3875 lines
43 KiB
HTML
3875 lines
43 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML
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><HEAD
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><TITLE
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>Glossary</TITLE
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><META
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NAME="GENERATOR"
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CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK
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REL="HOME"
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TITLE="Introduction to Linux"
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HREF="index.html"><LINK
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REL="PREVIOUS"
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TITLE="Differing features"
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HREF="x12249.html"><LINK
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REL="NEXT"
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TITLE="Index"
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HREF="i14033.html"></HEAD
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><BODY
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CLASS="glossary"
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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TEXT="#000000"
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LINK="#0000FF"
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VLINK="#840084"
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CLASS="NAVHEADER"
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SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
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CELLSPACING="0"
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><TR
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><TH
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COLSPAN="3"
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ALIGN="center"
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>Introduction to Linux: </TH
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="x12249.html"
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ACCESSKEY="P"
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>Prev</A
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WIDTH="80%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="i14033.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="GLOSSARY"
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><H1
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><A
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NAME="glossary"
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></A
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>Glossary</H1
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><BLOCKQUOTE
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CLASS="ABSTRACT"
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><DIV
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CLASS="abstract"
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><A
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NAME="AEN12751"
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></A
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><P
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></P
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><P
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>This section contains an alphabetical overview of commands discussed in this document.</P
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><P
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></P
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></DIV
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></BLOCKQUOTE
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><DIV
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CLASS="glossdiv"
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><H1
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CLASS="glossdiv"
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><A
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NAME="A"
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></A
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>A</H1
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><DL
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="a2ps"
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></A
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><B
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>a2ps</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Format files for printing on a PostScript printer, see <A
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HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02"
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>Section 8.1.2</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="acroread"
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></A
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><B
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>acroread</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>PDF viewer, see <A
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HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02_02"
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>Section 8.1.2.2</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="adduser"
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></A
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><B
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>adduser</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Create a new user or update default new user information.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="alias"
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></A
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><B
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>alias</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Create a shell alias for a command.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="alsaconf"
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></A
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><B
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>alsaconf</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Configure sound card using the ALSA driver, see <A
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HREF="sect_11_01.html#sect_11_01_02"
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>Section 11.1.2</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="alsamixer"
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></A
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><B
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>alsamixer</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Tune ALSA sound device output, see <A
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HREF="sect_11_02.html#sect_11_02_02_03"
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>Section 11.2.2.3</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="anacron"
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></A
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><B
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>anacron</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Execute commands periodically, does not assume continuously running machine.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="apropos"
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></A
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><B
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>apropos</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Search the whatis database for strings, see <A
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HREF="sect_02_03.html#sect_02_03_03_02"
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>Section 2.3.3.2</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="apt-get"
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></A
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><B
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>apt-get</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>APT package handling utility, see <A
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HREF="sect_07_06.html#sect_07_06_03_02"
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>Section 7.5.3.2</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="arecord"
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></A
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><B
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>arecord</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Record a sound sample, see <A
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HREF="sect_11_02.html#sect_11_02_03"
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>Section 11.2.3</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="aspell"
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></A
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><B
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>aspell</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Spell checker.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="at"
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></A
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><B
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>at, atq, atrm</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution, see <A
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HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_02_02"
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>Section 4.1.2.2</A
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> and <A
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HREF="sect_04_04.html#sect_04_04_03"
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>Section 4.4.3</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="aumix"
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></A
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><B
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>aumix</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Adjust audio mixer, see <A
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HREF="sect_11_02.html#sect_11_02_02_03"
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>Section 11.2.2.3</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="awk"
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></A
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><B
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>(g)awk</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Pattern scanning and processing language.</P
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></DD
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></DL
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="glossdiv"
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><H1
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CLASS="glossdiv"
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><A
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NAME="B"
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></A
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>B</H1
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><DL
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="bash"
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></A
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><B
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>bash</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Bourne Again SHell, see <A
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HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_03_02"
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>Section 3.2.3.2</A
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> and <A
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HREF="sect_07_02.html#sect_07_02_07"
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>Section 7.2.5</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="batch"
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></A
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><B
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>batch</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution, see <A
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HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_02_02"
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>Section 4.1.2.2</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="bg"
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></A
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><B
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>bg</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Run a job in the background, see <A
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HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_02_01"
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>Section 4.1.2.1</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="bitmap"
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></A
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><B
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>bitmap</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Bitmap editor and converter utilities for the X window System.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="bzip2"
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></A
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><B
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>bzip2</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>A block-sorting file compressor, see <A
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HREF="sect_09_01.html#sect_09_01_01_03"
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>Section 9.1.1.3</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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></DL
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="glossdiv"
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><H1
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CLASS="glossdiv"
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><A
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NAME="C"
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></A
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>C</H1
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><DL
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="cardctl"
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></A
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><B
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>cardctl</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Manage PCMCIA cards, see <A
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HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_03_03"
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>Section 10.2.3.3</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="cat"
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></A
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><B
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>cat</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Concatenate files and print to standard output, see <A
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HREF="sect_02_02.html"
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>Section 2.2</A
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> and <A
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HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_04"
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>Section 3.2.4</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="cd"
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></A
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><B
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>cd</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Change directory, see <A
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HREF="sect_02_02.html"
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>Section 2.2</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="cdp"
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></A
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><B
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>cdp/cdplay</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>An interactive text-mode program for controlling and playing
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audio CD Roms under Linux, see <A
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HREF="sect_11_02.html#sect_11_02_01"
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>Section 11.2.1</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="cdparanoia"
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></A
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><B
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>cdparanoia</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>An audio CD reading utility which
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includes extra data verification features, see <A
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HREF="sect_11_02.html#sect_11_02_01"
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>Section 11.2.1</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="cdrecord"
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></A
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><B
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>cdrecord</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Record a CD-R, see <A
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HREF="sect_09_02.html#sect_09_02_02"
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>Section 9.2.2</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="chattr"
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></A
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><B
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>chattr</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Change file attributes.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="chgrp"
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></A
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><B
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>chgrp</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Change group ownership, see <A
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HREF="sect_03_04.html#sect_03_04_02_03"
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>Section 3.4.2.3</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="chkconfig"
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></A
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><B
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>chkconfig</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Update or query run level information for system services, see <A
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HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_05_01"
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>Section 4.2.5.1</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="chmod"
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></A
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><B
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>chmod</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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|
>Change file access permissions, see <A
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HREF="sect_03_04.html#sect_03_04_01"
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>Section 3.4.1</A
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>, <A
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HREF="sect_03_04.html#sect_03_04_02_01"
|
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>Section 3.4.2.1</A
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> and <A
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HREF="sect_03_04.html#sect_03_04_02_04"
|
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>Section 3.4.2.4</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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NAME="chown"
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></A
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><B
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|
>chown</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
|
|
>Change file owner and group, see <A
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HREF="sect_03_04.html#sect_03_04_02_03"
|
|
>Section 3.4.2.3</A
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>.</P
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></DD
|
|
><DT
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><A
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NAME="compress"
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></A
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><B
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|
>compress</B
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></DT
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><DD
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|
><P
|
|
>Compress files.</P
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></DD
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|
><DT
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|
><A
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|
NAME="cp"
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></A
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><B
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|
>cp</B
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></DT
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><DD
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><P
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|
>Copy files and directories, see <A
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HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_02"
|
|
>Section 3.3.2</A
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>.</P
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></DD
|
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><DT
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><A
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|
NAME="crontab"
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></A
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><B
|
|
>crontab</B
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></DT
|
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><DD
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><P
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|
>Maintain crontab files, see <A
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HREF="sect_04_04.html#sect_04_04_04"
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>Section 4.4.4</A
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|
>.</P
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></DD
|
|
><DT
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|
><A
|
|
NAME="csh"
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></A
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><B
|
|
>csh</B
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|
></DT
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|
><DD
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|
><P
|
|
>Open a C shell, see <A
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|
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_03_02"
|
|
>Section 3.2.3.2</A
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|
>.</P
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></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="cut"
|
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></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>cut</B
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></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Remove sections from each line of file(s), see <A
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|
HREF="sect_07_02.html#sect_07_02_07_02"
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>Section 7.2.5.2</A
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>.</P
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></DD
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></DL
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></DIV
|
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><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
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><A
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|
NAME="D"
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></A
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>D</H1
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><DL
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><DT
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|
><A
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|
NAME="date"
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></A
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|
><B
|
|
>date</B
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></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Print or set system date and time.</P
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|
></DD
|
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><DT
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><A
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|
NAME="dd"
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></A
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><B
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|
>dd</B
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></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Convert and copy a file (disk dump), see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_09_02.html#sect_09_02_01_02"
|
|
>Section 9.2.1.2</A
|
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>.</P
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></DD
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><DT
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|
><A
|
|
NAME="df"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>df</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Report file system disk usage, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_01.html#sect_03_01_02_03"
|
|
>Section 3.1.2.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="dhcpcd"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>dhcpcd</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>DHCP client daemon, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_08"
|
|
>Section 10.3.8</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="diff"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>diff</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Find differences between two files.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="dig"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>dig</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Send domain name query packets to name servers, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_06_01"
|
|
>Section 10.2.6.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="dmesg"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>dmesg</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Print or control the kernel ring buffer.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="du"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>du</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Estimate file space usage.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="dump"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>dump</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Backup file system, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_09_02.html#sect_09_02_05"
|
|
>Section 9.2.5</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="E"
|
|
></A
|
|
>E</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="echo"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>echo</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Display a line of text, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_01"
|
|
>Section 3.2.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="ediff"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>ediff</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Diff to English translator.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="egrep"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>egrep</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Extended grep.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="eject"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>eject</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Unmount and eject removable media, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_06.html#sect_07_06_05_02"
|
|
>Section 7.5.5.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="emacs"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>emacs</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Start the Emacs editor, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_06_01.html#sect_06_01_02_02"
|
|
>Section 6.1.2.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="exec"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>exec</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Invoke subprocess(es), see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_05_01"
|
|
>Section 4.1.5.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="exit"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>exit</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Exit current shell, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_02_02.html"
|
|
>Section 2.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="export"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>export</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Add function(s) to the shell environment, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_01"
|
|
>Section 3.2.1</A
|
|
>, <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_02.html#sect_07_02_02"
|
|
>Section 7.2.1.2</A
|
|
> and <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_02.html#sect_07_02_06_02"
|
|
>Section 7.2.4.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="F"
|
|
></A
|
|
>F</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="fax2ps"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>fax2ps</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Convert a TIFF facsimile to PostScript, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02"
|
|
>Section 8.1.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="fdformat"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>fdformat</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Format floppy disk, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_09_02.html#sect_09_02_01_01"
|
|
>Section 9.2.1.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="fdisk"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>fdisk</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Partition table manipulator for Linux, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_01.html#sect_03_01_02_02"
|
|
>Section 3.1.2.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="fetchmail"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>fetchmail</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Fetch mail from a POP, IMAP, ETRN or ODMR-capable server, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_02_03"
|
|
>Section 10.3.2.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="fg"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>fg</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Bring a job in the foreground, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_02_01"
|
|
>Section 4.1.2.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="file"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>file</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Determine file type, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_01_02"
|
|
>Section 3.3.1.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="find"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>find</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Find files, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_03_03"
|
|
>Section 3.3.3.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="firefox"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>firefox</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Web browser, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_03_02"
|
|
>Section 10.3.3.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="fork"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>fork</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Create a new process, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_05_01"
|
|
>Section 4.1.5.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="formail"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>formail</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Mail (re)formatter, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_02_03"
|
|
>Section 10.3.2.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="fortune"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>fortune</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Print a random, hopefully interesting adage.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="ftp"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>ftp</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Transfer files (unsafe unless anonymous account is used!)services, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_04_02"
|
|
>Section 10.3.4.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="G"
|
|
></A
|
|
>G</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="galeon"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>galeon</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Graphical web browser.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="gdm"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>gdm</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Gnome Display Manager, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_04"
|
|
>Section 4.2.4</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="gedit"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>gedit</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>GUI editor, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_06_03.html#sect_06_03_03_03"
|
|
>Section 6.3.3.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="getty"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>(min/a)getty</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Control console devices.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="gimp"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>gimp</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Image manipulation program.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="gpg"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>gpg</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Encrypt, check and decrypt files, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_09_04.html#sect_09_04_01_02"
|
|
>Section 9.4.1.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="grep"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>grep</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Print lines matching a pattern, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_03_04"
|
|
>Section 3.3.3.4</A
|
|
> and <A
|
|
HREF="sect_05_03.html#sect_05_03_01"
|
|
>Section 5.3.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="groff"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>groff</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Emulate nroff command with groff, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02"
|
|
>Section 8.1.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="grub"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>grub</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>The grub shell, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_03"
|
|
>Section 4.2.3</A
|
|
> and <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_06.html#sect_07_06_04"
|
|
>Section 7.5.4</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="gv"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>gv</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>A PostScript and PDF viewer, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02_02"
|
|
>Section 8.1.2.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="gvim"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>gvim</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Graphical version of the <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="application"
|
|
>vIm</SPAN
|
|
> editor, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_06_03.html#sect_06_03_03_03"
|
|
>Section 6.3.3.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="gzip"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>gzip</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Compress or expand files, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_09_01.html#sect_09_01_01_03"
|
|
>Section 9.1.1.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="H"
|
|
></A
|
|
>H</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="halt"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>halt</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Stop the system, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_06"
|
|
>Section 4.2.6</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="head"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>head</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Output the first part of files, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_04_03"
|
|
>Section 3.3.4.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="help"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>help</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Display help on a shell built-in command.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="host"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>host</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>DNS lookup utility, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_06_01"
|
|
>Section 10.2.6.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="httpd"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>httpd</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Apache hypertext transfer protocol server, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_03_01"
|
|
>Section 10.2.3.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="I"
|
|
></A
|
|
>I</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="id"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>id</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Print real and effective UIDs and GIDs, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_04.html#sect_03_04_01"
|
|
>Section 3.4.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="ifconfig"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>ifconfig</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Configure network interface or show configuration, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_01.html#sect_10_01_02_03"
|
|
>Section 10.1.2.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="info"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>info</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Read Info documents, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_02_03.html#sect_02_03_03_01"
|
|
>Section 2.3.3.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="init"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>init</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Process control initialization, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_05_01"
|
|
>Section 4.1.5.1</A
|
|
>, <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_04"
|
|
>Section 4.2.4</A
|
|
> and <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_05"
|
|
>Section 4.2.5</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="insserv"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>insserv</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Manage init scripts, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_05_01"
|
|
>Section 4.2.5.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="iostat"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>iostat</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Display I/O statistics, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_04"
|
|
>Section 4.3.5.4</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="ip"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>ip</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Display/change network interface status, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_01.html#sect_10_01_02_03"
|
|
>Section 10.1.2.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="ipchains"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>ipchains</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>IP firewall administration, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_04_02"
|
|
>Section 10.4.4.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="iptables"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>iptables</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>IP packet filter administration, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_04_02"
|
|
>Section 10.4.4.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="J"
|
|
></A
|
|
>J</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="jar"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>jar</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Java archive tool, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_09_01.html#sect_09_01_01_04"
|
|
>Section 9.1.1.4</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="jobs"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>jobs</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>List backgrounded tasks.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="K"
|
|
></A
|
|
>K</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="kdm"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>kdm</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Desktop manager for KDE, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_04"
|
|
>Section 4.2.4</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="kedit"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>kedit</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>KDE graphical editor, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_06_03.html#sect_06_03_03_03"
|
|
>Section 6.3.3.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="kill"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>kill(all)</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Terminate process(es), see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_02_01"
|
|
>Section 4.1.2.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="konqueror"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>konqueror</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>File manager, (help) browser, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_02_01"
|
|
>Section 3.3.2.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="ksh"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>ksh</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Open a Korn shell, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_03_02"
|
|
>Section 3.2.3.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="kwrite"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>kwrite</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>KDE graphical editor, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_06_03.html#sect_06_03_03_03"
|
|
>Section 6.3.3.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="L"
|
|
></A
|
|
>L</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="less"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>less</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>more</B
|
|
> with features, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_04_02"
|
|
>Section 3.3.4.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="lilo"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>lilo</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Linux boot loader, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_02.html"
|
|
>Section 4.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="links"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>links</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Text mode WWW browser, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_03_02"
|
|
>Section 10.2.3.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="ln"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>ln</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Make links between files, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_05"
|
|
>Section 3.3.5</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="loadkeys"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>loadkeys</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Load keyboard translation tables, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_05.html#sect_07_05_01"
|
|
>Section 7.4.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="locate"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>locate</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Find files, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_03_03"
|
|
>Section 3.3.3.3</A
|
|
> and <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_04.html#sect_04_04_04"
|
|
>Section 4.4.4</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="logout"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>logout</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Close current shell, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_02_01.html#sect_02_01_03"
|
|
>Section 2.1.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="lp"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>lp</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Send requests to the LP print service, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_08_01.html"
|
|
>Section 8.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="lpc"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>lpc</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Line printer control program, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_08_01.html"
|
|
>Section 8.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="lpq"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>lpq</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Print spool queue examination program, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_08_01.html"
|
|
>Section 8.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="lpr"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>lpr</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Offline print, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_08_01.html"
|
|
>Section 8.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="lprm"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>lprm</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Remove print requests, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_08_01.html"
|
|
>Section 8.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="ls"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>ls</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>List directory content, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_02_02.html"
|
|
>Section 2.2</A
|
|
>, <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_01.html#sect_03_01_01_02"
|
|
>Section 3.1.1.2</A
|
|
> and <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_01_01"
|
|
>Section 3.3.1.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="lynx"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>lynx</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Text mode WWW browser, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_03_02"
|
|
>Section 10.2.3.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="M"
|
|
></A
|
|
>M</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="mail"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>mail</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Send and receive mail, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_02_03"
|
|
>Section 10.3.2.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="man"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>man</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Read man pages, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_02_03.html#sect_02_03_02"
|
|
>Section 2.3.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="mc"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>mc</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Midnight COmmander, file manager, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_02_01"
|
|
>Section 3.3.2.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="mcopy"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>mcopy</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Copy MSDOS files to/from Unix.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="mdir"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>mdir</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Display an MSDOS directory.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="memusage"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>memusage</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Display memory usage, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_03"
|
|
>Section 4.3.5.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="memusagestat"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>memusagestat</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Display memory usage statistics, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_03"
|
|
>Section 4.3.5.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="mesg"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>mesg</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Control write access to your terminal, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_06"
|
|
>Section 4.1.6</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="mformat"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>mformat</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Add an MSDOS file system to a low-level formatted floppy disk, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_09_02.html#sect_09_02_01_01"
|
|
>Section 9.2.1.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="mkbootdisk"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>mkbootdisk</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Creates a stand-alone boot floppy for the running system.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="mkdir"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>mkdir</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Create directory, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_02"
|
|
>Section 3.3.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="mkisofs"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>mkisofs</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Create a hybrid ISO9660 filesystem, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_09_02.html#sect_09_02_02"
|
|
>Section 9.2.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="mplayer"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>mplayer</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Movie player/encoder for Linux, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_11_02.html#sect_11_02_02"
|
|
>Section 11.2.2</A
|
|
> and <A
|
|
HREF="sect_11_02_04.html"
|
|
>Section 11.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="more"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>more</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Filter for displaying text one screen at the time, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_04_02"
|
|
>Section 3.3.4.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="mount"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>mount</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Mount a file system or display information about mounted file systems, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_06.html#sect_07_06_05_01"
|
|
>Section 7.5.5.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="mozilla"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>mozilla</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Web browser, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_03_02"
|
|
>Section 10.2.3.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="mt"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>mt</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Control magnetic tape drive operation.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="mtr"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>mtr</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Network diagnostic tool.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="mv"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>mv</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Rename files, <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_02"
|
|
>Section 3.3.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="N"
|
|
></A
|
|
>N</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="named"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>named</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Internet domain name server, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_07"
|
|
>Section 10.3.7</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="nautilus"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>nautilus</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>File manager, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_02_01"
|
|
>Section 3.3.2.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="ncftp"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>ncftp</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Browser program for ftp services (insecure!), see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_04_02"
|
|
>Section 10.3.4.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="netstat"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>netstat</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multi-cast memberships, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_01.html#sect_10_01_02_05"
|
|
>Section 10.1.2.5</A
|
|
> and <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_02"
|
|
>Section 10.4.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="newgrp"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>newgrp</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Log in to another group, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_04.html#sect_03_04_02_02"
|
|
>Section 3.4.2.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="nfsstat"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>nfsstat</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Print statistics about networked file systems.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="nice"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>nice</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Run a program with modified scheduling priority, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_01"
|
|
>Section 4.3.5.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="nmap"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>nmap</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Network exploration tool and security scanner.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="ntpd"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>ntpd</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Network Time Protocol Daemon, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_05.html#sect_07_05_03"
|
|
>Section 7.4.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="ntpdate"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>ntpdate</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Set the date and time via an NTP server, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_05.html#sect_07_05_03"
|
|
>Section 7.4.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="ntsysv"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>ntsysv</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Simple interface for configuring run levels, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_05_01"
|
|
>Section 4.2.5.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="O"
|
|
></A
|
|
>O</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="ogle"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>ogle</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>DVD player with support for DVD menus, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_11_02_04.html"
|
|
>Section 11.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="P"
|
|
></A
|
|
>P</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="passwd"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>passwd</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Change password, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_02_02.html"
|
|
>Section 2.2</A
|
|
> and <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_06"
|
|
>Section 4.1.6</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="pccardctl"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>pccardctl</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Manage PCMCIA cards, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_03_03"
|
|
>Section 10.2.3.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="pdf2ps"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>pdf2ps</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Ghostscript PDF to PostScript translator, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02"
|
|
>Section 8.1.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="perl"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>perl</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Practical Extraction and Report Language.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="pg"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>pg</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Page through text output, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_04_02"
|
|
>Section 3.3.4.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="pgrep"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>pgrep</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Look up processes based on name and other attributes, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_04"
|
|
>Section 4.1.4</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="ping"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>ping</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Send echo request to a host, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_06_02"
|
|
>Section 10.2.6.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="play"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>play</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Play a sound sample, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_11_02.html#sect_11_02_03"
|
|
>Section 11.2.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="pr"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>pr</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Convert text files for printing.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="printenv"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>printenv</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Print all or part of environment, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_02.html#sect_07_02_1"
|
|
>Section 7.2.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="procmail"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>procmail</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Autonomous mail processor, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_02_03"
|
|
>Section 10.3.2.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="ps"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>ps</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Report process status, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_04"
|
|
>Section 4.1.4</A
|
|
> and <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_04"
|
|
>Section 4.3.5.4</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="pstree"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>pstree</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Display a tree of processes, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_04"
|
|
>Section 4.1.4</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="pwd"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>pwd</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Print present working directory, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_02_02.html"
|
|
>Section 2.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="Q"
|
|
></A
|
|
>Q</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="quota"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>quota</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Display disk usage and limits, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_03_03"
|
|
>Section 3.2.3.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="R"
|
|
></A
|
|
>R</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="rcp"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>rcp</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Remote copy (unsafe!)</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="rdesktop"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>rdesktop</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Remote Desktop Protocol client, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_06"
|
|
>Section 10.4.6</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="reboot"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>reboot</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Stop the system, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_06"
|
|
>Section 4.2.6</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="recode"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>recode</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Convert files to another character set, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_05.html#sect_07_05_04"
|
|
>Section 7.4.4</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="renice"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>renice</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Alter priority of a running process, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_01"
|
|
>Section 4.3.5.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="restore"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>restore</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Restore backups made with <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>dump</B
|
|
>, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_09_02.html#sect_09_02_05"
|
|
>Section 9.2.5</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="rlogin"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>rlogin</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Remote login (telnet, insecure!), see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_02"
|
|
>Section 10.4.2</A
|
|
> and <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_06.html#sect_10_06_02"
|
|
>Section 10.5.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="rm"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>rm</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Remove a file, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_02"
|
|
>Section 3.3.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="rmdir"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>rmdir</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Remove a directory, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_02_03"
|
|
>Section 3.3.2.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="roff"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>roff</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>A survey of the roff typesetting system, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02"
|
|
>Section 8.1.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="rpm"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>rpm</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>RPM Package Manager, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_06.html#sect_07_06_02_01"
|
|
>Section 7.5.2.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="rsh"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>rsh</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Remote shell (insecure!), see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_02"
|
|
>Section 10.4.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="rsync"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>rsync</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Synchronize two directories, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_09_03.html"
|
|
>Section 9.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="S"
|
|
></A
|
|
>S</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="scp"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>scp</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Secure remote copy, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_04_01"
|
|
>Section 10.4.4.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="screen"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>screen</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Screen manager with VT100 emulation, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_02_01"
|
|
>Section 4.1.2.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="set"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>set</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Display, set or change variable.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="setterm"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>setterm</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Set terminal attributes.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="sftp"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>sftp</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Secure (encrypted) ftp, see and <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_04_01"
|
|
>Section 10.4.4.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="sh"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>sh</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Open a standard shell, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_03_02"
|
|
>Section 3.2.3.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="shutdown"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>shutdown</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Bring the system down, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_06"
|
|
>Section 4.2.6</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="sleep"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>sleep</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Wait for a given period, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_04.html#sect_04_04_01"
|
|
>Section 4.4.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="slocate"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>slocate</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Security Enhanced version of the GNU Locate, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_03_03"
|
|
>Section 3.3.3.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="slrnn"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>slrnn</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>text mode Usenet client, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_06"
|
|
>Section 10.2.6</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="snort"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>snort</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Network intrusion detection tool.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="sort"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>sort</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Sort lines of text files, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_05_03.html#sect_05_03_02"
|
|
>Section 5.3.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="spell"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>spell</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Spell checker, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_05_01.html#sect_05_01_02_03"
|
|
>Section 5.1.2.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="ssh"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>ssh</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Secure shell, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_04_01"
|
|
>Section 10.4.4.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="ssh-keygen"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>ssh-keygen</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Authentication key generation, management and conversion, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_04_05"
|
|
>Section 10.4.4.5</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="stty"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>stty</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Change and print terminal line settings.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="su"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>su</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Switch user, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_01"
|
|
>Section 3.2.1</A
|
|
>, <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_06.html#sect_07_06_03_02"
|
|
>Section 7.5.3.2</A
|
|
> and <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_06"
|
|
>Section 10.4.6</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="T"
|
|
></A
|
|
>T</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="tac"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>tac</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Concatenate and print files in reverse, see <A
|
|
HREF="gloss.html#cat"
|
|
><I
|
|
CLASS="glossterm"
|
|
>cat</I
|
|
></A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="tail"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>tail</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Output the last part of files, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_04_03"
|
|
>Section 3.3.4.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="talk"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>talk</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Talk to a user.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="tar"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>tar</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Archiving utility, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_09_01.html#sect_09_01_01_01"
|
|
>Section 9.1.1.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="tcsh"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>tcsh</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Open a Turbo C shell, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_03_02"
|
|
>Section 3.2.3.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="telinit"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>telinit</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Process control initialization, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_05"
|
|
>Section 4.2.5</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="telnet"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>telnet</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>User interface to the TELNET protocol (insecure!), see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_02"
|
|
>Section 10.4.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="tex"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>tex</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Text formatting and typesetting, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02"
|
|
>Section 8.1.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="time"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>time</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Time a simple command or give resource usage, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_02"
|
|
>Section 4.3.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="tin"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>tin</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>News reading program, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_06"
|
|
>Section 10.2.6</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="top"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>top</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Display top CPU processes, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_04"
|
|
>Section 4.1.4</A
|
|
>, <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_03"
|
|
>Section 4.3.5.3</A
|
|
> and <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_04"
|
|
>Section 4.3.5.4</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="touch"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>touch</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Change file timestamps, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_01.html#sect_07_01_02"
|
|
>Section 7.1.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="traceroute"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>traceroute</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Print the route packets take to network host, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_06_03"
|
|
>Section 10.2.6.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="tripwire"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>tripwire</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>A file integrity checker for UNIX systems, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_05"
|
|
>Section 10.4.5</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="troff"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>troff</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Format documents, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02"
|
|
>Section 8.1.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="tvtime"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>tvime</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>A high quality television application.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="twm"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>twm</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Tab Window Manager for the X Window System.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="U"
|
|
></A
|
|
>U</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="ulimit"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>ulimit</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Controll resources, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_01.html#sect_07_01_02_05"
|
|
>Section 7.1.2.5</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="umask"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>umask</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Set user file creation mask, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_04.html#sect_03_04_02_02"
|
|
>Section 3.4.2.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="umount"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>umount</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Unmount a file system.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="uncompress"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>uncompress</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Decompress compressed files.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="uniq"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>uniq</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Remove duplicate lines from a sorted file, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_05_03.html#sect_05_03_02"
|
|
>Section 5.3.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="up2date"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>up2date</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Update RPM packages, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_06.html#sect_07_06_03_03"
|
|
>Section 7.5.3.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="update"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>update</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Kernel daemon to flush dirty buffers back to disk.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="update-rc.d"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>update-rc.d</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Configure init scripts, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_05_01"
|
|
>Section 4.2.5.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="uptime"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>uptime</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Display system uptime and average load, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_04"
|
|
>Section 4.1.4</A
|
|
> and <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_02"
|
|
>Section 4.3.5.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="urpmi"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>urpmi</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Update RPM packages, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_06.html#sect_07_06_03_03"
|
|
>Section 7.5.3.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="userdel"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>userdel</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Delete a user account and related files.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="V"
|
|
></A
|
|
>V</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="vi"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>vi(m)</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Start the vi (improved) editor, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_06_01.html#sect_06_01_02_03"
|
|
>Section 6.1.2.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="vimtutor"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>vimtutor</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>The Vim tutor.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="vmstat"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>vmstat</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Report virtual memory statistics, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_04"
|
|
>Section 4.3.5.4</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="W"
|
|
></A
|
|
>W</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="w"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>w</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Show who is logged on and what they are doing.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="wall"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>wall</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Send a message to everybody's terminal, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_06"
|
|
>Section 4.1.6</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="wc"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>wc</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Print the number of bytes, words and lines in files, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_01"
|
|
>Section 3.2.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="which"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>which</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Shows the full path of (shell) commands, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_01"
|
|
>Section 3.2.1</A
|
|
> and <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_03_02"
|
|
>Section 3.3.3.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="who"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>who</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Show who is logged on, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_06"
|
|
>Section 4.1.6</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="whoami"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>who am i</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Print effective user ID.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="whois"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>whois</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Query a whois or nicname database, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_06_04"
|
|
>Section 10.2.6.4</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="write"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>write</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Send a message to another user, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_06"
|
|
>Section 4.1.6</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="X"
|
|
></A
|
|
>X</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="xargs"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>xargs</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Build and execute command lines from standard input, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_03_03"
|
|
>Section 3.3.3.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="xauth"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>xauth</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>X authority file utility.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="xawtv"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>xawtv</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>An X11 program for watching TV.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="xcdroast"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>xcdroast</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Graphical front end to cdrecord, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_09_02.html#sect_09_02_02"
|
|
>Section 9.2.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="xclock"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>xclock</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Analog/digital clock for X.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="xconsole"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>xconsole</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Monitor system console messages with X.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="xdm"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>xdm</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>X Display Manager with support for XDMCP, host chooser, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_04"
|
|
>Section 4.2.4</A
|
|
> and <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_03.html#sect_07_03_02"
|
|
>Section 7.3.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="xdvi"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>xdvi</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>DVI viewer, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02_02"
|
|
>Section 8.1.2.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="xedit"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>xedit</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>X Window graphical editor, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_06_03.html#sect_06_03_03_03"
|
|
>Section 6.3.3.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="xfs"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>xfs</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>X font server.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="xhost"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>xhost</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Server access control program for X, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_03_02"
|
|
>Section 10.4.3.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="xine"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>xine</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>A free video player, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_11_02_04.html"
|
|
>Section 11.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="xinetd"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>xinetd</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>The extended Internet services daemon, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_01_02"
|
|
>Section 10.3.1.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="xload"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>xload</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>System load average display for X, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_06"
|
|
>Section 4.3.5.6</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="xlsfonts"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>xlsfonts</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Server font list displayer for X.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="xmms"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>xmms</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Audio player for X, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_11_02.html#sect_11_02_02_01"
|
|
>Section 11.2.2.1</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="xpdf"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>xpdf</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>PDF viewer, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02_02"
|
|
>Section 8.1.2.2</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="xterm"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>xterm</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Terminal emulator for X.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="Y"
|
|
></A
|
|
>Y</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="yast"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>yast</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>System administration tool on Novell SuSE Linux.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="yum"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>yum</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Update RPM packages, see <A
|
|
HREF="sect_07_06.html#sect_07_06_03_03"
|
|
>Section 7.5.3.3</A
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="glossdiv"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="Z"
|
|
></A
|
|
>Z</H1
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="zapping"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>zapping</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>A TV viewer for the Gnome environment.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="zcat"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>zcat</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Compress or expand files.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="zgrep"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>zgrep</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Search possibly compressed files for a regular expression.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="zmore"
|
|
></A
|
|
><B
|
|
>zmore</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>Filter for viewing compressed text.</P
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
|
><HR
|
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ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
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SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
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WIDTH="100%"
|
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BORDER="0"
|
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CELLPADDING="0"
|
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CELLSPACING="0"
|
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><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="left"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
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><A
|
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HREF="x12249.html"
|
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ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|
>Prev</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
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WIDTH="34%"
|
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ALIGN="center"
|
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VALIGN="top"
|
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><A
|
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HREF="index.html"
|
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ACCESSKEY="H"
|
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>Home</A
|
|
></TD
|
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><TD
|
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WIDTH="33%"
|
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ALIGN="right"
|
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VALIGN="top"
|
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><A
|
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HREF="i14033.html"
|
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ACCESSKEY="N"
|
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>Next</A
|
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></TD
|
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></TR
|
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><TR
|
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><TD
|
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WIDTH="33%"
|
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ALIGN="left"
|
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VALIGN="top"
|
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>Differing features</TD
|
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><TD
|
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WIDTH="34%"
|
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ALIGN="center"
|
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VALIGN="top"
|
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> </TD
|
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="right"
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