992 lines
34 KiB
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992 lines
34 KiB
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<HTML><HEAD>
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<title>More 2-Cent Tips LG #93</title>
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</HEAD>
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<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#0000AF"
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ALINK="#FF0000">
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<A HREF="lg_mail.html"><< Prev</A> | <A HREF="index.html">TOC</A> | <A HREF="../index.html">Front Page</A> | <A HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/cgi-bin/talkback/all.py?site=LG&article=http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue93/lg_tips.html">Talkback</A> | <A HREF="../faq/index.html">FAQ</A> | <A HREF="lg_answer.html">Next >></A>
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<TABLE BORDER><TR><TD WIDTH="200">
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<A HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/">
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<IMG ALT="LINUX GAZETTE" SRC="../gx/2002/lglogo_200x41.png"
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WIDTH="200" HEIGHT="41" border="0"></A>
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<BR CLEAR="all">
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<SMALL>...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I></SMALL>
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</TD><TD WIDTH="380">
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<CENTER>
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<BIG><BIG><STRONG><FONT COLOR="maroon">More 2-Cent Tips</FONT></STRONG></BIG></BIG>
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</CENTER>
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</TD></TR>
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</TABLE>
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<P>
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<!-- END header -->
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<center><STRONG>See also: The Answer Gang's
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<a href="../tag/kb.html">Knowledge Base</a>
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and the <i>LG</i>
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<a href="http://www.linuxgazette.com/search.html">Search Engine</a></STRONG>
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</center><HR>
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<UL>
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<!-- index_text begins -->
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<li><A HREF="#tips.1"
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><strong>aptfetch with rate limiting (to 5K/s)</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips.2"
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><strong>download s/w ?</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips.3"
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><strong>how to download Suse Linux</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips.4"
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><strong>GIMP vs Photoshop - CMYK</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips.5"
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></a>Neighbour table overflow --or--
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<br><A HREF="#tips.5"
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><strong>There Goes the Neighbourhood: arpd to the Rescue</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips.6"
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></a>problems i have with Red Hat 7.3 --or--
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<br><A HREF="#tips.6"
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><strong>Out of Space and Other Errors</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips.7"
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><strong>filename.tar failing to untar</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips.8"
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><strong>LJWNN Tech Tips</strong></a>
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<!-- index_text ends -->
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</UL>
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<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
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<P> <A NAME="tips.1"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
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<FONT COLOR="navy">aptfetch with rate limiting (to 5K/s)</FONT></H3>
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Sat, 15 Mar 2003 12:54:17 -0800
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<BR> Jim Dennis (<a
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href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=star@starshine.org&cc=jimd@mars.starshine.org&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2093%5D%202c%20Tips%20%231">The <em>LG</em> Answer Guy</a>)
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<P>
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Here you go folks. This is a script to fetch a few things that apt s
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going to want to get - but at a badnwidth limited rate.
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</P>
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<p align="center">See attached <tt><a href="misc/tips/aptfetch.bash.txt">aptfetch.bash.txt</a></tt></p>
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<!-- end 1 -->
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<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
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<P> <A NAME="tips.2"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
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<FONT COLOR="navy">download s/w ?</FONT></H3>
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Thu, 10 Jul 2003 13:07:00 +0530
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<BR>J. BAKSHI (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=cave_man@hotpop.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2093%5D%202c%20Tips%20%232">cave_man from hotpop.com</a>)
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<br>Answer by several members of The Gang
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<P>
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Hi all,
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could any one plz suggest me a good download manager under linux ?
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</P>
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<P>
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thanks in advanced
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</P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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[Jason]
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wget
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
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height="24" width="20" align="middle">
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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Probably not what you meant.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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[Dan Wilder]
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Yes, if you could say a little more about what a "download manager"
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might look like. What would such a program do?
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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[Ashwin]
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I think he is looking for a program that can stop and continue download
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operations if the internet connection is cut and then restored.
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(These noisy phone lines in India
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<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
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height="24" width="20" align="middle">
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P><STRONG>
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yes Ashwin , this is also a function of download manager. but a download
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manager also helps to download the file (like cd image of debian) from the
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ftp server a little bit quick. I have come to know that <EM>prozilla</EM> is such a
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DM.
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</STRONG></P>
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<P><STRONG>
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thanks.
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</STRONG></P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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[Les Barron]
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d4x is an excellent program for the desktop it supports drag and drop
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ftp & http as well as resuming downloads it is also called nt which is
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the name used to call the program from an xterm, there are also several
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graphical ftp programs gftp for gnome, kbear for kde,there are others as
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well.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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[Dan]
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Sounds sort of like my noisy phone lines in Seattle. In a neighborhood
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where DSL will be available "not this year" according to the local phone
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company.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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I make a lot of use of the "wget" command-line utility which handles both
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ftp and http connections. From the man page:
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQuote>
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Wget has been designed for robustness over slow or unstable network
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connections; if a download fails due to a network problem, it will
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keep retrying until the whole file has been retrieved. If the
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server supports regetting, it will instruct the server to continue
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the download from where it left off.
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</BLOCKQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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Rsync is also your friend. Surprising how many places you can find
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an unpublicised rsync server parallel to a public FTP server, often
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at the same url. To find out:
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
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rsync some.domain.tld::
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</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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should return an rsync package list if there's an anon rsync server sitting
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there, a "failed to connect" message if not.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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[JimD]
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Note that rsync services are considerably more computationally
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intensive than HTTP, FTP, etc. Popular (read high volume) archive
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sites generally can't allow anonymous rsync (thus the emergence
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of BitTorrent for tremendously popular free files)
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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<A HREF="http://bitconjurer.org/BitTorrent"
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>http://bitconjurer.org/BitTorrent</A>
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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[Dan]
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The big advantage to rsync is its ability to re-download changed portions
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of files without downloading the whole thing. This can be an enormous
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boon in maintaining a mirror of a site over a slow or unreliable connection.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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[JimD]
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You can also consider ckermit (Columbia Kermit package for UNIX); which does
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work over TCP sessions, can act as a telnet client, can work over ssh
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connections, does very robust file transfers, and includes its own
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scripting language.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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However, in honesty I prefer ssh with rsync. However, I don't know
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just how bad these connections are.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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The real question is: what protocols do the far end(s) of these
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connections support and which are supported a utility or front end
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that the querent finds reasonable.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<!-- end 2 -->
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<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
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<P> <A NAME="tips.3"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
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<FONT COLOR="navy">how to download Suse Linux</FONT></H3>
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Sat, 12 Jul 2003 21:34:56 -0700 (PDT)
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<BR>Ken Robbins (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=gatliffe@yahoo.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2093%5D%202c%20Tips%20%233">gatliffe from yahoo.com</a>)
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<br>Answer by Niel and Chris of The Answer Gang
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<P>
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how do I download linux suse I went to the site but there a lot of
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files there I not know what one I need I have a 20gig hd as slave I
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not useing I want to put linux there I have a high speed internet
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</P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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[Neil Youngman]
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It's all in <A HREF="ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/suse/i386/current/README.FTP"
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>ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/suse/i386/current/README.FTP</A>
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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What's not clear?
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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[Chris G.]
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I bet Ken wants the ISO images. Do you think that's the case?
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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[Neil]
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It does say
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<blockQuote><ul>
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<LI>booting from CD
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Download the iso image boot/boot.iso and burn a CD with it.
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</ul></blockQuote>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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[Chris G.]
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Hmmm. I guess that the instructions are kind of clear. I have not done
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the ISO thing yet, so that's kind of new to me. I still use dialup at home.
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I just looked at a few sites (www.linuxiso.org, ftp.suse.com, etc.)
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They are quite clear about the installation. I noticed that <A HREF="http://www.suse.com/">SuSE</A> provides
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a live CD too.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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At my work (Motorola), they keep iso images of Linux, too. I was surprised
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that they have all of the disks for SuSE 7.x (yea - older stuff), as
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well as other distributions. That certainly would deal with my slow
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dialup. Our machines at work (the ones on the Internet) have CD writing
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capability too.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<blockquote><font color="#000066">Check the TAG Knowledgebase and you'll find more on burning CDs, as
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well... including under mswin, if that's where you're presently stuck.
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-- Heather</font></blockquote>
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<!-- end 3 -->
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<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
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<P> <A NAME="tips.4"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
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<FONT COLOR="navy">GIMP vs Photoshop - CMYK</FONT></H3>
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Tue, 24 Jun 2003 10:20:17 +0200 (CEST)
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<BR>Karl-Heinz Herrmann (<a
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href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=linux-questions-only@ssc.com,&cc=k.-h.herrmann@fz-juelich.de&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2093%5D%202c%20Tips%20%234">The Answer Gang</a>)
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<br>Answer by Ben Okopnik
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<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#006633"><EM>
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Photoshop can't even compete, although they've made some nice
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improvements in the recent years.
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</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
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<blockquote><font color="#000066">Photoshop has all these cool extra filter thingies you can buy in the
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store. I'm not sure that Kai Power Tools is the only package. Its
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strengths are rather different from the GIMP but I wouldn't say "can't
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compete". GIMP began aiming in Photoshop's direction, but the people
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who really use it took it to other places. So if Kai starts selling
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Kai's Power GIMP Fu, then we'll be winning the Oscar.
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-- Heather</font></blockquote>
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<P><STRONG>
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[K.-H.]
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a friend of mine is in print graphics and one <EM>major</EM> difference between
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photoshop and gimp is using CMYK (Cyan, magenta, yellow, kontrast=black) color
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space instead of RGB. RGB and CMYK can <EM>not</EM> be converted into each other
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easily -- there are corners of RGB which simply do not have a printable CMYK
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aequivalent (e.g. bright orange).
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</STRONG></P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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[Ben]
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The answer would seem to be "don't use bright orange."
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<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
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height="24" width="20" align="middle"> I haven't done
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anything with CMYK except when I was doing my own photo enlargement and
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printing, ages ago, but it seems to me that if it doesn't have some of
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the capabilities of RGB, that makes it a subset. Don't use what you
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don't need, and it'll all work - no?
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P><STRONG>
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[K.-H.]
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Hmm... it seems photoshop can show you all critical colors -- its not just
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orange, IIRC all corners of RGB space are a problem. Orange just stuck in my
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mind because a rather harmless looking bright orange is not printable in four
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color mode -- you need special colors for that.
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</STRONG></P>
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<P><STRONG>
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Photoshop also has plenty of little tools
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explicitly for print purpose, e.g. special color printing where you have to
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enlarge a lower layer a little so you don't get white if the printing machine
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shifts the two print colors slightly. In this case of custom print colors
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(not regular four color printing) photoshop can separate colors according to
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these defined extra colors instead of the regular CMYK.
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</STRONG></P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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[Ben]
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Oh, I'm sure that Photoshop has features which are not available in the
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GIMP. However, the converse is also true, and I'm sure that there are
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people working in GIMP who would be unable to switch to Photoshop.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P><STRONG>
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[K.-H.]
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Another one is color separation into "films", i.e. the four color channels
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which go on transparent film and will then be copied on the metal printing
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plates.
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</STRONG></P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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[Ben]
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Image -> Mode -> Decompose -> CMYK. It's that simple.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P><STRONG>
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[K.-H.]
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You never stop finding new thing in gimp -- so I'm not convinced this
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covers photoshop abilities.
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</STRONG></P>
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<P><STRONG>
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Mostly this is done in a "higher" layout program (quarkExpress, freehand) but
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Photoshop does support it too.
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</STRONG></P>
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<P><STRONG>
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The basic filter set and Fu-stuff in gimp is quite competitive. For print
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graphics the non existant CMYK mode is a clear "can't use gimp".
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</STRONG></P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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[Ben]
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It's true that there's no "direct" CMYK mode for initial images;
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however, you can still work with CMYK images as above. GIMP has
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surprising depth to it.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P><STRONG>
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[K.-H.]
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yes it has
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<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
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height="24" width="20" align="middle">
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</STRONG></P>
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<!-- end 4 -->
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<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
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<P> <A NAME="tips.5"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
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<FONT COLOR="navy">There Goes the Neighbourhood: arpd to the Rescue</FONT></H3>
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Sun, 27 Jul 2003 11:32:01 +0300
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<BR>Chapko Dmitrij (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=dima@tts.lt&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2093%5D%202c%20Tips%20%235">dima from tts.lt</a>)
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<br>Answer by Jim Dennis
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<!-- ::
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There Goes the Neighbourhood: arpd to the Rescue
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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:: -->
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<P><STRONG>
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I read <A HREF="http://tldp.org/LDP/LG/issue59/lg_answer59.html#tag/2"
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>http://tldp.org/LDP/LG/issue59/lg_answer59.html#tag/2</A>
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</STRONG></P>
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<P><STRONG>
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At me one network in which now 1400 devices. While them was less than
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1024 made the static table, now dynamic and periodically out the message
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" Neighbour table overflow ". It can is possible to correct something
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in a kernel?
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</STRONG></P>
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<P>
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If I'm reading this correctly: you have a LAN segment with about 1400
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(ethernet) devices on it. When you surpassed 1024 devices on the
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segment you started noticing errors regarding the Neighbour table
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overflow.
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</P>
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<P>
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The solution to this is to move ARP (address resolution protocol)
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handling out of the kernel and into user space. This involves two
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steps. Reconfigure your kernel with CONFIG_ARPD = y (You'll have to
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enabled the option to "Prompt for experimental features/drivers"
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near the top of your make menuconfig or make xconfig.
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</P>
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<P>
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Under: Code maturity level options --->
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</P>
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<blockquote><pre> [*] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers
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</pre></blockquote>
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<P>
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Then under: Networking options --->
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</P>
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<blockquote><pre> [*] IP: ARP daemon support (EXPERIMENTAL) (NEW)
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</pre></blockquote>
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<p>
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Then from the help text thereunder:
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</p>
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<TABLE WIDTH="95%" BORDER="1" BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC"><TR><TD>
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<p align="center">...............</p>
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<P>
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Normally, the kernel maintains an internal cache which maps IP
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addresses to hardware addresses on the local network, so that
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Ethernet/Token Ring/ etc. frames are sent to the proper address on
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the physical networking layer. For small networks having a few
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hundred directly connected hosts or less, keeping this address
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resolution (ARP) cache inside the kernel works well. However,
|
|
maintaining an internal ARP cache does not work well for very large
|
|
switched networks, and will use a lot of kernel memory if TCP/IP
|
|
connections are made to many machines on the network.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
If you say Y here, the kernel's internal ARP cache will never grow
|
|
to more than 256 entries (the oldest entries are expired in a LIFO
|
|
manner) and communication will be attempted with the user space ARP
|
|
daemon arpd. Arpd then answers the address resolution request either
|
|
from its own cache or by asking the net.
|
|
</P><p align="center">...............</p>
|
|
</TD></TR></TABLE>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Then you have to go fetch and install an ARP daemon. Under <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</A> that
|
|
would be as simple as:
|
|
apt-get -f install arpd
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 6 -->
|
|
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
|
<P> <A NAME="tips.6"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
<FONT COLOR="navy">Out of Space and Other Errors</FONT></H3>
|
|
Fri, 11 Jul 2003 15:27:34 +0800
|
|
<BR>Kamal Syah b. Mohd Sharif (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=kamal@centurysoftware.com.my&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2093%5D%202c%20Tips%20%237">kamal from centurysoftware.com.my</a>)
|
|
<br>Answer by Jim Dennis and Dan Wilder
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- ::
|
|
Out of Space and Other Errors
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
:: -->
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I'm having problems where I when I tried to view a file I got this error
|
|
message:
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
|
|
<pre><strong>E303: Unable to open swap file for "/tmp/ERRLOG", recovery impossible.
|
|
</strong></pre>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[Dan Wilder]
|
|
How did you try to view the file?
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[JimD]
|
|
Sounds like a vi/vim error message --- it's trying to create a
|
|
backup or recovery copy of the file.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I'm also having problems whereby I always got an error telling me that
|
|
no space left on device ... but when I look at my filesystems there are
|
|
actually lots of space available.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Regards
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[Dan]
|
|
What's the output from;
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
df
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
...look like? How about:
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
ls -ld /tmp
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
??
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
Please post the actual text of the error message, and tell us what you
|
|
were doing when you encountered the error.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[JimD]
|
|
Also check 'df -i' --- check the inode utilization. Basically it's
|
|
possible for a filesystem to be completely out of inodes even when
|
|
there's plenty of disk space available. That would happen on
|
|
filesystems with a very large number of tiny files (USENet news spools,
|
|
qmail-style maildir, and MH are examples of applications that generate
|
|
these sort of things).
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
Other possible causes:
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
|
|
<blockQuote><ul>
|
|
<LI>Make sure the filesystem is mounted read-write (rw).
|
|
|
|
<LI>Run fsck manually (boot into single user mode or from a BBC
|
|
or other rescue medium)
|
|
</ul></blockQuote>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
Some filesystems are set to remount in read-only mode if the kernel
|
|
(filesystem driver) detects errors while the system is up and running.
|
|
Other tune2fs settings are: "panic" and "continue" there are also
|
|
mount (<TT>/etc/fstab</TT>) options that relate to this "on-error" behavior.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
Check to see if you have quotas enabled and if the user in question has
|
|
them. Also check the reserved space settings reported by tune2fs since
|
|
it's possible (though extremely unlikely) that someone set that up to
|
|
reserve more than the usual 5%, and that configured it to reserve for
|
|
some user or group other than root). Other filesystems may have
|
|
alternatives to tune2fs (but tune2fs also works on ext3, of course).
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 7 -->
|
|
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
|
<P> <A NAME="tips.7"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
<FONT COLOR="navy">filename.tar failing to untar</FONT></H3>
|
|
Fri, 18 Jul 2003 11:05:52 -0700
|
|
<BR>Steven (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=steven@poiema.org&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2093%5D%202c%20Tips%20%238">steven from poiema.org</a>)
|
|
<br>Answer by Faber Fedor
|
|
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Hello
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I've been searching high and low for any information that might help me
|
|
restore from a backup tar file that is being difficult for some reason.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
The file is just your basic tar file without any compression.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[Faber Fedor]
|
|
Then that means the files that are in the tarball are 'simply'
|
|
concatenated (with some header information in between).
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Here is the command I'm typing:
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
|
|
<pre><strong>tar xvf 2003-07-17.tar
|
|
</strong></pre>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
And here is the last few lines from the result:
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
|
|
<pre><strong>/DP/
|
|
/DP/PDEF.DP000000
|
|
/DP/PDEF.DP010000
|
|
/DP/RDEF.DP010000
|
|
tar: Skipping to next header
|
|
tar: Error exit delayed from previous errors
|
|
[root@lucia root]#
|
|
</strong></pre>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Here is the version of tar we are running:
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
|
|
<pre><strong>tar (GNU tar) 1.13.25
|
|
</strong></pre>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
The filesize of the backup file is consistant with the other files that have
|
|
worked fine.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Does anyone know what options I have? Is there some way to look into
|
|
the file to see what may be wrong?
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Thanks so much in advance,
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Steven
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[Faber]
|
|
You don't say if the files are binary or not. I assume so. Either way,
|
|
you can use hexedit to view/edit the file, or maybe just vi/less to view
|
|
(NOT edit) the file, then compare this file to one that worked.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
Good luck!
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 8 -->
|
|
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
|
<P> <A NAME="tips.9"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
<FONT COLOR="navy">LJWNN Tech Tips</FONT></H3>
|
|
Mon, 27 Jan 2003 15:41:22 -0800
|
|
<BR>LJWNN (<a
|
|
href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=gazette@ssc.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2093%5D%202c%20Tips%20%239"><em>Linux
|
|
Journal</em> Weekly News Notes</a>)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h4 align="center"><br>Wireless but Wary - Print Safely
|
|
</h4>
|
|
<P>
|
|
If your main home network is a wireless network, you don't want to
|
|
wake up in the morning and find some joker has printed many pages of
|
|
stuff to your networked printer. Put the printer on a wired, private
|
|
network segment, and print to it with ssh.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
To do this, install this script as lpr on your wirelessly connected
|
|
laptop:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
away from your e-mail. You can see who received your message with
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>vacation -l | cut -d ' ' -f 1 - > people_who_got_vacation_message
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<HR width="10%" align="center">
|
|
<h4 align="center"><br>Spring Cleaning For Continuous Upgrades
|
|
</h4>
|
|
<P>
|
|
If you have an easy-to-upgrade Linux system, you end up with a system
|
|
that's been upgraded many times instead of backed up and reinstalled.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
To get rid of all the unused libraries from your <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</A> system, try
|
|
the deborphan utility:
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.tribe.eu.org/deborphan"
|
|
>http://www.tribe.eu.org/deborphan</A>
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
or, of course:
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>apt-get install deborphan
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
It finds all the libraries that no longer have anything
|
|
depending on them.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
To purge unused libraries, simply do this:
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>deborphan | sudo xargs apt-get -y --purge remove
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<HR width="10%" align="center">
|
|
<h4 align="center"><br>Faster Web Service? Use that CPU
|
|
</h4>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Want to make your web server faster without getting a faster
|
|
connection? All common browsers will transparently download content
|
|
with gzip compression, but your out-of-the-box <A HREF="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</A> probably doesn't
|
|
have mod_gzip installed and turned on. Get the source from:
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.schroepl.net/projekte/mod_gzip"
|
|
>http://www.schroepl.net/projekte/mod_gzip</A>
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
...and add the following lines to your httpd.conf to turn it on:
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>LoadModule gzip_module /usr/lib/apache/1.3/mod_gzip.so
|
|
|
|
mod_gzip_on Yes
|
|
mod_gzip_maximum_file_size 0
|
|
mod_gzip_keep_workfiles No
|
|
mod_gzip_temp_dir /tmp
|
|
mod_gzip_item_include mime ^text/.*
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
We don't use it for images, which are already compressed, but it
|
|
compresses most of the HTML pages on one test server by 50 to 80
|
|
percent.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<HR width="10%" align="center">
|
|
<h4 align="center"><br>Cure Num Lock Madness
|
|
</h4>
|
|
<P>
|
|
When you boot Linux, the kernel turns off Num Lock by default. This
|
|
isn't a problem if, for you, the numeric keypad is the no-man's-land
|
|
between the cursor keys and the mouse. But if you're an accountant, or
|
|
setting up a system for an accountant, you probably don't want to turn
|
|
it on every single time.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Here's the easy way, if you're using <A HREF="http://www.kde.org/">KDE</A>. Go to K --> Preferences -->
|
|
Peripherals --> Keyboard and select the Advanced tab. Select the radio
|
|
button of your choice under NumLock on KDE startup and click OK.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
If you only run KDE and want Num Lock on when you start a KDE session,
|
|
you're done. Otherwise, read on.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
To set Num Lock on in a virtual console, use:
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>setleds +num
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
If you choose to put this in a .bashrc file to set Num Lock when you
|
|
log in, make it:
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>setleds +num &> /dev/null
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
...to suppress the error message you'll get if you try it in an xterm or
|
|
over an SSH connection.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Finally, here's the way to hit this problem with a big hammer--make
|
|
the numeric keypad always work as a numeric keypad in X, no matter
|
|
what Num Lock says. This will make them never work as cursor keys, but
|
|
you're fine with that because you have cursor keys, right? Create a
|
|
file called .Xmodmap in your home directory, and insert these lines:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P><BLOCKQuote>
|
|
(from a Usenet post by Yvan Loranger:
|
|
<A HREF="http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&selm=3BFD087F.2000300%40iquebec.com&rnum=3"
|
|
>http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&selm=3BFD087F.2000300%40iquebec.com&rnum=3</A>+)
|
|
</BLOCKQuote></P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Dramatis personae
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><code><font color="#000033"><br> dmarti: example user name
|
|
<br> bilbo: your desktop system
|
|
<br> frodo: host running sshd
|
|
<br> linuxjournal.com: some web site
|
|
</font></code></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Port forwarding also is called tunneling, so I'll call the key
|
|
"tunnel". cd to your .ssh directory and create the key:
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>dmarti@bilbo:~/.ssh$ ssh-keygen -t dsa -f tunnel
|
|
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
|
|
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
|
|
Enter same passphrase again:
|
|
Your identification has been saved in tunnel.
|
|
Your public key has been saved in tunnel.pub.
|
|
The key fingerprint is:
|
|
77:b4:02:d9:32:c2:cc:18:58:c3:23:0a:13:46:a7:fa dmarti@capsicum
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Now edit tunnel.pub and add the following options to the beginning of
|
|
the line:
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>command="/bin/false",no-X11-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,no-pty
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
That means this key is no longer any good for anything but port
|
|
forwarding, because the only command it will run is <TT>/bin/false</TT>, and it
|
|
won't forward X or agent commands.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
sshd understands the options only when reading the key from
|
|
authorized_keys, but if you put the options into the original .pub
|
|
file, they'll stay with the key wherever it goes.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Now copy tunnel.pub to the end of your .ssh/authorized_keys at all the
|
|
hosts to which you want to tunnel, and try it:
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>dmarti@bilbo:~$ ssh -i ~/.ssh/tunnel frodo
|
|
Connection to zork.net closed.
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
No errors, nothing runs; that's what you want. If you get errors, you
|
|
may have mangled the authorized_keys file on the server end; if you
|
|
get a shell you need to check and fix the options.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Another possibility is that if you're running with ssh-agent and have
|
|
the SSH_AUTH_SOCK environment variable set, you could be using a key
|
|
provided by ssh-agent instead of the one on the command line. Put env
|
|
-u in front of the command line to be sure not to use the agent.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Tunnel time! Let's use the long-suffering linuxjournal.com web server
|
|
as a guinea pig and make a tunnel:
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>dmarti@bilbo:~$ ssh -i ~/.ssh/tunnel -N -L 8000:linuxjournal.com:80 frodo
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
To review that command line:
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockQuote><ul>
|
|
<LI>-i ~/.ssh/tunnel to use our tunnel-only ssh key
|
|
|
|
<LI>-N to not run a command (this is necessary, otherwise SSH will run
|
|
only /bin/false and exit)
|
|
|
|
<LI>-L 8000:linuxjournal.com:80 to forward local port 8000 to port 80
|
|
on linuxjournal.com.
|
|
|
|
<LI>And finally, the hostname to which we're making the connection--it
|
|
doesn't have to be the same as the host to which we're tunneling.
|
|
</ul></blockQuote>
|
|
<HR width="10%" align="center">
|
|
<h4 align="center"><br>Snip those extra quotes with vim
|
|
</h4>
|
|
<P>
|
|
It's always inconsiderate to quote more of someone's posting than you
|
|
have to in a mailing list. Here's how to bind a key in Vim to delete
|
|
any remaining quoted lines after the cursor:
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>map . j{!}grep -v ^\>^M}
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
...where . is whatever key you want to bind.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<HR width="10%" align="center">
|
|
<h4 align="center"><br>Train your anti-spam tools
|
|
</h4>
|
|
<P>
|
|
If you want to train a Bayesian spam filter on your mail, don't delete
|
|
non-spam mail that you're done with. Put it in a "non-spam trash"
|
|
folder and let the filter train on it. Then, delete only the mail
|
|
that's been used for training. Do the same thing with spam.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
It's especially important to train your filter on mail that it
|
|
misclassified the first time. Be sure to move spam from your index to
|
|
your spam folder instead of merely deleting it.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
To do the training, edit your crontab with crontab -e and add lines
|
|
like this:
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>6 1 * * * /bin/mv -fv $HOME/Maildir/nonspam-trash/new/* $HOME/Maildir/nonspam-t
|
|
rash/cur/ && /usr/local/bin/mboxtrain.py -d $HOME/.hammiedb -g $HOME/Maildir/no
|
|
nspam-trash
|
|
|
|
6 1 * * * /bin/mv -fv $HOME/Maildir/spam/new/* $HOME/Maildir/spam/cur/ && /usr/
|
|
local/bin/mboxtrain.py -d $HOME/.hammiedb -s $HOME/Maildir/spam
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Finally, you can remove mail in a trash mailbox that the Bayesian
|
|
filter has already seen:
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>2 2 * * * grep -rl X-Spambayes-Trained $HOME/Maildir/nonspam-trash | xargs rm -
|
|
v
|
|
|
|
2 2 * * * grep -rl X-Spambayes-Trained $HOME/Maildir/spam | xargs rm -v
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Look for more information on Spambayes and the math behind spam
|
|
filtering in the March issue of Linux Journal.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<HR width="10%" align="center">
|
|
<h4 align="center"><br>Who knows what time it really is?
|
|
</h4>
|
|
<P>
|
|
It's easy to see what timeserver your Linux box is using with this
|
|
command:
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>ntptrace localhost
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
But what would happen to the time on your system if that timeserver
|
|
failed? Use
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>ntpq -p
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
to see a chart of all the timeservers with which your NTP daemon is
|
|
communicating. An * indicates the timeserver you currently are using,
|
|
and a + indicates a good fall-back connection. You should always have
|
|
one *, and one or two + entries mean you have a backup timeserver as
|
|
well.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<HR width="10%" align="center">
|
|
<h4 align="center"><br>Tell cd how to get there
|
|
</h4>
|
|
<P>
|
|
In bash, you can make the cd command a little smarter by setting the
|
|
CDPATH environment variable. If you cd to a directory, and there's no
|
|
directory by that name in the current directory, bash will look for it
|
|
under the directories in CDPATH. This is great if you have to deal
|
|
with long directory names, such as those that tend to build up on
|
|
production web sites. Now, instead of typing:
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>cd /var/www/sites/backhoe/docroot/support
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
...you can add this to your .bash_login:
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>export CDPATH="$CDPATH:/var/www/sites/support/backhoe/docroot"
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
...and type only:
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>cd support
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
This tip is based on the bash section of Rob Flickenger's Linux Server
|
|
Hacks.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<HR width="10%" align="center">
|
|
<h4 align="center"><br>Make the most of Mozilla
|
|
</h4>
|
|
<P>
|
|
In order to store persistent preferences in Mozilla, make a separate
|
|
file called user.js in the same directory under .mozilla as where your
|
|
prefs.js file lives.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
You can make your web experience seem slower or faster by changing the
|
|
value of the nglayout.initialpaint.delay preference. For example, to
|
|
have Mozilla start rendering the page as soon as it receives any data,
|
|
add this line to your user.js file:
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>user_pref("nglayout.initialpaint.delay", 0);
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Depending on the speed of your network connection and the size of the
|
|
page, this might make Mozilla seem faster.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<HR width="10%" align="center">
|
|
<h4 align="center"><br>To each their own - window features in Sawfish
|
|
</h4>
|
|
<P>
|
|
If you use the Sawfish window manager, you can set window properties
|
|
for each X program, such as whether it has a title bar, whether it is
|
|
skipped when you Alt-Tab from window to window and whether it always
|
|
appears maximized. You even can set the frame style to be different
|
|
for windows from different hosts.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
First, start the program whose window properties you want to
|
|
customize. Then run the Sawfish configurator, sawfish-ui. In the
|
|
Sawfish configurator, select Matched Windows and then the Add button.
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 9 -->
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|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
<CENTER><SMALL><STRONG>
|
|
Copyright © 2003, .
|
|
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
|
Published in Issue 93 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, August 2003
|
|
</STRONG></SMALL></CENTER>
|
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