1465 lines
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1465 lines
57 KiB
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WIDTH="200" HEIGHT="41" border="0"></A>
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<BR CLEAR="all">
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<SMALL>...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I></SMALL>
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<center>
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<BIG><BIG><STRONG><FONT COLOR="maroon">More 2¢ Tips!</FONT></STRONG></BIG></BIG><BR>
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<!-- BEGIN tips -->
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<STRONG>By <A HREF="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com">The Readers of <i>Linux Gazette</I></A></STRONG></BIG>
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<!-- END header -->
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<center><STRONG>See also: The Answer Gang's
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<a href="../tag/kb.html">Knowledge Base</a>
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and the <i>LG</i>
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<a href="http://www.linuxgazette.com/search.html">Search Engine</a></STRONG>
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</center><HR>
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<UL>
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<!-- index_text begins -->
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<li><A HREF="#tips/1"
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><strong>Linux now serving: Outlook Global Address List</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips/2"
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><strong>no more duplicate email</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips/3"
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><strong>Changeing IP address</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips/4"
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></a>linux consoles --or--
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<br><A HREF="#tips/4"
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><strong>The "Other" [Alt] Key</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips/5"
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><strong>how to create Imakefiles</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips/6"
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></a>Booting stops at devfs --or--
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<br><A HREF="#tips/6"
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><strong>Even journalled filesystems need fsck sometimes</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips/7"
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><strong>Foxpro</strong></a>
|
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<li><A HREF="#tips/8"
|
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><strong>unable to open an initial console</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips/9"
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></a>question on redhat ip forwarding --or--
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<br><A HREF="#tips/9"
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><strong>IP Masquerading: Red Hat 8.x Redoux</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips/10"
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><strong>Learning Red Hat 8.0</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips/11"
|
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><strong>Q: man pages for poll_wait(), wait_event() and others</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips/12"
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><strong>is the md5 check always right?</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips/13"
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><strong>Follow ups on mgp and mplayer</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips/14"
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><strong>Net2Phone ipchains config</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips/15"
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><strong>Lost win95 data (and system) when loading linux</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips/16"
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><strong>Good locations for sendmail howtos?</strong></a>
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<li><A HREF="#tips/17"
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></a>internet connection --or--
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<br><A HREF="#tips/17"
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><strong>Will this modem even work? Let's ask the internet</strong></a>
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<li><I>Linux Journal's</I> Weekly News Notes
|
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<a href="#tips/lj">Tech Tips</a>
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<ul>
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<li><A HREF="http://www.linuxjournal.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=NS-subscribe&file=newsletter"
|
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>subscribe</A> to LJWNN
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</ul>
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<!-- index_text ends -->
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</UL>
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<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
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<P> <A NAME="tips/1"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
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<FONT COLOR="navy">Linux now serving: Outlook Global Address List</FONT></H3>
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Tue, 19 Nov 2002 11:59:58 -0800
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<BR>Rick Moen (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=LUIS@casiano.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2085%5D%202c%20Tips%20%231%20ldap%20addresslist">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
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<BR>Question by Luis Sanchez (LUIS from casiano.com)
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<P><STRONG>
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Is there a way to share the users in a Linux Mail Server for Outlook
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clients? We will connect out Outlook clients via pop3/smtp to the
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linux email server but wonder how to share the global address list
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(like Exchange) ..
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</STRONG></P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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What you need to do is set up a shared address book using the OpenLDAP
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server, an open-source facility for serving up Lightweight Directory
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Access Protocol information to networks, that is routinely included in
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Linux distributions. This needs to be done with some care on the
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OpenLDAP end of things, because Micros*ft Outlook is unusually picky
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about the LDAP schema. One hands-on guide to configuring the schema
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is here:
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE><code>
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<A HREF="http://www.dclug.org.uk/archive-Nov00-May01/msg00253.html"
|
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>http://www.dclug.org.uk/archive-Nov00-May01/msg00253.html</A>
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</code></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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You can find one general guide to setting up LDAP (server end)
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<EM>software</EM>, in the form of a set of lecture notes I wrote about LDAP, a
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year or so ago:
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQuote><code>
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<A HREF="http://linuxmafia.com/~rick/lecture-notes/ldap"
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>http://linuxmafia.com/~rick/lecture-notes/ldap</A>
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</code></BLOCKQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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An example of how to set up the <EM>client</EM> (MS-Outlook) end of the problem
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(at a university site) is here:
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQuote><code>
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<A HREF="http://www.cae.wisc.edu/fsg/info/mail/ldap_outlook.html"
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>http://www.cae.wisc.edu/fsg/info/mail/ldap_outlook.html</A>
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</code></BLOCKQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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Note that appending to the address book from MS-Outlook is not
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supported (or desirable, actually).
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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Good luck with the project. Expect it to take a while, to work out all
|
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the details.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<!-- end 1 -->
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<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
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<P> <A NAME="tips/2"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
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<FONT COLOR="navy">no more duplicate email</FONT></H3>
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Tue, 29 Oct 2002 10:20:31 -0800
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<BR>Dan Wilder (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2085%5D%202c%20Tips%20%232%20dup%20email%20killer">SSC.COM sysadmin</a>)
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<P>
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We now keep an MD5 sum the body of every message submitted to the Answer
|
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Gang. If another identical message body shows up, it gets sidelined.
|
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</P>
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<P>
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As usual, this is run over procmail, with two stanzas in the
|
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list's procmailrc that look like:
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|
</P>
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<p align="center">See attached <tt><a href="misc/tips/dupekiller.procmail.txt">dupekiller.procmail.txt</a></tt></p>
|
|
<P>
|
|
The first stanza says "filter this message through a program".
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
The second says "sideline if you see an X-Duplicate header in
|
|
the result".
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
The duplicate elimination script being used on this list
|
|
has been upgraded to use Python's library md5 routines
|
|
rather than an external pipeline, and to employ locking
|
|
on the db.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
By popular request, we're now filtering other lists here with
|
|
this, and one local user who often receives duplicate emails
|
|
that are not always spams has asked for the script, too.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
The upgraded script, which the procmail recipe calls upon:
|
|
</P>
|
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<p align="center">See attached <tt><a href="misc/tips/dup.py.txt">dup.py.txt</a></tt></p>
|
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|
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<!-- end 2 -->
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<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
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<P> <A NAME="tips/3"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
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<FONT COLOR="navy">Changeing IP address</FONT></H3>
|
|
Fri, 22 Nov 2002 07:22:58 +0530
|
|
<BR>Kapil Hari Paranjape (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=eyal_kornblut@mod.gov.il&cc=kapil@imsc.res.in&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2085%5D%202c%20Tips%20%233%20change%20IP">kapil from imsc.res.in</a>)
|
|
<BR>Question by eyal (eyal_kornblut from mod.gov.il)
|
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|
|
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I have a Linux server that functions as a Mail Relay in my system.
|
|
All I want to do is to change its IP address.
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|
How shuld I do it ? witch files shuld I change, and how ??
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
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<P><STRONG>
|
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I would be very thanksfull for some help
|
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</STRONG></P>
|
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<P><STRONG>
|
|
eyal
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
This depends quite a bit on the precise distribution of Linux you have
|
|
installed. Is it RedHat, <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</A>, <A HREF="http://www.suse.com/">SuSE</A>, Mandrake,...
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
It also depends on how your network is configured. By static addresses
|
|
entered in some file under <TT>/etc</TT> or via DHCP.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
At the very least you should do:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P><CODE>
|
|
grep -ril "your_current_ip_address_here" /etc
|
|
</CODE></P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
to find out which files refer to your IP address.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
In addition if you use SSL and/or SSH you must go through the
|
|
configuration of these services and check that the new IP address is
|
|
reflected.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Having gone through this procedure more than once, I must warn you
|
|
that <EM>if</EM> you a free machine that can take the place of your mail
|
|
server then the easiest solution is to setup <EM>that</EM> machine as the new
|
|
mail server and switch off the old machine.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Regards,
|
|
<BR>Kapil.
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
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<blockquote><font color="#000066">You might also want to check that reverse-resolution of DNS is updated
|
|
to reflect that your new host is attached to this IP address; it's
|
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normally handled by the ISP who owns the IP block, so it's not stored
|
|
locally unless you have made special arrangements, and even if you have,
|
|
best to make sure they went through safely for both the old and new
|
|
address.
|
|
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 3 -->
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<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
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<P> <A NAME="tips/4"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
<FONT COLOR="navy">The "Other" [Alt] Key</FONT></H3>
|
|
Mon, 18 Nov 2002 09:46:18 -0800
|
|
<BR>Jim Dennis (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=gavitron@shaw.ca&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2085%5D%202c%20Tips%20%234%20other%20alt">the <em>LG</em> Answer Guy</a>)
|
|
<BR>Question by The Gavitron (gavitron from shaw.ca)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- ::
|
|
The "Other" [Alt] Key
|
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
:: -->
|
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<P><STRONG>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue35/tag/magickeys.html"
|
|
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue35/tag/magickeys.html</A>
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
James,
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Further to your technical article quoted above;
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
You explain that I can use the <TT>/other/</TT> alt key for
|
|
ttys 13-24, but in my case, I only want to use both
|
|
alt keys to switch between the same 12 ttys. Is it
|
|
possible to configure this? Would making tty24 a
|
|
symbolic link to tty12 accomplish it? I realise it's
|
|
been over 4 years since you wrote the original article,
|
|
but if you can still help, I would greatly appreciate
|
|
it.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Yours,
|
|
Gavin McDonald.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
You DON'T want to try symlinking those device files around.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Just use the 'loadkeys' utility to change your Linux console's
|
|
keymaps around to suit you tastes. You can start by reading the
|
|
following man pages: loadkeys(1), keymaps(5), dumpkeys(1), and
|
|
possibly showkey(1)
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Then use 'dumpkeys' to dump a set of all the current key bindings.
|
|
Edit that (delete all the stuff you don't want to change) and
|
|
look for the section that looks something like this:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<p align="center">See attached <tt><a href="misc/tips/jimd.console-keymap-fragment-1.txt">jimd.console-keymap-fragment-1.txt</a></tt></p>
|
|
<P>
|
|
... and another section like:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<p align="center">See attached <tt><a href="misc/tips/jimd.console-keymap-fragment-2.txt">jimd.console-keymap-fragment-2.txt</a></tt></p>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Now simply change those to read:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<p align="center">See attached <tt><a href="misc/tips/jimd.console-keymap-fragment-otheralt.txt">jimd.console-keymap-fragment-otheralt.txt</a></tt></p>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Notice that all I'm doing is changing the Console_13 to Console_1
|
|
etc. (at the end of each line that begins with the word keycode).
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Then simply pass that through the loadkeys command. In fact you
|
|
could take that last excerpt (as show between the " and " quotes
|
|
above) save it to a file --- <TT>/usr/local/etc/mykeymap.def</TT> --- for
|
|
example and add a line to your rc.local file to perform a simple:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P><CODE>
|
|
loadkeys < /usr/local/etc/mykeymap.def
|
|
</CODE></P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
... command.
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 4 -->
|
|
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
|
<P> <A NAME="tips/5"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
<FONT COLOR="navy">how to create Imakefiles</FONT></H3>
|
|
Fri, 08 Nov 2002 16:10:27 +0530 (IST)
|
|
<BR>Karl-Heinz Herrman (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=Kirankumar.Pv@geind.ge.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2085%5D%202c%20Tips%20%235%20Imakefiles">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
|
|
<BR>Question by Kirankumar Po (Kirankumar.Pv from geind.ge.com)
|
|
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
plz excuse me for asking questions without your permission ,
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
now my question is ...........
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
This group (answergang) is willing to answer questions related to the
|
|
operating system linux, so if you ask a question according to this little
|
|
help what to ask and how to ask it:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<BLOCKQuote><code>
|
|
<A HREF="../tag/ask-the-gang.html"
|
|
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/tag/ask-the-gang.html</A>
|
|
</code></BLOCKQuote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
you won't have to appologise for asking.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
"can we delete a file of a particular version ?"
|
|
if so how , if not what is the alternate for that
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Now this question is somewhat... broad. Yes, certainly linux has a version
|
|
management system, My preferred one is CVS. But unless you tell us what <EM>you</EM>
|
|
use if you use one we will have trouble guessing what might be appropriate in
|
|
your case.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P><STRONG><CODE>
|
|
file name is test
|
|
</CODE></STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
test
|
|
1.1---1.2--1.3----1.4---1.5
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
i want to delete version 1.3 what is the command for that
|
|
and tell me the condition of 1.4
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
For cvs this would be the command "admin" with flag "-o" for outdate.
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>khh > cvs -H admin
|
|
Usage: cvs admin [options] files...
|
|
[.......]
|
|
-o range Delete (outdate) specified range of revisions:
|
|
rev1::rev2 Between rev1 and rev2, excluding rev1 and rev2.
|
|
rev:: After rev on the same branch.
|
|
::rev Before rev on the same branch.
|
|
rev Just rev.
|
|
rev1:rev2 Between rev1 and rev2, including rev1 and rev2.
|
|
rev: rev and following revisions on the same branch.
|
|
:rev rev and previous revisions on the same branch.
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Information on a particular version would be told by
|
|
cvs status or cvs log on the file with an additional "-r revnumber" if you
|
|
really are interested only in that particular version.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 5 -->
|
|
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
|
<P> <A NAME="tips/6"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
<FONT COLOR="navy">Even journalled filesystems need fsck sometimes</FONT></H3>
|
|
Mon, 18 Nov 2002 13:08:46 +0000 (GMT)
|
|
<BR>Thomas Adam (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=tedlinux@inet.net.nz&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2085%5D%202c%20Tips%20%236%20fsck%20journal">The <em>LG</em> Weekend Mechanic</a>)
|
|
<BR>Question by Trev (tedlinux from inet.net.nz)
|
|
|
|
<!-- ::
|
|
Even journalled filesystems need fsck sometimes
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
:: -->
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Hi, love your Mag, and your doing a great job here.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[Thomas]
|
|
I know
|
|
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
|
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> I love the magazine too
|
|
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
|
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
My MDK 8.1, kernel 2.4.8.26-mdk system stops at
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
|
|
<pre><strong>running DevFs deamon
|
|
invald operand:0000
|
|
CPU:0
|
|
EIP: .........
|
|
EFLAGS .........
|
|
eax .........
|
|
asi .........
|
|
ds .........
|
|
Process devfs pid 123
|
|
Stack: .........
|
|
CallTrace: .....
|
|
Code:
|
|
(Lots of letters and numbers)
|
|
</strong></pre>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Is this a hardware problem ?
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[Thomas]
|
|
Oh, it most certainly would suggest a hardware
|
|
problem. As I am sure you are aware the "dev fs" sets
|
|
up those hardware devices contained within "<TT>/dev</TT>" such
|
|
as soundcard, etc.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
i have no problems in <A HREF="http://www.suse.com/">SuSE</A> or Win (SuSE
|
|
and Win on hda, MDK and some vfat partitions on hdb)
|
|
and i can mount
|
|
MDKs partitions (in rescue) ok.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I've had problems when booting with devfs twice, the
|
|
first time (some
|
|
weeks ago) it put it back to the old dev system, 10
|
|
to 15 boots back, it
|
|
put it back to the devfs system.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[Thomas]
|
|
I'm not certain but is the new way ("devfs") actually
|
|
a kernel module rather than it being "built-in" to the
|
|
kernel???
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I tried rescue to rebuild devfs but not
|
|
knowing/finding any commands (no
|
|
man pages) i got nowhere, reiserfsck and e2fsck
|
|
found no problems, i
|
|
commented out pts from fstab but it made no
|
|
difference. I tried booting
|
|
with devfs=nomount but lilo would not recognize it,
|
|
not in lilo i guess.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[Thomas]
|
|
hmmm...the script "<TT>/dev/MAKEDEV</TT>" does some things, but
|
|
not what you're trying to do.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I had no luck with your DB or google.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Neither did I
|
|
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/unsmily.gif" ALT=":-("
|
|
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<HR width="10%" align="center"><P><STRONG>
|
|
Sorry for being slow getting back to you, only got
|
|
it going late last night
|
|
and read your email (and 450 others).
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[Thomas]
|
|
Oh, that's ok. You actually read 450 consecutive
|
|
e-mails? Gosh -- hope you haven't got eye-strain
|
|
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
|
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I changed the "devfs=mount" to "devfs=nomount" in
|
|
lilo.conf but it made no
|
|
difference,
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[Thomas]
|
|
Hmm, that would suggest that your filesystem type for
|
|
the particular partition is abnormal in someway.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
then out of desperation i tried
|
|
reiserfsck again on <TT>/</TT> but this
|
|
time i did reiserfsck --rebuild-tree and it fixed it
|
|
|
|
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
|
height="24" width="20" align="middle">, dmesg says "Mounted
|
|
devfs on <TT>/dev</TT>".
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[Thomas]
|
|
Ah.... that's interesting and something that Mandrake
|
|
should have tested and/or implemented in both the
|
|
kernel and their documentation. I'm sure there are
|
|
other like you running MDK8.1 with the same problem/.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I'll see if devfs and reiserfs has an update for MDK
|
|
8.1.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[Thomas]
|
|
Unlikely -- you'll probably have to re-compile your
|
|
kernel as a result. But it's not as hard as you might
|
|
think....honest. Last I heard Eric Raymond was working
|
|
on a graphical "maze" frontend for compilation!!! So
|
|
much for the tcl/tk interface
|
|
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/unsmily.gif" ALT=":-("
|
|
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[ashwin]
|
|
Linus rejected that for kernel 2.5. Instead, a Qt interface was chosen,
|
|
so that's what will be in 2.6 (or it may even be called 3.0).
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Thanks Thomas for your reply.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[Thomas]
|
|
As I said -- it's what we're here for
|
|
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
|
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
|
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
|
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> Anytime.
|
|
If you have any other problems, let us know!
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><font color="#000066">Gentle readers, it's also worth mentioning that journaled fs' will still
|
|
be fsck'd when the volumes reach their maximum mount count. Journals
|
|
make them robust, so a crash (which marks notmal filesystems "dirty",
|
|
forcing fsck) simply results in a journal replay. So now we know one
|
|
thing that can happen if the journal itself gets an ouchie.
|
|
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 6 -->
|
|
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
|
<P> <A NAME="tips/7"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
<FONT COLOR="navy">Foxpro</FONT></H3>
|
|
Sun, 17 Nov 2002 20:43:29 -0800
|
|
<BR>Rick Moen (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=devi_ys@yahoo.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2085%5D%202c%20Tips%20%237%20foxpro">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
|
|
<BR>Question by Deviyanti Setionegoro (devi_ys from yahoo.com)
|
|
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
My name is Deviyanti, I want to ask a question, I have a foxpro 2.6
|
|
under dos that runs on windows NT. Now I want to migrate from windows
|
|
NT to linux Redhat 7.2. The question is will my application in foxpro
|
|
2.6 can run in Linux? If can, what are the additional software that I
|
|
should install first, before I move my aplication in foxpro 2.6 to
|
|
linux.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Something called "Recital Linux Developer" runs FoxPro 2.6 applications
|
|
unchanged on Linux:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<BLOCKQuote><blockquote><code>
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.recital.com/solutions_foxpro.htm"
|
|
>http://www.recital.com/solutions_foxpro.htm</A>
|
|
</code></BLOCKQuote></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Additionally, this question did sort of come up once before, a few years
|
|
back, when Answer Gang founder Jim Dennis was The Answer Guy, all by his
|
|
lonesome:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<blockquote><BLOCKQuote><code>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue30/tag_database.html"
|
|
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue30/tag_database.html</A>
|
|
</code></BLOCKQuote></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Some of that will no doubt still be relevant.
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 7 -->
|
|
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
|
<P> <A NAME="tips/8"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
<FONT COLOR="navy">unable to open an initial console</FONT></H3>
|
|
Fri, 08 Nov 2002 12:24:07 +0530 (IST)
|
|
<BR>Karl-Heinz Herrman (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=lawrence.osullivan@141.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2085%5D%202c%20Tips%20%238%20initial%20console">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
|
|
<BR>Question by Lawrence O'Sullivan (lawrence.osullivan from 141.com)
|
|
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Hi, I could sure use some help with this problem. I've followed the "Linux
|
|
from Scratch" guides to building a Linux system. Their instructions and
|
|
guides were very good, and everything seems to have compile correctly.
|
|
Also, I have posted this question on their support mail, and received
|
|
several suggestion but none helped. When I boot into the new Linux system,
|
|
the process hangs and the last three lines displayed are:
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
|
|
<pre><strong>Freeing unused kernel memory: 140k freed
|
|
Warning: unable to open an initial console
|
|
Kernel Panic: Attempted to kill init
|
|
</strong></pre>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Entering this lfs root=/dev/hda9 init=/bin/sh in lilo still hangs.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
I'm pretty sure (since I had the same when I was first time switching from
|
|
2.2.x kernel to 2.4.x style) that the console driver is not in the kernel.
|
|
my config seems to have that as "y" not as module.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<p align="center">See attached <tt><a href="misc/tips/k-h.kernel-dot-config-fragment.txt">k-h.kernel-dot-config-fragment.txt</a></tt></p>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I'm not using devfs.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
The inittab file appears correct, and was reviewed by the LFS folks.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
The fstab file appears correct, and was reviewed by the LFS folks.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
The configuration (.config) for the Kernel build appears to be correct. It was reviewed by the LFS folks and I compared it to the distribution that loads.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
Maybe or maybe not -- make sure the above mentioned character devices are
|
|
there.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
The new Linux system is on its own partition and the root and boot are on the same partition.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
My original Linux distribution, which is on its own partition, still boots and can mount the partition with the new Linux system.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Any suggestion as to what else I can check or change would really help.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Thanks
|
|
<BR>Lawrence
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 8 -->
|
|
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
|
<P> <A NAME="tips/9"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
<FONT COLOR="navy">IP Masquerading: Red Hat 8.x Redoux</FONT></H3>
|
|
Mon, 18 Nov 2002 20:55:34 -0800
|
|
<BR>Jim Dennis (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=chhong@cisco.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2085%5D%202c%20Tips%20%239%20ip%20masq%20rh%208">the <em>LG</em> Answer Guy</a>)
|
|
<BR>Question by chhong (chhong from cisco.com)
|
|
|
|
<!-- ::
|
|
IP Masquerading: <A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat</A> 8.x Redoux
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
:: -->
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I have a RedHat Linux 8.0 machine with kernal 2.4.18-14. One of the
|
|
network card (Eth0 eg. 192.168.10.1) is connected to my private network
|
|
(consisting of a FTP server and 2 pc). Another network card (Eth1 eg.
|
|
201.1.1.*) is connected to the internet. How do I make my FTP server
|
|
accessible from other pcs in the internet and make pcs in my private
|
|
network access the internet?
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Thanks
|
|
<BR>Chris Hong
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Well, I haven't played with Red Hat 8.0 yet. However, the key to
|
|
your question lies in two steps. First you have to enable the kernel's
|
|
packet forwarding feature. Manually this can be done via a command
|
|
like:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<blockquote><CODE>
|
|
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
|
|
</CODE></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
However, that would not persist beyond a reboot. Under Red Hat there
|
|
is an <TT>/etc/sysctl.conf</TT> file which needs to have an entry like:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<BLOCKQuote><code>
|
|
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
|
|
</code></BLOCKQuote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
This allows the kernel to route packets (from your internal network
|
|
to the outside world).
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
However, that obviously won't do much good by itself. Packets from
|
|
your network that "leaked" out to the Internet would be useless since
|
|
no responses could get back to your RFC1918 non-routable addresses
|
|
(192.168.*.*, 10.*.*.*, and 172.16.*.* through 172.31.*.*).
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
So, the other requisite step is to enable IP masquerading. Over the
|
|
years the Linux IP packet filtering features haved changed radically
|
|
with each major kernel release. So old versions of Linux used the
|
|
'ipfw', then the 'ipfwadm', and then the 'ipchains' commands to manage
|
|
the kernel's packet filtering tables and configure its behavior. Red
|
|
Hat version 8.0 uses a 2.4 kernel with the netfilter subsystem and the
|
|
'iptables' command to manage it.
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>modprobe iptable_nat
|
|
# In the NAT table (-t nat), Append a rule (-A) after routing
|
|
# (POSTROUTING) for all packets going out eth1 (-o eth1) which says to
|
|
# MASQUERADE the connection (-j MASQUERADE).
|
|
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<blockQuote><ul>
|
|
<LI>Example slightly modified from
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO//NAT-HOWTO-4.html#ss4.1"
|
|
>http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO//NAT-HOWTO-4.html#ss4.1</A>
|
|
</ul></blockQuote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
You may have to hunt around in the Red Hat <TT>/etc/</TT> directory tree to
|
|
figure out the best place to put his command. I think they have an
|
|
<TT>/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables</TT> script which you can enable with their
|
|
'chkconfig' command. If you read that I think you'll find some file
|
|
like <TT>/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/iptables.dat</TT> or something like
|
|
that. If I recall correctly from Red Hat 7.x, you could put just the
|
|
arguments for this iptables command (from the -t to the end of the line)
|
|
into that file.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
The reason I'm tossing in so many qualifiers in this last paragraph is
|
|
because I mostly use <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</A> and haven't actually installed or managed
|
|
a Red Hat 8.0 system, yet. In addition some of the details change with
|
|
every major release. The differences are minor --- easy to adapt to if
|
|
you can read simple shell scripts.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
There is probably also a way to do all of this using some GUI tool.
|
|
However, I still avoid graphical system administration tools. I'm
|
|
firmly of the opinion that the most important systems administration
|
|
tool is your favorite text editor!
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 9 -->
|
|
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
|
<P> <A NAME="tips/10"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
<FONT COLOR="navy">Learning Red Hat 8.0</FONT></H3>
|
|
Tue, 26 Nov 2002 13:40:35 -0800
|
|
<BR>Heather Stern (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=jhavilan@attbi.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2085%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2310%20learn%20redhat"><em>Linux Gazette</em> Technical Editor</a>)
|
|
<BR>Question by James M. Haviland (jhavilan from attbi.com)
|
|
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
What is the best book to learn RH's 8.0? Or will the books I have on
|
|
learning 5 or 6 and maybe 7 be good enough to learn the basics or anything
|
|
except the fine points.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Stuff about the bash shell will be pretty much the same.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Learning how to use a text editor will be pretty much the same.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Chances are that in a modern one the screen may look a little different
|
|
but it will likely be a little easier to read.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Anything showing screen shots walking you through the install will show
|
|
pictures only good for that exact version. You can read the chapter
|
|
anyway, as the basic steps of partitioning and answering network
|
|
questions will still be asked, but the screens will look different.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Pretty much, you can follow along in an older book, and look at man
|
|
pages or --help output from a program to catch up on some things that
|
|
may be new. If you also connect to the internet and surf to the home
|
|
pages of some software you are trying to learn, there may be discussion
|
|
forums and more things to read there.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
And of course there's the Linux Documentation Project
|
|
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
|
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> (www.tldp.org)
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Many of these things will be equally valid for red hat, or for other
|
|
linux distributions.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I tried to use the e-mail program that came with it and I set it up wrong
|
|
some how so that I couldn't send e-mails. I was able to use Mozzarella or
|
|
Netscape's e-mail program.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
You have to connect to an internet provider before you can read emails.
|
|
Your system usually has to have an SMTP program (sendmail, or one of its
|
|
competitors) in order to send emails.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Mozarella, yum. You probably meant "mozilla" - the browser's firebreathing
|
|
dinosaur-like mascot.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Mozilla and netscape use the same code under the hood; they compose
|
|
SMTP messages and transmissions directly, rather than needing a local
|
|
server. Think of this as driving the mail up to the post office
|
|
yourself all the time instead of leaving it at your door for the postman
|
|
to pick up when he comes by every day for the mail.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Thank you for your time.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Jim
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
You're welcome.
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 10 -->
|
|
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
|
<P> <A NAME="tips/11"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
<FONT COLOR="navy">Q: man pages for poll_wait(), wait_event() and others</FONT></H3>
|
|
Mon, 4 Nov 2002 16:21:32 -0500 (EST)
|
|
<BR>Pradeep Padala (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=vkarasik@ndsisrael.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2085%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2311%20kernel%20functions">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
|
|
<BR>Question by Vitaly Karasik (vkarasik from ndsisrael.com)
|
|
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Are there any additional sources for manpages [we've checked
|
|
kernel-doc package, <A HREF="http://kernelnewbies.org/documents"
|
|
>http://kernelnewbies.org/documents</A>, Kernel*
|
|
HOWTO's and so on, but without success].
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Linux source is the authoritative documentation for kernel functions. I
|
|
guess you already know about <A HREF="http://lxr.linux.no"
|
|
>http://lxr.linux.no</A>. That's the right place
|
|
to look for documentation
|
|
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
|
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Apart from that Alessandro Rubini's book on device drivers has some
|
|
information on this. Information regarding poll is here in that book:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<blockquote><BLOCKQuote><code>
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/ch05.html#t3"
|
|
>http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/ch05.html#t3</A>
|
|
</code></BLOCKQuote></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
This should give a fair idea of what needs to be done when poll on a
|
|
device is done.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P><DL><DT>
|
|
You can read the whole book online at:
|
|
<DD><A HREF="http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book"
|
|
>http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book</A>
|
|
</DL></P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Also try to follow any driver's code which implements 'select' or 'poll'
|
|
for the device.
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 11 -->
|
|
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
|
<P> <A NAME="tips/12"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
<FONT COLOR="navy">is the md5 check always right?</FONT></H3>
|
|
Sun, 3 Nov 2002 18:23:17 +0000
|
|
<BR>Steve Kemp (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=paupople@online.no&cc=skx@tardis.ed.ac.uk&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2085%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2312%20md5sum">skx from tardis.ed.ac.uk</a>)
|
|
<BR>Question by Simon Pople (paupople from online.no)
|
|
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I just downloaded 3 Mandrake CDs via FTP and read after doing that that I
|
|
should have set the download mode to binary not ASCII. I didn't do that,
|
|
but when I run MD5 on all the .iso files they are all fine....is it possible
|
|
that even though the MD5 checksums are all matching, the files still aren't
|
|
correct, or is MD5 an infallible test of the downloaded ISOs?
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
MD5 should be a good enough test of validity. It has got some weaknesses
|
|
which have recently come to light, but it's extremely unlikely that you've
|
|
come across three seperate examples.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
It's probably the case that your FTP/download software switched to binary
|
|
by itself, without you having to explicitly do it.
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 12 -->
|
|
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
|
<P> <A NAME="tips/13"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
<FONT COLOR="navy">Follow ups on mgp and mplayer</FONT></H3>
|
|
Sun, 17 Nov 2002 03:40:22 +0100
|
|
<BR>Robos (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=robos@muon.de&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2085%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2313%20mgp%20and%20mplayer">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
Hi Folks
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
I did look into the mgp with embedded mplayer issue today again and got a
|
|
little further:
|
|
after looking into the man-page of xwininfo I found -name. If I call:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<BLOCKQuote><code>
|
|
xwininfo -name MagicPoint
|
|
</code></BLOCKQuote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
(always the same I hope
|
|
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
|
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> I get the win-id like this:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<blockquote><CODE>
|
|
xwininfo -name MagicPoint |grep Window |awk '{print $4}' >/tmp/wid
|
|
</CODE></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
and then:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<BLOCKQuote><code>
|
|
mplayer /home/robos/movies/play* -vo x11 -wid cat /tmp/wid=1BOB
|
|
</code></BLOCKQuote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
OK, I actually put the whole calls into a bash script since mgp makes some
|
|
strange things if I call it from within mgp with %system. So, in the mgp
|
|
text I do a
|
|
</P>
|
|
<blockquote><code>
|
|
%system "/home/robos/mplayer.sh"
|
|
</code></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
and call the whole thing like this:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<blockquote><CODE>
|
|
mgp mplayer.mgp -x vflib -U
|
|
</CODE></blockquote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
The -U is the important one: -U since forking is prohibited
|
|
otherwise...
|
|
This sorta works, but the display stays a little garbled afterwards (I put a
|
|
%system "killall mplayer" on the next page) and in the page that displays
|
|
the vid nothing else is shown (no text). But, I would say something to
|
|
improve upon.
|
|
If you use -o with mgp it doesn't go fullscreen and then the vid is also
|
|
centered in my case (I use enlightenment btw).
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
OK
|
|
<br>I'll toy a little more
|
|
<br>Robos
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 13 -->
|
|
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
|
<P> <A NAME="tips/14"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
<FONT COLOR="navy">Net2Phone ipchains config</FONT></H3>
|
|
Mon, 18 Nov 2002 11:46:27 -0600
|
|
<BR>John Larmour (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=jlarmour@eds.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2085%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2314%20net2phone">jlarmour from eds.com</a>)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><font color="#000066">In last issue ( <EM>LG</EM> 84) help wanted #3:
|
|
<A HREF="../issue84/lg_mail.html#wanted/3"
|
|
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue84/lg_mail.html#wanted/3</A>
|
|
it was asked if Linux has net2phone support.
|
|
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I see that this request is a month or more old. Has this problem been
|
|
solved?
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><font color="#000066">Many times, people do get their solutions, but don't pass them back
|
|
along to us. So I cannot really say.
|
|
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I have a linux firewall (ipchains) at home, and run Net2Phone on a
|
|
window98 box that goes through the firewall. If you are still having
|
|
problems, I may be able to help with some of the settings.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<HR width="10%" align="center"><P><STRONG>
|
|
Okay, I'm at home now and can check the settings. On the Net2Phone
|
|
client, choose menu->preferences->network. Make note of the "doorman"
|
|
URLs and port numbers (mine are call1.net2phone.com and
|
|
call2.net2phone.com, both on port 6801). In the client box, choose a
|
|
number for your ports (I use the same for both TCP and UDP). Valid
|
|
numbers are greater than 1024 and less than 65000.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
My firewall uses masquerading, and is not a proxy. I don't know what
|
|
your setup is, so this may or may not work for you. In my previous
|
|
message I said I use ipchains. Sorry, that shoud have been iptables. I
|
|
got it set up a while ago, and really haven't touched it since.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Here are the variables I use in my script:
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
|
|
<pre><strong>${ISP} is the network card connected to my ISP,
|
|
${LAN} is the network card connected to my home network.
|
|
${PHINIT}is the port used by the doorman (6801)
|
|
${PHCTL} and ${PHVCE} are the TCP and UDP port numbers I picked
|
|
</strong></pre>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Here are the iptables commands I added to my script to start my firewall:
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
|
|
<pre><strong>iptables -A INPUT -p udp -i ${ISP}-s call1.net2phone.com -m state
|
|
--state != INVALID --source-port ${PHINIT} -j ACCEPT
|
|
iptables -A INPUT -p udp -i ${ISP}-s call2.net2phone.com -m state
|
|
--state != INVALID --source-port ${PHINIT} -j ACCEPT
|
|
iptables -A INPUT -p udp -i ${ISP}--source-port ${PHVCE} -j ACCEPT
|
|
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -i ${ISP}--source-port ${PHCTL} -j ACCEPT
|
|
</strong></pre>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Hope this isn't too late to be helpful....
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 14 -->
|
|
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
|
<P> <A NAME="tips/15"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
<FONT COLOR="navy">Lost win95 data (and system) when loading linux</FONT></H3>
|
|
Sun, 17 Nov 2002 13:00:20 EST
|
|
<BR>mike, Heather Stern (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=JTHodgson@aol.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2085%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2315%20lost%20partitions">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
|
|
<BR>Question by JTHodgson (JTHodgson from aol.com)
|
|
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Dear Answer gang - my problem is an inaccessible C: drive holding my win95
|
|
system and all my data - much of it not backed up, naturally
|
|
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/unsmily.gif" ALT=":-("
|
|
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> .
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Here is how I think it happened.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I started with a standard Win95 set up, with a 5G C: drive, a bootable 48x cd
|
|
drive and a standard floppy a: drive.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I then added a 20G Western Digital secondary drive. This came with the
|
|
Phoenix bios overlay ez-bios, which took control of both internal drives
|
|
(despite the fact that c: was within the old bios limit).
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
With both drives running a single dos partition, the system ran without
|
|
problems, until I tried to partition the d: drive to load linux (6.3 suse).
|
|
Neither partition magic, nor fip would repartition the disk.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I then downloaded the latest data life guard (DLG) (=ez-bios) installation
|
|
utility from the web, and used it to partition the d: drive. I also made a
|
|
floppy win95 boot disk.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
At this point the win95 system was operating correctly, but with a reduced
|
|
disk size visible on d:.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I then started to load linux by booting from the cd. It ran through the
|
|
initial screens without problem, but when it came to assigning the partition
|
|
to mount the system, the second partition on d: was not visible. There was
|
|
no escape route, so I powered off.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Now the system would not boot from c:.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Nor would it boot from the system disc in a:, or ,rather, when I did the c:
|
|
drive was not accessible (nor the d: drive!).
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I tried fdisk <TT>/mbr</TT>, and restoring the mbr "before installing ez bios" and "
|
|
after installing ez-bios" (options in the downloaded DLG utility). The DLG
|
|
utility also told me that the c: drive had a "non dos partition".
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I assume that I have inadvertently created a linux partition on the c: drive.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
How can I recover from this? Or is there some other explanation? Is this a
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
diy job, or should I consider a data recovery service (my marriage may be at
|
|
stake here!).
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Very grateful for any help you could give. I'm keen to join the penguins,
|
|
but this is off-putting!
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
John Hodgson
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[mike]
|
|
First off, can you boot into linux?
|
|
If so check the data as follows
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
mount the c: partition
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
type ls <TT>/mnt</TT> to see if a mount point has been setup by your distro
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
if you see something like <TT>/mnt/dos_c</TT> do ls <this dir> to see if there
|
|
are any files
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
if there is no <TT>/mnt/dos</TT> etc directory do the following
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><pre>mkdir /mnt/c
|
|
mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/c
|
|
</pre></blockquote>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
then type df to see what partitions are mounted
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
then type ls <TT>/mnt/c</TT> to see if your files are still there
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Thanks, Mike...
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
To avoid the possibility of further over-writing on the old C: drive, I used
|
|
DemoLinux running from the CD drive. By default this loads the <A HREF="http://www.kde.org/">KDE</A> desk top.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
This showed two internal drive icons, but clicking on hda1 gave an error:
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<Pre><STRONG>
|
|
"Unable to run the command specified. The file or directory file:/mnt/hda1
|
|
does not exist"
|
|
</STRONG></Pre>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Moving to console mode:
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
ls /mnt gave the response
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
|
|
<pre><strong>cdrom floppy hdb1
|
|
</strong></pre>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Apparently the old C: drive is not being recognised
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Mkdir <TT>/mnt/c</TT> gave error message
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
|
|
<pre><strong>Mkdir cannot create directory '/mnt/c' : permission denied
|
|
</strong></pre>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
While DemoLinux was loading I spotted a line that I
|
|
think related to the old C: drive, giving it the following properties: win98
|
|
FAT-32 LBA-matched partition
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[Heather]
|
|
Sorry to come a bit late to the game. Anyways it looks to me as if your
|
|
initial diagnosis is correct - the partition table has gotten somehow
|
|
mismatched with what is really on the drive.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
The Linux utility to deal with this problem is gpart - it will
|
|
physically look at the bits on the drive, and guess a partition table
|
|
for you. If your drive electronics do not agree with what your BIOS
|
|
reads for cylinder/head/sector values, it might actually be wrong, but
|
|
if you see something that looks like the layout you remember, it's
|
|
probably right, and you can write the result into the MBR-tail with a
|
|
commandline switch.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
(I say "tail" because strictly speaking the first 446 bytes are the boot
|
|
loader and the 64 bits at the end are the partition table, and some
|
|
techies refer to only the loader as the MBR, while others call the whole
|
|
512byte cluster this. But we digress.)
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
The DOS analogue to solve this problem - bearing in mind that I've not
|
|
had to use it for years, so I cannot vouch for the current edition
|
|
one way or another... is Symantec's Norton Disk Doctor... NDD <TT>/REBUILD.</TT>
|
|
As a few repartitioning utlities are on the market they might also have
|
|
some sort of "reset to whatever the disk has on it" feature - possibly
|
|
as a last-ditch rescue against their own failure modes. The same caveat
|
|
against the BIOS mismatch problem applies. Also, if it isn't new enough
|
|
a DOS tool may not recognize any linux bits you've managed to get on there.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
Anyways, I <EM>have</EM> used gpart recently myself and can assure you that it
|
|
works. The real fun is getting a cd-boot or floppy-boot distro that
|
|
has it in there. I don't recall if I used Knoppix, or if I host-mounted
|
|
one of my laptop drives temporarily (so <TT>/dev/hda</TT> was a known good
|
|
system). DemoLinux, if it has a copy of gpart on it, can help you solve
|
|
that quite quickly, and if it doesn't have it, you may be able to fetch
|
|
a binary of the program into your ramdisk.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
Pretty much, all the live-CD discs use a ramdisk or two.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 15 -->
|
|
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
|
<P> <A NAME="tips/16"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
<FONT COLOR="navy">Good locations for sendmail howtos?</FONT></H3>
|
|
Tue, 26 Nov 2002 13:07:33 -0800
|
|
<BR>Heather Stern, John Karns (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=supersimian@hotmail.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2085%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2316%20sendmail%20howtos">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
|
|
<BR>Question by David (supersimian from hotmail.com)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Hey there Answer Gang,
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
You've helped me in the past, I'm hoping you can help me again.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I'm having diffuculties setting up sendmail and friends on a small home
|
|
network. I can't seem to get mail to work between hosts. I feel fairly
|
|
competent in linux in general, but this continues to baffle me.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
I'm using RedHat 8.0 on two systems, my main desktop, and our
|
|
firewall/dns/nat/etc box. My roommate is using WinXP. But basically, I'm
|
|
looking for a good howto doc on setting up email between the gateway box and
|
|
my desktop, so I can forward the root mail form the gateway to an arbitrary
|
|
account on my desktop. Y'know, for getting alerts, logwatch info, etc.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
And just to learn a bit more about the workings of email in general.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
At present, I can't get ANY kind of email to move between the two boxes.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Mostly, I'm looking for a really good writeup on how to configure things to
|
|
my liking. I mean, I don't want to have to buy a book on it, it's just for
|
|
home use, but I want a good understanding.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
If you people can point me towards a good resource, I'd really appreciate
|
|
it.
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[John Karns]
|
|
Well I suppose the best resource is the O'Reilly book on sendmail - but
|
|
since you mentioned that you don't want to buy a book, I do recall
|
|
stumbling across a helpful sendmail web site about 3 yrs ago. So a web
|
|
search would probably turn up a few sources of info. There are also some
|
|
fairly comprehensive FAQ's etc available...
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[Heather]
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
|
|
<blockQuote><ol>
|
|
<LI>try the faq's and other helpful notes at sendmail.org, then the
|
|
community forums at sendmail.net.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI>each of sendmail's major competitors also have websites; since some
|
|
of their FAQs are in the form of "under sendmail I would... how do I
|
|
do that in this mail transport?" then reading the documentation of
|
|
all the major mailers should help considerably toward learning about
|
|
email in general.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI>for your NT box to get mail from your linux server, either your linux
|
|
server needs to run POP or IMAP daemons... or your NT system has to
|
|
run an SMTP daemon and be listed as a MX for itself. The first one
|
|
is <EM>much</EM> easier.
|
|
</ol></blockQuote>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
Thanks Heather, I'll have a look at these resources.
|
|
Luckily, I've managed to muddle through a bit of it on my own,
|
|
the mail is moving, just need to fine-tune things a bit. I now
|
|
understand why the sendmail.cf file is so infamous
|
|
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
|
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
rewrite rules, UGH...
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
[John Karns]
|
|
Finally, I can provide a quick hint about (one method of) setting up mail
|
|
between hosts. For my purposes I just added the host names in
|
|
<TT>/etc/mail/mailertable</TT> in form of
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
machine1.my.psuedo.dom smtp:machine1.my.psuedo.dom
|
|
machine2.my.psuedo.dom smtp:machine2.my.psuedo.dom
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
In the comments in that file:
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
|
|
<TABLE WIDTH="95%" BORDER="1" BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC"><TR><TD>
|
|
<p align="center">...............</p>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
|
# sendmail will look for all non-local email into this file to determine
|
|
<BR># the transport way to the next host. the destination hostname is used
|
|
<BR># to find an entry in this file.
|
|
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE><p align="center">...............</p>
|
|
</TD></TR></TABLE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
And from <TT>/etc/mail/README:</TT>
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
|
|
<TABLE WIDTH="95%" BORDER="1" BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC"><TR><TD>
|
|
<p align="center">...............</p>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
sendmail.cf supports some more external database files. The
|
|
default configuration uses <TT>/etc/aliases</TT>, <TT>/etc/mail/mailertable</TT>,
|
|
<TT>/etc/mail/genericstable</TT> and <TT>/etc/mail/virtusertable.</TT> These files are
|
|
normal text files that are converted with "makemap" to the real database
|
|
files (ending in .db).
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
For all outgoing email, sendmail will use the destination hostname
|
|
and look into <TT>/etc/mail/mailertable</TT> to see how this email should
|
|
be transported to the next destination. Please read that file for
|
|
some examples on email-routing.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE><p align="center">...............</p>
|
|
</TD></TR></TABLE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
Note 1: There is a Makefile in that dir to enable running 'make' after
|
|
adding the host names to the text file. That will create the .db file
|
|
which sendmail actually uses.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
Note 2: I'm not sure how much of this structure is from the generic
|
|
sendmail and how much may be contributed by <A HREF="http://www.suse.com/">SuSE</A>, but my gueess is that it
|
|
is mostly generic. This seems to be born out by the above reference to
|
|
sendmail.cf pointing to those files.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
Note 3: This setup works for me. I don't have a name server set up, just
|
|
use a hosts file. YMMV.
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 16 -->
|
|
<!-- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -->
|
|
<HR WIDTH="40%" ALIGN="center">
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
<FONT COLOR="navy">Will this modem even work? Let's ask the internet</FONT></H3>
|
|
Sun, 10 Nov 2002 14:15:06 -0800
|
|
<BR>Rick Moen (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=ralphk@hauns.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2085%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2317%20usb%20softmodem">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
|
|
<BR>Question by Helen & Ralph (ralphk from hauns.com)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- ::
|
|
Will this modem even work? Let's ask the internet
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
:: -->
|
|
<P><STRONG>
|
|
can I use a zoom/modem usb model 3090 with redhat 7.2 ?
|
|
</STRONG></P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
The best place to research USB-hardware support problems in Linux is
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.linux-usb.org"
|
|
>http://www.linux-usb.org</A>. You might want to make a
|
|
note of that, for
|
|
the future. Selecting "Working devices list" on the front page takes
|
|
you the Overview page. From there, we select Devices, since we're
|
|
looking up support for a particular hardware device, rather than any of
|
|
the other information categories. We're now shown the dozen or so USB
|
|
device categories, and pick "Comm: Communications devices (Modems)".
|
|
This brings us to a long multipage list of modems by manufacturer.
|
|
Moving through that to the Zs, eventually finding the line item for
|
|
"Zoom Telephonics, Inc. 3090". Finally, selecting that item brings us
|
|
to <A HREF="http://www.qbik.ch/usb/devices/showdev.php?id=660"
|
|
>http://www.qbik.ch/usb/devices/showdev.php?id=660</A>.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
And it's bad news:
|
|
</P>
|
|
<BLOCKQuote>
|
|
Zoom sales claims this is "a winmodem and will not
|
|
work with Linux". Shame.
|
|
</BLOCKQuote>
|
|
<P>
|
|
There's more, but that about sums it up:
|
|
This is undoubtedly a unit designed to achieve the lowest possible
|
|
retail price by omitting key circuitry normally integral to all modems
|
|
(the ROM or "controller" chip implementing required communications
|
|
protocols, and/or the UART chip to control and buffer serial
|
|
communications). The omitted functionality is then emulated in software
|
|
by MS-Windows-only proprietary "engine' software.
|
|
</P>
|
|
<P>
|
|
If/when you go shopping for a better modem, you might want to consult
|
|
Rob Clark's modem database, at
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.idir.net/~gromitkc/winmodem.html"
|
|
>http://www.idir.net/~gromitkc/winmodem.html</A>.
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><font color="#000066">The real tip here, for newbies and old hands alike; we can no longer
|
|
assume that being external or internal, or which interface a modem is
|
|
plugged into, indicates whether it has an incomplete chipset and needs
|
|
a booster shot from specialized driver software. Some manufacturers
|
|
offer fully-capable internal modems, and some external ones are duds
|
|
like this one. Use the net resources at <A HREF="http://www.linmodems.org"
|
|
>http://www.linmodems.org</A>,
|
|
and if you <EM>decide</EM> to use a supported or partially supported winmodem,
|
|
don't expect too much out of it when you have your system under a heavy
|
|
CPU load.
|
|
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<!-- end 17 -->
|
|
<P> <hr> </p>
|
|
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<CENTER><SMALL><STRONG>
|
|
<h5>This page edited and maintained by the Editors of <I>Linux Gazette</I><br>HTML script maintained by <A HREF="mailto:star@starshine.org">Heather Stern</a> of Starshine Technical Services, <A HREF="http://www.starshine.org/">http://www.starshine.org/</A>
|
|
<br>Copyright © 2002
|
|
<br>Copying license <A HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A>
|
|
<BR>Published in Issue 85 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, December 2002</H5>
|
|
</STRONG></SMALL></CENTER>
|
|
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
|
<HR>
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<CENTER>
|
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