347 lines
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347 lines
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"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
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<H1><font color="maroon">Playing DVDs on Linux</font></H1>
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<H4>By <a href="mailto:oladokun@consultant.com">Tunji Durodola</a></H4>
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<BODY LANG="en-US" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000ff" VLINK="#0000ff">
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">Hello
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dear readers.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">My
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name is Tunji Durodola and I write from Nigeria, West Africa, the
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largest collection of black peoples on the face of the planet.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">The
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purpose of this article is to give an insight into how to get Linux
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to play DVDs using one or more of the now readily available tools on
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the web. You should have basic DVD playing in a matter of minutes;
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are more detailed section will follow later. </FONT>
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</P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma"><B>Preamble.</B></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">The
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key to watching DVDs lies in the ability of hardware or software to
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decode and read encrypted movies. DVDs are encrypted with a special
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algorithm called Content Scrambling System or CSS, to prevent illegal
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copying of the material contained on the disc. The algorithm is not a
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secret, but to get a copy of it to put in your device (hardware or
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software), you have to pay a license fee <STRONG>plus</STRONG> sign a mean set of
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agreements to prevent you from disclosing the algorithm to anyone.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">Each
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DVD has its own key, rather akin to each door having a separate key
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to unlock it. The key itself in Windows is kept secret.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">All
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commercial Windows DVD players have the algorithm contained in it,
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but they have paid, and as such, charge for their software, or the
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cost is embedded in the price of the DVD drive your purchase, so in
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effect you are paying a fee for the “bundled” software
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player.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">The
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whole philosophy of Linux is <STRONG>freedom</STRONG>, which would be defeated if you
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have to pay for a Linux DVD player. Some chaps tried to get the
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algorithm from the owners, but were told they had to go through the
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same process as the Windows people.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">For
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those earthlings who haven't got a clue as to what DeCSS is, I'll
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give a brief summary.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">A
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young lad, a few years ago, desiring to watch <STRONG>his</STRONG>
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legally purchased DVDs in Linux, thought to develop a player for
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Linux, when none existed at the time, stumbled on a flaw in a now
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defunct Windows’ player called Xing, which had the unfortunate
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habit of leaving the key in the program itself. He then used his
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knowledge of maths to reverse-engineer the code and generate the
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algorithm.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">The
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software he wrote to do that job was called DeCSS. He then teamed up
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with a few friends collectively called Masters Of Reverse Engineering
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(MORE) to develop a DVD ripper on Windows, and a small set of
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Linux-based utilities to view the un-encrypted files.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">No
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fee was charged, but was posted on the ‘net for anyone with a
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similar desire to view their DVDs in Linux. The MPAA found out and
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subsequently obtained a court order forbidding any US site from
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hosting DeCSS. That of course sparked worldwide interest in
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Linux-based DVD players. The case is still in court in the Land of
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the Free. For more info please click <A HREF="http://www.eff.org/">here.</A></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">Today,
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there are other software decryptors available for Linux which do not
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use the original DeCSS code, but do the same job, and are not subject
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to any litigation. We shall focus on these.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma"><B>The
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Goods!</B></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">Just
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to get you warm, I'll tell you what system I've got in my crib.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"> </P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma"><B>Hardware</B></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Garamond"><FONT SIZE=2>CPU:
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Pentium III 750 (old, I know, I'm planning for an Athlon XP 1900+)</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Garamond"><FONT SIZE=2>RAM:
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1GB PC 133 SDRAM (hey, ram was cheeeep when I bought)</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Garamond"><FONT SIZE=2>BOARD:
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MSI BX Master, 4 IDE Slots (2 on an on-board Promise Controller)</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Garamond"><FONT SIZE=2>Case:
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ATX Extended Tower with 9 5.25 Slots</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Garamond"><FONT SIZE=2>Sound:
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SoundBlaster Live! 5.1 Platinum (lovely card!)</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Garamond"><FONT SIZE=2>VGA:
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NVidia TNT2, 32MB SDRAM</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Garamond"><FONT SIZE=2>HDD:
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2x WD400 7200 RPM, 40GB drives, 2MB Cache (I'm showing off here)</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Garamond"><FONT SIZE=2>Speakers:
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<B>Front:</B> 80W Kenwood speakers, driven by a Technics 80W Power Amp
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connected directly to the card</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT SIZE=2><FONT FACE="Garamond"><B>Rear:
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</B>Some mid-budget 20W RMS computer speakers</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT SIZE=2><FONT FACE="Garamond"><B>Center:
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</B>As Above</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT SIZE=2><FONT FACE="Garamond"><B>Sub:
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</B>A no name 40W Sub in a wooden enclosure</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Garamond"><FONT SIZE=2>Monitor:
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18" NEC TFT Flat Panel</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"> </P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma"><B>Software</B></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT SIZE=2><FONT FACE="Garamond"><B>OS:</B>
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SuSE Linux 8.0 Professional</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT SIZE=2><FONT FACE="Garamond"><B>Sound:</B>
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<B>ALSA 0.9.0rc2,</B> running emu10k1 SoundBlaster driver. This is
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the only audio driver for Linux capable of using the Surround
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capabilities of the SB Live 5.1. Even the Windows drivers and
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software don't have half the features of this driver. Linux driver
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can handle up to 8 such cards on 1 system, whereas Windows can't
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handle two (don't bother, I've tried it). Hats off to the ALSA team!</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT SIZE=2><FONT FACE="Garamond"><B>Video:</B>
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</FONT></FONT>
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</P>
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<P STYLE="margin-left: 6.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm">1.<FONT SIZE=1><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
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</FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><FONT FACE="Garamond"><B>Xine 0.9.12
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</B>(Complete with its plugin capabilities makes Xine hard to beat)</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-left: 6.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm">2.<FONT SIZE=1><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
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</FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><FONT FACE="Garamond"><B>Ogle 0.8.2 </B>(Fast
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and quick DVD-only player that supports DVD menus)</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-left: 6.35cm; margin-bottom: 0cm">3.<FONT SIZE=1><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
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</FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE=2><FONT FACE="Garamond"><B>Mplayer 0.90</B>
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(Mainly Console-based player with an unusual assortment of options.
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Mplayer will play almost any type of file format available today
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including VOB, VIVO, ASF/WMV, QT/MOV, Xanim, AVI, DiVX, VCD, SVCD,
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and of course DVDs It has a GUI option with skins.)</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Garamond"><FONT SIZE=2>Both
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Xine and the Mplayer now offer FULL multi-channel (5.1) surround
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audio.</FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><BR>
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</P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma"><B>To compile
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mplayer:</B></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">Requirements</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">libdvdread 0.8 <B>and</B>
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libcss (<U>not</U> libdvdcss)</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma"><B>or</B></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><A HREF="http://www.dtek.chalmers.se/groups/dvd/downloads.shtml">libdvdread
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0.9</A> <B>and</B> <A HREF="http://www.videolan.org/">libdvdcss 0.0.3</A>
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(not libcss NOR libdvdcss 1.0)</P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">all may be obtained at
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<A HREF="http://www.dtek.chalmers.se/groups/dvd">www.dtek.chalmers.se/groups/dvd</A></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">The libdvdcss is
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used to decrypt the DVD and libdvdread to read its contents, and for
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chapter support.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">I recommend you use
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<B>ALSA 0.9.0rc2</B>, for audio, if you have a modern sound card, such
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as the SoundBlaster Live! 5.1 series. The Audigy range may work, but
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alas, I don't have one :-(</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Garamond"><I>Please read
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the </I>INSTALL<I> and </I>README<I> files in all packages</I></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma"><B>Step 1</B></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">libdvdcss</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">./configure</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">compile install it
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with "make && make install && ldconfig"</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma"><B>Step 2</B></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">libdvdread</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">compile and install
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as above</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma"><B>Step 3</B></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">mplayer 0.90</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">./configure –help</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">make &&
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make install</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">It should then
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install itself in /usr/local/bin as mplayer</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma"><B>Step 4</B></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">(a) if /dev/hdc is your dvd drive,
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make a link <I><FONT FACE="Garamond">ln -s /dev/hdc /dev/dvd</FONT></I></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">(only needs to be
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done once)</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">type<I><FONT FACE="Garamond"> mplayer
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-dvd 1 -ao oss</FONT></I></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">The
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software should give some info such as the encryption key for the
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DVD, and then start to play the "encrypted" movie.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm">There are a
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gazillion options available, too numerous to dig into here, but
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multichannel audio is possible with <I><FONT FACE="Garamond">-channels
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x</FONT></I>, where x is 2,4 or 6 speakers. Remember, it is pointless
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if you have a basic 2-channel card. These multichannel cards are
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affordable these days so spoil yourself and get one!
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</P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">Other
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useful options:</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><I><FONT FACE="Garamond">-title
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x</FONT></I>
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– select DVD title</P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><I><FONT FACE="Garamond">-chapter
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y</FONT></I>
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– select chapter in title specified above</P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><I><FONT FACE="Garamond">-ss
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hh:mm:ss</FONT></I>
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–jump to specific time point</P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><I><FONT FACE="Garamond">-vcd
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x</FONT></I>
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- play vcd chapter</P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm">-channels 4
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- play thru 4 discrete channels (front & rear)</P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">On-screen
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display is also available, but not regular DVD subtitles.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm">Mplayer has rapidly
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become the most widely downloaded Linux software by a far margin (see
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<A HREF="http://freshmeat.net/stats/#popularity">http://freshmeat.net/stats/#popularity</A>
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if you don’t believe me), but it is not as easy to set up as
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Xine, if you don’t like compiling apps.0</P>
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<P STYLE="margin-top: 0.3cm; margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma"><FONT SIZE=4 STYLE="font-size: 13pt"><B>To
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get Xine up and running in 5 minutes flat.</B></FONT></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma"><B>Step 1</B></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">download the latest xine releases from
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<A HREF="http://xine.sourceforge.net/">xine.sourceforge.net</A></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">You will need the
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following RPMs if you do not feel like compiling. x86 refers to your
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type of Pentium processor; i686 for Pentium III or higher, i586 for
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Pentium and AMD K6</FONT></P>
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<UL>
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<LI> xine-lib-0.9.12-x86.rpm
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<LI> xine-lib-0.9.12-oss-x86.rpm
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<LI> xine-lib-0.9.12-oggvorbis-x86.rpm
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<LI> xine-lib-0.9.12-xv.rpm
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<LI> xine-lib-0.9.12-x86.rpm
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<LI> xine-ui-0.9.12-x86.rpm
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<LI> xine-lib-dvdnav-0.9.10-x86.rpm
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</UL>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma"><I>There are
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others, but these are the bare essentials.</I></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma"><B>Step 2</B></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">Copy all the RPMs
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into an empty folder and from there, logged in as root, run the
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following:</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">rpm -Uvh xine*.rpm</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">If you are averse
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to using the console, call up kpackage or gnorpm and install them in
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the GUI instead.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma"><B>Step 3</B></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">In GUI, open up a console (purely to
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see the output from the player, once you are comfortable with the
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settings, you won't need the console), and type the following (mind
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the case sensitivity of each letter) <I><FONT FACE="Garamond">xine
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-pq -A oss -V xv -u0 dvdnav://</FONT></I></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">It may look cryptic
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but it is easy to explain. The purpose of the switches is to set
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defaults for audio and video in the config file which is stored in </FONT>
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</P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">“.xine/config”
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in your home folder.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">-pq play
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immediately, and quit when done</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">-A oss use oss as
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the audio driver</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">-V xv use xv as the
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video driver</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">-u0 select the
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first subtitle (usually English, u1 refers to French, etc.)</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">dvdnav:// is the
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optional plugin that actually plays the DVD. It also has menu
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functionality and allows you to jump from chapter to chapter with 9/3
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on the numeric keypad.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">Type "xine
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--help" or man xine for full details.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">As stated earlier,
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the skin may be changed in the menu. All settings are also possible
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in the menu including multichannel audio.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">Xine plays a whole
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range of media: DVDs, VCDs, CDs, ogg, mp3, wav, DiVX... on and on and
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on.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"> </P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma"><B>URLs</B></FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">xine: <A HREF="http://xine.sourceforge.net/">xine.sourceforge.net</A></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">ogle: <A HREF="http://www.dtek.chalmers.se/groups/dvd">www.dtek.chalmers.se/groups/dvd</A></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">mplayer: <A HREF="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/homepage">www.mplayerhq.hu/homepage</A></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">ALSA: <A HREF="http://www.alsa-project.org/">www.alsa-project.org</A></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm">xinedvdnav plugin (to decrypt DVDs,
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with DVD menus): <A HREF="http://dvd.sourceforge.net/d">http://dvd.sourceforge.net/</A></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">I hope to keep you
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posted with a more detailed paper sometime soon, with tips and
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tricks.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"><FONT FACE="Tahoma">'Later.</FONT></P>
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<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0cm"> </P>
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<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
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<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
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<P>
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<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Tunji Durodola</H4>
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<EM>Tunji is a Lagos-based computer consultant specialising in Linux solutions.</EM>
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<!-- *** END bio *** -->
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<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
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<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
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<H5 ALIGN=center>
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Copyright © 2002, Tunji Durodola.<BR>
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Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
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Published in Issue 81 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, August 2002</H5>
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