old-www/LDP/intro-linux/html/gloss.html

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><DIV
CLASS="GLOSSARY"
><H1
><A
NAME="glossary"
></A
>Glossary</H1
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="ABSTRACT"
><DIV
CLASS="abstract"
><A
NAME="AEN12751"
></A
><P
></P
><P
>This section contains an alphabetical overview of commands discussed in this document.</P
><P
></P
></DIV
></BLOCKQUOTE
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="A"
></A
>A</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="a2ps"
></A
><B
>a2ps</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Format files for printing on a PostScript printer, see <A
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02"
>Section 8.1.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="acroread"
></A
><B
>acroread</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>PDF viewer, see <A
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02_02"
>Section 8.1.2.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="adduser"
></A
><B
>adduser</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Create a new user or update default new user information.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="alias"
></A
><B
>alias</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Create a shell alias for a command.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="alsaconf"
></A
><B
>alsaconf</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Configure sound card using the ALSA driver, see <A
HREF="sect_11_01.html#sect_11_01_02"
>Section 11.1.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="alsamixer"
></A
><B
>alsamixer</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Tune ALSA sound device output, see <A
HREF="sect_11_02.html#sect_11_02_02_03"
>Section 11.2.2.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="anacron"
></A
><B
>anacron</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Execute commands periodically, does not assume continuously running machine.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="apropos"
></A
><B
>apropos</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Search the whatis database for strings, see <A
HREF="sect_02_03.html#sect_02_03_03_02"
>Section 2.3.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="apt-get"
></A
><B
>apt-get</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>APT package handling utility, see <A
HREF="sect_07_06.html#sect_07_06_03_02"
>Section 7.5.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="arecord"
></A
><B
>arecord</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Record a sound sample, see <A
HREF="sect_11_02.html#sect_11_02_03"
>Section 11.2.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="aspell"
></A
><B
>aspell</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Spell checker.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="at"
></A
><B
>at, atq, atrm</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution, see <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_02_02"
>Section 4.1.2.2</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_04_04.html#sect_04_04_03"
>Section 4.4.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="aumix"
></A
><B
>aumix</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Adjust audio mixer, see <A
HREF="sect_11_02.html#sect_11_02_02_03"
>Section 11.2.2.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="awk"
></A
><B
>(g)awk</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Pattern scanning and processing language.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="B"
></A
>B</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="bash"
></A
><B
>bash</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Bourne Again SHell, see <A
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_03_02"
>Section 3.2.3.2</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_07_02.html#sect_07_02_07"
>Section 7.2.5</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="batch"
></A
><B
>batch</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution, see <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_02_02"
>Section 4.1.2.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="bg"
></A
><B
>bg</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Run a job in the background, see <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_02_01"
>Section 4.1.2.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="bitmap"
></A
><B
>bitmap</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Bitmap editor and converter utilities for the X window System.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="bzip2"
></A
><B
>bzip2</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>A block-sorting file compressor, see <A
HREF="sect_09_01.html#sect_09_01_01_03"
>Section 9.1.1.3</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="C"
></A
>C</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="cardctl"
></A
><B
>cardctl</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Manage PCMCIA cards, see <A
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_03_03"
>Section 10.2.3.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="cat"
></A
><B
>cat</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Concatenate files and print to standard output, see <A
HREF="sect_02_02.html"
>Section 2.2</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_04"
>Section 3.2.4</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="cd"
></A
><B
>cd</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Change directory, see <A
HREF="sect_02_02.html"
>Section 2.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="cdp"
></A
><B
>cdp/cdplay</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>An interactive text-mode program for controlling and playing
audio CD Roms under Linux, see <A
HREF="sect_11_02.html#sect_11_02_01"
>Section 11.2.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="cdparanoia"
></A
><B
>cdparanoia</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>An audio CD reading utility which
includes extra data verification features, see <A
HREF="sect_11_02.html#sect_11_02_01"
>Section 11.2.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="cdrecord"
></A
><B
>cdrecord</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Record a CD-R, see <A
HREF="sect_09_02.html#sect_09_02_02"
>Section 9.2.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="chattr"
></A
><B
>chattr</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Change file attributes.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="chgrp"
></A
><B
>chgrp</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Change group ownership, see <A
HREF="sect_03_04.html#sect_03_04_02_03"
>Section 3.4.2.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="chkconfig"
></A
><B
>chkconfig</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Update or query run level information for system services, see <A
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_05_01"
>Section 4.2.5.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="chmod"
></A
><B
>chmod</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Change file access permissions, see <A
HREF="sect_03_04.html#sect_03_04_01"
>Section 3.4.1</A
>, <A
HREF="sect_03_04.html#sect_03_04_02_01"
>Section 3.4.2.1</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_03_04.html#sect_03_04_02_04"
>Section 3.4.2.4</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="chown"
></A
><B
>chown</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Change file owner and group, see <A
HREF="sect_03_04.html#sect_03_04_02_03"
>Section 3.4.2.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="compress"
></A
><B
>compress</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Compress files.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="cp"
></A
><B
>cp</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Copy files and directories, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_02"
>Section 3.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="crontab"
></A
><B
>crontab</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Maintain crontab files, see <A
HREF="sect_04_04.html#sect_04_04_04"
>Section 4.4.4</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="csh"
></A
><B
>csh</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Open a C shell, see <A
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_03_02"
>Section 3.2.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="cut"
></A
><B
>cut</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Remove sections from each line of file(s), see <A
HREF="sect_07_02.html#sect_07_02_07_02"
>Section 7.2.5.2</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="D"
></A
>D</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="date"
></A
><B
>date</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Print or set system date and time.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="dd"
></A
><B
>dd</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Convert and copy a file (disk dump), see <A
HREF="sect_09_02.html#sect_09_02_01_02"
>Section 9.2.1.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="df"
></A
><B
>df</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Report file system disk usage, see <A
HREF="sect_03_01.html#sect_03_01_02_03"
>Section 3.1.2.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="dhcpcd"
></A
><B
>dhcpcd</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>DHCP client daemon, see <A
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_08"
>Section 10.3.8</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="diff"
></A
><B
>diff</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Find differences between two files.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="dig"
></A
><B
>dig</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Send domain name query packets to name servers, see <A
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_06_01"
>Section 10.2.6.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="dmesg"
></A
><B
>dmesg</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Print or control the kernel ring buffer.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="du"
></A
><B
>du</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Estimate file space usage.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="dump"
></A
><B
>dump</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Backup file system, see <A
HREF="sect_09_02.html#sect_09_02_05"
>Section 9.2.5</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="E"
></A
>E</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="echo"
></A
><B
>echo</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Display a line of text, see <A
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_01"
>Section 3.2.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ediff"
></A
><B
>ediff</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Diff to English translator.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="egrep"
></A
><B
>egrep</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Extended grep.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="eject"
></A
><B
>eject</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Unmount and eject removable media, see <A
HREF="sect_07_06.html#sect_07_06_05_02"
>Section 7.5.5.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="emacs"
></A
><B
>emacs</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Start the Emacs editor, see <A
HREF="sect_06_01.html#sect_06_01_02_02"
>Section 6.1.2.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="exec"
></A
><B
>exec</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Invoke subprocess(es), see <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_05_01"
>Section 4.1.5.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="exit"
></A
><B
>exit</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Exit current shell, see <A
HREF="sect_02_02.html"
>Section 2.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="export"
></A
><B
>export</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Add function(s) to the shell environment, see <A
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_01"
>Section 3.2.1</A
>, <A
HREF="sect_07_02.html#sect_07_02_02"
>Section 7.2.1.2</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_07_02.html#sect_07_02_06_02"
>Section 7.2.4.2</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="F"
></A
>F</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="fax2ps"
></A
><B
>fax2ps</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Convert a TIFF facsimile to PostScript, see <A
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02"
>Section 8.1.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="fdformat"
></A
><B
>fdformat</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Format floppy disk, see <A
HREF="sect_09_02.html#sect_09_02_01_01"
>Section 9.2.1.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="fdisk"
></A
><B
>fdisk</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Partition table manipulator for Linux, see <A
HREF="sect_03_01.html#sect_03_01_02_02"
>Section 3.1.2.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="fetchmail"
></A
><B
>fetchmail</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Fetch mail from a POP, IMAP, ETRN or ODMR-capable server, see <A
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_02_03"
>Section 10.3.2.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="fg"
></A
><B
>fg</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Bring a job in the foreground, see <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_02_01"
>Section 4.1.2.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="file"
></A
><B
>file</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Determine file type, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_01_02"
>Section 3.3.1.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="find"
></A
><B
>find</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Find files, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_03_03"
>Section 3.3.3.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="firefox"
></A
><B
>firefox</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Web browser, see <A
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_03_02"
>Section 10.3.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="fork"
></A
><B
>fork</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Create a new process, see <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_05_01"
>Section 4.1.5.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="formail"
></A
><B
>formail</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Mail (re)formatter, see <A
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_02_03"
>Section 10.3.2.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="fortune"
></A
><B
>fortune</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Print a random, hopefully interesting adage.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ftp"
></A
><B
>ftp</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Transfer files (unsafe unless anonymous account is used!)services, see <A
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_04_02"
>Section 10.3.4.2</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="G"
></A
>G</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="galeon"
></A
><B
>galeon</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Graphical web browser.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="gdm"
></A
><B
>gdm</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Gnome Display Manager, see <A
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_04"
>Section 4.2.4</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="gedit"
></A
><B
>gedit</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>GUI editor, see <A
HREF="sect_06_03.html#sect_06_03_03_03"
>Section 6.3.3.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="getty"
></A
><B
>(min/a)getty</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Control console devices.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="gimp"
></A
><B
>gimp</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Image manipulation program.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="gpg"
></A
><B
>gpg</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Encrypt, check and decrypt files, see <A
HREF="sect_09_04.html#sect_09_04_01_02"
>Section 9.4.1.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="grep"
></A
><B
>grep</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Print lines matching a pattern, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_03_04"
>Section 3.3.3.4</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_05_03.html#sect_05_03_01"
>Section 5.3.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="groff"
></A
><B
>groff</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Emulate nroff command with groff, see <A
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02"
>Section 8.1.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="grub"
></A
><B
>grub</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>The grub shell, see <A
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_03"
>Section 4.2.3</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_07_06.html#sect_07_06_04"
>Section 7.5.4</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="gv"
></A
><B
>gv</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>A PostScript and PDF viewer, see <A
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02_02"
>Section 8.1.2.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="gvim"
></A
><B
>gvim</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Graphical version of the <SPAN
CLASS="application"
>vIm</SPAN
> editor, see <A
HREF="sect_06_03.html#sect_06_03_03_03"
>Section 6.3.3.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="gzip"
></A
><B
>gzip</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Compress or expand files, see <A
HREF="sect_09_01.html#sect_09_01_01_03"
>Section 9.1.1.3</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="H"
></A
>H</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="halt"
></A
><B
>halt</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Stop the system, see <A
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_06"
>Section 4.2.6</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="head"
></A
><B
>head</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Output the first part of files, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_04_03"
>Section 3.3.4.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="help"
></A
><B
>help</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Display help on a shell built-in command.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="host"
></A
><B
>host</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>DNS lookup utility, see <A
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_06_01"
>Section 10.2.6.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="httpd"
></A
><B
>httpd</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Apache hypertext transfer protocol server, see <A
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_03_01"
>Section 10.2.3.1</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="I"
></A
>I</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="id"
></A
><B
>id</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Print real and effective UIDs and GIDs, see <A
HREF="sect_03_04.html#sect_03_04_01"
>Section 3.4.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ifconfig"
></A
><B
>ifconfig</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Configure network interface or show configuration, see <A
HREF="sect_10_01.html#sect_10_01_02_03"
>Section 10.1.2.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="info"
></A
><B
>info</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Read Info documents, see <A
HREF="sect_02_03.html#sect_02_03_03_01"
>Section 2.3.3.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="init"
></A
><B
>init</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Process control initialization, see <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_05_01"
>Section 4.1.5.1</A
>, <A
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_04"
>Section 4.2.4</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_05"
>Section 4.2.5</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="insserv"
></A
><B
>insserv</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Manage init scripts, see <A
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_05_01"
>Section 4.2.5.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="iostat"
></A
><B
>iostat</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Display I/O statistics, see <A
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_04"
>Section 4.3.5.4</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ip"
></A
><B
>ip</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Display/change network interface status, see <A
HREF="sect_10_01.html#sect_10_01_02_03"
>Section 10.1.2.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ipchains"
></A
><B
>ipchains</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>IP firewall administration, see <A
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_04_02"
>Section 10.4.4.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="iptables"
></A
><B
>iptables</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>IP packet filter administration, see <A
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_04_02"
>Section 10.4.4.2</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="J"
></A
>J</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="jar"
></A
><B
>jar</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Java archive tool, see <A
HREF="sect_09_01.html#sect_09_01_01_04"
>Section 9.1.1.4</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="jobs"
></A
><B
>jobs</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>List backgrounded tasks.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="K"
></A
>K</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="kdm"
></A
><B
>kdm</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Desktop manager for KDE, see <A
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_04"
>Section 4.2.4</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="kedit"
></A
><B
>kedit</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>KDE graphical editor, see <A
HREF="sect_06_03.html#sect_06_03_03_03"
>Section 6.3.3.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="kill"
></A
><B
>kill(all)</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Terminate process(es), see <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_02_01"
>Section 4.1.2.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="konqueror"
></A
><B
>konqueror</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>File manager, (help) browser, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_02_01"
>Section 3.3.2.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ksh"
></A
><B
>ksh</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Open a Korn shell, see <A
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_03_02"
>Section 3.2.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="kwrite"
></A
><B
>kwrite</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>KDE graphical editor, see <A
HREF="sect_06_03.html#sect_06_03_03_03"
>Section 6.3.3.3</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="L"
></A
>L</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="less"
></A
><B
>less</B
></DT
><DD
><P
><B
CLASS="command"
>more</B
> with features, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_04_02"
>Section 3.3.4.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="lilo"
></A
><B
>lilo</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Linux boot loader, see <A
HREF="sect_04_02.html"
>Section 4.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="links"
></A
><B
>links</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Text mode WWW browser, see <A
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_03_02"
>Section 10.2.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ln"
></A
><B
>ln</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Make links between files, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_05"
>Section 3.3.5</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="loadkeys"
></A
><B
>loadkeys</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Load keyboard translation tables, see <A
HREF="sect_07_05.html#sect_07_05_01"
>Section 7.4.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="locate"
></A
><B
>locate</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Find files, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_03_03"
>Section 3.3.3.3</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_04_04.html#sect_04_04_04"
>Section 4.4.4</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="logout"
></A
><B
>logout</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Close current shell, see <A
HREF="sect_02_01.html#sect_02_01_03"
>Section 2.1.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="lp"
></A
><B
>lp</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Send requests to the LP print service, see <A
HREF="sect_08_01.html"
>Section 8.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="lpc"
></A
><B
>lpc</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Line printer control program, see <A
HREF="sect_08_01.html"
>Section 8.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="lpq"
></A
><B
>lpq</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Print spool queue examination program, see <A
HREF="sect_08_01.html"
>Section 8.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="lpr"
></A
><B
>lpr</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Offline print, see <A
HREF="sect_08_01.html"
>Section 8.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="lprm"
></A
><B
>lprm</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Remove print requests, see <A
HREF="sect_08_01.html"
>Section 8.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ls"
></A
><B
>ls</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>List directory content, see <A
HREF="sect_02_02.html"
>Section 2.2</A
>, <A
HREF="sect_03_01.html#sect_03_01_01_02"
>Section 3.1.1.2</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_01_01"
>Section 3.3.1.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="lynx"
></A
><B
>lynx</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Text mode WWW browser, see <A
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_03_02"
>Section 10.2.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="M"
></A
>M</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="mail"
></A
><B
>mail</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Send and receive mail, see <A
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_02_03"
>Section 10.3.2.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="man"
></A
><B
>man</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Read man pages, see <A
HREF="sect_02_03.html#sect_02_03_02"
>Section 2.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="mc"
></A
><B
>mc</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Midnight COmmander, file manager, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_02_01"
>Section 3.3.2.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="mcopy"
></A
><B
>mcopy</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Copy MSDOS files to/from Unix.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="mdir"
></A
><B
>mdir</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Display an MSDOS directory.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="memusage"
></A
><B
>memusage</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Display memory usage, see <A
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_03"
>Section 4.3.5.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="memusagestat"
></A
><B
>memusagestat</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Display memory usage statistics, see <A
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_03"
>Section 4.3.5.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="mesg"
></A
><B
>mesg</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Control write access to your terminal, see <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_06"
>Section 4.1.6</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="mformat"
></A
><B
>mformat</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Add an MSDOS file system to a low-level formatted floppy disk, see <A
HREF="sect_09_02.html#sect_09_02_01_01"
>Section 9.2.1.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="mkbootdisk"
></A
><B
>mkbootdisk</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Creates a stand-alone boot floppy for the running system.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="mkdir"
></A
><B
>mkdir</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Create directory, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_02"
>Section 3.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="mkisofs"
></A
><B
>mkisofs</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Create a hybrid ISO9660 filesystem, see <A
HREF="sect_09_02.html#sect_09_02_02"
>Section 9.2.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="mplayer"
></A
><B
>mplayer</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Movie player/encoder for Linux, see <A
HREF="sect_11_02.html#sect_11_02_02"
>Section 11.2.2</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_11_02_04.html"
>Section 11.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="more"
></A
><B
>more</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Filter for displaying text one screen at the time, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_04_02"
>Section 3.3.4.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="mount"
></A
><B
>mount</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Mount a file system or display information about mounted file systems, see <A
HREF="sect_07_06.html#sect_07_06_05_01"
>Section 7.5.5.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="mozilla"
></A
><B
>mozilla</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Web browser, see <A
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_03_02"
>Section 10.2.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="mt"
></A
><B
>mt</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Control magnetic tape drive operation.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="mtr"
></A
><B
>mtr</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Network diagnostic tool.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="mv"
></A
><B
>mv</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Rename files, <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_02"
>Section 3.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="N"
></A
>N</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="named"
></A
><B
>named</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Internet domain name server, see <A
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_07"
>Section 10.3.7</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="nautilus"
></A
><B
>nautilus</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>File manager, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_02_01"
>Section 3.3.2.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ncftp"
></A
><B
>ncftp</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Browser program for ftp services (insecure!), see <A
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_04_02"
>Section 10.3.4.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="netstat"
></A
><B
>netstat</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multi-cast memberships, see <A
HREF="sect_10_01.html#sect_10_01_02_05"
>Section 10.1.2.5</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_02"
>Section 10.4.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="newgrp"
></A
><B
>newgrp</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Log in to another group, see <A
HREF="sect_03_04.html#sect_03_04_02_02"
>Section 3.4.2.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="nfsstat"
></A
><B
>nfsstat</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Print statistics about networked file systems.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="nice"
></A
><B
>nice</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Run a program with modified scheduling priority, see <A
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_01"
>Section 4.3.5.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="nmap"
></A
><B
>nmap</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Network exploration tool and security scanner.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ntpd"
></A
><B
>ntpd</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Network Time Protocol Daemon, see <A
HREF="sect_07_05.html#sect_07_05_03"
>Section 7.4.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ntpdate"
></A
><B
>ntpdate</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Set the date and time via an NTP server, see <A
HREF="sect_07_05.html#sect_07_05_03"
>Section 7.4.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ntsysv"
></A
><B
>ntsysv</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Simple interface for configuring run levels, see <A
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_05_01"
>Section 4.2.5.1</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="O"
></A
>O</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="ogle"
></A
><B
>ogle</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>DVD player with support for DVD menus, see <A
HREF="sect_11_02_04.html"
>Section 11.3</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="P"
></A
>P</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="passwd"
></A
><B
>passwd</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Change password, see <A
HREF="sect_02_02.html"
>Section 2.2</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_06"
>Section 4.1.6</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="pccardctl"
></A
><B
>pccardctl</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Manage PCMCIA cards, see <A
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_03_03"
>Section 10.2.3.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="pdf2ps"
></A
><B
>pdf2ps</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Ghostscript PDF to PostScript translator, see <A
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02"
>Section 8.1.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="perl"
></A
><B
>perl</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Practical Extraction and Report Language.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="pg"
></A
><B
>pg</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Page through text output, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_04_02"
>Section 3.3.4.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="pgrep"
></A
><B
>pgrep</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Look up processes based on name and other attributes, see <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_04"
>Section 4.1.4</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ping"
></A
><B
>ping</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Send echo request to a host, see <A
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_06_02"
>Section 10.2.6.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="play"
></A
><B
>play</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Play a sound sample, see <A
HREF="sect_11_02.html#sect_11_02_03"
>Section 11.2.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="pr"
></A
><B
>pr</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Convert text files for printing.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="printenv"
></A
><B
>printenv</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Print all or part of environment, see <A
HREF="sect_07_02.html#sect_07_02_1"
>Section 7.2.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="procmail"
></A
><B
>procmail</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Autonomous mail processor, see <A
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_02_03"
>Section 10.3.2.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ps"
></A
><B
>ps</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Report process status, see <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_04"
>Section 4.1.4</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_04"
>Section 4.3.5.4</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="pstree"
></A
><B
>pstree</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Display a tree of processes, see <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_04"
>Section 4.1.4</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="pwd"
></A
><B
>pwd</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Print present working directory, see <A
HREF="sect_02_02.html"
>Section 2.2</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="Q"
></A
>Q</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="quota"
></A
><B
>quota</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Display disk usage and limits, see <A
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_03_03"
>Section 3.2.3.3</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="R"
></A
>R</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="rcp"
></A
><B
>rcp</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Remote copy (unsafe!)</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="rdesktop"
></A
><B
>rdesktop</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Remote Desktop Protocol client, see <A
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_06"
>Section 10.4.6</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="reboot"
></A
><B
>reboot</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Stop the system, see <A
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_06"
>Section 4.2.6</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="recode"
></A
><B
>recode</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Convert files to another character set, see <A
HREF="sect_07_05.html#sect_07_05_04"
>Section 7.4.4</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="renice"
></A
><B
>renice</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Alter priority of a running process, see <A
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_01"
>Section 4.3.5.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="restore"
></A
><B
>restore</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Restore backups made with <B
CLASS="command"
>dump</B
>, see <A
HREF="sect_09_02.html#sect_09_02_05"
>Section 9.2.5</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="rlogin"
></A
><B
>rlogin</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Remote login (telnet, insecure!), see <A
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_02"
>Section 10.4.2</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_10_06.html#sect_10_06_02"
>Section 10.5.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="rm"
></A
><B
>rm</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Remove a file, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_02"
>Section 3.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="rmdir"
></A
><B
>rmdir</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Remove a directory, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_02_03"
>Section 3.3.2.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="roff"
></A
><B
>roff</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>A survey of the roff typesetting system, see <A
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02"
>Section 8.1.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="rpm"
></A
><B
>rpm</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>RPM Package Manager, see <A
HREF="sect_07_06.html#sect_07_06_02_01"
>Section 7.5.2.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="rsh"
></A
><B
>rsh</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Remote shell (insecure!), see <A
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_02"
>Section 10.4.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="rsync"
></A
><B
>rsync</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Synchronize two directories, see <A
HREF="sect_09_03.html"
>Section 9.3</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="S"
></A
>S</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="scp"
></A
><B
>scp</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Secure remote copy, see <A
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_04_01"
>Section 10.4.4.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="screen"
></A
><B
>screen</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Screen manager with VT100 emulation, see <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_02_01"
>Section 4.1.2.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="set"
></A
><B
>set</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Display, set or change variable.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="setterm"
></A
><B
>setterm</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Set terminal attributes.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="sftp"
></A
><B
>sftp</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Secure (encrypted) ftp, see and <A
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_04_01"
>Section 10.4.4.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="sh"
></A
><B
>sh</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Open a standard shell, see <A
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_03_02"
>Section 3.2.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="shutdown"
></A
><B
>shutdown</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Bring the system down, see <A
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_06"
>Section 4.2.6</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="sleep"
></A
><B
>sleep</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Wait for a given period, see <A
HREF="sect_04_04.html#sect_04_04_01"
>Section 4.4.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="slocate"
></A
><B
>slocate</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Security Enhanced version of the GNU Locate, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_03_03"
>Section 3.3.3.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="slrnn"
></A
><B
>slrnn</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>text mode Usenet client, see <A
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_06"
>Section 10.2.6</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="snort"
></A
><B
>snort</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Network intrusion detection tool.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="sort"
></A
><B
>sort</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Sort lines of text files, see <A
HREF="sect_05_03.html#sect_05_03_02"
>Section 5.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="spell"
></A
><B
>spell</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Spell checker, see <A
HREF="sect_05_01.html#sect_05_01_02_03"
>Section 5.1.2.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ssh"
></A
><B
>ssh</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Secure shell, see <A
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_04_01"
>Section 10.4.4.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ssh-keygen"
></A
><B
>ssh-keygen</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Authentication key generation, management and conversion, see <A
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_04_05"
>Section 10.4.4.5</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="stty"
></A
><B
>stty</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Change and print terminal line settings.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="su"
></A
><B
>su</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Switch user, see <A
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_01"
>Section 3.2.1</A
>, <A
HREF="sect_07_06.html#sect_07_06_03_02"
>Section 7.5.3.2</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_06"
>Section 10.4.6</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="T"
></A
>T</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="tac"
></A
><B
>tac</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Concatenate and print files in reverse, see <A
HREF="gloss.html#cat"
><I
CLASS="glossterm"
>cat</I
></A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="tail"
></A
><B
>tail</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Output the last part of files, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_04_03"
>Section 3.3.4.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="talk"
></A
><B
>talk</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Talk to a user.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="tar"
></A
><B
>tar</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Archiving utility, see <A
HREF="sect_09_01.html#sect_09_01_01_01"
>Section 9.1.1.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="tcsh"
></A
><B
>tcsh</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Open a Turbo C shell, see <A
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_03_02"
>Section 3.2.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="telinit"
></A
><B
>telinit</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Process control initialization, see <A
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_05"
>Section 4.2.5</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="telnet"
></A
><B
>telnet</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>User interface to the TELNET protocol (insecure!), see <A
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_02"
>Section 10.4.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="tex"
></A
><B
>tex</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Text formatting and typesetting, see <A
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02"
>Section 8.1.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="time"
></A
><B
>time</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Time a simple command or give resource usage, see <A
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_02"
>Section 4.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="tin"
></A
><B
>tin</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>News reading program, see <A
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_06"
>Section 10.2.6</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="top"
></A
><B
>top</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Display top CPU processes, see <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_04"
>Section 4.1.4</A
>, <A
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_03"
>Section 4.3.5.3</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_04"
>Section 4.3.5.4</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="touch"
></A
><B
>touch</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Change file timestamps, see <A
HREF="sect_07_01.html#sect_07_01_02"
>Section 7.1.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="traceroute"
></A
><B
>traceroute</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Print the route packets take to network host, see <A
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_06_03"
>Section 10.2.6.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="tripwire"
></A
><B
>tripwire</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>A file integrity checker for UNIX systems, see <A
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_05"
>Section 10.4.5</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="troff"
></A
><B
>troff</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Format documents, see <A
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02"
>Section 8.1.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="tvtime"
></A
><B
>tvime</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>A high quality television application.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="twm"
></A
><B
>twm</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Tab Window Manager for the X Window System.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="U"
></A
>U</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="ulimit"
></A
><B
>ulimit</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Controll resources, see <A
HREF="sect_07_01.html#sect_07_01_02_05"
>Section 7.1.2.5</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="umask"
></A
><B
>umask</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Set user file creation mask, see <A
HREF="sect_03_04.html#sect_03_04_02_02"
>Section 3.4.2.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="umount"
></A
><B
>umount</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Unmount a file system.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="uncompress"
></A
><B
>uncompress</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Decompress compressed files.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="uniq"
></A
><B
>uniq</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Remove duplicate lines from a sorted file, see <A
HREF="sect_05_03.html#sect_05_03_02"
>Section 5.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="up2date"
></A
><B
>up2date</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Update RPM packages, see <A
HREF="sect_07_06.html#sect_07_06_03_03"
>Section 7.5.3.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="update"
></A
><B
>update</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Kernel daemon to flush dirty buffers back to disk.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="update-rc.d"
></A
><B
>update-rc.d</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Configure init scripts, see <A
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_05_01"
>Section 4.2.5.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="uptime"
></A
><B
>uptime</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Display system uptime and average load, see <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_04"
>Section 4.1.4</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_02"
>Section 4.3.5.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="urpmi"
></A
><B
>urpmi</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Update RPM packages, see <A
HREF="sect_07_06.html#sect_07_06_03_03"
>Section 7.5.3.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="userdel"
></A
><B
>userdel</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Delete a user account and related files.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="V"
></A
>V</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="vi"
></A
><B
>vi(m)</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Start the vi (improved) editor, see <A
HREF="sect_06_01.html#sect_06_01_02_03"
>Section 6.1.2.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="vimtutor"
></A
><B
>vimtutor</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>The Vim tutor.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="vmstat"
></A
><B
>vmstat</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Report virtual memory statistics, see <A
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_04"
>Section 4.3.5.4</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="W"
></A
>W</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="w"
></A
><B
>w</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Show who is logged on and what they are doing.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="wall"
></A
><B
>wall</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Send a message to everybody's terminal, see <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_06"
>Section 4.1.6</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="wc"
></A
><B
>wc</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Print the number of bytes, words and lines in files, see <A
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_01"
>Section 3.2.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="which"
></A
><B
>which</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Shows the full path of (shell) commands, see <A
HREF="sect_03_02.html#sect_03_02_01"
>Section 3.2.1</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_03_02"
>Section 3.3.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="who"
></A
><B
>who</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Show who is logged on, see <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_06"
>Section 4.1.6</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="whoami"
></A
><B
>who am i</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Print effective user ID.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="whois"
></A
><B
>whois</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Query a whois or nicname database, see <A
HREF="sect_10_02.html#sect_10_02_06_04"
>Section 10.2.6.4</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="write"
></A
><B
>write</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Send a message to another user, see <A
HREF="sect_04_01.html#sect_04_01_06"
>Section 4.1.6</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="X"
></A
>X</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="xargs"
></A
><B
>xargs</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Build and execute command lines from standard input, see <A
HREF="sect_03_03.html#sect_03_03_03_03"
>Section 3.3.3.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="xauth"
></A
><B
>xauth</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>X authority file utility.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="xawtv"
></A
><B
>xawtv</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>An X11 program for watching TV.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="xcdroast"
></A
><B
>xcdroast</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Graphical front end to cdrecord, see <A
HREF="sect_09_02.html#sect_09_02_02"
>Section 9.2.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="xclock"
></A
><B
>xclock</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Analog/digital clock for X.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="xconsole"
></A
><B
>xconsole</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Monitor system console messages with X.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="xdm"
></A
><B
>xdm</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>X Display Manager with support for XDMCP, host chooser, see <A
HREF="sect_04_02.html#sect_04_02_04"
>Section 4.2.4</A
> and <A
HREF="sect_07_03.html#sect_07_03_02"
>Section 7.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="xdvi"
></A
><B
>xdvi</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>DVI viewer, see <A
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02_02"
>Section 8.1.2.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="xedit"
></A
><B
>xedit</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>X Window graphical editor, see <A
HREF="sect_06_03.html#sect_06_03_03_03"
>Section 6.3.3.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="xfs"
></A
><B
>xfs</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>X font server.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="xhost"
></A
><B
>xhost</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Server access control program for X, see <A
HREF="sect_10_05.html#sect_10_05_03_02"
>Section 10.4.3.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="xine"
></A
><B
>xine</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>A free video player, see <A
HREF="sect_11_02_04.html"
>Section 11.3</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="xinetd"
></A
><B
>xinetd</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>The extended Internet services daemon, see <A
HREF="sect_10_04.html#sect_10_04_01_02"
>Section 10.3.1.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="xload"
></A
><B
>xload</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>System load average display for X, see <A
HREF="sect_04_03.html#sect_04_03_05_06"
>Section 4.3.5.6</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="xlsfonts"
></A
><B
>xlsfonts</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Server font list displayer for X.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="xmms"
></A
><B
>xmms</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Audio player for X, see <A
HREF="sect_11_02.html#sect_11_02_02_01"
>Section 11.2.2.1</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="xpdf"
></A
><B
>xpdf</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>PDF viewer, see <A
HREF="sect_08_01.html#sect_08_01_02_02"
>Section 8.1.2.2</A
>.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="xterm"
></A
><B
>xterm</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Terminal emulator for X.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="Y"
></A
>Y</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="yast"
></A
><B
>yast</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>System administration tool on Novell SuSE Linux.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="yum"
></A
><B
>yum</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Update RPM packages, see <A
HREF="sect_07_06.html#sect_07_06_03_03"
>Section 7.5.3.3</A
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="Z"
></A
>Z</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="zapping"
></A
><B
>zapping</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>A TV viewer for the Gnome environment.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="zcat"
></A
><B
>zcat</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Compress or expand files.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="zgrep"
></A
><B
>zgrep</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Search possibly compressed files for a regular expression.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="zmore"
></A
><B
>zmore</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Filter for viewing compressed text.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
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