966 lines
17 KiB
HTML
966 lines
17 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML
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><HEAD
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><TITLE
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>E-Mail</TITLE
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><META
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NAME="GENERATOR"
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CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK
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REL="HOME"
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TITLE="Linux on the Road"
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HREF="index.html"><LINK
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REL="UP"
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TITLE="Different Environments"
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HREF="mobile-guide-p5c1-different-environments.html"><LINK
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REL="PREVIOUS"
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TITLE="Configuration Tools"
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HREF="mobile-guide-p5c1s2-configuration-tools.html"><LINK
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REL="NEXT"
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TITLE="Data Transport Between Different Machines (Synchronization)"
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HREF="mobile-guide-p5c1s3-data-transport.html"></HEAD
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><BODY
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CLASS="sect1"
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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TEXT="#000000"
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LINK="#0000FF"
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VLINK="#840084"
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ALINK="#0000FF"
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><DIV
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CLASS="NAVHEADER"
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><TABLE
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SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
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WIDTH="100%"
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BORDER="0"
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CELLPADDING="0"
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CELLSPACING="0"
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><TR
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><TH
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COLSPAN="3"
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ALIGN="center"
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>Linux on the Road: </TH
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="mobile-guide-p5c1s2-configuration-tools.html"
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ACCESSKEY="P"
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>Prev</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="80%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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>Chapter 15. Different Environments</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="mobile-guide-p5c1s3-data-transport.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect1"
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><H1
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CLASS="sect1"
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><A
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NAME="mobile-guide-p5c1s3-e-mail"
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></A
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>15.3. E-Mail</H1
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect2"
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><H2
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CLASS="sect2"
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><A
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NAME="AEN4067"
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></A
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>15.3.1. Introduction</H2
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><P
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> A short introduction about how to setup email on a laptop used at home
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(dial-up) and work (ethernet) by Peter Englmaier <ppe_AT_pa.uky.edu>:
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</P
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect3"
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><H3
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CLASS="sect3"
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><A
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NAME="AEN4070"
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></A
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>15.3.1.1. Features</H3
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><P
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> As a laptop user, I have special demands for my email setup. The setup
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described below, enables me to:
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</P
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><P
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>
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<P
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></P
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><UL
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><LI
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><P
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> Read my email from <EM
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>home</EM
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> using a POP email server,
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which is supplied by my university, but could also be setup on a
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<EM
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>work</EM
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> place computer.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Write email from home with the <EM
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>right</EM
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> return address
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in the email (which does not mention my computer name).
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Read/write my email while working on a workstation without access to my
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laptop or the POP email server (as a backup).
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Read my email while working on my laptop connected to the ethernet of
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our institut.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Direct email while connected via ethernet (faster than the fetchmail
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method).
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Indirect email (over pop mail server) while not connected to the
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ethernet at work (either at home via modem or somewhere else via
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ethernet).
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Use any emailer, e.g. <B
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CLASS="command"
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>elm</B
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> or the simple
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<B
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CLASS="command"
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>mail</B
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> command.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Sort incoming email, delete spam, split email-collections (digests)
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into seperate emails
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</P
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></LI
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></UL
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>
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</P
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><P
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> The configuration is based on <B
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CLASS="command"
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>sendmail</B
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>,
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<B
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CLASS="command"
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>fetchmail</B
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>, and a <EM
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>remote pop
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account</EM
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> for email.
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect3"
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><H3
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CLASS="sect3"
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><A
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NAME="AEN4100"
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></A
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>15.3.1.2. Configuration of sendmail</H3
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><P
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> This is the most complicated part. Having installed the
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<B
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CLASS="command"
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>sendmail-cf</B
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> package, I created a file named
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<TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>/usr/lib/sendmail-cf/laptop.mc</TT
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>:
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</P
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><P
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>
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="programlisting"
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> divert(-1)
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include(`../m4/cf.m4')
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define(`confDEF_USER_ID',''8:12'')
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define(`confBIND_OPTS',`-DNSRCH -DEFNAMES')
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# here you define your domain
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define(`confDOMAIN_NAME',''pa.uky.edu'')
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OSTYPE(`linux')
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undefine(`UUCP_RELAY')
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undefine(`BITNET_RELAY')
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# there we send outgoing email
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define(`SMART_HOST',`server1.pa.uky.edu')
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# there we send mail to users my laptop does not know
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define(`LUSER_RELAY',`server1.pa.uky.edu')
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# again the domain, we want to be seen as
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MASQUERADE_AS(pa.uky.edu)
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FEATURE(allmasquerade)
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FEATURE(nouucp)
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FEATURE(nodns)
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FEATURE(nocanonify)
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FEATURE(redirect)
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FEATURE(always_add_domain)
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FEATURE(use_cw_file)
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FEATURE(local_procmail)
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MAILER(procmail)
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MAILER(smtp)
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HACK(check_mail3,`hash -a@JUNK /etc/mail/deny')
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HACK(use_ip,`/etc/mail/ip_allow')
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HACK(use_names,`/etc/mail/name_allow')
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HACK(use_relayto,`/etc/mail/relay_allow')
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HACK(check_rcpt4)
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HACK(check_relay3)
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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><P
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> This looks more complicated as it is. All it does is, that it redirectes
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outbound mail to server1 (SMART_HOST) and also mail for local users
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which are not known (LUSER_RELAY). That way, I can write email to my
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colleques without using their full email address. More important: the
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From line in my email points back to my MASQUARADE_AS domain and not
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directly to my laptop. If this where not the case, email returned with
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the <EM
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>reply</EM
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> button might not reach me. You must
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restart <B
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CLASS="command"
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>sendmail</B
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> for changes to take effect. Note:
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this configuration is for Redhat 5.2 systems. You may have to change
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some details.
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</P
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><P
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> Now, all what is needed is to generate the <TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>/etc/sendmail.cf
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</TT
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>file <B
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CLASS="command"
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>m4 laptop.mc >/etc/sendmail.cf</B
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> and
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to add all possible domain names my laptop should respond to in
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<TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>/etc/sendmail.cw</TT
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>:
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</P
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><P
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>
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="programlisting"
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> # sendmail.cw - include all aliases for your machine here.
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laptop
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laptop.pa.uky.edu
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128.17.18.30
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guest1
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guest1.somewhere.org
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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><P
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> It is important to have all aliases in this file, otherwise
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<B
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CLASS="command"
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>sendmail</B
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> will not accept the mail (and will reply
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<EM
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>we don't relay</EM
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> to the sender). Finally, you must
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now test the setup by sending email, replying to mail for all possible
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configurations. Any missconfiguration can result in loss of email.
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect3"
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><H3
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CLASS="sect3"
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><A
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NAME="AEN4119"
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></A
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>15.3.1.3. Configuration for fetchmail on Laptop</H3
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><P
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> One method to get the email into your machine is through
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<B
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CLASS="command"
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>fetchmail</B
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>. Fetchmail periodically checks for new
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email at one or more remote mail servers. I use the following fetchmail
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configuration file (in my user home directory):
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<TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>fetchmailrc</TT
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>
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</P
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><P
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>
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="programlisting"
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> set postmaster "myusername"
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set daemon 900
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poll pop.uky.edu with proto POP3
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user "mypopusername" there with password "mypoppassword" is mylaptopusername here
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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><P
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> Fetchmail will just get the email and send it to
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<B
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CLASS="command"
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>sendmail</B
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> which will it deliver into your
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<TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>/var/spool/mail/$USER</TT
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> file.
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect3"
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><H3
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CLASS="sect3"
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><A
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NAME="AEN4129"
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></A
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>15.3.1.4. Forward E-Mail to the Laptop</H3
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><P
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> On my work station I have the following <TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>.forward</TT
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>
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file:
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</P
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><P
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>
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="programlisting"
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> me@pop.acount.edu,me@server1
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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><P
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> Here server1 is the machine where I keep my mailbox. All email is send
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to the pop account to be picked up later by my laptop (using
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<B
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CLASS="command"
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>fetchmail</B
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>). However, when my laptop is connected via
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ethernet, I want my email to go directly to the laptop, instead of pop:
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</P
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><P
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>
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="programlisting"
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> me@laptop,me@server1
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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><P
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> In both cases, a backup of my email is send to server1 (where I also can
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read it, in case I cannot get my laptop). I keep/store all email on the
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laptop.
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</P
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><P
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> Switching is done by three script files and a crontab file (on the
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workstation):
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</P
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><P
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> <TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>forward_pop</TT
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>
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</P
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><P
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>
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="programlisting"
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> #!/bin/sh
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echo "me@pop.acount.edu,me@server1" > ${HOME}/.forward
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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><P
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> <TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>forward_laptop</TT
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>
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</P
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><P
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>
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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|
COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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|
CLASS="programlisting"
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> #!/bin/sh
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echo "ppe@laptop,ppe@server1" > ${HOME}/.forward
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crontab ${HOME}/mycrontab
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${HOME}/utl/check_laptop
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</PRE
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></FONT
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|
></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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><P
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|
> <TT
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|
CLASS="filename"
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|
>check_laptop</TT
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>
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</P
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><P
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|
>
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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|
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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|
COLOR="#000000"
|
|
><PRE
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|
CLASS="programlisting"
|
|
> #!/bin/sh
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if /usr/sbin/ping -c 1 laptop >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then
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:
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else
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# redirect mail to pop
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${HOME}/utl/forward_pop
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sleep 10
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if /usr/sbin/ping -c 1 laptop >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then
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# back to normal
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${HOME}/utl/forward_laptop
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else
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# deactivate crontab check
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/bin/crontab -l | grep -v check_laptop >${HOME}/tmp/mycrontab.tmp
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/bin/crontab ${HOME}/tmp/mycrontab.tmp
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rm -f ${HOME}/tmp/mycrontab.tmp
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fi
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fi
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</PRE
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|
></FONT
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|
></TD
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|
></TR
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|
></TABLE
|
|
>
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</P
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><P
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> <TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>mycrontab</TT
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>
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</P
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><P
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>
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
|
|
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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|
WIDTH="100%"
|
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="programlisting"
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|
> # mycrontab
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0,10,20,30,40,50 * * * * ${HOME}/utl/check_laptop
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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|
>
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|
|
|
</P
|
|
><P
|
|
> Each time I connect the laptop to the ethernet, I have to run
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<B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>forward_laptop</B
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|
>, and each time I disconnect I run
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forward_pop. In case I forget to run <B
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|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>forward_pop</B
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|
>, the
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crontab job runs it for me less then 10 minutes later. To do all that
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|
automatically, I change the network script files on my laptop as
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follows:
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|
</P
|
|
><P
|
|
> <TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>/sbin/ifdown</TT
|
|
> (this script runs, whenever a network
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device is stopped, new stuff between BEGIN and END)
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</P
|
|
><P
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>
|
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<TABLE
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BORDER="0"
|
|
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
><FONT
|
|
COLOR="#000000"
|
|
><PRE
|
|
CLASS="programlisting"
|
|
> ...
|
|
fi
|
|
# BEGIN new stuff
|
|
# turn off forwarding email
|
|
mail ppe <<EOF
|
|
turning off forwarding email
|
|
device = ${DEVICE}
|
|
hostname = `hostname`
|
|
EOF
|
|
if [ "${DEVICE}" = "eth0" -a "`hostname`"
|
|
= "laptop" ]; then
|
|
su -lc "ssh -l myusername server1
|
|
utl/forward_pop" myusername >& /dev/null
|
|
fi
|
|
# END new stuff
|
|
|
|
ifconfig ${DEVICE} down
|
|
exec /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post $CONFIG
|
|
</PRE
|
|
></FONT
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
</P
|
|
><P
|
|
> Note, that the script checks for the value of hostname. In case, I am
|
|
connected to a foreign ethernet, my hostname and ip-address will be
|
|
something else, e.g. guest1.
|
|
</P
|
|
><P
|
|
> <TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post</TT
|
|
> (this
|
|
script is run, whenever a network device is started)
|
|
</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>
|
|
<TABLE
|
|
BORDER="0"
|
|
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
><FONT
|
|
COLOR="#000000"
|
|
><PRE
|
|
CLASS="programlisting"
|
|
> # Notify programs that have requested notification
|
|
do_netreport
|
|
# BEGIN new stuff
|
|
# check for email -- I'm using fetchmail for this
|
|
if [ "${DEVICE}" = "eth0" -o "${DEVICE}"
|
|
= "ppp0" ]; then
|
|
su -lc fetchmail myusername >& /dev/null &
|
|
fi
|
|
# set clock if connected to ethernet, redirect email
|
|
if [ "${DEVICE}" = "eth0" -a "`hostname`" = "zaphod" ]; then
|
|
( rdate -s server1 ; hwclock --systohc --utc ) >& /dev/null &
|
|
# forward email
|
|
su -lc "ssh -l myusername gradj utl/forward_laptop" myusername >& /dev/null &
|
|
fi
|
|
# END new stuff
|
|
|
|
exit 0
|
|
</PRE
|
|
></FONT
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="sect3"
|
|
><H3
|
|
CLASS="sect3"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="AEN4169"
|
|
></A
|
|
>15.3.1.5. Processing Incoming E-Mail with procmail</H3
|
|
><P
|
|
> This step is completely optional. The above described sendmail
|
|
configuration calls <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>procmail</B
|
|
> for each received email,
|
|
but you could have called <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>procmail</B
|
|
> using the
|
|
<B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>.forward</B
|
|
> file (see the procmail man page). Procmail
|
|
is a handy tool to block spam and to sort incoming email.
|
|
</P
|
|
><P
|
|
> You need to setup a <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>.procmailrc</B
|
|
> file to use
|
|
<B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>procmail</B
|
|
>. See the man page for procmail, procmailrc,
|
|
and procmailex (examples). My setup demonstrates, how to ignore certain
|
|
email messages and split email-collections (digest) into pieces:
|
|
</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>
|
|
<TABLE
|
|
BORDER="0"
|
|
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
><FONT
|
|
COLOR="#000000"
|
|
><PRE
|
|
CLASS="programlisting"
|
|
> # -- mail filtering -- procmail is called by sendmail --
|
|
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
|
|
MAILDIR=$HOME/Mail
|
|
LOGFILE=$MAILDIR/from
|
|
# keep in mind:
|
|
# use ":0:" when writing to a file
|
|
# use ":0" when writing to a device, e.g. /dev/null, or send email
|
|
|
|
# - make a backup of *all* incoming mail, but ignore mail tagged below -
|
|
:0 c:
|
|
*! ^Sissa-Repro
|
|
backup
|
|
|
|
# - keep only last 50 messages
|
|
:0 ic
|
|
| cd backup && rm -f dummy `ls -t msg.* | sed -e 1,50d`
|
|
|
|
# - delete email coming through the 'postdocs' email list, when
|
|
# it is not of any interest
|
|
:0
|
|
* ^From.*postdocs
|
|
* ^From.*Ernst Richter /dev/null :0
|
|
* ^From.*postdocs
|
|
* ^Subject.*card charge
|
|
/dev/null
|
|
# Split mailing list from the sissa preprint server into individual emails
|
|
# - this is quite complicated :( I can flip through the list much
|
|
# faster and ignore preprints which have uninteresting titles. Instead of
|
|
# having to browse through the whole list, my mailer will just present a
|
|
# list of papers.
|
|
# 1. split it in individual messages
|
|
:0
|
|
* ^From no-reply@xxx.lanl.gov
|
|
| formail +1 -de -A "Sissa-Repro: true" -s procmail
|
|
# 2. reformat messages a bit
|
|
# 2.1. extract 'Title:' from email-Body and add to email-header
|
|
as 'Subject:'
|
|
:0 b
|
|
* ^Sissa-Repro
|
|
*! ^Subject
|
|
TITLE=| formail -xTitle:
|
|
:0 a
|
|
|formail -A "Subject: $TITLE " -s procmail
|
|
|
|
# 2.2. store in my incoming sissa-email folder. Here, we could
|
|
# also reject (and thereafter delete) uninteresting 'Subjects'
|
|
# we could also mark more interesting subjects as urgend or send a copy
|
|
# to regular mail box.
|
|
:0:
|
|
* ^Sissa-Repro
|
|
* ^Subject
|
|
*! ^replaced with
|
|
sissa
|
|
</PRE
|
|
></FONT
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
</P
|
|
><P
|
|
> By the way, there is a <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>tk</B
|
|
> GUI tool to configure
|
|
<B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>procmail</B
|
|
> (I think it is called
|
|
<B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>dotfiles</B
|
|
>).
|
|
</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="sect2"
|
|
><H2
|
|
CLASS="sect2"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="AEN4184"
|
|
></A
|
|
>15.3.2. Email with UUCP</H2
|
|
><P
|
|
> Another possible solution for Email is to use UUCP. This software was
|
|
made for disconnected machines, and is by far the easiest solution if
|
|
you have several users on your laptop (we are talking about
|
|
<SPAN
|
|
CLASS="acronym"
|
|
>UNIX</SPAN
|
|
>, remember?), each with his/her own account.
|
|
</P
|
|
><P
|
|
> Unlike what most people think, UUCP does not need a serial
|
|
connection: it works fine over TCP/IP, so your UUCP partner can be
|
|
any machine on the Internet, if it is reachable from your network
|
|
attachment point. Here is the UUCP <TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>sys</TT
|
|
> for a
|
|
typical laptop:
|
|
|
|
<TABLE
|
|
BORDER="0"
|
|
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
><FONT
|
|
COLOR="#000000"
|
|
><PRE
|
|
CLASS="programlisting"
|
|
> system mylaptop
|
|
time any
|
|
chat "" \d\d\r\c ogin: \d\L word: \P
|
|
address uucp.mypartner.org
|
|
port TCP
|
|
</PRE
|
|
></FONT
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="sect2"
|
|
><H2
|
|
CLASS="sect2"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="AEN4191"
|
|
></A
|
|
>15.3.3. MailSync</H2
|
|
><P
|
|
> <A
|
|
HREF="http://mailsync.sourceforge.net/"
|
|
TARGET="_top"
|
|
>Mailsync</A
|
|
>
|
|
is a way of synchronizing a collection of mailboxes. The
|
|
algorithm is a 3-way diff. Two mailboxes are simultaneously compared to
|
|
a record of the state of both mailboxes at last sync. New messages and
|
|
message deletions are propagated between the two mailboxes. Mailsync
|
|
can synchronize local mailbox files in many formats and remote
|
|
mailboxes over IMAP, POP, and IMAPS.
|
|
</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
|
><HR
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
|
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
BORDER="0"
|
|
CELLPADDING="0"
|
|
CELLSPACING="0"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="left"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="mobile-guide-p5c1s2-configuration-tools.html"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|
>Prev</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
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WIDTH="34%"
|
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ALIGN="center"
|
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VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
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HREF="index.html"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="H"
|
|
>Home</A
|
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></TD
|
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><TD
|
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="right"
|
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VALIGN="top"
|
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><A
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HREF="mobile-guide-p5c1s3-data-transport.html"
|
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ACCESSKEY="N"
|
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>Next</A
|
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></TD
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></TR
|
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="top"
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>Configuration Tools</TD
|
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><TD
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WIDTH="34%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="mobile-guide-p5c1-different-environments.html"
|
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ACCESSKEY="U"
|
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>Up</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="top"
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>Data Transport Between Different Machines (Synchronization)</TD
|
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></TR
|
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></TABLE
|
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></DIV
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></BODY
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></HTML
|
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> |