433 lines
8.0 KiB
HTML
433 lines
8.0 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML
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><HEAD
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><TITLE
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>Small Space</TITLE
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><META
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NAME="GENERATOR"
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CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK
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REL="HOME"
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TITLE="Linux on the Road"
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HREF="index.html"><LINK
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REL="UP"
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TITLE="Dealing with Limited Resources or Tuning the System"
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HREF="mobile-guide-a5-limited-resources.html"><LINK
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REL="PREVIOUS"
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TITLE="Introduction"
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HREF="mobile-guide-p6a5s2-introduction.html"><LINK
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REL="NEXT"
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TITLE="Hard Disk Speed"
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HREF="mobile-guide-p6a5s4-harddisk-speed.html"></HEAD
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><BODY
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CLASS="sect1"
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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TEXT="#000000"
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LINK="#0000FF"
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VLINK="#840084"
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ALINK="#0000FF"
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><DIV
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CLASS="NAVHEADER"
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><TABLE
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SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
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WIDTH="100%"
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BORDER="0"
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CELLPADDING="0"
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CELLSPACING="0"
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><TR
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><TH
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COLSPAN="3"
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ALIGN="center"
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>Linux on the Road: </TH
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="mobile-guide-p6a5s2-introduction.html"
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ACCESSKEY="P"
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>Prev</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="80%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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>Appendix E. Dealing with Limited Resources or Tuning the System</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="mobile-guide-p6a5s4-harddisk-speed.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect1"
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><H1
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CLASS="sect1"
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><A
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NAME="mobile-guide-p6a5s3-small-space"
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></A
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>E.3. Small Space</H1
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect2"
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><H2
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CLASS="sect2"
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><A
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NAME="AEN5169"
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></A
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>E.3.1. Introduction</H2
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><P
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> There are different types of techniques to gain more disk space, such as
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sharing of space, freeing unused or redundant space, filesystem tuning
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and compression. Note: some of these techniques use memory instead of disk
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space. As you will see, there are many small steps necessary to free
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some space.
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect2"
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><H2
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CLASS="sect2"
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><A
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NAME="AEN5172"
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></A
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>E.3.2. Techniques</H2
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><P
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>
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<P
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></P
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><OL
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TYPE="1"
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><LI
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><P
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> Stripping: Though many distributions come with stripped binaries today
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it is useful to check this. For details see <B
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CLASS="command"
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>man
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strip</B
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>. To find every unstripped file you can use the
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<B
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CLASS="command"
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>file</B
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> command or more convenient the tool
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<B
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CLASS="command"
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>findstrip</B
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>. Attention: don't strip libraries,
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sometimes the wrong symbols are removed due to a bad programming
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technique. Or use the <B
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CLASS="command"
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>--strip-unneeded</B
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> option.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Perforation: <B
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CLASS="command"
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>zum(1)</B
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> reads a file list on stdin and
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attempts to perforate these files. Perforation means, that series of
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null bytes are replaced by <B
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CLASS="command"
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>lseek</B
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>, thus giving the
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file system a chance of not allocating real disk space for those bytes.
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Example: <B
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CLASS="command"
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>find . -type f | xargs zum</B
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>
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Remove Odd Files and Duplicates: Check your system for core files, emacs
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recovery files <#FILE#> vi recovery files <FILE>.swp, RPM
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recovery files <FILE>.rpmorig and <B
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CLASS="command"
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>patch</B
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>
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recovery files. Find duplicates, you may try <B
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CLASS="command"
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>finddup</B
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>.
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Choose a system to name your backup, temporary and test files, e.g. with
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a signature at the end.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Clean Temporary Files: , e.g. <TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>/tmp</TT
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>, there is even a
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tool <B
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CLASS="command"
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>tmpwatch</B
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>.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Shorten the Log Files: usually the files in <TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>/var/log</TT
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>.
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You may use <B
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CLASS="command"
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>logrotate</B
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> to achieve this task.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Remove Files: Remove files which are not "necessary" under all
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circumstances such as man pages, documentation
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<TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>/usr/doc</TT
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> and sources e.g.
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<TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>/usr/src</TT
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> .
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Unnecessary Libraries: You may use the <B
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CLASS="command"
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>binstats</B
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>
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package to find unused libraries (Thanks to Tom Ed White).
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Filesystem: Choose a filesystem which treats disk space economically
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e.g. <B
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CLASS="command"
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>rsfs</B
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>. Tune your filesystem e.g.
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<B
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CLASS="command"
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>tune2fs</B
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>. Choose an appropriate partition and block
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size.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Reduce Kernel Size: Either by using only the necessary kernel features
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and/or making a compressed kernel image <B
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CLASS="command"
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>bzImage</B
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>.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Compression: I didn't check this but as far as I know you may compress
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your filesystem with <B
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CLASS="command"
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>gzip</B
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> and decompress it on the
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fly. Alternatively you may choose to compress only certain files. You
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can even execute compressed files with <B
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CLASS="command"
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>zexec</B
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>
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Compressed Filesystems:
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- For e2fs filesystems there is a compression version available
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<A
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HREF="http://e2compr.sourceforge.net/"
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TARGET="_top"
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>e2compr</A
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>.
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</P
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><P
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> - <A
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HREF="http://cmp.felk.cvut.cz/~pisa/dmsdos/"
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TARGET="_top"
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>DMSDOS</A
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>
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which enables your machine to access Windows95 compressed drives
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(drivespace, doublestacker). If you don't need DOS/Windows95
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compatibility, i.e. if you want to compress Linux-only data, this is
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really discouraged by the author of the program.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Partition Sharing: You may share swap-space (see
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<A
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HREF="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Swap-Space.html"
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TARGET="_top"
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>Swap-Space-HOWTO</A
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>) or
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data partitions between different OS (see <B
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CLASS="command"
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>mount</B
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>).
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For mounting MS-DOS Windows95 compressed drives (doublespace,
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drivespace) you may use <B
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CLASS="command"
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>dmsdos</B
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>
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<A
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HREF="http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/filesystems/dosfs/"
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TARGET="_top"
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>dosfs/</A
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>
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.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Libraries: Take another (older) library, for instance
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<B
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CLASS="command"
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>libc5</B
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> , this library seems to be smaller than
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<B
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CLASS="command"
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>libc6</B
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> also known as <B
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CLASS="command"
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>glibc2</B
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> .
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Kernel: If your needs are fitted with an older kernel version, you can
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save some space.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> GUI: Avoid as much Graphical User Interface (GUI) as possible.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Tiny Distributions: There are some distributions available which fit
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from one 3.5" floppy to 10MB disk space and fit for small memories, too. See
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<A
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HREF="mobile-guide-a1-other-operating-systems.html"
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>Appendix A</A
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> Appendix D
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and below.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> External Storage Devices (Hard Disks, ZIP Drives, NFS, SAMBA): Since
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many notebooks may be limited in their expandability, using the parallel
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port is an attractive option. There are external hard disks and ZIP
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Drives available. Usually they are also connectable via
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<SPAN
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CLASS="acronym"
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>PCMCIA</SPAN
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>. Another way is using the resources of another
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machine through NFS or SAMBA etc.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Purging of uneeded locales:
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<B
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CLASS="command"
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>localepurge</B
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> for Debian
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is just a simple script to recover disk space wasted for unneeded
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locale files and localized man pages. Depending on your installation, it
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is possible to save some 200, 300, or even more megabytes of disk space
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usually dedicated for locales you'll probably never have any usage for.
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</P
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></LI
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></OL
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>
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</P
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></DIV
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
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SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
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WIDTH="100%"
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BORDER="0"
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CELLPADDING="0"
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CELLSPACING="0"
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="mobile-guide-p6a5s2-introduction.html"
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ACCESSKEY="P"
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>Prev</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="34%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="index.html"
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ACCESSKEY="H"
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>Home</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="mobile-guide-p6a5s4-harddisk-speed.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="top"
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>Introduction</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="34%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="mobile-guide-a5-limited-resources.html"
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ACCESSKEY="U"
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>Up</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="top"
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>Hard Disk Speed</TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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></DIV
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></BODY
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></HTML
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> |