2960 lines
28 KiB
HTML
2960 lines
28 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML
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><HEAD
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><TITLE
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>Commands</TITLE
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><META
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NAME="GENERATOR"
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CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK
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REL="HOME"
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TITLE="Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide"
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HREF="index.html"><LINK
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REL="PREVIOUS"
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TITLE="Recess Time"
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HREF="recess-time.html"><LINK
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REL="NEXT"
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TITLE="Internal Commands and Builtins"
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HREF="internal.html"></HEAD
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><BODY
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CLASS="PART"
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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TEXT="#000000"
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LINK="#0000FF"
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VLINK="#840084"
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ALINK="#0000FF"
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><DIV
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CLASS="NAVHEADER"
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><TABLE
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SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
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WIDTH="100%"
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BORDER="0"
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CELLPADDING="0"
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CELLSPACING="0"
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><TR
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><TH
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COLSPAN="3"
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ALIGN="center"
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>Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide: </TH
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="recess-time.html"
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ACCESSKEY="P"
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>Prev</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="80%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="internal.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="PART"
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><A
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NAME="PART4"
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></A
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><DIV
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CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
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><H1
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CLASS="TITLE"
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>Part 4. Commands</H1
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><DIV
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CLASS="PARTINTRO"
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><A
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NAME="AEN7439"
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></A
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><P
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><A
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NAME="PART4A"
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></A
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></P
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><P
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>Mastering the commands on your Linux machine is an indispensable
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prelude to writing effective shell scripts.</P
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><P
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>This section covers the following commands:</P
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><P
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></P
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><UL
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="special-chars.html#DOTREF"
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>.</A
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>
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(See also <A
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HREF="internal.html#SOURCEREF"
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>source</A
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>)</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="system.html#ACREF"
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>ac</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="system.html#USERADDREF"
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>adduser</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="system.html#AGETTYREF"
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>agetty</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="textproc.html#AGREPREF"
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>agrep</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="filearchiv.html#ARREF"
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>ar</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="system.html#ARCHREF"
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>arch</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="timedate.html#ATREF"
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>at</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="x9644.html#AUTOLOADREF"
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>autoload</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="awk.html#AWKREF"
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>awk</A
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>
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(See also <A
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HREF="mathc.html#AWKMATH"
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>Using
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<B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>awk</B
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> for
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math operations</A
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>)</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="system.html#BADBLOCKSREF"
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>badblocks</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="extmisc.html#BANNERREF"
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>banner</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="filearchiv.html#BASENAMEREF"
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>basename</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="timedate.html#BATCHREF"
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>batch</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="mathc.html#BCREF"
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>bc</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="x9644.html#BGREF"
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>bg</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="internal.html#BINDREF"
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>bind</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="textproc.html#BISONREF"
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>bison</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="x9644.html#BLTREF"
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>builtin</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="textproc.html#BZGREPREF"
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>bzgrep</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="filearchiv.html#BZIPREF"
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>bzip2</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="timedate.html#CALREF"
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>cal</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="internal.html#CALLERREF"
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>caller</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="basic.html#CATREF"
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>cat</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="internal.html#CDREF"
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>cd</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="basic.html#CHATTRREF"
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>chattr</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="communications.html#CHFNREF"
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>chfn</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="system.html#CHGRPREF"
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>chgrp</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="system.html#CHKCONFIGREF"
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>chkconfig</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="basic.html#CHMODREF"
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>chmod</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="system.html#CHOWNREF"
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>chown</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="system.html#CHROOTREF"
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>chroot</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="filearchiv.html#CKSUMREF"
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>cksum</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="terminalccmds.html#CLEARREF"
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>clear</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="timedate.html#CLOCKREF"
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>clock</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="filearchiv.html#CMPREF"
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>cmp</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="textproc.html#COLREF"
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>col</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="textproc.html#COLRMREF"
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>colrm</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="textproc.html#COLUMNREF"
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>column</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="filearchiv.html#COMMREF"
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>comm</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="x9644.html#COMMANDREF"
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>command</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="tabexpansion.html#COMPGENREF"
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>compgen</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="tabexpansion.html#COMPLETEREF"
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>complete</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="filearchiv.html#COMPRESSREF"
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>compress</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="bashver4.html#COPROCREF"
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>coproc</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="basic.html#CPREF"
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>cp</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
|
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><A
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HREF="filearchiv.html#CPIOREF"
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>cpio</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="system.html#CRONREF"
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>cron</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="filearchiv.html#CRYPTREF"
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>crypt</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="filearchiv.html#CSPLITREF"
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>csplit</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="communications.html#CUREF"
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>cu</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="textproc.html#CUTREF"
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>cut</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="timedate.html#DATEREF"
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>date</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="mathc.html#DCREF"
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>dc</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="extmisc.html#DDREF"
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>dd</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="system.html#DEBUGFSREF"
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>debugfs</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="declareref.html"
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>declare</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="system.html#DEPMODREF"
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>depmod</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="system.html#DFREF"
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>df</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
|
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><A
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HREF="assortedtips.html#DIALOGREF"
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>dialog</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
|
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><A
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HREF="filearchiv.html#DIFFREF"
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>diff</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
|
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><A
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HREF="filearchiv.html#DIFF3REF"
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>diff3</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="filearchiv.html#DIFFSTATREF"
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>diffstat</A
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></P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="communications.html#DIGREF"
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>dig</A
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></P
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></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
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|
HREF="filearchiv.html#DIRNAMEREF"
|
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>dirname</A
|
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></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
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|
><P
|
|
><A
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|
HREF="internal.html#DIRSD"
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>dirs</A
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></P
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></LI
|
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><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
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|
HREF="x9644.html#DISOWNREF"
|
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>disown</A
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></P
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|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#DMESGREF"
|
|
>dmesg</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html#DOEXECREF"
|
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>doexec</A
|
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></P
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></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#DOS2UNIXREF"
|
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>dos2unix</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#DUREF"
|
|
>du</A
|
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></P
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|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#DUMPREF"
|
|
>dump</A
|
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></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#DUMPE2FSREF"
|
|
>dumpe2fs</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#E2FSCKREF"
|
|
>e2fsck</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#ECHOREF"
|
|
>echo</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#EGREPREF"
|
|
>egrep</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="x9644.html#ENABLEREF"
|
|
>enable</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#ENSCRIPTREF"
|
|
>enscript</A
|
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></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#ENVVREF"
|
|
>env</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#EQNREF"
|
|
>eqn</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#EVALREF"
|
|
>eval</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#EXECREF"
|
|
>exec</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#EXITREF"
|
|
>exit</A
|
|
>
|
|
(Related topic: <A
|
|
HREF="exit-status.html#EXITSTATUSREF"
|
|
>exit
|
|
status</A
|
|
>)</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#EXPANDREF"
|
|
>expand</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#EXPORTREF"
|
|
>export</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="moreadv.html#EXPRREF"
|
|
>expr</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="mathc.html#FACTORREF"
|
|
>factor</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#FALSEREF"
|
|
>false</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#FDFORMATREF"
|
|
>fdformat</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#FDISKREF"
|
|
>fdisk</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="x9644.html#FGREF"
|
|
>fg</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#FGREPREF"
|
|
>fgrep</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#FILEREF"
|
|
>file</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="moreadv.html#FINDREF"
|
|
>find</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#FINGERREF"
|
|
>finger</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#FLEXREF"
|
|
>flex</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#FLOCKREF"
|
|
>flock</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#FMTREF"
|
|
>fmt</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#FOLDREF"
|
|
>fold</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#FREEREF"
|
|
>free</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#FSCKREF"
|
|
>fsck</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#FTPREF"
|
|
>ftp</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#FUSERREF"
|
|
>fuser</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#GETFACLREF"
|
|
>getfacl</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html#GETOPTY"
|
|
>getopt</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#GETOPTSX"
|
|
>getopts</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#GETTEXTREF"
|
|
>gettext</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#GETTYREF"
|
|
>getty</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#GNOMEMOUNTREF"
|
|
>gnome-mount</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#GREPREF"
|
|
>grep</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#GROFFREF"
|
|
>groff</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#GROUPMODREF"
|
|
>groupmod</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#GROUPSCMDREF"
|
|
>groups</A
|
|
>
|
|
(Related topic: the <A
|
|
HREF="internalvariables.html#GROUPSREF"
|
|
>$GROUPS</A
|
|
>
|
|
variable)</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#GSREF"
|
|
>gs</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#GZIPREF"
|
|
>gzip</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#HALTREF"
|
|
>halt</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#HASHCMDREF"
|
|
>hash</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#HDPARMREF"
|
|
>hdparm</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#HEADREF"
|
|
>head</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#HELPREF"
|
|
>help</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html#HEXDUMPREF"
|
|
>hexdump</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#HOSTREF"
|
|
>host</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#HOSTIDREF"
|
|
>hostid</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#HNAMEREF"
|
|
>hostname</A
|
|
>
|
|
(Related topic: the <A
|
|
HREF="internalvariables.html#HOSTNAMEREF"
|
|
>$HOSTNAME</A
|
|
>
|
|
variable)</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="timedate.html#HWCLOCKREF"
|
|
>hwclock</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#ICONVREF"
|
|
>iconv</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#IDREF"
|
|
>id</A
|
|
>
|
|
(Related topic: the <A
|
|
HREF="internalvariables.html#UIDREF"
|
|
>$UID</A
|
|
>
|
|
variable)</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#IFCONFIGREF"
|
|
>ifconfig</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="basic.html#INFOREF"
|
|
>info</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="terminalccmds.html#INFOCMPREF"
|
|
>infocmp</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#INITREF"
|
|
>init</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#INSMODREF"
|
|
>insmod</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#INSTALLREF"
|
|
>install</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#IPREF"
|
|
>ip</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#IPCALCREF"
|
|
>ipcalc</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#IPTABLESREF"
|
|
>iptables</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#IWCONFIGREF"
|
|
>iwconfig</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="x9644.html#JOBSREF"
|
|
>jobs</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#JOINREF"
|
|
>join</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html#JOTREF"
|
|
>jot</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="x9644.html#KILLREF"
|
|
>kill</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="x9644.html#KILLALLREF"
|
|
>killall</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#LASTREF"
|
|
>last</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#LASTCOMMREF"
|
|
>lastcomm</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#LASTLOGREF"
|
|
>lastlog</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#LDDREF"
|
|
>ldd</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#LESSREF"
|
|
>less</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#LETREF"
|
|
>let</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#LEXREF"
|
|
>lex</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#LIDREF"
|
|
>lid</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="basic.html#LINKREF"
|
|
>ln</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#LOCATEREF"
|
|
>locate</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#LOCKFILEREF"
|
|
>lockfile</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#LOGGERREF"
|
|
>logger</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#LOGNAMEREF"
|
|
>logname</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="x9644.html#LOGOUTREF"
|
|
>logout</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#LOGROTATEREF"
|
|
>logrotate</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#LOOKREF"
|
|
>look</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#LOSETUPREF"
|
|
>losetup</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html#LPREF"
|
|
>lp</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="basic.html#LSREF"
|
|
>ls</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#LSDEVREF"
|
|
>lsdev</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#LSMODREF"
|
|
>lsmod</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#LSOFREF"
|
|
>lsof</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#LSPCIREF"
|
|
>lspci</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#LSUSBREF"
|
|
>lsusb</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#LTRACEREF"
|
|
>ltrace</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#LYNXREF"
|
|
>lynx</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#LZMAREF"
|
|
>lzcat</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#LZMAREF"
|
|
>lzma</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html#M4REF"
|
|
>m4</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#COMMMAIL1"
|
|
>mail</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#MAILSTATSREF"
|
|
>mailstats</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#MAILTOREF"
|
|
>mailto</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#MAKEREF"
|
|
>make</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#MAKEDEVREF"
|
|
>MAKEDEV</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="basic.html#MANREF"
|
|
>man</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="bashver4.html#MAPFILEREF"
|
|
>mapfile</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html#MCOOKIEREF"
|
|
>mcookie</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#MD5SUMREF"
|
|
>md5sum</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#MERGEREF"
|
|
>merge</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#MESGREF"
|
|
>mesg</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#MIMENCODEREF"
|
|
>mimencode</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#MKBOOTDISKREF"
|
|
>mkbootdisk</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="basic.html#MKDIRREF"
|
|
>mkdir</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#MKDOSFSREF"
|
|
>mkdosfs</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#MKE2FSREF"
|
|
>mke2fs</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html#MKFIFOREF"
|
|
>mkfifo</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#MKISOFSREF"
|
|
>mkisofs</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#MKNODREF"
|
|
>mknod</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#MKSWAPREF"
|
|
>mkswap</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#MKTEMPREF"
|
|
>mktemp</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#MMENCODEREF"
|
|
>mmencode</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#MODINFOREF"
|
|
>modinfo</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#MODPROBEREF"
|
|
>modprobe</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#MOREREF"
|
|
>more</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#MOUNTREF"
|
|
>mount</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#MSGFMTREF"
|
|
>msgfmt</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="basic.html#MVREF"
|
|
>mv</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#NCREF"
|
|
>nc</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#NETCONFIGREF"
|
|
>netconfig</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#NETSTATREF"
|
|
>netstat</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#NEWGRPREF"
|
|
>newgrp</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#NICEREF"
|
|
>nice</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#NLREF"
|
|
>nl</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#NMREF"
|
|
>nm</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#NMAPREF"
|
|
>nmap</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#NOHUPREF"
|
|
>nohup</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#NSLOOKUPREF"
|
|
>nslookup</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html#OBJDUMPREF"
|
|
>objdump</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html#ODREF"
|
|
>od</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#OPENSSLREF"
|
|
>openssl</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#PASSWDREF"
|
|
>passwd</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#PASTEREF"
|
|
>paste</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#PATCHREF"
|
|
>patch</A
|
|
>
|
|
(Related topic: <A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#DIFFREF"
|
|
>diff</A
|
|
>)</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html#PATHCHKREF"
|
|
>pathchk</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#PAXREF"
|
|
>pax</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#PGREPREF"
|
|
>pgrep</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#PIDOFREF"
|
|
>pidof</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#PINGREF"
|
|
>ping</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#PKILLREF"
|
|
>pkill</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#DIRSD"
|
|
>popd</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#PRREF"
|
|
>pr</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html#PRINTENVREF"
|
|
>printenv</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#PRINTFREF"
|
|
>printf</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#PROCINFOREF"
|
|
>procinfo</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#PPSSREF"
|
|
>ps</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#PSTREEREF"
|
|
>pstree</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#PTXREF"
|
|
>ptx</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#DIRSD"
|
|
>pushd</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#PWD2REF"
|
|
>pwd</A
|
|
>
|
|
(Related topic: the <A
|
|
HREF="internalvariables.html#PWDREF"
|
|
>$PWD</A
|
|
>
|
|
variable)</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#QUOTAREF"
|
|
>quota</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#RCPREF"
|
|
>rcp</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#RDEVREF"
|
|
>rdev</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#RDISTREF"
|
|
>rdist</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#READREF"
|
|
>read</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#READELFREF"
|
|
>readelf</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#READLINKREF"
|
|
>readlink</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#READONLYREF"
|
|
>readonly</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#REBOOTREF"
|
|
>reboot</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#RECODEREF"
|
|
>recode</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#NICE2REF"
|
|
>renice</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="terminalccmds.html#RESETREF"
|
|
>reset</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="terminalccmds.html#RESIZEREF"
|
|
>resize</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#RESTOREREF"
|
|
>restore</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="basic.html#REVREF"
|
|
>rev</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#RLOGINREF"
|
|
>rlogin</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="basic.html#RMREF"
|
|
>rm</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="basic.html#RMDIRREF"
|
|
>rmdir</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#RMMODREF"
|
|
>rmmod</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#ROUTEREF"
|
|
>route</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#RPMREF"
|
|
>rpm</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#RPM2CPIOREF"
|
|
>rpm2cpio</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#RSHREF"
|
|
>rsh</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#RSYNCREF"
|
|
>rsync</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#RUNLEVELREF"
|
|
>runlevel</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html#RUNPARTSREF"
|
|
>run-parts</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#RXREF"
|
|
>rx</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#RZREF"
|
|
>rz</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#SARREF"
|
|
>sar</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#SCPREF"
|
|
>scp</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="terminalccmds.html#SCRIPTREF"
|
|
>script</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#SDIFFREF"
|
|
>sdiff</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="sedawk.html#SEDREF"
|
|
>sed</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html#SEQREF"
|
|
>seq</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#SERVICEREF"
|
|
>service</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#SETREF"
|
|
>set</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#SETFACLREF"
|
|
>setfacl</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#SETQUOTAREF"
|
|
>setquota</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#SETSERIALREF"
|
|
>setserial</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#SETTERMREF"
|
|
>setterm</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#SHA1SUMREF"
|
|
>sha1sum</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#SHARREF"
|
|
>shar</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#SHOPTREF"
|
|
>shopt</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#SHREDREF"
|
|
>shred</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#SHUTDOWNREF"
|
|
>shutdown</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#SIZEREF"
|
|
>size</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#NICE2REF"
|
|
>skill</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="timedate.html#SLEEPREF"
|
|
>sleep</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#SLOCATEREF"
|
|
>slocate</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#NICE2REF"
|
|
>snice</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#SORTREF"
|
|
>sort</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#SOURCEREF"
|
|
>source</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html#SOXREF"
|
|
>sox</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#SPLITREF"
|
|
>split</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#SQREF"
|
|
>sq</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#SSHREF"
|
|
>ssh</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#STATREF"
|
|
>stat</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#STRACEREF"
|
|
>strace</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#STRINGSREF"
|
|
>strings</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#STRIPREF"
|
|
>strip</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#STTYREF"
|
|
>stty</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#SUREF"
|
|
>su</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#SUDOREF"
|
|
>sudo</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#SUMREF"
|
|
>sum</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="x9644.html#SUSPENDREF"
|
|
>suspend</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#SWAPONREF"
|
|
>swapoff</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#SWAPONREF"
|
|
>swapon</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#RXREF"
|
|
>sx</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#SYNCREF"
|
|
>sync</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#RZREF"
|
|
>sz</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="basic.html#CATREF"
|
|
>tac</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#TAILREF"
|
|
>tail</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#TARREF"
|
|
>tar</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#TBLREF"
|
|
>tbl</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#TCPDUMPREF"
|
|
>tcpdump</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html#TEEREF"
|
|
>tee</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#TELINITREF"
|
|
>telinit</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#TELNETREF"
|
|
>telnet</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#TEXREF"
|
|
>Tex</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#TEXEXECREF"
|
|
>texexec</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="timedate.html#TIMREF"
|
|
>time</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="x9644.html#TIMESREF"
|
|
>times</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#TMPWATCHREF"
|
|
>tmpwatch</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#TOPREF"
|
|
>top</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="timedate.html#TOUCHREF"
|
|
>touch</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="terminalccmds.html#TPUTREF"
|
|
>tput</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#TRREF"
|
|
>tr</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#TRACEROUTEREF"
|
|
>traceroute</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#TRUEREF"
|
|
>true</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#TSETREF"
|
|
>tset</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#TSORTREF"
|
|
>tsort</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#TTYREF"
|
|
>tty</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#TUNE2FSREF"
|
|
>tune2fs</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#TYPEREF"
|
|
>type</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="declareref.html"
|
|
>typeset</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#ULIMITREF"
|
|
>ulimit</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#UMASKREF"
|
|
>umask</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#UMOUNTREF"
|
|
>umount</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#UNAMEREF"
|
|
>uname</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#UNARCREF"
|
|
>unarc</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#UNARCREF"
|
|
>unarj</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#UNCOMPRESSREF"
|
|
>uncompress</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#EXPANDREF"
|
|
>unexpand</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#UNIQREF"
|
|
>uniq</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html#UNITSREF"
|
|
>units</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#LZMAREF"
|
|
>unlzma</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#UNARCREF"
|
|
>unrar</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html#UNSETREF"
|
|
>unset</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#SQREF"
|
|
>unsq</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#ZIPREF"
|
|
>unzip</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#UPTIMEREF"
|
|
>uptime</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#LSUSBREF"
|
|
>usbmodules</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#USERADDREF"
|
|
>useradd</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#USERADDREF"
|
|
>userdel</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#USERMODREF"
|
|
>usermod</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#USERSREF"
|
|
>users</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="timedate.html#USLEEPREF"
|
|
>usleep</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#UUCPREF"
|
|
>uucp</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#UUDECODEREF"
|
|
>uudecode</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#UUENCODEREF"
|
|
>uuencode</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#UUXREF"
|
|
>uux</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#VACATIONREF"
|
|
>vacation</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#VDIRREF"
|
|
>vdir</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#VMSTATREF"
|
|
>vmstat</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#VRFYREF"
|
|
>vrfy</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#WREF"
|
|
>w</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="x9644.html#WAITREF"
|
|
>wait</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#WALLREF"
|
|
>wall</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#WATCHREF"
|
|
>watch</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#WCREF"
|
|
>wc</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#WGETREF"
|
|
>wget</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#WHATISREF"
|
|
>whatis</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#WHEREISREF"
|
|
>whereis</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#WHICHREF"
|
|
>which</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#WHOREF"
|
|
>who</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#WHOAMIREF"
|
|
>whoami</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#WHOISREF"
|
|
>whois</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="communications.html#WRITEREF"
|
|
>write</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="moreadv.html#XARGSREF"
|
|
>xargs</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="system.html#XRANDRREF"
|
|
>xrandr</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#XZREF"
|
|
>xz</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#YACCREF"
|
|
>yacc</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
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|
><A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html#YESREF"
|
|
>yes</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#ZCATREF"
|
|
>zcat</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#ZDIFFREF"
|
|
>zdiff</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="timedate.html#ZDUMPREF"
|
|
>zdump</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#ZEGREPREF"
|
|
>zegrep</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#ZEGREPREF"
|
|
>zfgrep</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html#ZEGREPREF"
|
|
>zgrep</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html#ZIPREF"
|
|
>zip</A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
></UL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="TOC"
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
><B
|
|
>Table of Contents</B
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>15. <A
|
|
HREF="internal.html"
|
|
>Internal Commands and Builtins</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
>15.1. <A
|
|
HREF="x9644.html"
|
|
>Job Control Commands</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
>16. <A
|
|
HREF="external.html"
|
|
>External Filters, Programs and Commands</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
>16.1. <A
|
|
HREF="basic.html"
|
|
>Basic Commands</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>16.2. <A
|
|
HREF="moreadv.html"
|
|
>Complex Commands</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>16.3. <A
|
|
HREF="timedate.html"
|
|
>Time / Date Commands</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>16.4. <A
|
|
HREF="textproc.html"
|
|
>Text Processing Commands</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>16.5. <A
|
|
HREF="filearchiv.html"
|
|
>File and Archiving Commands</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>16.6. <A
|
|
HREF="communications.html"
|
|
>Communications Commands</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>16.7. <A
|
|
HREF="terminalccmds.html"
|
|
>Terminal Control Commands</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>16.8. <A
|
|
HREF="mathc.html"
|
|
>Math Commands</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DT
|
|
>16.9. <A
|
|
HREF="extmisc.html"
|
|
>Miscellaneous Commands</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
>17. <A
|
|
HREF="system.html"
|
|
>System and Administrative Commands</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
>17.1. <A
|
|
HREF="sysscripts.html"
|
|
>Analyzing a System Script</A
|
|
></DT
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
></DIV
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
|
><HR
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
|
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
BORDER="0"
|
|
CELLPADDING="0"
|
|
CELLSPACING="0"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="left"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="recess-time.html"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|
>Prev</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="34%"
|
|
ALIGN="center"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="index.html"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="H"
|
|
>Home</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="right"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="internal.html"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|
>Next</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="left"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
>Recess Time</TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="34%"
|
|
ALIGN="center"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
> </TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="right"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
>Internal Commands and Builtins</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
></DIV
|
|
></BODY
|
|
></HTML
|
|
> |