and Video</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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>11.1. <A
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HREF="sect_11_01.html"
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>Audio Basics</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>11.2. <A
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HREF="sect_11_02.html"
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>Sound and video playing</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>11.3. <A
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HREF="sect_11_02_04.html"
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>Video playing, streams and television watching</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>11.4. <A
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HREF="sect_11_02_05.html"
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>Internet Telephony</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>11.5. <A
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HREF="sect_11_03.html"
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>Summary</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>11.6. <A
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HREF="sect_11_04.html"
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>Exercises</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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>A. <A
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HREF="app1.html"
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>Where to go from here?</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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>A.1. <A
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HREF="x11802.html"
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>Useful Books</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>A.2. <A
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HREF="x11877.html"
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>Useful sites</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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>B. <A
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HREF="app2.html"
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>DOS versus Linux commands</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>C. <A
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HREF="app3.html"
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>Shell Features</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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>C.1. <A
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HREF="x12120.html"
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>Common features</A
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></DT
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><DT
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>C.2. <A
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HREF="x12249.html"
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>Differing features</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="gloss.html"
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>Glossary</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="i14033.html"
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>Index</A
|
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></DT
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></DL
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="LOT"
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><DL
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CLASS="LOT"
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><DT
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><B
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>List of Tables</B
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></DT
|
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><DT
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>1. <A
|
|
HREF="intro_09.html#conventions"
|
|
>Typographic and usage conventions</A
|
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></DT
|
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><DT
|
|
>2-1. <A
|
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HREF="sect_02_02.html#tab_02_01"
|
|
>Quickstart commands</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>2-2. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_02_02.html#tab_02_02"
|
|
>Key combinations in Bash</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>2-3. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_02_04.html#AEN1438"
|
|
>New commands in chapter 2: Basics</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>3-1. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_01.html#AEN1749"
|
|
>File types in a long list</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>3-2. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_01.html#AEN2004"
|
|
>Subdirectories of the root directory</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>3-3. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_02.html#AEN2485"
|
|
>Most common configuration files</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>3-4. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_02.html#AEN2726"
|
|
>Common devices</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>3-5. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#AEN3003"
|
|
>Color-ls default color scheme</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>3-6. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#AEN3039"
|
|
>Default suffix scheme for ls</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>3-7. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_04.html#AEN3805"
|
|
>Access mode codes</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>3-8. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_04.html#AEN3825"
|
|
>User group codes</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>3-9. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_04.html#AEN3908"
|
|
>File protection with chmod</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>3-10. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_05.html#AEN4247"
|
|
>New commands in chapter 3: Files and the file system</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>3-11. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_05.html#AEN4445"
|
|
>File permissions</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>4-1. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#AEN4685"
|
|
>Controlling processes</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>4-2. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#AEN5016"
|
|
>Common signals</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>4-3. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_05.html#AEN5938"
|
|
>New commands in chapter 4: Processes</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>5-1. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_05_04.html#AEN6552"
|
|
>New commands in chapter 5: I/O redirection</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>7-1. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_02.html#AEN7272"
|
|
>Common environment variables</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>7-2. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_07.html#AEN8431"
|
|
>New commands in chapter 7: Making yourself at home</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>8-1. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_08_05.html#AEN8887"
|
|
>New commands in chapter 8: Printing</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>9-1. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_09_05.html#AEN9615"
|
|
>New commands in chapter 9: Backup</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>10-1. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_01.html#layered_model"
|
|
>The simplified OSI Model</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>10-2. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_08.html#AEN11263"
|
|
>New commands in chapter 10: Networking</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>11-1. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_11_03.html#AEN11708"
|
|
>New commands in chapter 11: Audio</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>B-1. <A
|
|
HREF="app2.html#AEN12006"
|
|
>Overview of DOS/Linux commands</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>C-1. <A
|
|
HREF="x12120.html#AEN12123"
|
|
>Common Shell Features</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>C-2. <A
|
|
HREF="x12249.html#AEN12267"
|
|
>Differing Shell Features</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="LOT"
|
|
><DL
|
|
CLASS="LOT"
|
|
><DT
|
|
><B
|
|
>List of Figures</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>1. <A
|
|
HREF="intro_03.html#AEN59"
|
|
>Introduction to Linux front cover</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>1-1. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_01_03.html#AEN479"
|
|
>OpenOffice MS-compatible Spreadsheet</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>2-1. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_02_01.html#AEN819"
|
|
>Terminal window</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>2-2. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_02_03.html#AEN1381"
|
|
>Konqueror as help browser</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>3-1. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_01.html#AEN1977"
|
|
>Linux file system layout</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>3-2. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#AEN3699"
|
|
>Hard and soft link mechanism</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>4-1. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#AEN4957"
|
|
>Fork-and-exec mechanism</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>4-2. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_03.html#AEN5442"
|
|
>Can't you go faster?</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>4-3. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_03.html#AEN5639"
|
|
>Gnome System Monitor</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>8-1. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_08_03.html#AEN8864"
|
|
>Printer Status through web interface</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>9-1. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_09_02.html#AEN9268"
|
|
>Floppy formatter</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>10-1. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_04.html#AEN10332"
|
|
>Evolution mail and news reader</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>10-2. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_04.html#AEN10492"
|
|
>X-Chat</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>10-3. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_05.html#AEN10847"
|
|
>SSH X11 forwarding</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>11-1. <A
|
|
HREF="sect_11_02.html#AEN11486"
|
|
>XMMS mp3 player</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
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CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
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SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
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><TR
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ALIGN="left"
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> </TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="center"
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> </TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="top"
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HREF="f35.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
|
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>Next</A
|
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></TD
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