7414 lines
276 KiB
HTML
7414 lines
276 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
|
||
<HTML>
|
||
<HEAD>
|
||
<TITLE> Linux Gazette Table of Contents LG #80</TITLE>
|
||
</HEAD>
|
||
|
||
<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#0000AF"
|
||
ALINK="#FF0000" >
|
||
<center>
|
||
<!-- A HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/">
|
||
<H1><IMG SRC="../gx/newlogo.jpg" ALT="LINUX GAZETTE" border="0"></H1></A> -->
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/">
|
||
<H1><IMG ALT="LINUX GAZETTE" SRC="../gx/lglogo.png"
|
||
WIDTH="600" HEIGHT="124" border="0"></H1></A>
|
||
<H2>July 2002, Issue 80
|
||
Published by <I>Linux Journal</I></H2>
|
||
|
||
<A HREF="../index.html">Front Page</A> |
|
||
<A HREF="../index.html">Back Issues</A> |
|
||
<A HREF="../lg_faq.html">FAQ</A> |
|
||
<A HREF="../mirrors.html">Mirrors</A> <!-- | --><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../tag/kb.html">The Answer Gang knowledge base</A> (your Linux questions here!) <!-- | --><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/search.html">Search (www.linuxgazette.com)</A>
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN mirror site search link *** -->
|
||
<!-- <A HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/search.html">(SITE.COM
|
||
mirror)</A> -->
|
||
<!-- *** END mirror site search link *** -->
|
||
|
||
</CENTER>
|
||
|
||
<HR NOSHADE>
|
||
<!--=================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<!-- H1><font color="#BB0000">Table of Contents:</font></H1 -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN toc *** -->
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<LI> <a HREF="lg_mail.html">The MailBag</A>
|
||
<LI> <a HREF="lg_tips.html">More 2-Cent Tips</A>
|
||
<LI> <a HREF="lg_answer.html">The Answer Gang</A>
|
||
<LI> <a HREF="lg_bytes.html">News Bytes</A>
|
||
<LI> <a HREF="nielsen.html">Pl/Python and Cursors in Pl/Pgsql for PostgreSQL</A> , <EM>by Mark Nielsen</EM>
|
||
<LI> <a HREF="nielsen2.html">Red Hat and USB devices</A> , <EM>by Mark Nielsen</EM>
|
||
<LI> <a HREF="nielsen3.html">Configuring GDM 2.2</A> , <EM>by Mark Nielsen</EM>
|
||
<LI> <a HREF="orr.html">The Foolish Things We Do With Our Computers</A> , <EM>by Mike Orr</EM>
|
||
<LI> <a HREF="qubism.html">Qubism</A> , <EM>by Jon "Sir Flakey" Harsem</EM>
|
||
<LI> <a HREF="taneja.html">Wine: Raising a toast to your Windows Apps on Linux</A> , <EM>by Gaurav Taneja</EM>
|
||
<LI> <a HREF="tougher.html">My Guide To Linux Security</A> , <EM>by Rob Tougher</EM>
|
||
<LI> <a HREF="lg_backpage.html">The Back Page</A>
|
||
</UL>
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END toc *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<HR NOSHADE>
|
||
<!--=================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<H3 ALIGN="center"><EM>Linux Gazette</EM> Staff and The Answer Gang</H3>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<STRONG>Editor:</STRONG> Michael Orr<BR>
|
||
<STRONG>Technical Editor:</STRONG> Heather Stern<BR>
|
||
<STRONG>Senior Contributing Editor:</STRONG> Jim Dennis<BR>
|
||
<STRONG>Contributing Editors:</STRONG>
|
||
Ben Okopnik, Dan Wilder, Don Marti
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<HR NOSHADE>
|
||
<!--=================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<A HREF="TWDT.txt.gz">TWDT 1 (gzipped text file)</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="TWDT.html">TWDT 2 (HTML file)</A><BR>
|
||
are files containing the entire issue: one in text format, one in HTML.
|
||
They are provided
|
||
strictly as a way to save the contents as one file for later printing in
|
||
the format of your choice;
|
||
there is no guarantee of working links in the HTML version.
|
||
<HR NOSHADE>
|
||
<!--=================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<I>Linux Gazette</I><img alt="[tm]" src="../gx/tm.gif">,
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/">http://www.linuxgazette.com/</A><BR>
|
||
This page maintained by the Editor of <I>Linux Gazette</I>,
|
||
<A HREF="mailto: gazette@ssc.com"> gazette@ssc.com</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H5>Copyright © 1996-2002 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.</H5>
|
||
</center>
|
||
|
||
<HR NOSHADE>
|
||
<!--=================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><A NAME="wanted"><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="" SRC="../gx/mailbox.gif">
|
||
The Mailbag</A></H1> <BR>
|
||
<!-- BEGIN wanted -->
|
||
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="maroon">HELP WANTED : Article Ideas</font></H3></center>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<P> Send tech-support questions, Tips, answers and article ideas to The Answer Gang
|
||
<<A HREF="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com"
|
||
>linux-questions-only@ssc.com</A>>. Other mail (including
|
||
questions or comments about the <EM>Gazette</EM> itself) should go to
|
||
<<A HREF="mailto:gazette@ssc.com">gazette@ssc.com</A>>. All material
|
||
sent to either of these addresses will be considered for publication in the
|
||
next issue. <EM>Please send answers to the original querent too, so that s/he
|
||
can get the answer without waiting for the next issue.</EM>
|
||
|
||
<P> Unanswered questions might appear here. Questions with
|
||
answers--or answers only--appear in The Answer Gang, 2-Cent Tips, or here,
|
||
depending on their content. There is no guarantee that questions will
|
||
<em>ever</em> be answered, especially if not related to Linux.
|
||
|
||
<P> <STRONG>Before asking a question, please check the
|
||
<A HREF="../faq/index.html"><I>Linux Gazette</I> FAQ</A> (for questions about the
|
||
Gazette) or <A HREF="../tag/kb.html">The Answer Gang Knowledge Base</A> (for
|
||
questions about Linux) to see if it has been
|
||
answered there.</STRONG>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<!-- BEGIN HELP WANTED : Article Ideas -->
|
||
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<!-- index_text begins -->
|
||
<li><A HREF="#wanted/1"
|
||
><strong>Kylix</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#wanted/2"
|
||
><strong>netbooting Linux from network by using pppoe</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#wanted/3"
|
||
><strong>Tools for altering installed kernel</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#wanted/3"
|
||
><strong>usb pegasus driver vend/prod id</strong></a>
|
||
<!-- index_text ends -->
|
||
</UL>
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="wanted/1"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Kylix</FONT></H3>
|
||
Fri, 21 Jun 2002 14:37:51 -0400
|
||
<BR>Octavio Aguilar (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=oam@mail.cosett.com.bo&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%20help%20wanted%20%231">oam from mail.cosett.com.bo</a>)
|
||
<BR>translated by Mike Orr, except for one part by Heather Stern.
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hola amigos :
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
Alguien sabe como Podria ejecutar un programa compilado en Kylix, fuera
|
||
del entorno de Kylix?
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">Hi, friends. Does anybody know how to run a program that's compiled in Kylix,
|
||
but without having the Kylix environment around at runtime?
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
!ah! Un comentario demonio (daemon )siguifica Dinamic access memory,
|
||
estoy equivocado?
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">Ah! A daemon commentary means dynamic access memory, or am I mistaken?
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Gracias por su tiempo.
|
||
Octavio.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">Thanks for your time.
|
||
-- Octavio</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Octavio--
|
||
Sorry, I've never used Kylix. I just ran a demo once.
|
||
I don't understand your second question. Memory is hardware; a daemon is
|
||
software. And what's a "daemon commentary"?
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Octavio--
|
||
Lo siento, no he usado Kylix. Ejecute' un demo de e'l una vez, no ma's.
|
||
No entiendo la segunda pregunta. La memoria es hardware, un demonio es
|
||
software. Que' significa un "comentario demonio"?
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
-- Mike Orr
|
||
</P>
|
||
<HR width="10%" align="center"><P>
|
||
Hola amigos :
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Espero que puedan ayudarme, resulta que en mi maquina instalé firebird, y
|
||
luego cree una base de daatos, luego desde Kylix me conecte sin problemas.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
De la misma forma quise hacer en otras máquinas que tienen redhat 7.2,
|
||
copie el instalador firebirdCC....rpm, pero resulta que me sale un error :
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">Hi friends, I hope you can help me. I installed Firebird on my computer, and then
|
||
created a database, which I can connect to from Kylix without problem.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">I wanted to install it the same way on other Red Hat 7.2 machines. I copied the
|
||
installer FirebirdCC RPM, but got the following error:
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
warning : Expected size : 2676232=lead(96)+sigs(68)+pad(4)data(2676064)
|
||
warning : actual size : 2676232
|
||
warning : Expected size : 2676232=lead(96)+sigs(68)+pad(4)data(2676064)
|
||
warning : actual size : 2259998
|
||
error : unpacking of archive failed on file /opt/interbase/lib/libgds.so.0
|
||
;3 d021bc6 ; cpio:need
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Intente bajar de internet el mismo paquete pero el resultado para
|
||
instalarlo es el mismo error.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">(Heather: oboy, my spanish is rustier than Mike's, but I'll try.) <br>I intend to go under the internet to packets (maybe: download the package?) but the result
|
||
of installing is an error.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Como puedo solucionar este problema ?
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Gracias por su tiempo
|
||
Octavio
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">What's the solution to this problem? Thanks for your time. Octavio.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 1 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="wanted/2"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">netbooting Linux from network by using pppoe</FONT></H3>
|
||
Sun, 2 Jun 2002 20:51:18 +0200
|
||
<BR>Wlm (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=wscheerl@pi.be&cc=robos@geekmail.de&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%20help%20wanted%20%232">wscheerl from pi.be</a>)
|
||
<br>comment from Robos (The Answer Gang)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Hello,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hi!
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I want to install a Linux on my PC. This PC has a Ethernet connection
|
||
towards a DSL modem. Across this Ethernet I had to use PPPOE. Is their an
|
||
image available with PPPOE support? The standard netboot.img has no support
|
||
for PPPOE. This image recognize my Ethernet but thus not allow me to
|
||
activate PPPOE across it.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I want to install Redhat 7.3 across the net.
|
||
Thanks in advance for your answer.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Grt
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Wim
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
I'm <EM>pretty</EM> certain that most, if not all rather new images include
|
||
that, exactly why you ask - to get dsl up and running.
|
||
<br>Robos
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">So if someone knows the hint Wlm needs, let us know, and we'll publish
|
||
your Two Cent Tip.
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 2 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="wanted/3"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Tools for altering installed kernel</FONT></H3>
|
||
Wed, 12 Jun 2002 18:05:21 +0100 (BST)
|
||
<BR>Mike Martin (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=redtuxxx@yahoo.co.uk&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%20help%20wanted%20%233">redtuxxx from yahoo.co.uk</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
I am helping someone out on another list I am on and a have a query.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Does anyone know of a reliable utility to alter parameters on an
|
||
installed kernel other than rdev.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
In particular whether there is anything that will get rid of
|
||
debugging in the kernel?
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I would just recompile personally but if anyone knows of a tool that
|
||
would be useful.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 3 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="wanted/4"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">usb pegasus driver vend/prod id</FONT></H3>
|
||
Tue, 11 Jun 2002 20:05:22 -0000
|
||
<BR>Ebo Bentil (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=bentil@usa.net&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%20help%20wanted%20%233">bentil from usa.net</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hi,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I have a USB ethernet adapter based on the Pegasus/Pegasus-II chipset. I tried to use
|
||
the pegasus driver with a 2.4.3 kernel but the driver is not claiming the vend/prod id
|
||
of the USB adapter. Unfortunately I am unable to recompile a more recent kernel for
|
||
my system. I would like to know if there is a way to spoof the vend/prod id somehow
|
||
(without flashing the USB adapter) so the pegasus driver claims the device. I am
|
||
thinking there is perhaps some kernel mechanism to increase the set of devices claimed
|
||
by a particular driver at runtime. I think a more recent kernel version would solve
|
||
my problems but a recompile is not an option for me because of my particular setup.
|
||
Any ideas?
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Ebo
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">Don't use quoted printable with no fancy characters to defend.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">Maybe one of our readers can suggest the right tricks for compiling
|
||
modules that are only major-version dependent instead of minor version
|
||
dependent. I think some people who use linmodems might know a Tip or
|
||
two.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">Note you still have to have the right symbols present in your kernel.
|
||
If they aren't, you won't be able to use the module safely, even with <tt>insmod -f</tt>.
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 4 -->
|
||
<P> <hr> </p>
|
||
<a name="mailbag"></a>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="maroon">GENERAL MAIL</font></H3></center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<!-- BEGIN GENERAL MAIL -->
|
||
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<!-- index_text begins -->
|
||
<li><A HREF="#mailbag/1"
|
||
><strong>Mistake in December 99 Linux Gazette</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#mailbag/2"
|
||
><strong>Re: Making executables smaller</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#mailbag/3"
|
||
><strong>Is it possible to have a latest issue link?</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#mailbag/4"
|
||
><strong>Linux gazette 79 article improvement</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#mailbag/5"
|
||
><strong>Kudos</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#mailbag/6"
|
||
><strong>Difference between LJ and LG</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#mailbag/7"
|
||
><strong>Etiquette Wars</strong></a> -- the final salvo.
|
||
<li><A HREF="#mailbag/8"
|
||
><strong>re : The Complaint Department: Typos and Grammatical Errors</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#mailbag/9"
|
||
><strong>Did you see that Fabor gets famous?</strong></a>
|
||
<!-- index_text ends -->
|
||
</UL>
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="mailbag/1"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Mistake in December 99 Linux Gazette</FONT></H3>
|
||
Wed, 30 Jan 2002 08:49:28 +0100
|
||
<BR>Imad TALHA (<a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%20mailbag%20%231">imad_talha from hotmail.com</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hi,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I'm a French student and I tried to compile a little program I found in
|
||
your magazine in your "Linuxthreads programming" section of December 99
|
||
magazine. The programm is not working and I didn't find why. Could you
|
||
help me please to make it work.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Thanks
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">Your best bet is to contact the author, Matteo Dell'Omodarme.
|
||
His address is at the top of the article. But you'll need to say
|
||
something more specific than "not working". See
|
||
<A HREF="../tag/ask-the-gang.html"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/tag/ask-the-gang.html</A>
|
||
and scroll down to "doesn't work". How exactly did it fail?
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 1 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="mailbag/2"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Re: Making executables smaller</FONT></H3>
|
||
Tue, 04 Jun 2002 08:19:20 -0400
|
||
<BR>John M. Fisk (<a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%20mailbag%20%233">John.Fisk from yale.edu</a>)
|
||
<BR>in reply to Jim Dennis (<a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%20mailbag%20%233">the <em>Linux Gazette</em> Answer Guy</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">John sent us a 2 Cent Tip, so the Answer Guy wondered...
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Are you the same John Fisk that originally started the Linux Gazette? -- JimD
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hello Jim,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Thanks so much for the note. And yes, it's me. Since the last submission
|
||
(now a couple years ago) I've been rather busy finishing up medical
|
||
training (Pathology and Medical Informatics at Yale) and my wife and I have
|
||
adopted a little girl from China (with another one on the way). Thomas
|
||
Adam (the new maintainer of the Weekend Mechanic column) and I just started
|
||
corresponding and I took the opportunity to look over the latest edition of
|
||
the LG. The folks at SSC have done a commendable job of keeping the LG
|
||
alive and very active. I really appreciate the great job they've done.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
cheers,
|
||
<br>John
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 2 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="mailbag/3"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Is it possible to have a latest issue link?</FONT></H3>
|
||
Tue, 4 Jun 2002 01:04:59 +0100
|
||
<BR>Yuting Kuo (<a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%20mailbag%20%234">yuting.kuo from ic.ac.uk</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Can we have something like a www.linuxgazette.com/latest link?
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F"><A HREF="../current"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/current</A>
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 3 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="mailbag/4"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">linux gazette 79 article improvement</FONT></H3>
|
||
Wed, 05 Jun 2002 22:36:36 -0300
|
||
<BR>Silvio Santana (<a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%20mailbag%20%235">lunixs from ieg.com.br</a>)
|
||
<BR>comment to krishnakumar_r (<a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%20mailbag%20%235">krishnakumar_r from bharatmail.com</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hi Krishnakumar R.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Your series of articles "Writing Your Own Toy OS" on Linux Gazette is
|
||
the best ever.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockQuote><ol><li><A HREF="../issue77/krishnakumar.html"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue77/krishnakumar.html</A> Part I
|
||
<li> <A HREF="../issue79/krishnakumar.html"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue79/krishnakumar.html</A> Part II
|
||
</ol></blockQuote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I am enjoying it very much and I'm eager to learn
|
||
something about the 80x86 protected mode.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I also have a suggestion. In part II, I think the code for write.c can
|
||
be improved a little.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
When reading sect2 with
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre> file_desc = open("./sect2", O_RDONLY);
|
||
read(file_desc, boot_buf, 510);
|
||
close(file_desc);
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
instead of reading only 510, you can actually read 512 bytes with no
|
||
harm.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
It doesn't hurt to be 510, but I think it would be more easy to
|
||
understand it's 512,
|
||
so that learners won't be thinking that the second sector also have to
|
||
finish with the magic numbers x55 xAA, just like the first sector does.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I'd like to know what do you think about it and if you agree.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
See you and thanks a lot, man!
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Silvio Luis Leite Santana
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><EM>
|
||
[The article was changed at the author's request. -Iron.]
|
||
</EM></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 4 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="mailbag/5"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Kudos</FONT></H3>
|
||
Wed, 26 Jun 2002 23:27:51 -0400
|
||
<BR>Rob Tougher (<a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%20mailbag%20%236">robt from robtougher.com</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Guess what - I got a job
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">. A guy I worked with a few years back was
|
||
reading the Linux Gazette, and saw my article.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">In May's issue, <A HREF="../issue78/tougher.html"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue78/tougher.html</A>
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
He emailed me, and one lunch and two meetings later I was employed again. You
|
||
definitely get the assist on that one.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I also credit your magazine for keeping me sane the last 8 months - writing
|
||
for you has been a great outlet. I'll keep the articles coming.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 5 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="mailbag/6"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Difference between LJ and LG</FONT></H3>
|
||
Tue, 04 Jun 2002 07:34:15 -0500
|
||
<BR>Wyman Griffin (<a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%20mailbag%20%237">wgriffin from fedex.com</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
At our company there has been some discussion as to the differences of the Journal
|
||
and the Gazette. Would you please respond with SSC's definitive description
|
||
of the difference and is both being published at this time. Thereby we can
|
||
put to rest any further discussion at our work place.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Regards,
|
||
<br>Wyman Griffin
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Linux Journal is a commercial print magazine. Linux Gazette is a free e-zine
|
||
that SSC donates some employee time to. LG was started by an individual, John
|
||
Fisk, then SSC took over responsibility for it when John no longer could.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
LJ pays authors for their work. It has a stricter standard for what it will
|
||
accept, does professional proofreading and technical editing, won't publish
|
||
anything that's been published elsewhere (with occasional exceptions), and doesn't
|
||
allow republishing without permission. Each LJ issue has a theme, and articles
|
||
are solicited for that theme (although any issue will have lots of non-theme
|
||
articles too). Space issues determine the number of articles and their length.
|
||
(Because the printer prints on 32-page sheets, you have to add
|
||
pages in groups of eight.) LJ also publishes several series of publicly-accessible
|
||
web articles at <A HREF="http://www.linuxjournal.com"
|
||
>http://www.linuxjournal.com</A>, for which we pay the authors just
|
||
like magazine articles. (The magazine articles are also available to the public
|
||
after three months.) For specific questions about LJ, contact the Linux Journal
|
||
Editor, <A HREF="mailto:ljeditor@ssc.com"
|
||
>ljeditor@ssc.com</A>.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
LG does not pay authors, does less time-consuming proofreading, and publishes
|
||
pretty much anything we have permission to publish that's about Linux, contains
|
||
some significant content of a more or less permanent nature ("new information"
|
||
or reference material), doesn't unfairly slam/slander anybody, and isn't a
|
||
mindless advocacy rant. But we don't go looking for content, we let it come
|
||
to us. LG issues do not have a theme, we just publish articles whenever
|
||
they arrive. There is no particular number of pages to fill, so we don't pay
|
||
attention to article count or article length, although we do try to keep the issue
|
||
size to less than 2 MB compressed (occasionally 4 MB). LG does not accept
|
||
advertisements, although we do have a sponsorship program that gets your logo
|
||
on the home page. LG is published under the Open Publication License, so
|
||
readers may copy and redistribute it (for free or profit) as much as they wish.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 6 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="mailbag/7"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Etiquette Wars</FONT></H3>
|
||
<h4 align="center">the final salvo</h4>
|
||
Wed, 5 Jun 2002 05:32:18 -0700 (PDT)
|
||
<BR>Marko Cehaja (<a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%20mailbag%20%238">thetaworld from yahoo.com</a>)
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">Once upon issue 64 or so in the Mailbag,
|
||
we pubbed a note from a cheeky
|
||
fellow who decided to tell us off about our bad attitude. He also took
|
||
the tack that we were a single person and that it was somehow our
|
||
"fault" if a bunch of sensitive souls ever saw it. Obviously there are
|
||
others in the world who think he was right, but Marko took umbrage with us for
|
||
being cheeky enough ourselves, to post <EM>his</EM> message when we replied.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">Scofflaws may enjoy reading the offending note
|
||
and its reply together:
|
||
<A HREF="../issue64/lg_mail64.html#mailbag/1"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue64/lg_mail64.html#mailbag/1</A>
|
||
and a number of the Gang replying to Marko in issue 78:
|
||
<a href="../issue78/lg_mail.html#mailbag/4"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue78/lg_mail.html#mailbag/4</A>
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Dear Ben,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
thanks for your reply, however I mastered etiquette
|
||
course (sorry for misspellings) and know very well the
|
||
difference between vulgar and etiquette.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<font color="#000066">
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
Much nattering back and forth between Ben and Marko about the
|
||
ture nature of etiquette (which requires a social context) and the words
|
||
of gentle society, snipped, because there was not a word about Linux
|
||
in the lot of it. The closest to a comment about the readership at large
|
||
were these two tidbits.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
from Marko:</blockquote></font>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<em>Gazette</em> is distributed under
|
||
free licence and so when people reading it in a
|
||
computer club (from 8 to 88) they should get a good
|
||
viewpoint of gazette or bad view point?
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<font color="#000066">
|
||
<blockquote>No special effort was made to suggest what we should do
|
||
instead, except to simply never post such things at all. The original
|
||
reader-by-chance, albeit brash, asked a fair question and we answered
|
||
him cheerfully, with our policy and the note that if he ever has a Linux
|
||
question, feel free to ask it. However, there I noted that if you seek
|
||
formal and professional standards, subscribe to Linux Journal. See the
|
||
email above and the differenece will be more clear.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
and from Ben:
|
||
</blockquote></font>
|
||
|
||
<Blockquote>And "vulgar" is a compliment when it comes
|
||
to the Linux Gazette; we are indeed "of the common
|
||
people".</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<font color="#000066">
|
||
<blockquote>The world of the <em>Gazette</em> is that of ordinary people during
|
||
an ordinary day. Sometimes ordinary people feel like telling us off. For some
|
||
reason the flames take longer to put out when gentlefolk tell us off instead
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
We reserve the right to leave a reader's commentary intact for context.
|
||
I'm sure that someone out there thinks that one bad word, ever, will disimprove
|
||
<em>LG</em>, and we should never publish such things. That someone is welcome
|
||
to stop using all the free software that has brutal things to say in its comment
|
||
blocks, too. Not, mind you, that I can guarantee any proprietary software is
|
||
written by only pure and soft-spoken souls, either. That may be beyond even
|
||
Marko's gentle senses, though I certainly can't be sure.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>If Marko is upset about it being pubbed first in issue 64's Mailbag,
|
||
I can assure you it won't happen again... since I will no longer publish
|
||
grammar nor morality flames without Linux content. We have enough of them now
|
||
that unless our policy changes, we can simply point to these past issues.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>I remind readers that this magazine is all about <em>Making Linux
|
||
A Little More Fun</em>, not ragging on your imperfect neighbors.
|
||
There are so many languages on this planet that any given puddle of letters
|
||
could be past tasteless all the way to downright rude in more than one of
|
||
them. But this magazine is about Linux, not about becoming the international
|
||
edition of <em>Emily Post</em>. It is quite enough censorship already that I
|
||
cannot publish all the good stuff that is written by The Answer Gang.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>To everyone who has a thought towards correcting our past issues,
|
||
the license is open, and any copies of <em>LG</em> are free to modify:
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><ul>
|
||
<li>You may make a more pleasant copy of your own
|
||
<li>If you make it publicly available let us know and we will advise the
|
||
world via our mirrors page.
|
||
<li>If you have specific corrections to apply, send them to us, and we
|
||
might apply them. In which case all the direct mirrors will see it at
|
||
their next update. At some months delay, this will also include the
|
||
major distributions.
|
||
<li>If you're holding a round piece of anodized metal-foil and plastic in your
|
||
hand, we cannot change what it contains. You'll have to burn a new CD.
|
||
If you want to disagree with us, consider taking a refresher course in
|
||
physics... or use one of Linux' many free word processors or layout languages
|
||
to write up your thesis on matter transformation at a distant location.
|
||
I recommend LaTeX -- I hear that a lot of scientific journals favor it.
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>I'm all for making the world a better place; but people have to
|
||
help each other to do it. -- Heather</blockquote>
|
||
</font>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 7 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="mailbag/8"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">re : The Complaint Department: Typos and Grammatical Errors</FONT></H3>
|
||
Wed, 19 Jun 2002 22:35:11 -0600 (MDT)
|
||
<BR>Matthew.Austin (<a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%20mailbag%20%239">Matthew.Austin from Colorado.EDU</a>)
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">Boy, this topic is from the dusty shelf;
|
||
<A HREF="../issue37/tag/23.html"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue37/tag/23.html</A> and
|
||
<A HREF="../issue36/tag/67.html"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue36/tag/67.html</A>
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
With all of that guy's complaints, I'm reminded of an old advertisement for
|
||
learning shorthand:
|
||
</P>
|
||
<strong><p>
|
||
"f u cn rd ths msg..."
|
||
</p></strong>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
u cn us unx.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
Cheers,
|
||
-- Jay R. Ashworth
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Point being, that the informational difference between their/they're, or more
|
||
appropriately, between "kernel core team has soundly reject suggestions that
|
||
Linux adopt..." and "kernel core team has soundly rejected suggestions that
|
||
Linux adopt..." as quoted the information content difference is nil, for a
|
||
native English speaker. Don't let him get too down on you -- we just are
|
||
pampered by having a MLA in the first place to standardize these issues.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 8 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="mailbag/9"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Did you see that Fabor gets famous?</FONT></H3>
|
||
Wed, 26 Jun 2002 21:40:06 +0200
|
||
<BR>Robos (<a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%20mailbag%20%239">robos from muon.de</a>)
|
||
<BR>with comments by Faber Fedor
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
Famous? Obviously not famous enough for my name to get spelled
|
||
correctly!
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Hi all!
|
||
Well, there is this "Is linux dead?" comment on <TT>/.</TT> and in the MSNBC
|
||
article (<A HREF="http://www.msnbc.com/news/772215.asp"
|
||
>http://www.msnbc.com/news/772215.asp</A>) Fabor is quoted rather
|
||
extensively. The <TT>/.</TT> news comment is really bad (doesn't fit at all)
|
||
but Fabor comes along really nice.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
Thansk for the compliment. When I first read the article, I was
|
||
sounding like Chandler Bing's ex-girlfriend on "Friends"
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<Janice>Oh - my - gawd!</Janice>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
The article was, IMO, a back-handed compliment.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
He should have mentioned TAG though
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=";-)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
I think I did.
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
As a question to fabor: Why do you say (as the article quotes) "It's
|
||
for geeks"?
|
||
I mean, we're mostly geeks (ok, all) but those people who
|
||
write us with questions are most certainly not geeks (most of them)
|
||
since then they would probably figured out the thing themselves. These
|
||
lusers might have some probs with "linux" but only because when they
|
||
buy some win crap they wine to the support stuff of that firm, in
|
||
GNU/linux they get all the tools at once and don't have such a
|
||
technical support (suse and redhat for a short time at the beginning,
|
||
ok..) to ask questions. So they come to us and thats what TAG is
|
||
for. Bit I think that most luser get along with GNU/Linux pretty well
|
||
given the fact that GNU/Linux is <em>far</em> more powerful and
|
||
customizable. With most questions they come to either us or debianhelp
|
||
for example, they wouldn't even ask those questions on win since there
|
||
they wouldn't get the fix idea to run their own webserver just-for-fun
|
||
since there it isn't that much free (as in beer) software to play with
|
||
(that sentence is rather crap, granted, but I hope you get my general
|
||
drift) -- Robos
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">
|
||
I'll disagree to the extent that there is plenty of free-as-in-beer
|
||
or shareware available for Windows, but to a certain degree you have to be
|
||
geeky to know where to go looking for it. Been there, showing people cool
|
||
stuff like virtual desktops and icon managers and replacement command shells.
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
Well, you really need to hear the question I was asked! I was asked
|
||
"Why is Linux popular in the enterprise and with upper management but
|
||
not popular on home PCs?"
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
"It's for geeks and they thrive in the enterprise where the power of
|
||
Linux is appreciated." Then I went on to mention about MS licensing
|
||
practices taht forbid other OSes or changing of the boot sequesnce. I
|
||
said THAT was why Linux isn't popular on the desktop. I even mention BeOS
|
||
and Hitachi.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
So, to make it clear: I think with a little help (about as much as you
|
||
need in the beginning with windoze) and some distro like suse or
|
||
mandrake a pretty normal user can now easily use linux and the
|
||
accompained software (as long as they can and are willing to read).
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
I agree. And while my student/attendee, Dave Potter, did say those
|
||
things, he came off alot different than the article sounds.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
Anybody know of a course in "how to answer a journalists' questions without
|
||
being misrepresented?"
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
--
|
||
Regards,
|
||
Faber
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">What Robos had to say only works if you know what
|
||
parts they are likely to misrepresent. Make them repeat it back. Squeeze 'em if
|
||
they can't get it right. Unfortunately the cultural gap is likely to foster
|
||
addiitonal assumptions based on whatever you say or do to try and keep
|
||
matters straight.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">If people don't <EM>want</EM> to understand, we
|
||
can't make it happen. That's the real nature of freedom, folks. But we can say
|
||
things our way in our own venue, and when they come looking for us, it'll still be here.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">Remind me to ask Faber's question in the press room at LWE though...
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 9 -->
|
||
<a name="gaz"></a>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="maroon">GAZETTE MATTERS</font></H3></center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<!-- BEGIN GAZETTE MATTERS -->
|
||
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<!-- index_text begins -->
|
||
<li><A HREF="#gaz/1"
|
||
><strong>ask-the-gang</strong></a>
|
||
<!-- index_text ends -->
|
||
</UL>
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="gaz/1"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">ask-the-gang</FONT></H3>
|
||
Fri, 31 May 2002 09:11:39 -0700
|
||
<BR>Mike Orr (<a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%20gazette%20matters%20%230"><em>Linux Gazette</em> Editor</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Compliments to Ben for continuing to make
|
||
<a href="../tag/ask-the-gang.html">tag/ask-the-gang.html</a>
|
||
better and better.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Thanks much! I treat it as a serious resource, and try my best.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Gosh, this is twice I've complimented Ben in one week. I promise it
|
||
won't happen again.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
"I guess his heart just couldn't stand the shock - we've got syncope and
|
||
V-fib. All right, lets give him the whole 200j. ... Sync off... CLEAR!"
|
||
<BZZZZT!>
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
"OK, got paced rhythm and pulse. He'll prob'ly pull through if he
|
||
doesn't get any more of those compliments..."
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> -- Ben
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">Too many compliments?
|
||
Just stack them over there next to the groceries, and I'll add them to the
|
||
virtual beer and munchies in the Answer Gang fridge. (See
|
||
<a href="../tag/members-faq.html">tag/members-faq.html</a>
|
||
for more about the fridge.) No fuzzybears were harmed in the writing
|
||
of this document
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 0 -->
|
||
<P> <hr> </p>
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<H5 align="center">This page edited and maintained by the Editors
|
||
of <I>Linux Gazette</I>
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html"
|
||
>Copyright ©</a> 2002
|
||
<BR>Published in issue 80 of <I>Linux Gazette</I> July 2002</H5>
|
||
<H6 ALIGN="center">HTML script maintained by
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:star@starshine.org">Heather Stern</a> of
|
||
Starshine Technical Services,
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.starshine.org/">http://www.starshine.org/</A>
|
||
</H6>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><A NAME="tips"><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="" SRC="../gx/twocent.jpg">
|
||
More 2¢ Tips!</A></H1> <BR>
|
||
<!-- BEGIN tips -->
|
||
|
||
Send Linux Tips and Tricks to <A HREF="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com">linux-questions-only@ssc.com</A></center>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<!-- index_text begins -->
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/1"
|
||
><strong>Fvwm Buttons</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/2"
|
||
><strong>Creating WAN "LAN' with one IP Address</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/3"
|
||
><strong>customized linux install cd?</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/4"
|
||
><strong>Ghostscript fails after printer driver install</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/5"
|
||
><strong>quick disaster recovery</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/6"
|
||
><strong>question</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/7"
|
||
><strong>checkinstall</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/8"
|
||
><strong>'crypt' error !!</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/9"
|
||
><strong>demand dialing</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/10"
|
||
><strong>Modem speed and diald</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/11"
|
||
><strong>Exchange with Linux</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/12"
|
||
><strong>Grub vs LILO</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/13"
|
||
><strong>Email Linux To Windows - a simple solution for reference</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/14"
|
||
><strong>linuxconf setup</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/15"
|
||
><strong>Kernel Message: VM: Killing resource foo (bar)....</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/16"
|
||
><strong>Parsing Strings To Equations</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/17"
|
||
><strong>lpd/lpr problems with serial printer</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/18"
|
||
><strong>Getting files out of a .rpm file without installing it</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/19"
|
||
><strong>ramdisk and initrd fundamentals?</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/20"
|
||
><strong>Re: Making executables smaller</strong></a>
|
||
<li><I>Linux Journal's</I> Weekly News Notes
|
||
<a href="#tips/lj">Tech Tips</a>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<LI>sending Microsoft Word documents
|
||
<LI>Keeping a persistent session as you log in and out from different terminals
|
||
<LI>Outlook to Evolution
|
||
<LI>Mozilla port paranoia
|
||
<LI>Renaming a file that has a special character in the name
|
||
<LI>Have Ethernet cables, will travel
|
||
<li><A HREF="http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/subscribe/lja-sub.html"
|
||
>subscribe</A> to LJWNN
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<!-- index_text ends -->
|
||
</UL>
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/1"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Fvwm Buttons</FONT></H3>
|
||
Tue, 18 Jun 2002 15:11:23 +0100 (BST)
|
||
<BR>Thomas Adam (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=Hans.Borg@Physics.umu.se&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%231">The <em>LG</em> Weekend Mechanic</a>)
|
||
<BR>Question by Hans Borg
|
||
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">This is in reply to
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxgazette.com/lg_mail.html#wanted/5">Help Wanted #5, in issue 79.</a>
|
||
Thomas replied via the FVWM mailing list.
|
||
More details about that can be found at:
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.fvwm.org/mailinglist.html"
|
||
>http://www.fvwm.org/mailinglist.html</A>
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hello,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
In answer to your question as to why when you press a
|
||
button on your panel, it stays depessed is to do with
|
||
the way in which FVWM handles <TT> exec()</TT> a program via the
|
||
$SHELL of the $USER.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
If command is an fvwm Exec command, then the button
|
||
will remain pushed in until a window whose name or
|
||
class matches the quoted portion of the command is
|
||
encountered. This is intended to provide visual
|
||
feedback to the user that the action he has requested
|
||
will be performed. If the quoted portion contains no
|
||
characters, then the button will pop out immediately.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Note that users can continue pressing the button, and
|
||
re-executing the command, even when it looks "pressed
|
||
in."
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
There is a way around this, and I have found that if
|
||
you append a "&" character at the end of your command
|
||
that is bound to the button, then that <EM>sometimes</EM>
|
||
solves your problem -- but not always.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hope I have helped,
|
||
Kind Regards,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Thomas Adam
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
-- "The Linux Weekend Mechanic" -- www.linuxgazette.com
|
||
</P>
|
||
<HR width="10%" align="center"><P>
|
||
Hi,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Thanks a lot for taking the time to answer my Q.
|
||
I actually managed to sort it out some time ago, but
|
||
you are right. I had some fiddle with the window name.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Best regards
|
||
<BR>Hans Borg.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 1 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/2"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Creating WAN "LAN' with one IP Address</FONT></H3>
|
||
Mon, 17 Jun 2002 13:11:03 -0700
|
||
<BR>Heather Stern (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=kanegelo@webmail.co.za&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%232"><em>LG</em> Technical Editor</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
If I'm given a network address 192.168.7 (Class C) and have to create
|
||
a WAN with 5 routers, how do I do it?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I can Subnett but the 3rd router keep saying the Network address is
|
||
already used, when i try to put the subnet address there.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
How do i do it.
|
||
<br>RURI!!
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
We have a very good piece on that sort of thing in the back issues.
|
||
It's called "Routing and Subnetting 101" and is one of the longest
|
||
postings ever written by Jim Dennis. Several professors have used it in
|
||
their coursework and even though Linux was much younger then the
|
||
principles are still valid.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
It's in issue 36. A professor asked about it in issue 37's mailbag, and
|
||
some followups appeared in issues 51 and 59. Of course you could have
|
||
learned this by typing "Routing and Subnetting" into the <EM>Linux Gazette</EM>
|
||
search page:
|
||
<A HREF="../search.html"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/search.html</A>
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
...and you can easily get to those articles by visiting the Answer Gang
|
||
Knowledge Base:
|
||
<A HREF="../tag/kb.html"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/tag/kb.html</A>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 2 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/3"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">customized linux install cd?</FONT></H3>
|
||
Wed, 5 Jun 2002 14:01:28 +0000
|
||
<BR>linus gasser (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=simkin1@hotmail.com&cc=ineiti@linusetviviane.ch&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%233">ineiti from linusetviviane.ch</a>)
|
||
<BR>Question by simkin1
|
||
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">These are in reply to
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxgazette.com/lg_mail.html#wanted/1">Help Wanted #1, Issue 79.</a>
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hi,
|
||
I did about this on a RH7.2 but I don't think it'll change this drastically
|
||
under RH 7.3. You can point your browser to
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<A HREF="http://lcmpc10.epfl.ch:8080/Menu/Docus/RedHat%20CD"
|
||
>http://lcmpc10.epfl.ch:8080/Menu/Docus/RedHat%20CD</A>
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
(sorry for the space in the url...) it even describes how you can add a
|
||
kernel on your own and get it to run...
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Ineiti
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 3 -->
|
||
<!-- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -->
|
||
<HR WIDTH="40%" ALIGN="center">
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy"></FONT></H3>
|
||
Sun, 9 Jun 2002 23:23:44 -0700
|
||
<BR>Peter Tootill (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=ptootill@abilitec.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%233">ptootill from abilitec.com</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
The easiest way to customise the install is with Kickstart. We have done it
|
||
(and learned a few things on the way).
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Haven't time for a comprehensive reply at present but, if kicksatart hasn't
|
||
been covered, I could put something together.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Rgrds
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Peter
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 3 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/4"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Ghostscript fails after printer driver install</FONT></H3>
|
||
Tue, 11 Jun 2002 20:16:54 -0700
|
||
<BR>Matthew Easton (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=matthew@sublunar.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%234">matthew from sublunar.com</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">This is in reply to
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue79/lg_tips.html#tips/4">LG 79, Two Cent Tip #4.</a>
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hello,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Rich Price may want to try a Laserjet 4 driver instead of trying to figure
|
||
out the Xt dependency.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I have the Samsung ML-1450 and it's quite happy pretending to be an HP
|
||
Laserjet 4.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Matt Easton
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 4 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/5"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">quick disaster recovery</FONT></H3>
|
||
Fri, 7 Jun 2002 17:43:22 +0100 (BST)
|
||
<BR>Mike Martin (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%235">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
I may expand this into an article, but for the very common scenario
|
||
of "no init found" "unable to open an initial console" (usually after
|
||
hard crash) a couple of possible causes which I have not seen
|
||
anywhere else
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
There is a fair chance that files on <TT>/</TT> have been corrupted wiped
|
||
including <TT>/dev.</TT>
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Solution (very Rpm specific)
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
So mount rescue media, check for files on /
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
if missing mount cdrom from install and do:
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><CODE>
|
||
rpm -Uvh dev-<version>-rpm
|
||
</CODE></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
to re-instate dev files
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
then progressively force re-install rpms until you can boot
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Then when you have managed to boot do this:
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><CODE>
|
||
rpm -Va|grep missing>filename
|
||
</CODE></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
This will print to a file all the files that are missing from your
|
||
system according to your rpm database.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Then for all the files given do rpm -qf <filename> which will give
|
||
you the name of the rpm
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Then re-install the rpms in turn.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
This is best done manually so you can check whats missing.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Should only take around an hour in total at most.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Certainly preferable to doing a re-install.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I came across this on my own box a while ago after multiple power
|
||
cuts in succession (I'm poor so no UPS)
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The advantage is that your modifications are far less likely to be
|
||
hosed as in a re-install.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 5 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/6"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">question</FONT></H3>
|
||
Thu, 30 May 2002 20:12:00 +0200
|
||
<BR>Robos (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=RosePetal103@aol.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%236">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
|
||
<BR>Question by RosePetal103
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
To Whom It May Concern:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
I went to ebay and found all these used laptops/notebook puters, but I
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
have no clue which one to select. For example, "Intel Pentium II=AE 366Mhz
|
||
290MB RAM
|
||
6.1GB HDD
|
||
CDROM
|
||
Sound
|
||
Windows 98
|
||
Office 2000 ..."
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
What does all that mean? And how I go about finding a good, used laptop, like
|
||
what trait(s) do I search for?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
-Thanks ,
|
||
<BR>Desperately needing laptop
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
If your question aims at running linux on that thing, compare what
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linux-laptop.net"
|
||
>http://www.linux-laptop.net</A> has to say to the model you like.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 6 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/7"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">checkinstall</FONT></H3>
|
||
Thu, 30 May 2002 13:48:04 +0100 (BST)
|
||
<BR>Mike Martin (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%237">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I dont know whether anyone else on the list has used the utility
|
||
checkinstall available at:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
<A HREF="http://asic-linux.com.mx/~izto/checkinstall"
|
||
>http://asic-linux.com.mx/~izto/checkinstall</A>
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
What it is the solution to the problem of maintaining a rpm/deb based
|
||
system with compiling programs from source
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Basically what it does is runs make install and then makes a
|
||
functional rpm and installs it.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
It is not perfect but certainly works well enough to continued use
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I regard it now as pretty much indispensible when | am following a
|
||
project (eg: gnome2)
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
My feeling is that it ives the flexibilty of using source packages
|
||
without losing package management
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hi!
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Well, there was some coverage of that utility here in germany in the
|
||
magazine (print) "linux-user". Seems to be quite nice, I've used it
|
||
several times and it worked most of the times. Not always, but when it
|
||
doesn't work you can still fall back to
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>./configure
|
||
make
|
||
make install
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Robos
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 7 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/8"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">'crypt' error !!</FONT></H3>
|
||
Wed, 05 Jun 2002 18:16:40 +0530 (IST)
|
||
<BR>Karl-Heinz Herrman (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=siba_das2001@yahoo.co.in&cc=karl@igcar.ernet.in&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%238">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
|
||
<BR>Question by sibabrata
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I have got a peculiar problem in hand.
|
||
Got this code compiled properly in red hat Linux 6.1(g++ compiler
|
||
version 2.91.66 ) but giving error in red hat 7.1(g++ compiler version
|
||
2.96).But if compiled with red hat 7.1(gcc compiler version 2.96) , it
|
||
is doing perfectly fine.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
why this in-consistency ?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Source code:
|
||
Server.c
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Command:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><CODE>
|
||
g++ -lcrypt server.c
|
||
</CODE></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Error:
|
||
'crypt' undeclared
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Since it seems nobody tried an answer yet I try to add some cents:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockQuote><ul>
|
||
<LI>first thing coming to my mind is probably a typo in the mail -- but server.c and
|
||
Server.c might be different files....
|
||
</ul></blockQuote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
You <EM>do</EM> the right includes (whatever they are, crypt.h problaby), do you?
|
||
There might be a difference where crypt is stored for gcc and for g++ -- so gcc
|
||
and g++ might behave differently. Also g++ might might have changed in default
|
||
location or default behaviour of including C headers. Try to locate crypt.h (or
|
||
wherever crypt is defined). Is there a g++ version of it? What happens if you put
|
||
-I ad -L explicitly to the gcc crypt path?
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Then crypt is probably compiled by gcc -- this has a different routine name
|
||
mangling then g++, so you might have to call not crypt but '_crypt' or 'crypt_' or
|
||
something like that (speaking from very little experience with how to use fortran
|
||
subroutines in C -- and a peculiar problem lately: if I compiled a subroutine with
|
||
gcc I got a "..." undefined from the linker. If I compile it with g++ everzthing
|
||
works.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I would have expected "better" integration with gnu c and c++ -- but there you go.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
K.-H.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 8 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/9"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">demand dialing</FONT></H3>
|
||
Sun, 02 Jun 2002 21:30:51 -0500
|
||
<BR>Jim Bradley (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=jebradl@attglobal.net&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%239">jebradl from attglobal.net</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">This is in reply to
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue79/lg_mail#wanted/7">LG 79, help wanted #7.</a>
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
There are two linux versions that I've used as a server for demand dialout for internet access, and both worked well. One is Coyote linux, which is a floppy disk boot
|
||
version, and can be run on a 386 with numeric coprocessor or a true 486 (or 486sx with numeric coprocessor). I don't recall it's memory requirements. The other version
|
||
that is good is the mitel (formerly e-smith) at www.e-smith.org. It requires a 586 class processor, but also setsup DNS, and other server functions.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 9 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/10"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Modem speed and diald</FONT></H3>
|
||
Sun, 9 Jun 2002 17:54:10 -0400
|
||
<BR>Ben Okopnik (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=n.youngman@ntlworld.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2310">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
|
||
<BR>Question by Neil Youngman
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I've mainly been connecting to the internet using diald, but I've noticed
|
||
that I'm only getting about 3.5 KBps , whereas on W98 I get about 5KBps. A
|
||
little experimentation shows that dialling with kppp gives about 5KBps as
|
||
well.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
kppp seems to use an initialisation string of ATM1L1, but changing MODEM_INIT
|
||
to "ATM1L1" in <TT>/etc/diald/connect</TT>, didn't improve the performance.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
MODEM_INIT started out as "ATZ&C1&D2%C0". I changed "%C0" to "%C3" to ensure
|
||
that compression was enabled, but this made no difference. I can't find an
|
||
option in diald to log exactly what's sent to the modem and I can't see any
|
||
conflicting options in the configuration for pppd.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Any suggestions for how to track down why kppp gets better performance than
|
||
diald would be appreciated.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
The modem is an MRI 56K internal modem.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I'm not sure how you would test this, but I suspect that it's not your
|
||
PPP connection that's slowing you down - "diald" uses SLIP as a "fake
|
||
interface" that's always up, which is why you don't get error messages
|
||
from Netscape and such when you try to connect. It listens for requests,
|
||
then makes the PPP connection "behind your back". It's been a long time
|
||
since I've used it, and I'm rather fuzzy on the details, but ISTR that
|
||
"diald" let you play around with SLIP settings... sorry I can't be of
|
||
any more help, but that's pretty much the extent of what I remember. I
|
||
also STR that "diald" had a good set of documents with it which I found
|
||
very helpful in working around a problem that I had with it. Good luck.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 10 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/11"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Exchange with Linux</FONT></H3>
|
||
Tue, 4 Jun 2002 11:11:44 -0700
|
||
<BR>John Helms (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=jhelms@cvch.org&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2311">jhelms from cvch.org</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hope this is the right address for answers as well as questions.
|
||
Regarding Linux Exchange
|
||
In my quest to use Linux without having to use Windows in our network I
|
||
discovered a couple of simple solutions.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
1. Most any email client will work with a default install of exchange if you
|
||
enter your login as in the following:
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
domain/username
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Of course all the group features will not work with this solution but simple
|
||
email is no problem.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
2. You can use a browser with a default install of exchange since it also
|
||
installs IIS as a webserver. Various browsers will have different degrees of
|
||
success since of course IE is the "prefered" browser.
|
||
Type the following in your browser substituting your exchange servers correct
|
||
IP address:
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
<A HREF="http://ipaddress/exchange"
|
||
>http://ipaddress/exchange</A>
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
This will give you access to all the group features if your browser will
|
||
render the Microsoft proprietary technology.
|
||
Thanks for reading
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
John Helms
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 11 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/12"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Grub vs LILO</FONT></H3>
|
||
Wed, 12 Jun 2002 12:55:23 -0500 (COT)
|
||
<BR>John Karns (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=bill@cc.usu.edu&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2312">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
|
||
<BR>Question by William J. Terry
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Does anyone know what the Grub command is that replaces the LILO command
|
||
append="hdb=ide-scsi"
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
It would be the same syntax, minus the "append=".
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The append="" stuff is part of the Lilo syntax. Your grub.conf file
|
||
should look something like:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>default=1
|
||
timeout=10
|
||
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
|
||
title Example
|
||
root (hd0,0)
|
||
kernel /vmlinuz ro root=/dev/hda3 hdc=ide-scsi vga=1 console=/dev/tty2 CONSOLE=/dev/tty2
|
||
initrd /initrd-2.4.18-whatever
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
where you are allowed to use "\" and the end of a line, to mean line continuation.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 12 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/13"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Email Linux To Windows - a simple solution for reference</FONT></H3>
|
||
Wed, 5 Jun 2002 14:59:05 +0100 (BST)
|
||
<BR>Mike Martin (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2313">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<blockQuote><ol>
|
||
<LI>Set up mail server on Linux with user ids as applicable (exim
|
||
reads userids from linux box)
|
||
|
||
<LI>Set up fetchmail to poll server at isp
|
||
|
||
<LI>install and activate pop3 server on linux box
|
||
|
||
<LI>poll for mail by pop3 to the linux box account
|
||
</ol></blockQuote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
a more detailed example is at:
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue43/stumpel.html"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue43/stumpel.html</A>
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 13 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/14"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">linuxconf setup</FONT></H3>
|
||
Sat, 22 Jun 2002 02:37:33 +1000
|
||
<BR>Serkan Akdag (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=serkanakdag@optushome.com.au&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2314">serkanakdag from optushome.com.au</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">This is in reply to
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue79/lg_mail.html#wanted/3">LG 79 help wanted #3.</a>
|
||
Our reader wondered about setting up ACLs so he could access
|
||
his Linuxconf remotely without letting everyone else in.
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-7.1-Manual/custom-guide/linuxconf-lcinterfaces.html"
|
||
>http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-7.1-Manual/custom-guide/linuxconf-lcinterfaces.html</A>
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
That should help you
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> Good luck
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 14 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/15"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Kernel Message: VM: Killing resource foo (bar)....</FONT></H3>
|
||
Sat, 08 Jun 2002 17:57:13 +0200
|
||
<BR>Didier Heyden (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2315">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
|
||
<BR>Question by Thomas Adams, the <em>LG</em> Weekend Mechanic
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Hi Gang,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hello Thomas!
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I am wondering if someone would be so kind as to expain to me why I
|
||
get the following error messgae:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
Grangedairy: kernel: VM: killing resource acroread
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><CODE>
|
||
[ quickly find-grepping that in the kernel source tree ]
|
||
</CODE></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Ok, it's in "arch/i386/mm/fault.c". (Actually for 2.4.17 it's "killing
|
||
process xxx" but I presume it doesn't really matter). It seems to occur
|
||
whenever a process tries to read something from a memory page which is
|
||
not accessible because of an out-of-memory condition.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
The above message is brought about, by an abnormal exit of the adobe
|
||
acrobat reader. For some reason, my computer will slow down to a
|
||
snails pace when I am reading a pdf document,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
That's when the system starts swapping out madly. Does it happen with
|
||
<EM>any</EM> PDF document, or only really big ones? What if you disable "Use
|
||
Page Cache" and/or "Allow Background Download of Entire File" in your
|
||
Acroread preferences (assuming those are currently turned on)?
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
and then X will kill acroread without any warning.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
X itself has nothing to do with the actual killing. It's the way the
|
||
kernel preserves your system from a total crash. What amount of RAM
|
||
do you have?
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
When I check my <TT>/var/log/messages</TT> file, I get the above message.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
What causes this, and what does it mean???
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
OOM.
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> Virtual memory exhausted.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I tried running "strace" on the "acroread" process, but the file ended
|
||
up being 38.2MB, despite me telling it only to display a certain
|
||
number of lines
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/unsmily.gif" ALT=":-("
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
So maybe your PDF document is a resource hog. Or there is some
|
||
incompatibility between the version of Acrobat Reader installed on your
|
||
system and your current set of libraries (even Acrobat 5 is
|
||
<EM>dynamically</EM> linked, mmph... this has obvious advantages but since
|
||
their reader is only distributed in binary form...) or some bug in
|
||
Adobe's product turns it into an self-destructing madsoft.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
It yeilded nothing useful, anyway from what I could see.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The kernel's divine intervention in such cases is kinda brutal. Expect
|
||
the same sort of things as those resulting from a SIGKILL: perhaps the
|
||
process was "innocently" trying to <TT> read()</TT> something then it just
|
||
vaporized into limbo.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Thanks,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Well I hope this'll help you somewhat.
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
--
|
||
Didier Heyden.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 15 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/16"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Parsing Strings To Equations</FONT></H3>
|
||
Fri, 14 Jun 2002 11:19:13 +0200
|
||
<BR>Didier Heyden (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=sree707@yahoo.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2316">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
|
||
<BR>Question by V Sreejith
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Can anybody in this list suggest a method
|
||
to parse a string into a mathematical equation
|
||
and then compute the values according to the
|
||
equation.I have to do this in C in Linux.
|
||
Is there any such code available in C.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Is there a similar command in Linux.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I have tried myself a lot.It is getting more and more complex.This
|
||
is going to the level of a compiler design.ie,the task is similar to
|
||
"how a compiler reads the source code and manipulates it", i also
|
||
have to do a somewhat similar task.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Yes. Maybe not as complex as a C parser, because the corresponding
|
||
grammar will probably be <EM>much</EM> cleaner; but the part of the
|
||
program which will be dedicated to the symbolic computation won't be
|
||
easy to write. But if you try with tools such as `flex' and `yacc'
|
||
(or `bison') the parser itself can be implemented in a relatively short
|
||
time, at least once you have read enough documentation about those
|
||
development tools, and thoroughly understood the basic concepts.
|
||
The related `info' pages are most useful, and finding tutorials and
|
||
likewise on the net is fairly trivial.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
What's interesting with `bison'-based parsers is that one can more
|
||
easily split such tasks into smaller, independent parts, i.e. separate
|
||
completely the syntactical analysis of the source code from the rest.
|
||
For the parser itself, the work essentially consists in writing a
|
||
correct grammar for the corresponding developed language.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Then I tried google search but
|
||
didn't find any useful links in C.I haven't done an extensive search.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
For symbolic computation LISP-like languages may prove more adequate
|
||
than C.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Then I contacted you,the answer gang. I thought if somebody here has
|
||
previously done a similar task..it would be helpful for me if they
|
||
share it.. or just give me some links to some resources on the net
|
||
having information about this...
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Well, what I'm saying here is nothing more than <EM>one</EM> possibility among
|
||
others. Keep in mind that whatever solution you choose, you'll have to
|
||
invest a good deal of time to fully work it out.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
regards sree
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
HTH,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
-- Didier Heyden.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 16 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/17"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">lpd/lpr problems with serial printer</FONT></H3>
|
||
Tue, 4 Jun 2002 03:25:56 EDT
|
||
<BR>Doug (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=markgorat@cox.net&cc=Grohne@aol.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2317">Grohne from aol.com</a>)
|
||
<BR>Question by Mark Gorat
|
||
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">This is in reply to
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue79/lg_mail.html#wanted/6">LG 79, help wanted #6.</a>
|
||
Rather than solving the problem as asked, Doug suggests a different
|
||
approach.
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I have only used lpr over a TCP/IP network. Would it be possible to connect
|
||
the printer to a serial to ethernet print server (Intel and HP work with
|
||
Linux)? Then network to the Linux box. And then have all devices/terminals
|
||
use lpr/lpd.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Doug
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 17 -->
|
||
<!-- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -->
|
||
<HR WIDTH="40%" ALIGN="center">
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy"></FONT></H3>
|
||
Mon, 24 Jun 2002 12:20:26 -0300
|
||
<BR>Raul Dias (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=raul@dias.com.br&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2317">raul from dias.com.br</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">Raul knows which software he should be using instead.
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hi,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
From the article:
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
I am using Mandrake 8.2. I have recently installed a serial printer using a Digi Classic-8
|
||
ISA card. . . . I can print to this printer by using 'cat {filename} > <TT>/dev/ttyS11</TT>' and
|
||
this works just fine, however I cannot get lpr to print to this printer.
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
AFAIK, lpd does not come with mdk 8.2.
|
||
IIRC, no up to date distribution ships lpd anymore. At
|
||
least they have replaced it with LPRng or CUPS.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I don't use MDK, but I do use Cups which is the default
|
||
printer system in MDK.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I have two serial printers (ttyS0 and ttyS1) working fine.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
All you got to do is to log into <A HREF="http://localhost:631"
|
||
>http://localhost:631</A> and
|
||
add a new printer.
|
||
Select the proper Serial Port and the most important,
|
||
set the correct values to the printer.
|
||
My printers works at 9600 and 4800 only.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
This should be more than fine to live test.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
If you will keep with lpd, the <TT>/etc/printcap</TT> is the place to go.
|
||
The man page for printcap will provide the right arguments
|
||
for setting the ttyS printer.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Regards,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Raul Dias
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 17 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/18"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Getting files out of a .rpm file without installing it</FONT></H3>
|
||
Sat, 8 Jun 2002 20:54:01 -0400
|
||
<BR>Ashwin N (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=ashwin_n@gmx.net&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2318">ashwin_n from gmx.net</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Ever wanted to get those files out of a .rpm without installing it?
|
||
Ofcourse it's easier to just install it, but sometimes it is not
|
||
possible because a newer version may already be present on the system.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
In such cases, the utility "rpm2cpio" can be used to extract the files
|
||
of the RPM into a cpio archive.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
For example:
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
$ rpm2cpio < xmms-2.4.rpm > xmms.cpio
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The files can then be extracted from the cpio file using the "cpio"
|
||
command.
|
||
For example:
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><CODE>
|
||
$ cpio -i -d < xmms.cpio
|
||
</CODE></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
In this case the files will be extracted with absolute paths into the
|
||
present directory.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 18 -->
|
||
<!-- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -->
|
||
<HR WIDTH="40%" ALIGN="center">
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy"></FONT></H3>
|
||
|
||
<BR>Ben Okopnik (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2318">the <em>LG</em> Answer Gang</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
A good 2-cents' worth, Ashwin. However, you can do this even easier by
|
||
selecting the RPM and pressing 'Enter' in Midnight Commander; all the
|
||
files are under "CONTENTS.cpio", and you can explore the rest of the RPM
|
||
structure at will. There are also two executable metafiles called
|
||
"INSTALL" and "UPGRADE"; if you're viewing the file as root, you can do
|
||
either one simply by scrolling down to them and pressing 'Enter'. The
|
||
above functionality also applies to <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</A>'s DEB files.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 18 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/19"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">ramdisk and initrd fundamentals?</FONT></H3>
|
||
Wed, 5 Jun 2002 00:59:06 -0700 (PDT)
|
||
<BR>James Stewart (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=Steven.J.Hathaway@state.or.us&cc=wartstew@yahoo.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2319">wartstew from yahoo.com</a>)
|
||
<BR>Question by Steven J. Hathaway
|
||
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">This is in reply to
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue79/lg_mail.html#wanted/4">Issue 79, Help Wanted #4</a>
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
{1st time at this, let's see what happens}
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
What documentation is available for ramdisk and initrd
|
||
fundamentals?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
When "initrd" is specified in "lilo.conf" and the
|
||
Linux kernel is configured for ramdisk support, and
|
||
the system is booted, what ramdisk image is loaded
|
||
first or at all?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
You also need to configure the kernel to do an
|
||
"initrd" as well as a "Ramdisk" if this is what you
|
||
wish to do.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
The "initrd" image or the kernel ramdisk image?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
"initrd" loads first. It loads from the bootloader
|
||
(LiLo, Loadlin, etc.) while still in "real" mode using
|
||
the PC's BIOS calls, and loads before the kernel
|
||
loads. The purpose of the initrd is to provide what
|
||
ever support files that the kernel might need to find
|
||
its root file system. Typically people wishing to
|
||
have a generic boot disk that will boot just about
|
||
anything can put disk controller drivers, various
|
||
filesystems, PC-Card drivers and even networking
|
||
drivers in here. Then the kernel is set to attempt to
|
||
load all of them, but of course only the ones that
|
||
match existing hardware will actually load. After this
|
||
process, the initrd can be destroyed to free up the
|
||
memory (but I don't know how this is done) as the boot
|
||
process continues to find the real root filesystem to
|
||
boot from. This file system can reside on anything the
|
||
kernel has a driver loaded for, which includes a
|
||
"ramdisk". I'm not sure if something in initrd may be
|
||
needed to set up the "ramdisk". After the kernel
|
||
finishes booting, control is handed off to <TT>/sbin/init</TT>
|
||
which then begins executing things in <TT>/linuxrc.</TT>
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
In summery: the initrd is loaded using only BIOS and
|
||
simply saves you from having to compile all these
|
||
drivers into the kernel, only to have many of them
|
||
unused and take up memory in the running system. It
|
||
also the only way to deal with PC-Card devices that
|
||
might be needed to boot that are only availble as
|
||
external modules
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
What programs are responsible for the loading the
|
||
"initrd" and "ramdisk" root images (kernel or LILO
|
||
boot.d).
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
"initrd": is loaded with the bootloader. For the
|
||
ramdisk, I'm not sure if the kernel can do this
|
||
automatically, I expect you have to wait until an
|
||
"init" "rc" script residing in initrd can do it
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Note that the Linux kernel does not need LILO in order
|
||
to load a ramdisk from a second floppy using the same
|
||
drive.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Right, LiLo is completely out of the picture by this
|
||
time.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
When is "pivot_root" an implicit process, and when
|
||
must it be explicitly invoked?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Don't know
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
What is the difference between a LILO specified
|
||
"initrd" and the kernel specified ramdisk loaded as
|
||
root?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
See the above lengthy paragraph
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I have a fundamental problem understanding the
|
||
relationships between an "initrd" image, ramdisk root
|
||
image, and the use of <TT>/initrd</TT>, <TT>/linuxrc</TT>, and
|
||
swap-root.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Sorry that I don't have all the answers. In fact I
|
||
may be wrong in places since I have never really done
|
||
this sort of thing before.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
James
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><code><font color="#000033"><br>Linux is the one competitor Microsoft
|
||
<br>can't buy,
|
||
<br>can't intimidate, and
|
||
<br>can't stop.
|
||
</font></code></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">If Linux were an "it" I might agree with the "one" part, but
|
||
if you just take Linux as the kernel, it's like saying rotary engines
|
||
(the natural competitor to the cylinder style) are competing with Ford,
|
||
and if you don't, then there are a lot of different brand name Linuxen
|
||
(Linuces?) out here to choose from. Plus I don't think it's fair to
|
||
forget all the freely usable BSD variants out there. They could make
|
||
something with a BSD core but they can't force "customer lock-in".
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">They <EM>could</EM> "buy" Linux - in the sense of using it commercially -
|
||
but they wouldn't pay the price we charge (freedom for derivitive
|
||
works).
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">Of course since we have so many varieties - and any effort to mention
|
||
how un-glitzy and unready that Linux thingy is just causes more people
|
||
to notice it as a possibility - plus the fact that many Linux distros
|
||
are non commercial and all the parts and then some are easier to get
|
||
than your average blinkylight at Radio Shack, I have to agree with the
|
||
last. Look out for that "Palladium" chip trick they're trying to pull
|
||
though. It sounds just like the Clipper Chip of yesteryear.
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 19 -->
|
||
<!-- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -->
|
||
<HR WIDTH="40%" ALIGN="center">
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy"></FONT></H3>
|
||
Mon, 3 Jun 2002 21:10:50 +0200
|
||
<BR>Lennart Benschop (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=l.benschop2@chello.nl&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2319">l.benschop2 from chello.nl</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Did you look at the files ramdisk.txt and initrd.txt in the Documentation
|
||
subdirectory of the kernel source itself? It may be obvious, but many of your
|
||
questions seem to be answered here.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The <A HREF="http://www.slackware.org/">Slackware</A>-style ramdisk at startup (see file ramdisk.txt) is loaded by the
|
||
kernel from a device (almost always a floppy) where the offset can be
|
||
specified. This ramdisk remains the root file system throughout the lifetime
|
||
of the kernel. You can boot the kernel directly from a floppy (just dd the
|
||
image to <TT>/dev/fd0</TT>) without a boot loader and still use this type of ramdisk.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The initrd ramdisk is much more flexible, but you do need a real boot loader
|
||
to use it. It is loaded into memory by a boot loader. All Linux boot loaders
|
||
(LILO, LOADLIN, SYSLINUX and GRUB) can use this type of ramdisk. The file
|
||
<TT>/linuxrc</TT> inside the initrd ramdisk is the first program to be executed.
|
||
Linuxrc can do any of the following things:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockQuote><ul>
|
||
<LI>load additional modules (e.g. scsi host adapter drivers that the kernel
|
||
needs to access the hard disk)
|
||
|
||
<LI>prepare other file systems, e.g. on the hard disk or on different ram disk
|
||
devices (/dev/ram2)
|
||
|
||
<LI>temporarily mount other file systems (e.g to retrieve extra programs).
|
||
|
||
<LI>set the real root device (by writing to /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev)
|
||
</ul></blockQuote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
When linuxrc terminates, the real root device (possibly a different ramdisk on
|
||
<TT>/dev/ram2</TT>) will be mounted as root and <TT>/sbin/init</TT> will be run as usual. So
|
||
the initrd ramdisk will be the root file system only as long as <TT>/linuxrc</TT> is
|
||
running. Using this approach you can forget about the older type of startup
|
||
ramdisk.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Because it is loaded by the boot loader, an initrd ramdisk can be loaded from
|
||
the floppy image on an El Torrito bootable CD-ROM, while the older type of
|
||
startup ramdisk can't.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The kernel command line is passed to the kernel by the boot loader (e.g. LILO)
|
||
as a pointer to a string in memory. The kernel parses various arguments on
|
||
that command line for itself and can pass the rest as a command line to init.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Just some minor additions:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockQuote><ul>
|
||
<LI>I don't think that the boot loader passes the pernel command line as a
|
||
pointer (I think it's at a fixed location), but it _is_ a string in memory
|
||
that the kernel processes later.
|
||
|
||
<LI>The boot loader loads any initrd ramdisk into RAM using the BIOS disk device
|
||
(therefore it works from a disk image on a bootable CD-ROM) and places
|
||
the command line also in RAM. Next it jumps to the setup.S part of the
|
||
kernel From then on the boot loader's work is over.
|
||
|
||
<LI>The kernel moves itself, the command line and the initrd disk image around
|
||
in RAM, decompresses itself and initializes a lot of things.
|
||
|
||
<LI>If there is an initrd ramdisk, the kernel can gunzip it (if it is
|
||
compressed) and copies it to /dev/ram (internal ramdisk device). Next it
|
||
does the temporary root device trick that I have already explained.
|
||
</ul></blockQuote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Further reading: kernel source tree:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockQuote><ul>
|
||
<LI>arch/i386/boot/bootsect.S (is only used when the kernel is booted directly
|
||
from a floppy, is skipped by LILO and other boot loaders).
|
||
|
||
<LI>arch/i386/boot/setup.S (real-mode initialization, entry point for LILO).
|
||
|
||
<LI>arch/i386/kernel/head.S (protected mode initialization).
|
||
|
||
<LI>anything in arch/i386/boot/compressed (see how the kernel decompresses
|
||
itself).
|
||
|
||
<LI>init/main.c initialization flow, including temporary initrd mount and
|
||
starting of init.
|
||
|
||
<LI>drivers/block/rd.c (ramdisk driver, also for initrd ramdisk, decompression
|
||
etc). Almost all code (including initialization) is shared between the
|
||
initrd and normal ramdisk.
|
||
</ul></blockQuote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
-- Lennart
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 19 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/20"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Re: Making executables smaller</FONT></H3>
|
||
Mon, 3 Jun 2002 15:31:16 -0700
|
||
<BR>John M. Fisk (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=&cc=John.Fisk@yale.edu&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2080%5D%202c%20Tips%20%231">John.Fisk from yale.edu</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hello Gals and Guys,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I enjoyed reading the latest batch of 2 cent tips and thought I'd pass
|
||
along one more small bit of information:
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
Besides using "strip" to reduce the size of an executable, if you're into
|
||
compiling from source you can use the "-Os" optimization, which will
|
||
optimize for size (should work with an respectably recent version of
|
||
GCC). For the ultimate in downsizing, you can also link your apps against
|
||
any of a number of libc derivatives. Check <A HREF="http://freshmeat.net"
|
||
>http://freshmeat.net</A> for the
|
||
latest versions of:
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></P>
|
||
|
||
<blockQuote><ul>
|
||
<LI>diet libc: <A HREF="http://www.fefe.de/dietlibc"
|
||
>http://www.fefe.de/dietlibc</A>
|
||
<br>this site also provides documentation and helpful links
|
||
|
||
|
||
<LI>uClibc: <A HREF="http://www.uclibc.org"
|
||
>http://www.uclibc.org</A>
|
||
<br>designed specifically for embedded systems; additional links avail.
|
||
</ul></blockQuote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Several other similar projects are out there; these were the first to come
|
||
to mind. Thanks so much.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
cheers,
|
||
<br>John
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/lj"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Linux Journal Weekly News Notes Tech Tips</FONT></H3>
|
||
|
||
<h4 align="center"><br>sending Microsoft Word documents
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<P>
|
||
If someone asks you for a file in Microsoft Word format, don't panic
|
||
or start to do something dumb, like dual-booting. Just convert the
|
||
file to HTML, do a cp file.html file.doc and send the ".doc" file.
|
||
Microsoft Word will automatically import it.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<HR width="10%" align="center">
|
||
<h4 align="center"><br>Keeping a persistent session as you log in and out from different terminals
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Here's the Ten-Second Guide to screen for people who just don't want
|
||
to type stuff over when they lose their net connection.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockQuote><ol>
|
||
<LI>ssh to the server you need to work on.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<LI>Type screen.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<LI>Do what you need to do. It will be inside a screen session.
|
||
</ol></blockQuote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
When your connection fails:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockQuote><ol>
|
||
<LI>ssh to the server.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<LI>Run screen -r to resume your session where you got cut off.
|
||
</ol></blockQuote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Joy!
|
||
</P>
|
||
<HR width="10%" align="center">
|
||
<h4 align="center"><br>Outlook to Evolution
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Upgrading from Microsoft Outlook to Evolution? To free your address
|
||
book from Microsoft's proprietary format, just sync it to a Palm Pilot
|
||
then sync it back into Evolution. (If you have to borrow a friend's
|
||
Palm Pilot to do this, back it up first with pilot-xfer, then restore
|
||
when you're done.)
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Source: Ari Jort, New York Linux Users Group
|
||
</P>
|
||
<HR width="10%" align="center">
|
||
<h4 align="center"><br>Mozilla port paranoia
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<P>
|
||
You've just hooked up a cool web-administered device; you type in the
|
||
device's IP address and port number, and Mozilla says, "Access to the
|
||
port number given has been disabled for security reasons." What?
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Fix it in Mozilla's all.js configuration file, which probably lives in
|
||
usr/lib/mozilla/defaults/pref/all.js or somewhere like that. If the
|
||
banned devices are on ports 1080 and 31337, add the line:
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
pref("network.security.ports.banned.override", "1080,31337");
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
to the all.js file.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<HR width="10%" align="center">
|
||
<h4 align="center"><br>Renaming a file that has a special character in the name
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Help! I can't rename a file with a special character in its name!
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
If you have a file called important?file, and the ? is really some
|
||
character you can't figure out how to type, try this:
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><CODE>
|
||
ls | grep important?file
|
||
</CODE></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Make the pattern after grep long enough that it matches only one file.
|
||
Then, when the above command matches only one file, go back up and
|
||
edit the command:
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><CODE>
|
||
mv `ls | grep important?file` important-file
|
||
</CODE></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
And you've renamed the file without ever figuring out its true name.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<HR width="10%" align="center">
|
||
<h4 align="center"><br>Have Ethernet cables, will travel
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The lightest, most compact way to be prepared to hook up to whatever
|
||
Ethernet connection you find is to carry one regular cable, one
|
||
crossover adapter and one RJ45 coupler.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre> Plug Jack
|
||
|
||
Straight none, or coupler + straight cable
|
||
straight cable
|
||
|
||
|
||
Crossover coupler + crossover adapter +
|
||
crossover adapter + straight cable
|
||
straight cable
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 20 -->
|
||
<P> <hr> </p>
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<H5 align="center">This page edited and maintained by the Editors
|
||
of <I>Linux Gazette</I>
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html"
|
||
>Copyright ©</a> 2002
|
||
<BR>Published in issue 80 of <I>Linux Gazette</I> July 2002</H5>
|
||
<H6 ALIGN="center">HTML script maintained by
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:star@starshine.org">Heather Stern</a> of
|
||
Starshine Technical Services,
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.starshine.org/">http://www.starshine.org/</A>
|
||
</H6>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -->
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><A NAME="answer">
|
||
<img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif" alt="(?)"
|
||
border="0" align="middle">
|
||
<font color="#B03060">The Answer Gang</font>
|
||
<img src="../gx/dennis/bbubble.gif" alt="(!)"
|
||
border="0" align="middle">
|
||
</A></H1>
|
||
<BR>
|
||
<H4>By Jim Dennis, Ben Okopnik, Dan Wilder, Breen, Chris, and...
|
||
(<a href="tag/bios.html">meet the Gang</a>) ...
|
||
the Editors of Linux Gazette...
|
||
|
||
and You!
|
||
<br>Send questions (or interesting answers) to
|
||
The Answer Gang
|
||
for possible publication
|
||
(but read the <a href="../tag/ask-the-gang.html">guidelines</a> first)
|
||
</H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<!-- ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -->
|
||
<p><hr><p>
|
||
<H3>Contents:</H3>
|
||
<dl>
|
||
<dt><a href="#tag/greeting"
|
||
><strong>¶: Greetings From Heather Stern</strong></A></dl>
|
||
|
||
<DL>
|
||
<!-- index_text begins -->
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/1"
|
||
><img src="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>How to Investigate a System Lockup</strong></a>
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/2"
|
||
><img src="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>How to send email without a DNS server?</strong></a>
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/3"
|
||
><img src="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(!)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>Starting many X sessions</strong></a>
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/4"
|
||
><img src="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>Playing CD Music Digital Output</strong></a>
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/5"
|
||
><img src="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>need help! Mandrake 8.1 fd0 unknown device, and downloading pictures from a digital camera</strong></a>
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/6"
|
||
><img src="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>How to optimize space usage for multiple files on multiple CDs</strong></a>
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/7"
|
||
><img src="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>/dev/scd0 is not a valid block device?</strong></a>
|
||
<!-- index_text ends -->
|
||
</DL>
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/greeting"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/hbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(¶) " border="0"
|
||
>Greetings from Heather Stern</H3>
|
||
<!-- begin hgreeting -->
|
||
<p><strong>The Answer Gang's Editor Gal
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Hello all, and welcome once more to the lively world of The Answer Gang.
|
||
I'd like to hand out a special thank you to all the readers who
|
||
definitely read the posting guidelines before asking the Gang their
|
||
question. It's helped my work a lot.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Almost the only spam that escapes Dan's traps anymore are those dratted
|
||
conman scams telling me about how their late uncle <TT>/</TT> business partner
|
||
<TT>/</TT> revered general or whatever left them a quadzillion dollars <TT>/</TT> francs
|
||
or whatever and they can't get at any of it unless you as a friend /
|
||
distant relative <TT>/</TT> confidant <TT>/</TT> conveniently uninvolved sucker open your
|
||
bank account to help them launder it. Whereupon I presume they take you
|
||
to the laundry, raid all your spare quarters and leave you in the giant
|
||
tumble-dryer with no socks. So that's the Peeve of the month. Although
|
||
I suppose I should mention that the useless use of HTML attachments
|
||
fought really hard for second place. The Klez worm gets a distant third
|
||
since infected people usually figure it out and fix themselves.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
So I didn't get very far in my personal project of the month this time.
|
||
After a foray into the space for some clients of mine, I'm starting to
|
||
seriously look into decent IMAP setups.
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.washington.edu/imap"
|
||
>UW IMAP</A>
|
||
is easy to install,
|
||
sort of like saying a tricycle is easy to drive. Any kid can do it but
|
||
it just was never designed for anything beyond being the reference
|
||
implementation for IMAP as far as I can tell. Beyond that it's somewhat
|
||
well known for being full of bugs, and their attitude towards client
|
||
side problems in the FAQ feels laced with a lot of "your client sucks,
|
||
use pine."
|
||
<A HREF="http://asg.web.cmu.edu/cyrus"
|
||
>Cyrus</A>
|
||
I glanced at and it seems sturdy enough, I guess. But the clients asked
|
||
after <A HREF="http://www.inter7.com/courierimap"
|
||
>Courier-IMAP</A>. Hmmm,
|
||
nice.
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> About ten times as fast as UW. Just don't use the MTA that
|
||
comes with it. Ugh, whatta mess. Maybe in a year or two you'll be
|
||
reading this and it will have grown up. We went back to sendmail.
|
||
If there are any other IMAP daemons
|
||
to speak of I couldn't find them all that quickly. Courier is
|
||
sufficiently cool and maildir delivery makes people happy for other
|
||
reasons.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Did I remember to say IMAP is cool? As I've been going to more
|
||
conferences with less techie features available, the idea of having my
|
||
mail on the server be willing to deal with two workstations and a laptop
|
||
carrying the same mail around doesn't sound half bad at all. And
|
||
most people can't take the other tactic that I've done, which is to get
|
||
involved with setting up internet lounge space
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Which reminds me, the
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.conjose.org"
|
||
>ConJosé</A>, the 60th World Science Fiction Convention
|
||
is coming up at the end of August, in my area, and I expect it'll be a
|
||
lot of fun. I can tell you there's gonna be some Linux around.
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=";P"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxworldexpo.com"
|
||
>Linux World Expo</A> will be in my area
|
||
in August also. WIth any luck I'll get to meet some more members of
|
||
the Answer Gang. Group photo, anyone?
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Anyways, back to IMAP. It turns out there are email specific
|
||
appliances out there running Linux and Cyrus under the hood.
|
||
Not only nice but I don't have to tinker?
|
||
Oboy! To be fair I'm good friends with the folks over at
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.imap-partners.net"
|
||
>IMAP Partners</A>
|
||
and the people who make
|
||
the appliances they use host the system for my local sysadmins group,
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.baylisa.org"
|
||
>BayLISA</A>.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
But I didn't get as far along as I wanted in my great project to
|
||
determine which IMAP clients suck the least. Our loyal readers may
|
||
recall that I have a rather cynical opinion about the usefulness of
|
||
so-called "productivity' software and and regardless of my deep
|
||
dependence on email, MUAs (mail user agents) are no exception. So
|
||
I will probably have an article about that next month. Contributions
|
||
welcome, of course.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
With that, it's time for a picnic. This year's Independence Day issue
|
||
is full of some juicy bits just waiting for you to throw some CDs on
|
||
the roaster. Me, I'll be spending a happy 4th of July hanging out with
|
||
my family down in L.A.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<!-- end hgreeting -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/1"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 1 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>How to Investigate a System Lockup</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Chris Gianakopoulos
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><strong>Answered By Didier Heyden, Breen Mullins, Ben Okopnik, Jim Dennis, John Karns
|
||
<br>with tidbits by Robos, Heather Stern
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Hi Gang,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Didier]
|
||
Hello, Chris!
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Robos]
|
||
Hi
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
I was running X tonight (with the ICEWM window manager), I had a couple of
|
||
xterms running (one with kermit running), and I was using Acrobat Reader
|
||
Version 4.0.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
As I was making a mouse movement, the my console locked up.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Robos]
|
||
Don't you have to reboot when you make a mouse-movement? Oh, wait,
|
||
that's that other thing that claims to be an os...
|
||
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=";-)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><em><font color="#000066">No less than 4 other gang members chimed in with some version of a
|
||
sigblock fortune cookie about this.
|
||
-- Heather</font></em></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
I could not even
|
||
get a response, via the Ethernet, when trying to ping my crippled Linux
|
||
system.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Which log files could I look at to try to determine what the impending
|
||
disaster could have been? I have included the tail portion of
|
||
<TT>/var/log/messages.</TT> I have included extra stuff, I suspect. I'm curious
|
||
what those entries that say "MARK" mean. Could that be related to my
|
||
lockup?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Didier]
|
||
Nope. From the `syslogd' man page:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre> -m interval
|
||
The syslogd logs a mark timestamp regularly. The
|
||
default interval between two -- MARK -- lines is 20
|
||
minutes. This can be changed with this option.
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
(However it seems that this feature is disabled in some versions of the
|
||
syslog daemon -- maybe through a compile-time option?).
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Okay. I'll investigate other stuff.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Breen]
|
||
At least on <A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat</A> it's through a run-time argument.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
The init script for syslogd reads <TT>/etc/sysconfig/syslog</TT> for its
|
||
arguments:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre># Options to syslogd
|
||
# -m 0 disables 'MARK' messages.
|
||
# -r enables logging from remote machines
|
||
# -x disables DNS lookups on messages recieved with -r
|
||
# See syslogd(8) for more details
|
||
SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-m 0 -r -x"
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
"-m 0"
|
||
is the default; I added
|
||
"-r -x"
|
||
on this machine.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Didier]
|
||
Fairly redhat-ish, indeed. My own system is based on an antediluvian
|
||
RH 5.2 distro. I'm usually not too impatient to upgrade with a full new
|
||
distro install (preferring recompiling packages from source -- RPM'ed
|
||
or not -- iff I can't no longer avoid it). Believe it or not, I haven't
|
||
drowned yet in the resulting mess
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
By that time they just had no such configuration file, and the syslog
|
||
daemon was run without <EM>any</EM> argument by default. But somehow the `--
|
||
MARK --' feature was... erm, is still in my case... <EM>totally</EM> disabled:
|
||
whatever -m xx option I try no timestamp appears in the logs.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [JimD]
|
||
Actually I think this was a bug. I reported it to the upstream
|
||
maintainer a few years ago (when I was running RH5.2) and he pointed
|
||
me to the updated version that worked.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Naturally I'd advise that you simply fetch the latest version
|
||
(in source form if you don't want to get trapped in RPM dependency
|
||
upgrade hell) and build/install that.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Didier]
|
||
Thank you very much for your suggestions, Jim. Now I know what package
|
||
to download next.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Regarding the RPM dependency hell, IIRC I once experienced core dumps
|
||
from the `rpm' program itself after having fiddled with the `--nodeps'
|
||
option (I was supposed to know what I was doing
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> The problem was
|
||
(hopefully) fixed with this simple command:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote><CODE>
|
||
rpm --rebuilddb
|
||
</CODE></blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
I'm not sure it would have worked in all situations, though. And
|
||
unfortunately I don't remember the exact version that was then installed
|
||
on my system. In fact this has most probably been fixed <EM>ages</EM> ago...
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Didier]
|
||
Note that I also have a couple of problems with the associated `klogd'
|
||
daemon, as indicated by the last two lines of the following excerpt:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>Jun 4 14:13:56 wallace kernel: klogd 1.3-3, log source = /proc/kmsg started.
|
||
Jun 4 14:13:57 wallace kernel: Loaded 15309 symbols from /boot/System.map.
|
||
Jun 4 14:13:57 wallace kernel: Symbols match kernel version 2.4.17.
|
||
Jun 4 14:13:57 wallace kernel: Error seeking in /dev/kmem
|
||
Jun 4 14:13:57 wallace kernel: Error adding kernel module table entry.
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
The other weird thing is that that ancient kernel log daemon cannot be
|
||
stopped by anything but a plain SIGKILL. Doesn't prevent me from having
|
||
nice dreams, however.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Didier]
|
||
Unfortunately, when one experiences such brutal lockups, the logs are
|
||
often not of much use: the whole system freezes before the daemon is
|
||
given a chance to write anything in them -- even if some kernel oops
|
||
actually occurred. The only way to see this happening would be to have
|
||
the kernel writing directly to the console (assuming you're currently
|
||
viewing the console output, but it won't do in a X session unless,
|
||
maybe, console output has been redirected to a serial port at boot
|
||
time?)
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Upgrading your kernel might help, provided the lockup was not caused
|
||
by some hardware (RAM?) failure.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
That's pretty much what I would suspect - hardware. The only times I've
|
||
seen Linux hang has been hardware-related stuff. In one very annoying
|
||
case, my laptop would hang for a number of seconds, several times per
|
||
day - and I had to live with it, because the PCMCIA card causing it was
|
||
my wireless modem which was on 24x7. AFAICT, it took a huge chunk of CPU
|
||
when it switched channels (sometimes the CPU load meter would actually
|
||
catch the spike before everything froze); fortunately, it didn't do that
|
||
very often.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Didier]
|
||
Another example is an IDE cd-rom or cd-writer device buggy enough to
|
||
suck up every possible CPU clock cycle whenever it fails to read or
|
||
burn the medium, the system thus becoming almost unusable -- especially
|
||
in the case where the application which makes use of it is run with a
|
||
static real-time priority (cf. `cdrecord'). Actually I've never figured
|
||
out whether some ill-written code in the IDE <TT>/</TT> IDE-SCSI driver could be
|
||
held responsible for such a misbehavior or if it was simply inevitable
|
||
on this kind of architecture.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Real-time constraints in a multi-tasking operating system are often
|
||
very difficult to deal with anyway.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
<sigh> Hardware stuff like PCMCIA has root-level access -
|
||
has to, to access privileged ports, etc. - and unfortunately I know of
|
||
no way to mitigate that. I wish there was a "nice" utility for
|
||
hardware...
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather] ACPI might like to be that, someday.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Didier]
|
||
I once read that running a shell with a posix real-time scheduling
|
||
policy could help in some situations. Unfortunately I've never heard
|
||
either of a `nice'-like utility which could be used to launch `bash',
|
||
`csh', etc. this way. I assume that in fact you must have a special
|
||
version of your favorite shell, containing direct calls to
|
||
<TT>sched_setscheduler()</TT>, in order to do that -- but I'm not sure.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
RAM is always a possibility. The system seems awful reliable, though.
|
||
Maybe it IS time to upgrade to a new distro just for the fun of it.
|
||
I say distro rather than kernel so that I can use XFree86 version 4.x. My
|
||
friends at work keep offering <A HREF="http://www.suse.com/">SuSE</A> 8.0. I believe that the S3 Trio64v+ is
|
||
supported, so nothing is really stopping me from going to the new distro.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I am guessing that it is related to whatever applications might have been
|
||
running under X in combination with Acrobat (if not a hardware problem).
|
||
Dynamic systems are always the most difficult to troubleshoot.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<p align="center">See attached <tt><a href="misc/tag/chrisg.logfile.txt">chrisg.logfile.txt</a></tt></p>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [John]
|
||
Continuing on the kernel side of the issue, a thread on a related subject
|
||
just came up on a LUG list I'm on:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<TABLE WIDTH="95%" BORDER="1" BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC"><TR><TD>
|
||
<p align="center">...............</p>
|
||
<blockQuote><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
Various applications find System.map themselves, based on a standardized
|
||
search path and name scheme. The non-specific name version "System.map"
|
||
is the last taken, first it tries to find it as:
|
||
System.map-${uname -r}
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Now if you have "System.map", and multiple kernels, without specifically
|
||
named System.map files, then only one boot kernel will find the right
|
||
System.map. Not everything needs kernel symbols to work right, but some
|
||
do, those are the ones that will have problems. Perhaps even with
|
||
different kernels, the symbol search scheme will still find the right
|
||
place for the symbol it needs (I'm not sure what scheme it uses, e.g.,
|
||
it might be a simple offset). Lilo itself does not have any knowledge of
|
||
System.map, as far as I know (I'm not 100% certain, but probably about
|
||
90% certain). Now one place that is searched is the standard kernel
|
||
build source location, <TT>/usr/src/linux/</TT> (or maybe <TT>/usr/src/linux-2.4/</TT> in
|
||
some cases), and so if you install from that, and do not alter
|
||
System.map in that directory, then you symbols should be resolved until
|
||
you build a new kernel and overwrite the old one.
|
||
</blockQuote><p align="center">...............</p>
|
||
</TD></TR></TABLE>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Thank you all (there are so many names to list!) for your quick responses
|
||
to my question. I'm gonna do some detective work. My perception was that
|
||
the system locked up. The only thing that I really know is that the console
|
||
and the network did not respond. I got two serial ports on my system. I
|
||
dedicate one to the modem, and I use the other for kermitting around. I
|
||
think that I am going to use my nonmodem serial port for a login session.
|
||
Would it not be funny if the system was still running and only my network
|
||
stuff failed as a result of an X lockup?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
That would seem odd, though. Since I was running X via my local console
|
||
(you know -- with the keyboard and display), I would expect Unix domain
|
||
sockets to be used, thus, bypassing TCP (the network stream stuff).
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
You all gave me lots of good ideas, and thanks much again. This email
|
||
response is like a broadcast thanks to all of you!
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 1 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/2"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 2 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>How to send email without a DNS server?</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Faber Fedor
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><strong>Answered By John Karns, Mike "Iron" Orr, Mike Martin, Heather Stern, Ben Okopnik
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Hi Gang!
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
A client of mine is discovering the Joy That Is Linux. He recently
|
||
asked me if it was possible to send email from applications (written in
|
||
JBASE, a PICK shell that runs on Linux). I mentioned that you could do
|
||
this:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><CODE>
|
||
mail -s "Some Subject" user1@domain.com < output_from_app
|
||
</CODE></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
and he was impressed. He has since come up with several time- and
|
||
resource-savings applications of that simple redirection to the mail
|
||
command.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
He has raised an intersting (to me) question and although I can come up
|
||
with two solutions, I'm looking for a better one. Also, it's generated
|
||
a question that I can't answer, hence this posting.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
The question is: How do you send mail between two linux boxen if there
|
||
is no DNS server from which to query for an MX record?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Now, I'm not asking for the impossible here. The two boxen run
|
||
sendmail/postfix and they are on the same internal network (the sender
|
||
is 10.10.10.1 and the receiver is 10.10.10.2).
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I could tell him to install a DNS server, which he would do (I love
|
||
clients that listen to me
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> but there should be a simpler solution.
|
||
We could send the email to a local user on .1 and fetchmail the mail
|
||
from .2, but that's too much of a kludge for my taste.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I've been through the HOWTOS and google and didn't find anything
|
||
applicable (at this point Ben walks in, donning his mirrored
|
||
sunglasses, executes a google search using 1.5 words (without quotes),
|
||
finds The Canonical Page that answers this question and makes me look
|
||
like a fool (again
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">).
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Ideas?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
<mock growl> Don't <EM>do</EM> that, Faber; the fact that one of us has the
|
||
answer <em> _does not</em> make the rest of us look like fools. Unproductive
|
||
attitude there, sir. Me, I'm always happy when I see one of the other
|
||
Gangsters come up with an answer to something I don't know (how d'you
|
||
think I <EM>got</EM> this smart?
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> - I get to learn stuff, which is a very
|
||
good thing indeed.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather] half a search word?
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Iron]
|
||
mail remote_user@10.10.10.2
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Some mail transfer agents may balk at it, but I've found it to work
|
||
most of the time.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather] Works even better if the IP address is in brackets:
|
||
remote_user@[10.10.10.2]
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
Also, you can put the domain names in the poor man's DNS: <TT>/etc/hosts.</TT>
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike Martin]
|
||
Assuming that the network is small with no server (as implied)
|
||
<TT>/etc/hosts</TT> is the right idea
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
If you are sending externally you would need a DNS either locally or
|
||
via the isp anyway
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
"<TT>/etc/hosts</TT>", or maybe even a lightweight local (caching?) DNS. I'm
|
||
coming to really like PDNSD; painless to install, dirt-simple to set up.
|
||
Or, you could always use "ssmtp" to rotate the mail off the local hosts
|
||
to the actual MTA, since it's local; that's my solution (farm the job
|
||
out to the guy who's good at it.)
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather] Yes, you can use /etc/hosts, but it can't do an MX record lookup. Your
|
||
smtp daemon will need some
|
||
tweaking. In sendmail you can tell it that transport for a given named host
|
||
will go through an explicit IP address host, and
|
||
then it would never try an MX lookup, just use the burned in route.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [John]
|
||
Depending on the distro, distro version, and MTA you're using ...
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Using <A HREF="http://www.suse.com/">SuSE</A> 7.x & sendmail, and a psuedodomain I use, I've come up with the
|
||
following solution to that problem:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote><CODE>
|
||
edit /etc/mailertable to add entries like the following
|
||
</CODE></blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>mylinuxServer1.my.domain smtp:mylinuxServer1.my.domain
|
||
mylinuxServer2.my.domain smtp:mylinuxServer2.my.domain
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
I don't have DNS setup, as the servers are isolated, but sendmail via
|
||
dialup. I do have the hostnames listed in the hosts file on each server
|
||
though. In this way, any mail addressed to user@mylinuxServer1.my.domain
|
||
only goes out when connected to that server.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather] The postfix equivalent to that is /etc/postfix/transports, although
|
||
that's actually mentioned in /etc/postfix/main.cf to activate it, so you
|
||
could name the file anything you like.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>You can't use nullmailer for these even if it's only two boxes, because
|
||
that won't accept mail for local deliveries. You could keep all the mail
|
||
on only one of 'em and use nullmailer on the rest of the machines though.
|
||
At that point the machine becomes a very tiny server and also needs to run
|
||
a pop or IMAP daemon to allow mail pickup. At which point you may as well
|
||
also set up a dummy local DNS, maybe for a silly domain name that won't be
|
||
used by the outside world because there are no root servers for it, like
|
||
fabershouse.local -- which would serve A and MX records for say...
|
||
livingroom.fabershouse.local, den.fabershouse.local, etc.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>You could skip mail and drop notes in a samba share at each other, or
|
||
ssh in and share a kibitz session using your favorite text editor. Which
|
||
means somebody becomes a server but may bother people a lot less.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 2 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/3"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 3 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/bbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(!) " border="0"
|
||
>Starting many X sessions</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><strong>Answered By Ashwin M, Heather Stern, Jay R. Ashworth, Chris Gianakopoulos, Robos
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ashwin]
|
||
Hi,
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
I am a relative newbie to Linux, hence this tip may be common or may
|
||
have been already published.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather] This is a particularly clear description of it, and the thread turned
|
||
a curious direction as well. Welcome to the pages of The Answer Gang,
|
||
Ashwin.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ashwin]
|
||
Yes! You can have more than one X session running at the <em> _same</em> time! By
|
||
default your X session will be running on virtual terminal 7 (that is
|
||
why you use Ctrl-Alt-F7 to get to it).
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
To start a new X session get to a terminal session (F1 - F6) and type
|
||
"startx -- :1". A new X session starts up. Now to go back to the older X
|
||
session, use Ctrl-Alt-F7. For the new X session use Ctrl-Alt-F8.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
(For more X sessions use the next numbers after 1 like 2,3 and so on.
|
||
They don't have to be in order like 1 next 2 and so on. No matter what
|
||
number you use here the Ctrl-Alt-Fx number will be assigned the next
|
||
available number after 7)
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather] Strictly speaking, the first available open terminal; on most major
|
||
distro setups that's 7, after your 6th text console, but if you're an
|
||
oddball like me who uses enough text consoles that you set up, say, 10,
|
||
then it would show up on console 11 instead.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>Of course if you do that too, make sure Xdm or its cousins don't think they
|
||
are supposed to take a console used by a text getty.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ashwin]
|
||
Now, why would anyone need another X session? Some reasons could be -
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockQuote><ul>
|
||
<!-- *) To use different window managers at the same time like -->
|
||
|
||
<LI>To use different window managers at the same time like
|
||
|
||
<!-- KDE and GNOME. -->
|
||
KDE and GNOME.
|
||
|
||
<!-- *) To run X sessions logged in as different users. -->
|
||
|
||
<LI>To run X sessions logged in as different users.
|
||
|
||
<!-- *) To try out things with the XFree86 system (like fonts and such) -->
|
||
|
||
<LI>To try out things with the XFree86 system (like fonts and such)
|
||
</ul></blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
You may think "why would I need this?". But, once you know this trick
|
||
you will find new ways to use it for your work
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Note:
|
||
I found this not to work on some (very few) systems with old video cards
|
||
and less VRAM.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
thanks,
|
||
Ashwin
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Chris G]
|
||
That's a cool tip. I just tried it out, and it works with Version 3.3.6 of
|
||
X.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather]
|
||
My favorite reasons to run multiple X sessions on the same machine are:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockQuote><ul>
|
||
<!-- *) Jim and I are both using the machine... so we want our own X session -->
|
||
|
||
<LI>Jim and I are both using the machine... so we want our own X session
|
||
|
||
<!-- each. Since we're running in different chroot spaces (for an -->
|
||
each. Since we're running in different chroot spaces (for an
|
||
|
||
<!-- experiment) on one of the machines around here that's kind of handy. -->
|
||
experiment) on one of the machines around here that's kind of handy.
|
||
|
||
<!-- *) to have different native bit depths, also for experiment. Happily -->
|
||
|
||
<LI>to have different native bit depths, also for experiment. Happily
|
||
|
||
<!-- getting to be rare, but there is occasionally software that is -->
|
||
getting to be rare, but there is occasionally software that is
|
||
|
||
<!-- happiest only at one color depth. If you're designing graphics -->
|
||
happiest only at one color depth. If you're designing graphics
|
||
|
||
<!-- for use at multiple color depths I swear this is the fastest way to -->
|
||
for use at multiple color depths I swear this is the fastest way to
|
||
|
||
<!-- tell which colors will wash out. -->
|
||
tell which colors will wash out.
|
||
</ul></blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
In the modern era you <EM>could</EM> also
|
||
use Xnest to provide the reduced depth to the stupid app, but it's
|
||
less confusing to do the above than to make sure you're running
|
||
something inside the nest.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Not that it's hard mind you - make the nest's first client an xterm with
|
||
a custom color fg and bg, then launch things you want in the nest from
|
||
the special xterm.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Robos]
|
||
Well, I knew this, but did you know that the keyboard and mouse are
|
||
bound to one? Meaning you can't - like I tried - run two xsessions on
|
||
two grafik cards and share the keyboard between them. This is only
|
||
possible if you use a ps/s keyboard and a usb version. I want to do
|
||
that, but I haven't got the usb keyboard yet that I would like: small
|
||
form factor (84 keys), english layout (I'm in germany) and usb...
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Jay]
|
||
You are <EM>supposed</EM> to be able to do that.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
And indeed, a quick test proves that you can.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
RH 7.1, and whichever X ships with that. I did Ctrl-Alt-F1 to a text
|
||
login, logged in as root, did 'startx -- :1', and was whisked over to
|
||
tty8, where I got a <A HREF="http://www.kde.org/">KDE</A> desktop as root (that being the default choice
|
||
on my laptop).
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Ctrl-Alt-F7 switched me right back to the desktop I'm on (KDE under
|
||
KDM, logged in as myself), and I could C-A-F8 right back to the other
|
||
one; mouse and keyboard worked in both.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
And indeed they should: X switches to a free vt before it binds the
|
||
hardware, and what it <EM>gets</EM> is the virtualization of the hardware that
|
||
it produced by the multi-console driver. It doesn't bind directly to
|
||
the hardware.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Robos]
|
||
Well, a misunderstanding and a wrong memory on my part (I run
|
||
memtest86 later on me, it always takes so long...). I meant that I
|
||
wanted to run two xservers on two graphic cards and have two keyboards
|
||
too. My motivation: Running quake3 and chatting with my pals in irc at
|
||
the same time. Thought about either two xservers or one xserver and
|
||
one mga framebuffer. But, as said, no usb keyboard yet.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Jay]
|
||
What is <EM>hard</EM> is having two X servers on different physical display
|
||
adapters <EM>with separate keyboards</EM>. Hard, but often very useful.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Robos]
|
||
And cheaper than two computers, not to mention the noise reduction.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather] While I had interpreted this confusion as wanting both X servers to
|
||
listen to the keystrokes in tandem, implying that they'd both be
|
||
grabbing keyboard events from the same pool. Which given his usage
|
||
example, of course is not what you'd want
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=";)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> I could see some
|
||
vague reason why somebody might want to do it (test the same app on two
|
||
video cards at once) and I can certainly imagine the USB model of how
|
||
devices work being much better for handling it.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>X 4 lets you designate entirely different screen layouts to be stored
|
||
in its config file, and you can specify which one to use by passing
|
||
-layout "layout[1]" (or whatever ID you named it) down to X. Of
|
||
course your usual methods of starting X may try to protect you from
|
||
doing this, but with startx it's pretty easy:
|
||
startx -- -layout secondhead :2
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>With X 3.3.x you probably have to just keep seperate config files.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>If anyone out there is crazy enough to be trying this, let us know
|
||
how it works out for you. And then there's always the Linux
|
||
Terminal Server Project:
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.ltsp.org"
|
||
>http://www.ltsp.org</A>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>Or better yet the K-12 Linux Terminal Server Project:
|
||
<A HREF="http://k12ltsp.org/contents.html"
|
||
>http://k12ltsp.org/contents.html</A>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 3 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/4"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 4 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Playing CD Music Digital Output</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>Questions From Bill Parks, Mithra
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><strong>Answered By Lennart Benschop, Dave Maxwell, Serkan Akdag, Rob McMeekin, Robos
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><em><font color="#000066">This thread is in response to
|
||
<a href="../issue79/lg_mail.html#wanted/2">Issue 79, Help Wanted #2</a>
|
||
and all of these people sent in Tips. I'm sure there's really at least
|
||
a quarter's worth here; that'd be Two Bits instead of Two Cents
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
-- Heather</font></em></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
I purchased an eMachine to run Linux on. It came with (sorry) XP which I
|
||
used to check out the hardware. It plays music CD's fine but uses digital
|
||
data over the IDE buss rather than a cable from the CD drive to the sound
|
||
input.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Loaded <A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat</A> 7.3 and it plays sounds fine but it won't play music
|
||
CD's...the player just runs and the CD spins along.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
How do I configure the CD/sound system to pick up the digital sound data on
|
||
the IDE buss to play the music?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Thank You,
|
||
Bill Parks
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Lennart]
|
||
Linux does have a program that can play a CD by reading the digital data over
|
||
the IDE bus, it's cdda2wav, included with most Linux distributions.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote><CODE>
|
||
cdda2wav -D /dev/cdrom -t 1 -eN
|
||
</CODE></blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
will play track 1, if the <A HREF="http://www.kde.org/">KDE</A> sound system isn't keeping <TT>/dev/dsp</TT> busy. The
|
||
-eN options cause cdda2wav to echo the data to the soundcard and not write
|
||
the ridded data to a file.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
You can also try to connect an analog cable between the CD-ROM drive and the
|
||
sound cards, as most PC's have.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Dave]
|
||
There is a plugin for XMMS that does this. It can be downloaded at
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<A HREF="ftp://mud.stack.nl/pub/OuterSpace/willem"
|
||
>ftp://mud.stack.nl/pub/OuterSpace/willem</A>
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
The version numbers are a little confusing. The latest version is:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
xmms-cdread-0.14a.tar.gz
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
The one labeled 0.9a is not it. XMMS comes with a cd player plugin that is
|
||
supposed to do this but it didn't work for me. To play a cd, start XMMS and
|
||
open your <TT>/dev/cdrom</TT> device or whichever device the cdrom drive actually is.
|
||
I'm currently playing a cd from a drive without it's audio cable so I suppose
|
||
that means it works
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=";-)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">. Come to think of it, if you add an audio cable from
|
||
your cd to your sound card then the player you attempted to use will work as
|
||
well. The audio from this plugin will be cleaner as it passes through one
|
||
less analog stage.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Another nice thing about this plugin is it will pull title data from Freedb
|
||
and let you play individual tracks by name. The stock plugin won't do this.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Oh yeah! Be sure to disable the stock plugin before attempting to use this
|
||
one. Right click on XMMS and choose Preferences.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Serkan]
|
||
Hello, You will need to enable the "Enable Digital Sound" from one of
|
||
the configuration options of KDE and/or Gnome. There is an option like
|
||
that somewhere but I can't remember but I am sure its in X and not the
|
||
console. Also, you could type audio:/ at the KDE browser to view your
|
||
CD-Player contents and open a multimedia player like XMMS and drag the
|
||
files in the browser to the playlist of XMMS and play that way. It
|
||
should work.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Rob]
|
||
Hello. I have an IDE CD-ROM drive and an IDE CD-RW
|
||
drive. The CD-ROM has audio cables attatched to the
|
||
Sound Card while the CD-RW does not. The CD-RW would
|
||
not play compact discs until I configured it for
|
||
writing (enable SCSI-Emulation). I'm not an expert. I
|
||
don't know if this is supposed to be the case. It
|
||
could just be a fluke, but it worked for me.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<HR width="10%" align="left">
|
||
<blockquote><em><font color="#000066">And, since someone may also want to play other sorts of
|
||
fun noise with their player, and most easily find this thread
|
||
instead...
|
||
-- Heather</font></em></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mithra]
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Hai,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I use <A HREF="http://www.caldera.com/">Caldera</A> Linux . i Would like to watch movies in my syatem.
|
||
But There is no s/w that would play .Dat file for me.
|
||
Can any one suggest me a downloadable s/w that can Play
|
||
.dat files.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Robos]
|
||
Try mplayer, it can do this. Url is <A HREF="http://www.mplayerhq.hu"
|
||
>http://www.mplayerhq.hu</A>.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 4 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/5"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 5 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Mandrake 8.1 fd0 unknown device, and downloading pictures from a digital camera</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>Questions From F F, Mike "Iron" Orr
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><strong>Answered By Chris Gianakopoulos, Ben Okopnik, Mike "Iron" Orr, Heather Stern
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I can't read the FLoPPY disk! both cd roms works properly, but there's no
|
||
way to access the flp!
|
||
(Yeah, it is! in the drive)
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Does someone have the solution?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Chris G]
|
||
I know that this question might sound silly, but, is your floppy drive one
|
||
of those LS-120 drives? If the answer is yes, then, it looks like an IDE
|
||
hard drive, and you mount it like a hard drive.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
If it is a regular floppy, and you know that the floppy works, I would
|
||
check the bios settings on your computer and see if the floppy controller is
|
||
enabled.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Also type "dmesg" and see if a floppy controller has been detected. If the
|
||
floppy controller was detected, I would check the cables to the floppy drive
|
||
and its power connector.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
The last resort -- swap the floppy drive with another known good drive.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
I hope that this helps.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
I guess it depends on whether the querent is running Linux, Chris; if
|
||
so, he hasn't mentioned it. In case he is, a simple "mount" command
|
||
might help.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Hmm. I'm going to try something that might be useful here. The idea
|
||
behind this is "how would I phrase the querent's question if I was
|
||
having this kind of a problem?" The question, when properly phrased,
|
||
should contain the solution - as they very often do. Perhaps modeling
|
||
clueful behavior may be a useful thing...
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<TABLE WIDTH="95%" BORDER="1" BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC"><TR><TD>
|
||
<p align="center">...............</p>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Dear Answer Gang,
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
I am having a problem reading a floppy that I made under Wind*ws; I'm
|
||
running Mandrake 8.1.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
I can see the files on that same floppy under Wind*ws, using the same
|
||
machine and drive, so I know the hardware itself is OK.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
I've issued a "mount -t vfat <TT>/dev/fd0</TT> <TT>/floppy</TT>" command to mount it
|
||
(there were no errors when I did), have made sure that I do have a
|
||
"<TT>/floppy</TT>" directory, and am using "ls -l <TT>/floppy</TT>" to check it;
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
(A reference to exactly which command coughed up the complaint
|
||
"fd0 unknown device" would fit here nicely.)
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
I get no output other than "total 0" (an empty directory). I've made sure
|
||
that the drive light comes on when I try to read it, so it seems like
|
||
the drive is being accessed - but I still can't see any of the files.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Any help would be appreciated.
|
||
</blockQuote><p align="center">...............</p>
|
||
</TD></TR></TABLE>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather] Of course, if they knew enough to say all this, they probably wouldn't
|
||
ask us anything... and it's much easier for an utter newbie to assume
|
||
we will somehow know what he's talking about, since we've seen so much
|
||
before. Bravo for answering in true Answer Guy style - if need be, use
|
||
your own sense of autocompletion to upgrade an interesting question to
|
||
readability, then answer the result. At least <EM>somebody</EM> will get a
|
||
good answer from it
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>I have to remind the Answer Gang to read subjects as well as
|
||
messages. though. It usually isn't much but every clue is something.
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>I note that if you have a bad /etc/mtab then just running 'mount' to ask
|
||
the system what is mounted can provide strange and wrong results. To be
|
||
sure you're getting the real info, ask the proc filesystem:
|
||
cat /proc/mounts
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Chirs G]
|
||
Right you are, Ben! I have not answered any Answer Gang questions for a
|
||
while, and, it would seem that I forgot how!! I don't know what was up in
|
||
my mind. For some reason, I must have been looking at a previous Linux
|
||
question, and I connected "F F"'s email with that question.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Thanks for that constructive input, Ben.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><em>Congrats to Ben for an excellent answer. And maybe one that belongs in
|
||
ask-the-gang.html somewhere.
|
||
-- Mike</em></blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
Thanks. I thought it might be a good way to model something useful; I
|
||
don't know that there's a good way of adding it to "ATG", but I'll try
|
||
doing it that way a few more times (I don't think we're going to run
|
||
short of poorly-phrased queries anytime soon), and maybe the idea will
|
||
get propagated just due to its exposure to the LG-reading crowd. I
|
||
<EM>like</EM> the idea of folks being effective at asking questions; if I can
|
||
contribute to even a small increase in cluefulness in the general
|
||
population, I'm happy.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><em>It's easy to assume the querent is having the same problem you've had before.
|
||
And since I have used Linux exclusively for several years ... I forget what kind of
|
||
assumptions Windows users make. So you are not the only one who answers an
|
||
ambiguous question with a Linux answer and doesn't even realize it.
|
||
-- Mike</em></blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Chris G]
|
||
It's gotten automatic now. I used to use Microsoft Outlook for reading my
|
||
email. Once I set up Sendmail and Mutt, I use Windows for playing network
|
||
Doom with my kids. I remember, though, if the question is ambiguous,
|
||
answer with a Linux solution. I like Ben's example, though.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
I also forgot to suggest to the querent to try booting off of the
|
||
floppy using a dos-based disk. I had a similar problem when helping a
|
||
coworker install a <A HREF="http://www.suse.com/">SuSE</A> distribution on a Compaq DeskPro computer. I
|
||
noticed that the system would not boot from the floppy drive, and, upon
|
||
closer inspection, I realized that the floppy drive was an LS-120 drive.
|
||
As a result, the mtools stuff did not work. We went ahead and looked at
|
||
<TT>/etc/fstab</TT> and saw an entry that corresponded to the LS-120 drive.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
Hmm, that's odd. I've got an LS-120 in my desktop PC, and it boots just
|
||
fine. However, you're right about "mtools" freaking out about it: that
|
||
120MB capacity fries its little brain... I was never able to find a
|
||
combination of switches for "superformat" that would let me do anything
|
||
with it, even to the extent of creating a 1.7MB floppy.
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/unsmily.gif" ALT=":("
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> Kinda sucky.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Chris G]
|
||
Maybe there was something about the bios settings of the Compaq computer.
|
||
I recall that we could not do anything with the bios setup because we did
|
||
not have the password to the thing. Soooo..., you can boot off of an
|
||
LS-120. Cool.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather] I have found that I could boot from LS-120s and as I recall I could
|
||
work with 1.44 disks. What I don't remember, because it was a pain, is
|
||
whether I could format them after some setup tweaks, or if I could dd
|
||
them. I recall I could only do one and not the other, and I couldn't
|
||
make 1.722 disks using the tomsrtbt setup. Very annoying, but possibly
|
||
also the victim of Tom using an older floppy formatting program because
|
||
it was smaller. I considered the whole thing fitful and use my trusty
|
||
laptop to cough floppies. Except that it can't mount floppies directly
|
||
very well, so I 'dd' images of the floppy off, and loopback mount them.
|
||
Raw access works fine, it just seems to be a timing thing. But I'm not
|
||
complaining, because the loopback mounted images are much faster than a
|
||
floppy, anyway, and the diskette is safe from being scrambled unless I
|
||
<EM>deliberately</EM> copy the image back out.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 5 -->
|
||
<!-- ........................... -->
|
||
<HR WIDTH="40%" ALIGN="center">
|
||
<!-- begin 6 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Mandrake 8.1 fd0 unknown device, and digital camera</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Mike 'Iron' Orr
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<p></strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><strong>Answered By Ben Okopnik
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
And since I have used Linux exclusively for several years
|
||
(except a few times a year to download pics from my digital camera), ...
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
I got myself a FlashPath "floppy" to bypass all that. Stick the
|
||
SmartCard into the gadget, use the modified version of "mtools" to read
|
||
it (standard "mtools" functionality plus FlashPath capability), and all
|
||
is good. Besides, the various camera interface utils (GPhoto, etc.) are
|
||
getting pretty darn hot these days.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
The camera is a Canon Elf S100, which uses compact flash memory. It was
|
||
working with gphoto2 command-line mode at one point. Then the USB
|
||
device entry disappeared in the middle of a download. Usually that
|
||
meant the battery went dead and I try it again with a recharged battery.
|
||
But the last time, it wouldn't acknowledge the device at all. Then in
|
||
Windows it stopped recognizing the device too, so I figured the camera's
|
||
USB interface was defective, because the card works fine in the camera.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
So I bought one of those little USB card readers. Not only do you not
|
||
have to worry about batteries, but supposedly the card shows up like
|
||
a removable disk drive, with ordinary files, bypassing the
|
||
ideosyncracies of each camera driver. But Windows wouldn't mount the
|
||
card, it just said "invalid filesystem format" or something like that.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
Right - despite the "ordinary files", etc. advertisements, it does <EM>not</EM>
|
||
look like a standard floppy even to Wind*ws - a special driver is
|
||
required (at least this is true for SmartDisk FlashPath 'floppies'.) The
|
||
same is true for Linux; hence the special version of "mtools" (it's a
|
||
binary-only driver - there is a source tarball, but I was unable to
|
||
compile it, and the author himself says to use the RPM with the binary.)
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
So I hooked up the camera to
|
||
Windows again, and this time it recognized the camera. For software I
|
||
had the Kodak Imaging program that came with the camera, and Photoshop.
|
||
Photoshop's "import..." menu option was disabled for some unknown reason
|
||
even though I had used it before. So I tried the Imaging program. But
|
||
that program is too horrible to use. It takes a lot of clicks to
|
||
download each picture, and I had 150 of them. And it kept trying to
|
||
save in TIFF format, taking forever to save one image and insisting on
|
||
using TIFF format, which is big, and somehow it used all 100 MB of free
|
||
disk space and I had to kill the program, and every time I tried to save
|
||
it did something similar. So that was useless.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
So I downloaded kernel 2.4.18 and was delighted to see there's a USB
|
||
driver for my card reader. I'm hoping when I try it out it will work,
|
||
and that it will recognize the card's filesystem.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
I suspect that it won't.
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/unsmily.gif" ALT=":("
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> The "tweaked mtools" author is a guy name of
|
||
Jason McMullan (<A HREF="mailto:jmcmullan@linuxcare.com"
|
||
>jmcmullan@linuxcare.com</A>) (Jim, Heather - somebody you
|
||
know?); the version that I have is "mtools-3.9.7-7fp.i386.rpm". I
|
||
renamed it to "mtools-9.9.7-7fp.i386.rpm" before running alien; that
|
||
way, the version info shows a high number and updating <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</A> doesn't
|
||
overwrite my version.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Is there a floppy reader for compact flash?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
ISTR that SmartDisk makes one, but I'm not 100% certain. Worth looking
|
||
into, though; I like my little gadget.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
I found gphoto and gphoto2 to be a total pain. My camera was only
|
||
in gphoto2, which was an unreleased development version at the time
|
||
so there was no Debian package. Of course, the usage instructions
|
||
I had were for the old version, and the GUI front end had been
|
||
replaced by something else that I think was missing something.
|
||
Maybe it's better now. But having the images appear as files is
|
||
really what I want to do anyway.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<H4>Update some time later</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I finally got my pictures out. I compiled a new kernel with the basic
|
||
USB stuff in, and used Debian's gphoto 2.0 final. To download all photos:
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
gphoto2 --camera "Canon PowerShot S100" --port usb --get-pictures
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
Or to download certain pictures by index number (starting at 1):
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
gphoto2 --camera "Canon PowerShot S100" --port usb --list-files >files
|
||
gphoto2 --camera "Canon PowerShot S100" --port usb --get-picture 5-10
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
Deiconifying the xconsole window helped too because it showed that the
|
||
USB system was sending syslog messages. Often there was a timeout error
|
||
but it would recover. But not infrequently it wouldn't recover, and I'd
|
||
press the camera power switch a couple times but not get the message I get
|
||
when it's successful. Then I'd have to reboot the computer and try again.
|
||
(Perhaps if I'd compiled the USB as modules, I could have unloaded and
|
||
reloaded the modules.)
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I had less luck with the Lexar card reader although it did download some
|
||
images. For this, you need not only the kernel USB support but also SCSI
|
||
"generic device" support (not just SCSI disk support). You also need the
|
||
USB Storage module. With all this in place, when you stick the Compact
|
||
Flash card in the reader, it shows up as a SCSI disk, /dev/sda1, which you
|
||
can mount as an msdos filesystem or use (the ordinary) mtools on. (The
|
||
mtools configuration line is, 'drive c: file="/dev/sda1"'.) But the problem
|
||
with this is that after twenty-five pictures at the beginning (or after three
|
||
or even one picture later), the light on the card reader would go off and it
|
||
would play dead. This isn't a battery problem because the reader gets its
|
||
power from the USB bus. The processes would be in "D" state ("uninterruptable
|
||
sleep" in the ps listing) so they can't be killed. Also, they make the
|
||
system unable to shut down cleanly: 'halt', 'reboot' and the vulcan nerve
|
||
pinch just hang at "Sending processes the TERM signal" until you ctrl-C and
|
||
continue. So I have to do a cold boot with the power switch. To prevent
|
||
disk corruption, I upgraded my ext2 partitions to ext3 (journalled):
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
tune2fs -j /dev/hdc10
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
then changing "ext2" to "ext3" in /etc/fstab. This hang, reboot, restart
|
||
cycle went several times before I gave up on the card reader. Defective
|
||
reader? Buggy USB drivers? I don't know.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>But it was satisfying seeing my card reader <EM>more</EM> compatible
|
||
with Linux than with Windows 2000/XP. Windows would try to mount the card
|
||
reader and give up silently or say "invalid filesystem format". Take that,
|
||
Windows!
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 6 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/6"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 7 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>How to optimize space usage for multiple files on multiple CDs</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Michiel van Leening
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><strong>Answered By Thomas Adam (The LG Weekend Mechanic), Ben Okopnik, Karl-Heinz Herrmann
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><em><font color="#000066">With our kind thanks to Michiel for granting publication permission
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
-- Heather</font></em></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Hi Gang,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I've got a bunch of files which will roughly fill up 12 CDR's. My question
|
||
is, how can i best optimize the space used for these files, so as to use as
|
||
little CD's as possible?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Thomas]
|
||
Assumming that you are not fussed as to which files
|
||
appear on which CDR, and assuming that these files
|
||
reside in a single common directory, then you could
|
||
write a script that will take the largest files.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
Actually, that's an NP-Complete problem, i.e. you can't get an actual
|
||
solution before the Universe ends.
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT="<grin>"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> Sad but true. However, there
|
||
are a number of "close enough" approximations you can do. I've never
|
||
heard of anyone scripting this kind of a thing, although I would imagine
|
||
every CS student out there has played with the concept.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Here's a reasonable one: sort your files. Grab the largest one, subtract
|
||
that from MAX_SIZE; now, find the largest file that will fit in the
|
||
remaining space. Iterate until the remaining space is smaller than your
|
||
smallest file. Repeat the above process for every one of your CDs.
|
||
You're done - and in linear time, too.
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
I've tried just looping through all the files and as long as the sum of the
|
||
already seen files stays below the CD size limit, the file is added to a list.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
Erm... a 20MB file followed by a 631MB file, and you've got a CD with
|
||
20MB on it. Not a reasonable compromise. Even if you sort them first,
|
||
326+325, and you've wasted half a CD.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
As soon as a file goes above the size limit, it starts a new list with
|
||
filenames. These list are then used to burn the CD's with either mkisofs or
|
||
Gcombust.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Thomas]
|
||
Is the limit 650 MB, in which case:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<p align="center">See attached <tt><a href="misc/tag/fill-it-up.bash.txt">fill-it-up.bash.txt</a></tt></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
I'd actually like a program to figure out the best spread of files over the
|
||
CD's (eg. CD1 has files 3,5,8 and CD2 has files 1,2,4 and CD3 has files 6,7,9)
|
||
so as to minimize wasted space. What i've programmed myself has the
|
||
disadvantage that if the next file in line is big enough to cross the size
|
||
limit, it is put on the next CD, thereby wasting space on the current CD.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Thomas]
|
||
I'll work on this at home
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> Might even put it in my
|
||
LWM article next month
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Now i could go and program such a thing, find out afterwards that something
|
||
like this exists and tear my hairs out in frustration. So, does a program
|
||
exist that can do this? Maybe someone has a script lying around. Ofcourse
|
||
intensive Googling for a week hasn't turned up anything.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Thanks for any input on the matter.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
As I've mentioned, I haven't heard of anything (although any CompSci
|
||
department has seen thousands of attempts), but it shouldn't be all
|
||
<em>that</em> hard to script an approximation. The algorithm I suggested would
|
||
only take a few lines of Perl, and even a shell script wouldn't be all
|
||
that bad.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Thomas]
|
||
Hey Ben....you and I could work on this one
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
Whadaya reckon -- I'm sticking to bash !!
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
<dryly> The actual scripting is left as an excercise to the student.
|
||
Gotta let folks do <em> _something</em> on their own, dude!
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Now, all I've got to do is figure out the purpose of your script,
|
||
above... what it does is obvious, <EM>why</EM> you'd care about the result
|
||
(if there <em> _was</em> any) isn't.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [K.-H.]
|
||
Actually there is already a script which served me quite nicely. It's
|
||
already tied in with cdrekord and mkisofs and seems to handle special files
|
||
correctly (i.e. uisng cpio or something to dump them).
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
see:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.joat.ca/software/cddump.html"
|
||
>http://www.joat.ca/software/cddump.html</A>
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
That's excatly what i was looking for. Thanks a lot.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
Cool; I figured somebody somewhere did it. Interestingly enough, he uses
|
||
pretty much the algorithm I suggested:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre> @todo = sort { ${$b}[2] <=> ${$a}[2] } @todo;
|
||
|
||
...
|
||
|
||
foreach $file (@todo) {
|
||
if ($thissize + ${$file}[2] < $remaining) {
|
||
$thissize += ${$file}[2];
|
||
push(@{$thisdo[${$file}[0]]}, ${$file}[1]);
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
It's not a bad approximation; the only degenerate case is where you have
|
||
no-to-few small files and lots of large ( > MAX_SIZE/2 ) ones. If you
|
||
have an average file spread, it works well.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 7 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/7"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 8 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>/dev/scd0 is not a valid block device?</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Simeon Nevel
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><strong>Answered By Mike Martin, Neil Youngman, Heather Stern
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><em><font color="#000066">With our kind thanks for publication permission.
|
||
-- Heather</font></em></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Dear Answer Gang,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I'm trying to get my cd and cdrw working in RH7.3. I've read through
|
||
both articles on CD Writing in issue 57 and looked at the CD-Rom HOWTO
|
||
as well.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I've got to proper invocation in grub:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<pre><strong>title Red Hat Linux (2.4.18-3)
|
||
root (hd1,0)
|
||
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.18-3 ro root=/dev/hdb7 hdc=ide-scsi hdd=ide-scsi
|
||
initrd /initrd-2.4.18-3.img
|
||
</strong></pre>
|
||
<P><STRONG><CODE>
|
||
lsmod shows that the various ide-scsi modules are loaded:
|
||
</CODE></STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<pre><strong> Module Size Used by Not tainted
|
||
[other modules snipped for brevity]
|
||
sr_mod 16920 0 (autoclean) (unused)
|
||
autofs 12164 0 (autoclean) (unused)
|
||
ide-scsi 9664 0
|
||
scsi_mod 108608 2 [sr_mod ide-scsi]
|
||
ide-cd 30272 1
|
||
cdrom 32192 0 [sr_mod ide-cd]
|
||
</strong></pre>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike M.]
|
||
not sure whether ide-cd should be getting loaded
|
||
you may want to experiment by unloading the scsi modules and
|
||
reloading in turn (sg and sd may be an idea)
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Neil Youngman]
|
||
Is this bit from the CD-Writing HOWTO relevant?
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote><DL><DT>
|
||
Example configuration for <TT>/etc/modules.conf</TT> from
|
||
<DD><A HREF="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/CD-Writing-HOWTO-2.html"
|
||
>http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/CD-Writing-HOWTO-2.html</A>
|
||
</DL></blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<TABLE WIDTH="95%" BORDER="1" BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC"><TR><TD>
|
||
<p align="center">...............</p>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
make sure you include the
|
||
options-line from the next listing. The last three lines of that listing
|
||
are generally suggested to further automate the loading of the required
|
||
modules.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>options ide-cd ignore=hdb # tell the ide-cd module to ignore hdb
|
||
alias scd0 sr_mod # load sr_mod upon access of scd0
|
||
#pre-install ide-scsi modprobe imm # uncomment for some ZIP drives only
|
||
pre-install sg modprobe ide-scsi # load ide-scsi before sg
|
||
pre-install sr_mod modprobe ide-scsi # load ide-scsi before sr_mod
|
||
pre-install ide-scsi modprobe ide-cd # load ide-cd before ide-scsi Listing:
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<p align="center">...............</p>
|
||
</TD></TR></TABLE><blockQuote>
|
||
If that doesn't help then have a look at the output from dmesg and see if it
|
||
offers any clues.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather]
|
||
autofs is unrelated. Unless you also have another ATAPI CD which is not
|
||
supposed to be handled by scsi, you definitely have too many modules loaded.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
The kernel support notes (very easy to read in "make menuconfig", a
|
||
little plainer in <TT>/usr/src/linux/Documentation/Configure.help</TT>) make it
|
||
clear that:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<TABLE WIDTH="95%" BORDER="1" BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC"><TR><TD>
|
||
<p align="center">...............</p>
|
||
<blockQuote><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
If both ATAPI and generic scsi support is provided, the
|
||
native services will be used.
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></blockQuote><p align="center">...............</p>
|
||
</TD></TR></TABLE>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
For my IDE/ATAPI cd-recorder, I don't have any of these loaded automatically.
|
||
I do have the append line (in my case, 'hdd=ide-scsi'). When I:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre> modprobe ide-scsi
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
then I run:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre> cdrecord -scanbus
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
it says (sorry if hascii, Joerg has his name spelled properly here):
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>Cdrecord 1.11a05 (i686-suse-linux) Copyright (C) 1995-2001 J<>rg Schilling
|
||
Linux sg driver version: 3.1.22
|
||
Using libscg version 'schily-0.5'
|
||
scsibus0:
|
||
0,0,0 0) 'SAF ' 'CD-RW2224 ' '2.06' Removable CD-ROM
|
||
0,1,0 1) *
|
||
0,2,0 2) *
|
||
0,3,0 3) *
|
||
0,4,0 4) *
|
||
0,5,0 5) *
|
||
0,6,0 6) *
|
||
0,7,0 7) *
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
And the drive becomes addressable as scd0, recordable <EM>in theory</EM> as sr0
|
||
but in practice I give the dev by host and lun number:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre> cdrecord dev=0,0 speed=4 some-random.iso
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
At least I hope speed 4 works, because it takes <EM>ages</EM> to make them at lesser
|
||
speeds. I do have to wonder if something in my setup is slowing it all down
|
||
horribly, but hey, I'm not a big CD pressing house, I just wanna burn a CD
|
||
once in a while ... and that's what I get for having had a cd writer for so
|
||
long, the newer ones are faster.
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Looking at that list again, maybe I've got too many modules involved.
|
||
Maybe I've got some sort of conflict?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I've changed the links in <TT>/dev:</TT>
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<pre><strong>lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 May 29 21:39 /dev/cdrom0 -> /dev/scd0
|
||
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 May 29 21:44 /dev/cdrom1 -> /dev/scd1
|
||
|
||
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 11, 0 Apr 11 07:25 /dev/scd0
|
||
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 11, 1 Apr 11 07:25 /dev/scd1
|
||
</strong></pre>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I've got the mount points defined in <TT>/mnt:</TT>
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<pre><strong> drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 12 04:39 cdrom
|
||
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 29 21:47 cdrom0
|
||
dr-xr-xr-x 1 root root 2048 Nov 20 1999 cdrom1
|
||
</strong></pre>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
but whenever I try to mount either of the cd-rom devices like so:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<pre><strong> mount -t iso9660 /dev/scd0 /mnt/cdrom0
|
||
</strong></pre>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
or
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<pre><strong> mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom0
|
||
</strong></pre>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I get:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<pre><strong> mount: /dev/scd0 is not a valid block device
|
||
</strong></pre>
|
||
<P><STRONG><CODE>
|
||
also, "cdrecord -scanbus" doesn't seem to find anything.
|
||
</CODE></STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather]
|
||
Then it's right, ide-scsi did not turn them into SCSI hosts. ATAPI cdrom
|
||
support is being favored, and the IDE stuff doesn't directly lead to writing
|
||
under Linux. (cdrecord doesn't speak ATAPI. It only speaks SCSI.)
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Although in theory if your CD writer is really DVD capable too, you may be
|
||
able to write UDF filesystems to the disc (as hdc and hdd). I've never tried
|
||
that, and only UDF support on another machine would let them read the disc.
|
||
So it probably wouldn't be useful unless all your friends have DVD bays.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
What am I doing wrong? I'm sure it's probably something really stupid,
|
||
but I just can't see it.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
A clue would be vastly appreciated.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
adTHANKSvance!
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Simeon
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike M.]
|
||
this is seriously from memeory but try
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
first cat <TT>/proc/devices</TT> (I think)
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather]
|
||
It may be interesting to see this, but a fresh boot where you didn't try
|
||
to load the ide cdrom support would be more useful. Approximately -
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockQuote><ul>
|
||
<!-- *) You need the IDE interface itself, because that handles the IDE controller. -->
|
||
|
||
<LI>You need the IDE interface itself, because that handles the IDE controller.
|
||
|
||
<!-- *) You -probably- need IDE standard hard disk support for your main drives -->
|
||
|
||
<LI>You -probably- need IDE standard hard disk support for your main drives
|
||
|
||
<!-- so you can boot. Unrelated to the cd bays, except for being on the IDE -->
|
||
so you can boot. Unrelated to the cd bays, except for being on the IDE
|
||
|
||
<!-- controllers too. -->
|
||
controllers too.
|
||
|
||
<!-- *) You -do not- want IDE cdrom services. -->
|
||
|
||
<LI>You -do not- want IDE cdrom services.
|
||
|
||
<!-- *) IDE floppy services (those would be for LS-120 bays) or IDE tape services -->
|
||
|
||
<LI>IDE floppy services (those would be for LS-120 bays) or IDE tape services
|
||
|
||
<!-- have no effect either way on ATAPI CD-RW's. -->
|
||
have no effect either way on ATAPI CD-RW's.
|
||
|
||
<!-- *) You -do- need ide-scsi, and from the scsi subsection you need sg (scsi -->
|
||
|
||
<LI>You -do- need ide-scsi, and from the scsi subsection you need sg (scsi
|
||
|
||
<!-- generic) support. sg gets autoloaded when ide-scsi behaves correctly -->
|
||
generic) support. sg gets autoloaded when ide-scsi behaves correctly
|
||
|
||
<!-- and cdrecord is asked to scan the bus. At least from my setup it doesn't -->
|
||
and cdrecord is asked to scan the bus. At least from my setup it doesn't
|
||
|
||
<!-- appear that SCSI-cdrom is used at all either. -->
|
||
appear that SCSI-cdrom is used at all either.
|
||
</ul></blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>-=: gemini :=- ~ # mount /dev/scd0 /mnt/cd
|
||
mount: block device /dev/scd0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
|
||
-=: gemini :=- ~ # lsmod
|
||
Module Size Used by
|
||
sg 28352 0 (autoclean)
|
||
ide-scsi 7312 1
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
(and a whole bunch of sound card modules. working, as far as my dings and
|
||
talking-computer noises can tell
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":D"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> )
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike M.]
|
||
mount <TT>/dev/sd0</TT> <TT>/mnt/cdrom0</TT>
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather]
|
||
sd0 would be a scsi hard drive; compact discs would be scd0 so after his
|
||
symlink the request is correct. He just needs to untangle that mess of
|
||
modules.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
For the record the system this is on is <A HREF="http://www.suse.com/">SuSE</A> 7.3, but I'm using a locally
|
||
built kernel - this answer is totally distro independent.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike M.]
|
||
I remember I had to do a bit of fiddling around when I did it a while
|
||
ago
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
[sig block] If you're not outraged, you're not paying attention
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather]
|
||
Hmm, well tell your congressmen and representatives that supporting the
|
||
overly extended copyrights of MPAA and numerous corporations is against
|
||
the principle that the entire country is supposed to eventually benefit
|
||
from all of these works... great or otherwise... and a heavy infringement
|
||
on the right of individuals to make (and copy, and change, and redistribute)
|
||
works of our own invention.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
(But, this isn't a politics thread. Don't get me started. If this bothers
|
||
you too go help the EFF, <A HREF="http://www.eff.org"
|
||
>http://www.eff.org</A>.)
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 8 -->
|
||
<!-- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -->
|
||
<HR WIDTH="40%" ALIGN="center">
|
||
<!-- begin 8 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>/dev/scd0 is not a valid block device?</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Simeon ben Nevel
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><strong>Answered By Mike Martin
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Hmm,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<pre><strong>> > options ide-cd ignore=hdb # tell the ide-cd module to ignore hdb
|
||
</strong></pre>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I thought the Grub/lilo incantation of hdc=ide-scsi & hdd=ide-scsi
|
||
would take care of this?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<pre><strong>> > alias scd0 sr_mod # load sr_mod upon access of scd0
|
||
</strong></pre>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Would I also have to to "alias scd1 sr_mod" ?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I've read on several occasions that if you have 2 cd-rom devices on
|
||
the same ide interface, you really have to set them <EM>both</EM> up with the
|
||
ide-scsi modules.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<pre><strong>> > pre-install sg modprobe ide-scsi # load ide-scsi before sg
|
||
> > pre-install sr_mod modprobe ide-scsi # load ide-scsi before sr_mod
|
||
> > pre-install ide-scsi modprobe ide-cd # load ide-cd before ide-scsi
|
||
</strong></pre>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I did, indeed forget the modules.conf magic but I want to let you
|
||
know that my problem vanished when I rebooted my machine even without having
|
||
made the suggested changes.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike M.]
|
||
Out of curiousity - could you post the output of lsmod
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
I have a strong suspicion that on reboot the module loading was
|
||
corrected.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Just that if anyone searches for the same problem you had it is nice
|
||
to see the solution as well as the problem
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
<sigh>
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
As much as I enjoy learning more about my linux system, it often
|
||
seems
|
||
that the solution to various problems involves magical spells of
|
||
one sort
|
||
or another.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Anyway, thanks again for taking the time to lend me a hand.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Sincerely,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Simeon ben Nevel
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 8 -->
|
||
<P> <hr> </p>
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<H5 align="center">This page edited and maintained by the Editors
|
||
of <I>Linux Gazette</I>
|
||
<a href=""
|
||
>Copyright ©</a> 2002
|
||
<BR>Published in issue 80 of <I>Linux Gazette</I> July 2002</H5>
|
||
<H6 ALIGN="center">HTML script maintained by
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:star@starshine.org">Heather Stern</a> of
|
||
Starshine Technical Services,
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.starshine.org/">http://www.starshine.org/</A>
|
||
</H6>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"</H4>
|
||
<HR>
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<table cellpadding=7><tr><td>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/bytes.gif" border=1 ALT="News Bytes">
|
||
</td><td>
|
||
<H3>Contents:</H3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a HREF="#leg">Legislation and More Legislation</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="#links">Linux Links</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="#conferences">Conferences and Events</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="#general">News in General</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="#distro">Distro News</A>
|
||
<li><a HREF="#commercial">Software and Product News</a>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</td></tr></table>
|
||
|
||
<STRONG>Selected and formatted by <A HREF="mailto:michael.conry@softhome.net">Michael Conry</A></STRONG>
|
||
</center>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> Submitters, send your News Bytes items in
|
||
<FONT SIZE="+2"><STRONG>PLAIN TEXT</STRONG></FONT>
|
||
format. Other formats may be rejected without reading. You have been
|
||
warned! A one- or two-paragraph summary plus URL gets you a better
|
||
announcement than an entire press release. Submit items to
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:gazette@ssc.com">gazette@ssc.com</A>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
July 2002 <I>Linux Journal</I>
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<IMG ALT="[issue 99 cover image]" SRC="misc/bytes/lj-cover99.png" WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=268
|
||
ALIGN="left" HSPACE="20">
|
||
|
||
The July issue of <A HREF="http://www.linuxjournal.com/"><I>Linux
|
||
Journal</I></A> is on newsstands now.
|
||
This issue focuses on interoperability. Click
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxjournal.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=NS-lj-issues/issue99&file=index">here</A>
|
||
to view the table of contents, or
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxjournal.com/subscribe/">here</A>
|
||
to subscribe.
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">All articles through February 2002 are available for
|
||
public reading at
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxjournal.com/magazine.php">http://www.linuxjournal.com/magazine.php</A></FONT>.
|
||
Recent articles are available on-line for subscribers only at
|
||
<A HREF="http://interactive.linuxjournal.com">http://interactive.linuxjournal.com/</A>.
|
||
|
||
<BR CLEAR="all">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name="leg"></a>
|
||
<p><hr><p>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="green">Legislation and More Legislation</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Palladium
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Back in January,
|
||
<a href="../issue74/lg_bytes.html">
|
||
we mentioned</a> that Microsoft had been granted a patent claim
|
||
for a `Digital rights management operating system'. It appears their plans
|
||
are developing further. A recent
|
||
<a href="http://www.msnbc.com/news/770511.asp?cp1=1">
|
||
article</a> at MSNBC/Newsweek provides an "exclusive first look" at the new
|
||
technology. It begins:
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
"An exclusive first look at
|
||
Microsoft's ambitious-and risky-plan to remake the personal computer to
|
||
ensure security, privacy and intellectual property rights. Will you buy it?"
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
Frankly, I don't buy it!
|
||
The article is almost entirely uncritical and does not raise any of the
|
||
many legitimate concerns surrounding such a technology.
|
||
<P>
|
||
The Register has published a some excellent articles on Palladium, by
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/25852.html">
|
||
John Lettice</a>,
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/25843.html">
|
||
Richard Forno</a> and
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/25891.html">
|
||
Thomas C Greene</a>. The
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/25891.html">
|
||
third of these</a> focuses specifically on what effect Palladium could have
|
||
on the Linux community, and the indications are not good (unsurprisingly,
|
||
given that it would mean a large part of the hardware industry could end up
|
||
dancing almost exclusively to Microsoft's tune). Indeed, as Robert Cringely
|
||
<a href="http://www.pbs.org/cringely/pulpit/pulpit20020627.html">
|
||
has written</a>, Palladium could be bad news for the entire infrastructure
|
||
of the internet.
|
||
<P>
|
||
If you want more information on Palladium, and DRM (digital rights
|
||
management) technology in general,
|
||
<a href="http://www.cryptome.org">cryptome</a> has
|
||
<a href="http://cryptome.org/ms-drm-os.htm">
|
||
some useful links</a> along with the text of the original MS DRM OS patent.
|
||
Of particular interest is Ross Anderson's
|
||
<a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/rja14/tcpa-faq.html">
|
||
TCPA / Palladium Frequently Asked Questions</a>
|
||
(TCPA=Trusted Computing Platform Alliance).
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Governments and Linux
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The
|
||
<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/">BBC</a> has
|
||
<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/business/newsid_2023000/2023127.stm">
|
||
reported</a> that Germany has signed a contract with IBM and SuSE for a large
|
||
public sector Linux-based computer contract. Among the reasons for the
|
||
decision given by German representatives were cost and security. The BBC
|
||
article gives quite a nice background to the story also, which is worth
|
||
reading. Also of interest is
|
||
<a href="http://www.suse.de/en/press/press_releases/archive02/schily_ibm.html">
|
||
SuSE's press release</a>, and other reports of this news
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/25565.html">
|
||
at The Register</a> and
|
||
<a href="http://slashdot.org/articles/02/06/03/1414239.shtml?tid%106">
|
||
at Slashdot</a>.
|
||
<P>
|
||
In other good news, it has
|
||
<a href="http://www.desktoplinux.com/news/NS9061559934.html">
|
||
been reported by DesktopLinux.com</a> and
|
||
<a href="http://linuxtoday.com/news_story.php3?ltsn=2002-06-17-011-26-NW-DP-PB">
|
||
by LinuxToday</a>
|
||
that Finnish MP's have signed a bill requesting national and local agencies
|
||
to migrate their IT systems to the Linux operating system. This could be
|
||
part of a trend. Slashdot has
|
||
<a href="http://slashdot.org/articles/02/06/04/0259234.shtml?tid%117">
|
||
reported</a>
|
||
a similar development in Taiwan, which "...will start a national plan to
|
||
jump-start the development and use of Free (libre) Software".
|
||
IDG.net has published
|
||
<a href="http://www.idg.net/ic_874686_1794_9-10000.html">
|
||
a survey</a>
|
||
of countries which making moves toward open-source software and attempting
|
||
to reduce dependence on Microsoft.
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
</p><center><h3><font color="green">Linux Links</font></h3></center>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<IMG ALT="Linux Focus" SRC="../gx/linuxfocus.jpg" WIDTH="143" HEIGHT="45">
|
||
<BR CLEAR="all">
|
||
The following articles are in the July/August issue of the E-zine
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxfocus.org/">LinuxFocus</A>:
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="http://linuxfocus.org/English/July2002/article239.shtml">A Hardware watchdog and shutdown button</a><br></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://linuxfocus.org/English/July2002/article245.shtml">Securing a heterogeneous network with free software tools</a><br></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://linuxfocus.org/English/July2002/article248.shtml">Plugins and Mozilla 1.0</a><br></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://linuxfocus.org/English/July2002/article249.shtml">Receiving faxes with efax.</a><br></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://linuxfocus.org/English/July2002/article250.shtml">Bookreview: Beginning Databases with MySQL</a><br></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://linuxfocus.org/English/July2002/article252.shtml">Compile your own Linux kernel</a><br></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://linuxfocus.org/English/July2002/article254.shtml">Light, Camera, Action... Kino!</a><br></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Article at IBM.com on
|
||
<a href="http://www7b.software.ibm.com/wsdd/library/techarticles/0205_yu/yu.html?open&l=335,t=gr">
|
||
installing and configuring CVS for Linux</a>.
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
<a href="http://www.ofb.biz/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=125">
|
||
Interview with RMS</a>. Among other topics, this deals with UnitedLinux.
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
Salon
|
||
<a href="http://www.salon.com/tech/feature/2002/06/07/broadband/index.html">
|
||
describes</a>
|
||
how FCC decisions are allowing a few big ISPs (the ones owned by the cable
|
||
companies and telcos) to squeeze out all the little ones. Gives an
|
||
analysis of what this will mean for the market.
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
Some stories from the <a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/">The
|
||
Register</a> related to the Linux world:
|
||
</p><ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/25746.html">
|
||
A look at</a>
|
||
NSA and SELinux
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
Apache admins ambushed by
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/55/25766.html">
|
||
premature vuln report</a>.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
Ralph Nader recommends US Federal Government should develop
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/25586.html">
|
||
software alternatives</a>.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
NY Times
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/25574.html">
|
||
sicks FBI on MSNBC journalists</a>
|
||
in hacking investigation, neglects press freedoms.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/54/25568.html">
|
||
How to read Xbox security key</a>,
|
||
legally apparently, and maybe even get Linux in there.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/25535.html">
|
||
US courts</a> rule against library net censorship filters.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
Ruling on BT hyperlink patent
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/25837.html">
|
||
expected soon</a>.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
MS Passport as
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/35/25867.html">
|
||
arbiter of public decency</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
EasyGroup
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/25881.html">
|
||
uses heavy handed tactics</a>
|
||
to acquire domain names.
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Links from the O'Reilly stable of websites
|
||
</p><ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://linux.oreillynet.com/pub/a/linux/2002/06/03/insecurities.html">
|
||
Trojaned networking tools</a>,
|
||
and other security information.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
Getting the most out of one computer by
|
||
<a href="http://linux.oreillynet.com/pub/a/linux/2002/05/30/enterprise.html">
|
||
running multiple operating systems on it</a>. Looks at WINE, DOSEMU,
|
||
Bochs and User-Mode Linux.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://opensource.oreilly.com/news/biblio_0502.html">
|
||
Open Source Bibliography</a>.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://linux.oreillynet.com/pub/a/linux/2002/06/13/cvs.html">
|
||
Tracking changes in CVS</a>, a look at the functions and commands used
|
||
in CVS.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
A <a href="http://oreillynet.com/pub/a/linux/2002/05/23/zaurus.html">
|
||
look at</a> the new GNU/Linux based Sharp Zaurus SL-5500 palmtop computer
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Some <em>Linux Journal</em> web article that might be of interest:
|
||
</p><ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=4879">
|
||
Learning to Use X11</a>: A simple example program with a line-by-line
|
||
walk through that explains key concepts for programming with X11.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
Doc Searls on GeekPAC and its
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=6033">
|
||
mission to save the Net from Hollywood</a> and other corporate
|
||
interests.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
An <a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=5928">
|
||
introduction</a> to the arch Version Control System.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=5669">
|
||
Review of four open-source accounting packages</a>:
|
||
Emma, GnuCash, jGnash and QHacc.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
Maddog
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=6136">
|
||
visits the 20th anniversary of the Swiss Open Systems Group</a>
|
||
in Zurick, gives a talk, takes pictures, drinks the water (it's fresh).
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/bg">
|
||
The Linux Buyer's Guide</a>
|
||
is a service provided by Linux Journal; it lists
|
||
software (both commercial and free), hardware, distributions, books, etc.
|
||
There are ten major categories and dozens of subcategories, and a search
|
||
page for searching names, descriptions and price ranges. The service is
|
||
always free to users, and vendors likewise can list their products for free.
|
||
(Vendors can also sign up for paid premium services; e.g., banner ads.)
|
||
Entries are added by the vendor through the web, so they reflect which vendors
|
||
have visited the site and chosen to list their products.
|
||
Free software developers are invited to register as "vendors" and list their
|
||
software, so that the public can comparison shop between free and commercial
|
||
items. Just designate one person to be the Buyer's Guide contact, who will
|
||
update the product listing as the product changes. (All listings must be
|
||
updated or verified at least once a year or they will be dropped; this prevents
|
||
stale listings from remaining.)
|
||
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
Some links from <a href="http://slashdot.org/">Slashdot</a> that should
|
||
appeal to you:
|
||
</p><ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
Ransom Love
|
||
<a href="http://interviews.slashdot.org/interviews/02/06/24/1556244.shtml?tid%163">
|
||
answers questions from Slashdot readers</a>
|
||
about UnitedLinux. Love was Caldera's CEO at the time of the interview,
|
||
but now he's full time with UnitedLinux.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
A Fictional
|
||
<a href="http://www.popsci.com/popsci/science/article/0,12543,260388,00.html">
|
||
story</a>
|
||
in <em>Popular Science</em> magazine about how much information an
|
||
average Joe leaves about himself during the course of a day.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
European commission
|
||
<a href="http://slashdot.org/articles/02/05/28/1723200.shtml?tid%106">
|
||
sponsors Linux audio distribution</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://www.cluelessmailers.org/spamdemic/mapfullsize.html">
|
||
A map of spam</a>.
|
||
Who sends it, who advertises through whom, and how the bulk of them
|
||
interrelate.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://www.msnbc.com/news/761972.asp?0pup">
|
||
Broadband by the bootstraps</a>:
|
||
How a group of neighbours built their own high-speed network
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Joel Spolsky has written a well thought out
|
||
<a href="http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/StrategyLetterV.html">
|
||
article</a> outlining his theories on the economics underlying open source
|
||
software. This was
|
||
<a href="http://slashdot.org/articles/02/06/17/0435227.shtml?tid%106">
|
||
discussed on Slashdot</a>. While on the theme of economics, <em>Linux
|
||
Journal</em> have an article entitled
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com//article.php?sid=6149">
|
||
A Successful Linux/Open-Source Business Model</a> which might be worth
|
||
looking through.
|
||
|
||
</p><p> </p><hr> <p>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
</p><h3><img alt=" " src="lg_bytes2_files/bolt">
|
||
<font color="green">LWN
|
||
</font>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="http://lwn.net/">
|
||
Linux Weekly News</a>
|
||
has
|
||
<a href="http://lwn.net/Articles/978/">
|
||
a new look</a>,
|
||
"making light use of style sheets", which you should take a look at. There
|
||
are further changes and enhancements including a more dynamic front page,
|
||
login-preferences, and article talkbacks (which you will see at the bottom
|
||
of the
|
||
<a href="http://lwn.net/Articles/978/">
|
||
announcement</a>
|
||
of the new look). The old LWN site and content is available as
|
||
<a href="http://old.lwn.net">old.lwn.net</a>.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Of course, not only does LWN have a new and attractive style, it also has
|
||
lots of good content! The following are some highlights of the past month
|
||
that might interest you:
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
Jon Corbet's
|
||
<a href="http://lwn.net/Articles/3022/">
|
||
report from the 2002 Kernel Developers' Summit</a>. Has lots of
|
||
information on where the Linux Kernel project actually is, and where it
|
||
is heading.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://lwn.net/Articles/2483/">
|
||
Commentary</a> on
|
||
the contradictions in how Disney's policies and aims interact with
|
||
Linux.
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name="conferences"></a>
|
||
<p><hr><p>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="green">Upcoming conferences and events</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
<P> Listings courtesy <EM>Linux Journal</EM>. See <EM>LJ</EM>'s
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxjournal.com/events.php">Events</A> page for the
|
||
latest goings-on.
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN events table [this line needed by Linux Gazette events.py *** -->
|
||
|
||
<table cellpadding=5 border=0 width=100%>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td colspan=2><HR size=5 width=100% noshade align=center></td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td valign=top>
|
||
<b>O'Reilly Open Source Convention (O'Reilly)</b><BR>
|
||
<td valign=top>July 22-26, 2002<BR>San Diego, CA<BR>
|
||
<a href="http://conferences.oreilly.com/" target="_blank">
|
||
http://conferences.oreilly.com/</A><BR>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td colspan=2><HR size=5 width=100% noshade align=center></td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td valign=top>
|
||
<b>USENIX Securty Symposium (USENIX)</b><BR>
|
||
<td valign=top>August 5-9, 2002<BR>San Francisco, CA<BR>
|
||
<a href="http://www.usenix.org/events/sec02/" target="_blank">
|
||
http://www.usenix.org/events/sec02/</A><BR>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td colspan=2><HR size=5 width=100% noshade align=center></td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td valign=top>
|
||
<b>LinuxWorld Conference & Expo (IDG)</b><BR>
|
||
<td valign=top>August 12-15, 2002<BR>San Francisco, CA<BR>
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxworldexpo.com" target="_blank">
|
||
http://www.linuxworldexpo.com</A><BR>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td colspan=2><HR size=5 width=100% noshade align=center></td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td valign=top>
|
||
<b>LinuxWorld Conference & Expo Australia (IDG)</b><BR>
|
||
<td valign=top>August 14 - 16, 2002<BR>Australia<BR>
|
||
<a href="http://www.idgexpoasia.com/" target="_blank">
|
||
http://www.idgexpoasia.com/</A><BR>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td colspan=2><HR size=5 width=100% noshade align=center></td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td valign=top>
|
||
<b>Communications Design Conference (CMP)</b><BR>
|
||
<td valign=top>September 23-26, 2002<BR>San Jose, California<BR>
|
||
<a href="http://www.commdesignconference.com/" target="_blank">
|
||
http://www.commdesignconference.com/</A><BR>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td colspan=2><HR size=5 width=100% noshade align=center></td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td valign=top>
|
||
<b>IBM eServer pSeries (RS/6000) and Linux Technical University</b><BR>
|
||
<td valign=top>October 14-18, 2002<BR>Dallas, TX<BR>
|
||
<a href="http://www-3.ibm.com/services/learning/conf/us/pseries/" target="_blank">
|
||
http://www-3.ibm.com/services/learning/conf/us/pseries/</A><BR>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td colspan=2><HR size=5 width=100% noshade align=center></td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td valign=top>
|
||
<b>Software Development Conference & Expo, East (CMP)</b><BR>
|
||
<td valign=top>November 18-22, 2002<BR>Boston, MA<BR>
|
||
<a href="http://www.sdexpo.com/" target="_blank">
|
||
http://www.sdexpo.com/</A><BR>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td colspan=2><HR size=5 width=100% noshade align=center></td></tr>
|
||
|
||
</table>
|
||
<!-- *** END events table [this line needed by Linux Gazette events.py *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name="general"></a>
|
||
<p><hr><p>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="green">News in General</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Simile.D
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
LinuxSecurity.com have
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxsecurity.com/articles/server_security_article-5066.html">
|
||
reported on a virus</a>
|
||
that can affect both Windows and Linux. Called Simile.D, it is only a
|
||
serious risk to a Linux user if she reads email attachments as root.
|
||
Security risk is therefore relatively small.
|
||
If you want more information, you can see further details
|
||
<a href="http://www.vnunet.com/News/1132372">
|
||
on Vnunet's website</a>, and also
|
||
<a href="http://securityresponse.symantec.com/avcenter/venc/data/linux.simile.html">
|
||
on Symantec's website</a>
|
||
<P>
|
||
A better bet is to read Robin "Roblimo" Miller's
|
||
<a href="http://newsforge.com/article.pl?sid=2002/06/07/0121241&mode=thread&tid=16">
|
||
article</a>
|
||
at NewsForge:
|
||
"One of the great defects in Linux
|
||
compared to Windows is that it is not infected by cool viruses."
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">HP, Oracle and Red Hat Combine Engineering Expertise to
|
||
Further Develop Linux Solutions for the Enterprise
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://www.hp.com/">HP</a> have announced that it has
|
||
combined engineering resources with software company
|
||
<a href="http://www.oracle.com/">Oracle</a>, and
|
||
<a href="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat</a>,
|
||
to certify and deliver Red Hat Linux Advanced Server on an 8-Node
|
||
Oracle9i Real Application Clusters environment running on ProLiant DL580
|
||
servers from the new HP.
|
||
<P> More information on HP's Linux initiatives is available at
|
||
<a href="http://www.hp.com/linux">
|
||
www.hp.com/linux</a>
|
||
<p>
|
||
This move has had some press coverage.
|
||
Siliconvalley internet.com
|
||
<a href="http://siliconvalley.internet.com/news/article.php/1276851">
|
||
has interpreted it</a> as a move to unseat IBM as the dominant Linux
|
||
vendor.
|
||
IDG has characterised the development as
|
||
<a href="http://www.idg.net/crd_idgsearch_2.html?url=http://www.infoworld.com/articles/hn/xml/02/05/28/020528hnunbreakable.xml">
|
||
a reaction to the UnitedLinux development</a>. Don Marti has also
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=6123">
|
||
commented</a> on the role Oracle's favouring of RedHat will have on the
|
||
distribution market.
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">United Linux
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
One of the biggest earthquakes in the Linux Distribution landscape in a
|
||
long time was the announcement by Caldera, SuSE, Turbolinux and Conectiva
|
||
that they were going to team up to form
|
||
<a href="http://www.unitedlinux.com/">UnitedLinux</a>.
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/7/25503.html">
|
||
Speculation</a> about
|
||
what exactly this
|
||
<a href="http://newsforge.com/article.pl?sid=02/05/29/138258">
|
||
development</a>
|
||
will mean for Linux began even before the
|
||
announcement was formally made.
|
||
<a href="http://www.redhat.com">
|
||
RedHat</a>,
|
||
which would be an obvious target of the newly formed UnitedLinux, has made
|
||
little comment on the development and is reported to be
|
||
<a href="http://linuxtoday.com/news_story.php3?ltsn=2002-05-30-019-26-NW-BZ-RH">
|
||
cautiously optimistic</a>.
|
||
However Dennis Powell, writing at Linux and Main, sees this as the
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxandmain.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=91">
|
||
beginning of a larger battle</a>
|
||
between UnitedLinux on one side and Dell Red Hat and Oracle on the other.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Among the features of UnitedLinux which have attracted
|
||
attention are
|
||
<a href="http://newsforge.com/article.pl?sid=02/05/31/228254">
|
||
the refusal to distribute free binaries</a>, and talk of
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxandmain.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=83">
|
||
per seat licensing</a>. It would appear that not all details in these areas have
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/25587.html">
|
||
yet been worked out</a>.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Alexis de Tocqueville Institution
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
One of the most contentious happenings of the past month was
|
||
<a href="http://www.adti.net/html_files/defense/opensource_pressrelease_05_30_2002.html">
|
||
the release</a>
|
||
by the
|
||
<a href="http://www.adti.net/">Alexis de Tocqueville Institution</a>
|
||
of a whitepaper entitled Opening the Open Source Debate. Among the points
|
||
made in this document was that
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
Terrorists trying to hack or disrupt U.S. computer networks might find it
|
||
easier if the federal government attempts to switch to "open source" as
|
||
some groups propose.'
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
Unsurprisingly, this led to an outcry among many associated with open
|
||
source software.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Happily, for those of us who believe free and open software is a good
|
||
thing, it appears that these contentions are not being blindly accepted.
|
||
Indeed there have been some very well considered rebuttals of the
|
||
whitepaper's theories. David F. Skoll at the Sydney Morning Herald has
|
||
made
|
||
<a href="http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/06/11/1022982836568.html">
|
||
detailed arguments</a>
|
||
(also
|
||
<a href="http://www.roaringpenguin.com/adti2.php3">at Roaring
|
||
Penguin</a>)
|
||
against the specific points raised as has
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/25656.html">
|
||
Thomas C. Greene at The Register</a> and
|
||
<a href="http://newsforge.com/article.pl?sid=02/06/14/1948201&mode=thread&tid=11">
|
||
Karl O. Pinc at NewsForge</a>,
|
||
<P>
|
||
Some commentators such as Michelle Delio at Wired have
|
||
<a href="http://www.wired.com/news/linux/0,1411,52973,00.html">
|
||
suggested</a>
|
||
that Microsoft may have paid to have the paper written. Whoever were the
|
||
original funders of the paper, if <em>you</em> want to read it, you will
|
||
have to stump up $5.29,
|
||
<a href="http://newsforge.com/article.pl?sid=02/06/20/1755215&mode=thread&tid=11">
|
||
as reported by NewsForge</a>.
|
||
It is possible to download the original version
|
||
<a href="http://x.emdx.org/Slashdot/old_opensource_whitepaper.pdf">
|
||
from a non-ADTI server</a>, which was linked from the
|
||
<a href="http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=02/06/10/1737258&tid=99">
|
||
Slashdot report</a> on this story.
|
||
Apparently, the main
|
||
differences
|
||
between the different versions of the document are in spelling and grammar
|
||
(Anthony Awtrey at Linux and Main
|
||
<a href="http://linuxandmain.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=97">
|
||
goes through them in detail</a>).
|
||
<P>
|
||
For a more positive analysis of the role of open/free software in
|
||
government and military applications, you could look at
|
||
<a href="http://www.mitre.org/support/papers/tech_papers_01/kenwood_software/index.shtml">
|
||
the MITRE paper</a> on the subject. Finally, for the ultimate irony,
|
||
NewsForge had the
|
||
<a href="http://newsforge.com/article.pl?sid=02/06/05/1721223">
|
||
pleasure of reporting</a> that the ADTI's own website runs
|
||
<a href="http://www.apache.org">Apache</a>.
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">MobiliX wins Against Obelix
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
In a recent court hearing in Germany, the owners of the name
|
||
<a href="http://www.mobilix.org">Mobilix</a> have
|
||
defeated a challenge
|
||
brought against them by
|
||
<a href="http://www.editions-albert-rene.com">
|
||
Les Éditions Albert René</a>, owners of the popular Asterix comic
|
||
book series. The Asterix comic features a character named Obelix, and it
|
||
was the contention of lawyers representing
|
||
<a href="http://www.editions-albert-rene.com">
|
||
Les Éditions Albert René</a> that the name Mobilix was a violation
|
||
of their trademarks. Mobilix is a website devoted to
|
||
<b>Mobil</b>e Un<b>ix</b>
|
||
(in particular Linux and BSD on laptops, PDA's, cell phones, etc.,).
|
||
The court eventually ruled that there was little chance of the names being
|
||
mixed up, especially given the very different markets they are aimed at.
|
||
<p>
|
||
The documentation of the case is available
|
||
<a href="http://mobilix.org/mobilix_asterix.html">
|
||
online</a> (also
|
||
<a href="http://mobilix.org/de/mobilix_asterix.html">
|
||
in German</a>),
|
||
and includes letters from MobiliX lawyers
|
||
<a href="http://www.jbb.de">
|
||
Jaschinski Biere Brexl</a>.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name="distro"></a>
|
||
<p><hr><p>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="green">Distro News</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Debian
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://www.debian.org/News/weekly/">
|
||
Debian Weekly News</a>
|
||
have
|
||
<a href="http://www.debian.org/News/weekly/2002/24/">
|
||
reported</a>
|
||
the availability of
|
||
preliminary XFree86 4.2.0 Packages.
|
||
Branden Robinson and
|
||
Ishikawa Mutsumi's announcement is available
|
||
<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-x-0206/msg00029.html">
|
||
here</a>.
|
||
Werner Heuser has set up a
|
||
<a href="http://mobilix.org/debian_xfree42.html">
|
||
Mini HOWTO about Debian-XFree86 v4.2</a>. Download from
|
||
<a href="http://raw.no/x4.2/">
|
||
a mirror</a>
|
||
if possible.
|
||
<P>
|
||
<HR NOSHADE WIDTH="20%">
|
||
<P>
|
||
Also
|
||
<a href="http://www.debian.org/News/weekly/2002/23/">
|
||
reported</a> by DWN was the
|
||
<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-cd-0206/msg00046.html">
|
||
availability of</a> updated Woody
|
||
<a href="http://www.phy.olemiss.edu/debian-minicd/">
|
||
MiniCD images</a> for alpha, i386, m68k, and PowerPC.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Gentoo
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P> Gentoo Linux 1.2 was
|
||
<a href="http://www.gentoo.org/news/20020610-gentoo.html">
|
||
released June 10</a>.
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Phat
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The fourth release of
|
||
<a href="http://www.phatlinux.com">
|
||
Phat Linux</a>
|
||
has arrived on FTP servers. It includes updates such as Ximian GNOME and a
|
||
2.4.18 kernel. Phat aims to be installable on a Windows computer without
|
||
repartitioning.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Slackware
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Slackware</a> has announced the release of Slackware 8.1.
|
||
Highlights of this
|
||
release include KDE 3.0.1, GNOME 1.4.1 (with new additions like Evolution),
|
||
the long-awaited Mozilla 1.0 browser, support for many new filesystems like
|
||
ext3, ReiserFS, JFS, and XFS, and support for several new SCSI and ATA RAID
|
||
controllers. You can buy it at
|
||
<a href="http://store.slackware.com">
|
||
store.slackware.com</a>, or download it from one of
|
||
<a href="http://slackware.com/getslack/">
|
||
many mirrors</a>.
|
||
The new release has been
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxplanet.com/linuxplanet/reviews/4241/2/">
|
||
reviewed by Linux Planet</a>,
|
||
and also
|
||
<a href="http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=02/06/19/0330205&mode=nested&tid=106">
|
||
reported by Slashdot</a>.
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">SuSE
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
|
||
<a href="http://linuxtoday.com/news_story.php3?ltsn=2002-06-03-015-26-NW-BZ-SS">
|
||
SuSE plans a developers' release</a>
|
||
of UnitedLinux, and won't have a per-seat license. This does not directly
|
||
affect the other distributions participating in UnitedLinux.
|
||
<P>
|
||
<HR NOSHADE WIDTH="20%">
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://www.suse.de/en">SuSE Linux</a>
|
||
have announced the mid-June availability of SuSE Linux
|
||
Pro-Office CD with Sun Microsystems' StarOffice 6.0. Additionally,
|
||
the Pro-Office CD for SuSE Linux 8.0 features the latest edition
|
||
of the ultimate desktop environment KDE 3.0.1, as well as
|
||
important patches for the SuSE Linux 8.0 operating system. With
|
||
the Pro-Office CD, SuSE Linux users can equip their home computers
|
||
with state-of-the-art Linux desktop technology.
|
||
<P>
|
||
<HR NOSHADE WIDTH="20%">
|
||
<P>
|
||
SuSE Linux have also announced the release of an updated version of the
|
||
<a href="http://www.suse.de/en/groupware">
|
||
SuSE Linux Groupware Server</a>.
|
||
The interweaving of the Linux operating system with the newly released
|
||
Lotus Application Server 5.0.10 makes the SuSE Linux Groupware Server a
|
||
powerful Lotus solution for Intel and AMD 32-bit processors.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name="commercial"></a>
|
||
<p><hr><p>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="green">Software and Product News</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Mozilla 1.0
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Few can have missed this particular piece of news, but just in case you
|
||
have been living under a rock all June,
|
||
<a href="http://www.mozilla.org/">Mozilla 1.0</a>
|
||
has been
|
||
<a href="http://www.mozilla.org/releases/mozilla1.0/">
|
||
released</a>.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Note that there are
|
||
<a href="http://mozilla.org/MPL/missing.html">
|
||
a few contributors</a> to the project
|
||
who still need to be contacted before Mozilla can be made 100% GPL. Maybe
|
||
you can help track them down.
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Linux Game Publishing: Majesty
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxgamepublishing.com/">
|
||
Linux Game Publishing</a> have released
|
||
the first
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxgamepublishing.com/screenshots.php?id=8">screenshot</a>
|
||
from the Linux version of
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxgamepublishing.com/info.php?id=8">Majesty</a>.
|
||
Majesty is a real-time strategy game currently in development at LGP.
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Faximum Announces New Fax Software for Linux and Windows
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://www.faximum.com/">
|
||
Faximum Software</a>,
|
||
a developer of fax server software, has announced a major new release of
|
||
its
|
||
<a href="http://www.faximum.com/fms">
|
||
Fax Messaging Server (FMS)</a>
|
||
product. FMS 2 runs on Linux, integrates with an organisation's existing
|
||
email server, and enables Windows, Mac, and Linux users to send and receive
|
||
faxes as easily as (and using the same tools as) email. It is possible to
|
||
try out the software running on one of Faximum's servers at
|
||
<a href="http://www.faximum.com/demo">
|
||
www.faximum.com/demo</a>.
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Mammoth PostgreSQL Free Evaluation Now Available
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://www.commandprompt.com">
|
||
Command Prompt, Inc.</a>
|
||
is pleased to announce the immediate availability of
|
||
an evaluation version of Mammoth PostgreSQL for RedHat Linux 7.2/7.3. The release
|
||
contains a 5 connection Mammoth PostgreSQL, LXP the XML application server
|
||
for PostgreSQL and Mammoth Browser a GUI based data management application.
|
||
<P>
|
||
The product is available for immediate electronic distribution by visiting
|
||
the Command Prompt, Inc. website at
|
||
<a href="http://www.commandprompt.com">
|
||
www.commandprompt.com</a>.
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Cylant IDS Upgrade Announced
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://www.cylant.com/">
|
||
Cylant</a>,
|
||
a provider of host-based intrusion detection and rejection systems for the
|
||
Linux and FreeBSD server platforms, have announced the release of version
|
||
1.2.3 of
|
||
<a href="http://www.cylant.com/products/cylantsecure.html">
|
||
CylantSecure</a>.
|
||
CylantSecure applies a preventative, behavioural approach to security,
|
||
utilising kernel monitoring to detect attacks without needing continual
|
||
signature or rule-set updates.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Benefits of CylantSecure's new version 1.2.3 include:
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
Improved instrumentation for better kernel level behavioural
|
||
measurement.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
More flexible IP profiling for superior recognition of port scans and
|
||
connection hijacking attempts.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
Watcher performs faster over previous versions.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
Includes new self-training mandatory access control system.
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Reliaty Announces New Data Protection Product
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://www.reliaty.com">
|
||
Reliaty</a>,
|
||
a provider of advanced data protection,
|
||
have introduced Reliaty Backup, a data protection software developed
|
||
on a Network Data Management Protocol (NDMP) foundation. This allows backup and
|
||
recovery of data from any point within a storage environment to any device,
|
||
regardless of the server and storage platforms or location of the
|
||
connections. Reliaty Backup offers this seamless methodology for
|
||
multiplatform environments, creating a new level of cost savings,
|
||
ease-of-use, and faster data recovery.
|
||
This standards-based software can be
|
||
used with Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices, and also with UNIX, Linux,
|
||
and Windows systems even if NAS is not present.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Pricing for Reliaty Backup starts at $2500. The software will be available in
|
||
July.
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">IBM Linux Center
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
In response to growing customer demand for Linux solutions,
|
||
<a href="http://www.ibm.com">
|
||
IBM</a> have
|
||
announced the opening of the first center in New York City to help the
|
||
financial services industry deploy Linux.
|
||
The Linux center, which will be based in Manhattan, will include hardware,
|
||
software and services from IBM as well as its partners, designed to help
|
||
financial services customers evaluate and plan Linux implementations.
|
||
SunGard, JD Edwards,Veritas, and Sybase are among the premier partners whose
|
||
technologies will be available in the IBM Linux Center.
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Arkeia Announces Plasmon Tape Library Certification
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://www.arkeia.com">
|
||
Arkeia Corporation</a>, a Southern California-based supplier of the Arkeia
|
||
network backup software, has completed compatibility tests with Plasmon
|
||
automated data storage libraries. Arkeia 4.2 tested compatible with Plasmon
|
||
V-Series devices, as did the Beta version of the soon-to-be-released Arkeia
|
||
5. Philippe Roussel, CEO of Arkeia Corp. said that this
|
||
"...brings to Plasmon libraries new perspectives in the Linux and Unix
|
||
environments."
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Plug `n' Play Security Blade Appliance
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Developed by
|
||
<a href="http://www.omnicluster.com">
|
||
OmniCluster Technologies</a>
|
||
of Boca Raton, Florida (an IBM spinoff), the SlotShield 1000 and SlotShield
|
||
3000 blade servers are redefining the security appliance market.
|
||
OmniCluster has partnered with Check Point Software Technologies, to
|
||
develop a security appliance integrating Check Point's VPN-1/FireWall-1
|
||
with OmniCluster's SlotShield appliance blade technology. Both products
|
||
are plug n play security solutions that are PCI compatible and can be
|
||
installed within minutes inside any industry standard server system. The
|
||
SlotShield 3000's plug-n-play capabilities enable installation as easily as
|
||
replacing a server's Network Interface Card. The SlotShield 3000 supports
|
||
any server running Windows NT service pack 6, Windows 2000, Windows XP and
|
||
Linux kernel 2.2x and 2.4x.
|
||
<P>
|
||
OmniCluster currently offers three variations
|
||
in its blade security appliances. They include:
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
Single-server firewalls
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
High availability firewalls (HAFW) for server "farms
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
Multiple applications for URL, virus screening, email screening,
|
||
intrusion detection
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">New PXI Systems from MEN Micro
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://www.men.de">MEN Micro</a>; a company that
|
||
designs, manufactures and sells board-level industrial real-time
|
||
and embedded computer products;
|
||
has announced the release of two new PXI systems.
|
||
MEN's new PXI systems come in two sizes, a 19-in. 7U rack with as many
|
||
as 21 PXI slots and a 4U high rack with seven PXI
|
||
slots. Pentium-based 6U and 3U MEN F7 PXI
|
||
controllers are at the heart of the processing platform for these
|
||
PXI systems. By the end of 2002, MEN plans to release a Pentium IV-based
|
||
PXI system controller.
|
||
The MEN product lines support the most widely used
|
||
operating systems, including Windows NT, VxWorks, OS-9, QNX and Linux.
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Wolfram Research Announces Release of Mathematica 4.2
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://www.wolfram.com">
|
||
Wolfram Research</a>, have released
|
||
<a href="http://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/newin42">
|
||
Mathematica 4.2</a>. New packages, XML functionality, and
|
||
Java connectivity have been added in this release.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Other software
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The
|
||
<a href="http://www.samba.org/">Samba</a>
|
||
Team is proud to
|
||
<a href="http://linuxtoday.com/news_story.php3?ltsn02-06-20-008-26-NW-SV-SW">
|
||
announce</a>
|
||
the release of Samba
|
||
2.2.5, the latest stable release of Samba
|
||
<P><HR WIDTH="20%" NOSHADE><P>
|
||
<a href="http://galeon.sourceforge.net/news/index.php#43">
|
||
Galeon 2.5 was released</a> on June 8. Features Mozilla 1.0 compatibility.
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
Copyright © 2002, Michael Conry and
|
||
the Editors of <A HREF="mailto:gazette@ssc.com"><I>Linux Gazette</I></A>.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 80 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, July 2002</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">Pl/Python and Cursors in Pl/Pgsql for PostgreSQL</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:articles@gnujobs.com">Mark Nielsen</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><a href="#Purpose">Purpose</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#compile">Compiling PostgreSQL</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#executing">Executing Pl/Python and Pl/PgSQL with Cursors</a></li>
|
||
|
||
<li><a href="#suggestions">Suggestions for Future</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#conclusions">Conclusion</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#REF">References</a></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a NAME="Purpose"></a>Purpose</h3>
|
||
The purpose of this article is to get people more familiar with some new
|
||
programming techniques with procedural languages in PostgreSQL 7.2.
|
||
I am really a big fan of procedural languages, and overall, PostgreSQL
|
||
rocks when it comes to stored procedures. You can create many different
|
||
types of functions like : SQL, Pl/PgSQL, Pl/Perl, and Pl/Tcl. Recently in
|
||
7.2, you also have Pl/Perlu and Pl/Python --- unrestricted Perl and
|
||
Python. The ability to use other programming languages inside a database
|
||
server makes life a lot easier for a programmer (even if there is some
|
||
inefficiency with Perl and Python). For a few years, I was irritated by the
|
||
fact procedural languages couldn't return more than one item. That has sort
|
||
of been taken care of, but not perfectly. One of the last areas to make my
|
||
life ten times easier is to have procedural languages return more than item.
|
||
We will see we can sort of do this, but I have suggestions to make it better.
|
||
<p>
|
||
NOTE: I am using Red Hat 7.2 as a base for this article. Things will be
|
||
different with your version of Linux.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3><a NAME="compile"></a>Compiling PostgreSQL</h3>
|
||
|
||
There are three things you need to know when compiling PostgreSQL:
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>Edit src/pl/plperl/Makefile.PL and comment out lines 14 through 34.</li>
|
||
<li> Edit src/include/pg_config.h.in and change
|
||
<br>#define INDEX_MAX_KEYS 16
|
||
<br>to
|
||
<br>#define INDEX_MAX_KEYS 512
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li> Use this command to compile PostgreSQL:
|
||
<br>adduser postgres
|
||
<br>mkdir /usr/local/pg72
|
||
<br>
|
||
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pg72 --with-libraries=/usr/lib/perl5/5.6.0/i386-linux/CORE/libperl.a --with-perl --with-python
|
||
<br>make
|
||
<br>make install
|
||
<br>chown -R postgres /usr/local/pg72
|
||
<br>mkdir /home/postgres
|
||
<br>chown postgres /home/postgres
|
||
<br>su -l postgres
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
You can also add odbc, tcl, and other languages, but I am just using Perl
|
||
and Python as examples for now. After you execute "make" and "make install",
|
||
follow these commands as the user postgres.
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<br>PATH=/usr/local/pg72/bin:$PATH
|
||
<br>export PATH
|
||
<br>LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pg72/lib
|
||
<br>export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
|
||
<br>export PGDATA=/usr/local/pg72/data
|
||
<br>export PGLIB=/usr/local/pg72/lib
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>initdb</li>
|
||
<li>/usr/local/pg72/bin/pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pg72/data -l /tmp/pg_logfile start</li>
|
||
<li>createlang plperl template1</li>
|
||
<li>createlang plpython template1</li>
|
||
<li>createlang plpgsql template1</li>
|
||
<li>createdb postgres</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a NAME="executing"></a>Executing Pl/Python and Pl/PgSQL with Cursors</h3>
|
||
Here are a list of commands you can execute using the command "psql template1".
|
||
This assumes the database "postgres" has been created.
|
||
<p>
|
||
Execute these commands:
|
||
<pre>
|
||
|
||
\c postgres
|
||
|
||
drop table contact;
|
||
create table contact (
|
||
first text, last text, phone text, address text,
|
||
city text,state text, zip text
|
||
);
|
||
|
||
drop function replace_e_to_a(text);
|
||
CREATE FUNCTION replace_e_to_a(text) RETURNS text AS
|
||
'
|
||
import re
|
||
Text1 = re.sub(''e'', ''a'',args[0])
|
||
return Text1
|
||
'
|
||
LANGUAGE 'plpython';
|
||
|
||
drop function replace_numbers_to_z(text);
|
||
CREATE FUNCTION replace_numbers_to_z(text) RETURNS text AS
|
||
'
|
||
import re
|
||
Text1 = re.sub(''[0-9]'', ''z'',args[0])
|
||
return Text1
|
||
'
|
||
LANGUAGE 'plpython';
|
||
|
||
insert into contact values ('Mark','Nielsen','123-123-1234',
|
||
'1234 Somewhere St.', 'Some City 123', 'TX','12345-1234');
|
||
insert into contact values ('Mark','Nielsen2','123-123-1234',
|
||
'3456 Somewhere St.', 'Some City 444', 'MI','12345-1234');
|
||
insert into contact values ('Mark','Nielsen3','123-123-1234',
|
||
'5678 Somewhere St.', 'Some City 654', 'AX','12345-1234');
|
||
|
||
select first, last, address from contact;
|
||
|
||
drop function select_contact();
|
||
CREATE FUNCTION select_contact () RETURNS refcursor AS '
|
||
DECLARE
|
||
cursor1 CURSOR FOR select replace_e_to_a(first)as first,
|
||
replace_e_to_a(last) as last,
|
||
replace_numbers_to_z(address) as address
|
||
from contact;
|
||
BEGIN
|
||
open cursor1;
|
||
return (cursor1);
|
||
END;
|
||
' LANGUAGE 'plpgsql';
|
||
|
||
begin;
|
||
select select_contact();
|
||
FETCH cursor1; FETCH cursor1;FETCH cursor1;
|
||
end;
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
and the output should look like:
|
||
|
||
<pre>
|
||
DROP
|
||
CREATE
|
||
DROP
|
||
CREATE
|
||
DROP
|
||
CREATE
|
||
INSERT 255188 1
|
||
INSERT 255189 1
|
||
INSERT 255190 1
|
||
first | last | address
|
||
-------+----------+--------------------
|
||
Mark | Nielsen | 1234 Somewhere St.
|
||
Mark | Nielsen2 | 3456 Somewhere St.
|
||
Mark | Nielsen3 | 5678 Somewhere St.
|
||
(3 rows)
|
||
|
||
DROP
|
||
CREATE
|
||
BEGIN
|
||
select_contact
|
||
----------------
|
||
cursor1
|
||
(1 row)
|
||
|
||
first | last | address
|
||
-------+---------+--------------------
|
||
Mark | Nialsan | zzzz Somewhere St.
|
||
(1 row)
|
||
|
||
first | last | address
|
||
-------+----------+--------------------
|
||
Mark | Nialsan2 | zzzz Somewhere St.
|
||
(1 row)
|
||
|
||
first | last | address
|
||
-------+----------+--------------------
|
||
Mark | Nialsan3 | zzzz Somewhere St.
|
||
(1 row)
|
||
|
||
COMMIT
|
||
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
From this example, you can see how the Pl/pgSQL executes the Python
|
||
procedures (the Pl/Python procedures). You don't need Pl/pgSQL to execute
|
||
Pl/Python procedures, I just did it that way. You can only use
|
||
Perl and Python to manipulate data, not change data in the tables.
|
||
Perl and Python just input and output data, they don't do anything to
|
||
the database directly.
|
||
Also, pl/perlu gets installed
|
||
when you compile Perl into PostgreSQL, which is nice.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3><a NAME="suggestions"></a>Suggestions for Future</h3>
|
||
I still have three big complaints/suggestions:
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>Procedures seem to be able to only return one "item'. It can't return
|
||
two items. For me, I would like to be able to return at least two items --
|
||
a cursor and a flag saying if the cursor is good or not. Cursors DO NOT
|
||
make procedures return more than one value, they return the cursor which
|
||
you can consider to be a reference to many items, not the items themselves.
|
||
The way I compile my procedures is that they can take upto 512 variables
|
||
of input, but they can only return one "item". I am dumbstruck as to why
|
||
that is. I tried to read of the discussions on the mailing lists and docs,
|
||
but I got lost.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li> There doesn't seem to be very many things you can do to cursors, like
|
||
see how many entries there are, if there are any entries left, if there
|
||
are any entries at all, if it executed correctly, etc. Cursors need to be
|
||
advanced some more. Perhaps I just don't have enough experience with
|
||
cursors to comment on them.</li>
|
||
<li>Procedures can't return rows of data. Besides the fact it can only
|
||
return one item, it can't return rows of one items or rows which contain
|
||
multiple items. Being able to return multiple rows with multiple fields
|
||
would be cool. Even if we only want to return one row of data, it would
|
||
be nice to return a cursor as one item, and then its status (good, bad,
|
||
how many, etc) as well. If you can return more than one item, you might
|
||
as well make it unlimited or limited by a compile-time number (like inputs
|
||
are).</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
I like the progression of procedural languages in PostgreSQL. It seems
|
||
to be way ahead of a lot of the other free database servers and even
|
||
most of the commercial ones. Taking it to the next step would really make
|
||
it more of a kick-butt database server. I try to help out by writing
|
||
up articles, perhaps you can try to help out by adding features?
|
||
<p>
|
||
This isn't really a complaint of cursors, but of DBD:Pg for Perl, and
|
||
possibly other interfaces to PostgreSQL -- cursors really aren't supported,
|
||
as far as I can tell. Thus, if Pl/PgSQL could return multiple rows
|
||
of multiple items, it would take care of this problem.
|
||
<p>
|
||
The only other way I know to store data from a procedure is into a temporary
|
||
table which can be accessed after the procedure has finished.
|
||
To me, that is a bit extreme for 99% of the data I want to get. It is
|
||
extreme because usually I just want one row of data and creating a table
|
||
just for one row of data isn't worth the effort.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3><a NAME="conclusions"></a>Conclusions.</h3>
|
||
Pl/Python will finally let me let go of Perl once and for all (I have
|
||
converted myself to Python). Pl/PgSQL is getting closer to something
|
||
that makes it easy for me to program and create complicated procedures
|
||
-- I just wish it could actually return multiple items and not
|
||
just a reference to a cursor or other single item.
|
||
<p>
|
||
The sad thing is, my version of DBD::Pg for Perl and my Python interface
|
||
don't support cursors, and so, it is useless for me to the most part, but
|
||
at least it is getting better. I found some things at
|
||
<a href="http://developer.postgresql.org/todo.php">
|
||
http://developer.postgresql.org/todo.php</a> which look promising. Since
|
||
cursors really aren't supported in the programming languages I use, if
|
||
I truly need to store lots of data, I will probably have to use
|
||
temporary tables. I still don't understand why a procedural language
|
||
can't return data like you can in a normal sql command. Whatever the
|
||
limitation is, it would be nice to overcome.
|
||
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<a NAME="REF"></a>References</h3>
|
||
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://www.gnujobs.com/Articles/24/nielsen.html">
|
||
Standard Database Setup with Perl and PostgreSQL: Part 3
|
||
</a></li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://www.gnujobs.com/Articles/22/Perl_PostgreSQL2.html">
|
||
Part 2: PostgreSQL: Perl procedures with PL/pgSQL</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.gnujobs.com/Articles/20/Perl_PostgreSQL.html">
|
||
Part 1: PostgreSQL: Perl procedures with PL/pgSQL</a>.</li>
|
||
<li>An older article
|
||
<a href="http://linuxgazette.com/issue57/nielsen2.html">setting of Web and Database Servers.</a>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.brw.net/php/whitepapers.php">
|
||
Branden Williams articles</a> on PostgreSQL. </li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://techdocs.postgresql.org/oresources.php">
|
||
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/oresources.php</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://techdocs.postgresql.org/">
|
||
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/</a></li>
|
||
<li> Some links which have nothing to do with this article, but I am
|
||
considering for future articles.
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="http://authpg.sourceforge.net/">
|
||
http://authpg.sourceforge.net/</a>. </li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.digitalstratum.com/pglogd/">
|
||
http://www.digitalstratum.com/pglogd/</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.giuseppetanzilli.it/mod_auth_pgsql/">
|
||
http://www.giuseppetanzilli.it/mod_auth_pgsql/</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.zort.ca/postgresql/">
|
||
http://www.zort.ca/postgresql/</a> -- very nice and I will use this. I tried
|
||
it, and it grouped all my tables together, so I had to ungroup it
|
||
and separate out the tables.
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.brasileiro.net/postgres/cookbook/">
|
||
http://www.brasileiro.net/postgres/cookbook/</a></li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
If this article
|
||
changes, it will be available at
|
||
<a href="http://www.gnujobs.com/Articles/26/nielsen.html">
|
||
http://www.gnujobs.com/Articles/26/nielsen.html</a></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<h4><img align=bottom alt="" src="../gx/note.gif">Mark Nielsen</h4>
|
||
<EM>Mark works at
|
||
<a href="http://www.audioboomerang.com/">AudioBoomerang.com</a>
|
||
which creates, delivers, and tracks personalized multimedia email, web,
|
||
and newsletter campaigns. He works as a consultant delivering end products
|
||
to AudioBoomerang.com clients, such as advanced customized statistical
|
||
reports used for demographic or pyschological profiles for future campaigns.
|
||
In his spare time, he writes articles relating to Free Software (GPL) or
|
||
Free Literature (FDL) and is involved with the non-profit learning center
|
||
<a href="http://www.eastmont.net">eastmont.net</a>.</EM>
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2002, Mark Nielsen.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 80 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, July 2002</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">Red Hat and USB devices</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:articles@gnujobs.com">Mark Nielsen</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><a href="#Purpose">Purpose</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#computer">The Emperor Linux Computer I have and USB</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#mouse">The USB Optical Mouse</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#camera">USB HP PhotoSmart 318 camera</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#drive">BUSLink 40G USB external hard drive</a></li>
|
||
|
||
<li><a href="#suggestions">Suggestions for Future</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#conclusions">Conclusion</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#REF">References</a></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a NAME="Purpose"></a>Purpose</h3>
|
||
The Purpose of this article is to get my USB mouse, USB camera, and
|
||
USB hard drive to work with Linux.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3><a NAME="computer"></a>The Emperor Linux Computer I have and USB</h3>
|
||
I started to use Red Hat 7.3. Although it has come a long way and I really
|
||
like how all the Linux Distributions are turning out, Red Hat 7.3 makes me
|
||
mad for only a few reasons:
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>OpenOffice doesn't appear to be in the distribution. Whatever the reason
|
||
is, it needs to be overcome. KDE Office and Gnome Office are cool, but not
|
||
including OpenOffice is a big big big mistake. OpenOffice is one of the key
|
||
suites to convert people to Linux. Having the choice of 3 office suites,
|
||
Gnome Office,
|
||
KDE Office, and OpenOffice (along with lots of other cool software like
|
||
GIMP. Mozilla, Evolution, PovRay, etc) can really convert people over.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li> The kernel under /usr/src/linux for Red Hat 7.3 doesn't seem to be
|
||
configured the way they installed the kernels onto your system. I tried
|
||
searching on Red Hat's website, but I didn't anywhere. Isn't it a little
|
||
stupid that that don't supply (or make it easy to find) the configs
|
||
files they used to compile the kernels? Perhaps I am blind, but it wasn't
|
||
obvious to me where their custom config file was. It makes me mad because
|
||
whenever I try to compile the kernel,
|
||
I can never get all the features I want without
|
||
it being too large (even though I try to modularize everything).</li>
|
||
<li>The kernel installed apparently won't let you add modules that you
|
||
create yourself. At least, when I tried to compile the usbide module
|
||
outside the source tree of the kernel, it was giving some weird error saying
|
||
it wasn't allowed to do it. However, on the computer I bought from
|
||
Emperor Linux (Red Hat 7.2),
|
||
I didn't have that problem (the kernel was compiled by the company and I was
|
||
able to compile the usbide module without recompling the kernel).
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Even though my USB camera and mouse works in Red Hat 7.3, because I couldn't
|
||
use the usb hard drive with it (without compiling a new kernel from scratch
|
||
which I always screw up), I decided to use the usb hard drive and camera
|
||
with the Linux laptop I got from Emperor Linux.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3><a NAME="mouse"></a>The USB Optical Mouse</h3>
|
||
I have 3 USB optical mice (different brands) and they all worked with
|
||
Red Hat 7.3, Red Hat 7.2, and my Emperor Linux computer. I don't know if the
|
||
default kernel in Red Hat 7.2 works with the optical mice because I compiled
|
||
different kernels (to get my wireless network cards to work right).
|
||
<p>
|
||
NOTE: Whoever likes to use trackball mice compared to optical mice has to be
|
||
an idiot. The optical usb/ps2 mice are very cheap these days and the balls
|
||
on the standard mice always get cluttered with junk and wear out. Go out
|
||
and replace the stupid trackball mice with an optical mouse today.
|
||
|
||
<h3><a NAME="camera"></a>The USB HP PhotoSmart 318 camera</h3>
|
||
|
||
My HP PhotoSmart 318 camera really rocks. Here is a help page I found.
|
||
<br>
|
||
<p><a href="http://lhd.datapower.com/db/dispproduct.php3?DISP=3101">
|
||
http://lhd.datapower.com/db/dispproduct.php3?DISP=3101</a>
|
||
<p>
|
||
It rocks because on a price/performance ratio, it was the best camera
|
||
out there for $179. All the other cameras that could do the same (or even less)
|
||
were easily two or three times more expensive. I think the market changed
|
||
and a lot of older models haven't dropped in price yet. For my needs it
|
||
was perfect. It had enough resolution, it saved jpg images, and I could
|
||
get memory expansion if I needed it (8 megs is fine so I will never
|
||
need to get the expansion).
|
||
<p>
|
||
Bottom line, in Red Hat 7.3 and my Emperor Linux computer, just as the
|
||
article said:
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>Changed the camera to hard drive mode.</li>
|
||
<li>usb-uhci worked fine (in the article it didn't).</li>
|
||
<li> In my /etc/fstab,
|
||
<pre>
|
||
### for my camera.
|
||
/dev/sda1 /mnt/camera vfat noauto,sync,nosuid,user,unhide 0 0
|
||
</pre>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li> mkdir -p /mnt/camera</li>
|
||
<li>mount /mnt/camera</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
And then the images where at "/mnt/camera/dcim/100hp318/". I didn't test
|
||
deleting the images. I will just delete them when I use the camera, but
|
||
I copied them over just fine. I am able to get about 14 images without
|
||
additional memory expansion.
|
||
<p>
|
||
I think ultimately most people will be using digital cameras within 5 years
|
||
and the standard camera industry will be dead except for photographers
|
||
and the little cameras you buy for one-time events. Digital cameras will be
|
||
able to contain so much memory in the next few years, hopefully
|
||
within 5 years you can store hundreds of images on a simple small camera.
|
||
Why would you want a film camera?
|
||
|
||
<h3><a NAME="drive"></a>BUSLink 40G USB external hard drive</h3>
|
||
My USB external hard drive was a pain in the butt. It was easy once
|
||
I found this webpage,
|
||
<a href="http://bravin.home.cern.ch/bravin/usbide/usbide.html">
|
||
http://bravin.home.cern.ch/bravin/usbide/usbide.html</a>. It was a pain
|
||
because I kept on trying and trying to figure what to do to get it to work.
|
||
<p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li> Downloaded usbide-1.2.2-b.tgz </li>
|
||
<li>tar -zxvf usbide-1.2.2-b.tgz</li>
|
||
<li>cd usbide</li>
|
||
<li> make</li>
|
||
<li>make install</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
There were a few problems,
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li> I had to make a symbolic link from /usr/src/linux pointing to my copy of the Linux
|
||
kernel source.</li>
|
||
<li> The hard drive can only have one partition because it won't save changes
|
||
if you try to change the heads/sectors/cylinders.</li>
|
||
<li>When I stress-tested the hard drive by copying lots of data over,
|
||
after 1 gig, it froze on me and gave me a weird error. I haven't
|
||
had a problem since.</li>
|
||
<li> For whatever reason, the standard Red Hat 7.3 wasn't configured
|
||
right to let me compile my own module and add it to the modules
|
||
under /lib/modules. Personally, I think that is stupid.</li>
|
||
<li>For whatever reason, I couldn't find a config file for kernel compiling
|
||
to get the exact same kernel Red Hat has installed on my system. If I had
|
||
to compile a new kernel, I would want the exact same one with just a
|
||
few of my changes. Maybe you can do it and their config file exists
|
||
somewhere, as I didn't try that hard, but it
|
||
wasn't obvious (which it should be). Thus I just used the computer I got
|
||
from Emperor Linux.</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a NAME="suggestions"></a>Suggestions for Future</h3>
|
||
I have a webcam I was interested in trying out.
|
||
Look at <a href="http://webcam-osx.sourceforge.net/cameras.html">
|
||
http://webcam-osx.sourceforge.net/cameras.html</a>. My IBM NetCam is not
|
||
supported on that list, bummer. They are cheap enough. I will just consider
|
||
buying a new webcam.
|
||
|
||
<h3><a NAME="conclusions"></a>Conclusions.</h3>
|
||
Using USB devices is really cool. I used to hate USB devices, but now that
|
||
I can have tons of stuff attached to my Linux boxes without them using
|
||
up all the resources, I like it. I just wish more companies would help create
|
||
Linux drivers for their products. I would never use a USB hard drive
|
||
for anything except backups and I wouldn't rely on USB for stuff that
|
||
requires a lot of cpu power. Firewire is good for heavy stuff.
|
||
All the other USB devices (mice, keyboards,
|
||
printers, webcam, camera, etc) are a good match for USB because they require
|
||
low overhead.
|
||
<p>
|
||
I copied over 3 gigs of data to my hard drive and I got seek errors. I thought
|
||
there could have been bad sectors, so I ran mkfs with the "-c" option, and
|
||
it took all day. Eventually, mkfs bombed, so I am going to wait a little
|
||
longer before I use the external hard drive with Linux. Most likely, I will
|
||
check hardware compatibility and go out and buy a new external hard drive
|
||
(maybe firewire instead of USB).
|
||
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<a NAME="REF"></a>References</h3>
|
||
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><a href="http://lhd.datapower.com/db/dispproduct.php3?DISP?3101">
|
||
http://lhd.datapower.com/db/dispproduct.php3?DISP?3101</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://bravin.home.cern.ch/bravin/usbide/usbide.html">
|
||
http://bravin.home.cern.ch/bravin/usbide/usbide.html</a></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<h4><img align=bottom alt="" src="../gx/note.gif">Mark Nielsen</h4>
|
||
<EM>Mark works at
|
||
<a href="http://www.audioboomerang.com/">AudioBoomerang.com</a>
|
||
which creates, delivers, and tracks personalized multimedia email, web,
|
||
and newsletter campaigns. He works as a consultant delivering end products
|
||
to AudioBoomerang.com clients, such as advanced customized statistical
|
||
reports used for demographic or pyschological profiles for future campaigns.
|
||
In his spare time, he writes articles relating to Free Software (GPL) or
|
||
Free Literature (FDL) and is involved with the non-profit learning center
|
||
<a href="http://www.eastmont.net">eastmont.net</a>.</EM>
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2002, Mark Nielsen.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 80 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, July 2002</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">Configuring GDM 2.2</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:articles@gnujobs.com">Mark Nielsen</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#config">Configuring GDM naughtily</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#Conclusion">Conclusion</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#REF">References</a></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<a NAME="Introduction"></a>Introduction</h3>
|
||
GDM, or GNOME Display Manager, is a graphical login service for your
|
||
computer when it boots up. Basically, it makes a nice pretty screen to look
|
||
at before you log in. With the standard
|
||
installation of RedHat, and I assume other distributions, GDM is really
|
||
cool. As a user, you can run the program "gdmphotosetup" to set the picture
|
||
of you that will show up in GDM when your computer starts. As the "root"
|
||
user, you can configure GDM with "gdmconfig" which lets you set a lot of
|
||
cool options. So why am I writing this article when you can do all this
|
||
yourself? I will show you some bad things you are not suppose to do.
|
||
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<a NAME="config"></a>Configuring GDM naughtily.</h3>
|
||
In the gdm.conf file, I changed these options (which you can also
|
||
probably do in the gui setup program).
|
||
<pre>
|
||
TitleBar=true
|
||
Browser=true
|
||
|
||
LockPosition=false
|
||
SetPosition=true
|
||
PositionX=0
|
||
PositionY=700
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Here is my /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default script.
|
||
<pre>
|
||
#!/bin/sh
|
||
|
||
/usr/X11R6/bin/xsetroot -solid "#363047"
|
||
|
||
### This next item is a huge security risk.
|
||
### It basically sets up an xterm with the user "mark".
|
||
xterm -r -fn 6x12 -geometry +0+25 -e '/etc/X11/gdm/mark.sh' &
|
||
#xterm -r -fn 6x12 -geometry +0+25 -e '/etc/X11/gdm/dummy.sh' &
|
||
### This puts a picture on the background.
|
||
/usr/bin/xsri -geometry 500x500+600+300 /etc/X11/gdm/im000048.jpg
|
||
### This puts xeyes on the screen to watch your mouse pointer.
|
||
xeyes -geometry +800+650 -bg white -fg green -outline blue &
|
||
### Christmas all year round.
|
||
xsnow -santaspeed 10 -santa 2 -snowflakes 1000 -whirl 4 -windtimer 30 &
|
||
### A clock down to the second.
|
||
xclock -digital -geometry +600+650 -update 1 &
|
||
|
||
### The popular mine game. Sorry, doesn't seem like you can position it.
|
||
### it just pops up in the middle of the screen.
|
||
gnomine &
|
||
|
||
### Maelstrom is pretty cool.
|
||
Maelstrom &
|
||
## xboard pops up behind GDM, so we can't use it.
|
||
#xboard &
|
||
### Chromium is a cool arcade-like old fashioned game.
|
||
chromium-setup &
|
||
### Look at the light shining on the earth.
|
||
kworldclock -geometry +750+0 &
|
||
### A silly creature for your desktop.
|
||
amor &
|
||
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<p>Now the contents of '/etc/X11/gdm/mark.sh'.
|
||
<pre>
|
||
#!/bin/bash
|
||
|
||
trap "" HUP
|
||
trap "" INT
|
||
trap "" QUIT
|
||
trap "" KILL
|
||
trap "" TSTP
|
||
|
||
su -l mark
|
||
exit
|
||
exit
|
||
</pre>
|
||
Why is the above script dangerous? Well, people can do stuff without
|
||
logging in. That is why I put a bunch of traps in the script and made
|
||
it exit as soon as someone quits as the user 'mark'. I don't want
|
||
anyone to execute root commands, so you have to make it so root exits as
|
||
soon as the user 'mark' quits and you have to trap the script so that
|
||
someone doesn't cancel the quit -- which would leave them logged in as root.
|
||
Still, the whole thing is bad and you shouldn't do it, even though I do.
|
||
As an alternative to my xterm session, you could use "chroot", which I
|
||
did successfully. It can be a little tricky to setup a chroot environment,
|
||
but you can do it. Here is a sample of an account I calld "dummy".
|
||
Remember, the /chroot/named environment has to look like the root directory
|
||
with a /bin, /sbin, /lib, and all the other directories if you want the
|
||
user to be able to do anything at all, and of course /etc/passwd.
|
||
<p>Now the contents of '/etc/X11/gdm/dummy.sh'.
|
||
<pre>
|
||
#!/bin/bash
|
||
|
||
trap "" HUP
|
||
trap "" INT
|
||
trap "" QUIT
|
||
trap "" KILL
|
||
trap "" TSTP
|
||
|
||
chroot /chroot/dummy su -l dummy
|
||
exit
|
||
exit
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<a NAME="Conclusion"></a>Conclusion</h3>
|
||
GDM is really cool, and I assume KDM is just a cool. I just like to
|
||
configure GDM to be nice to look at when I or someone else sits down at
|
||
them.
|
||
<p>
|
||
You might want to have other games playing in the background of your gdm
|
||
session. I tested various games, some work and some don't. Remember, every
|
||
program you run is a potential security hole if someone can somehow execute
|
||
commands through the program or know how to screw it up causing your
|
||
computer to get messed up. Obviously, doing something like this on a client
|
||
computer should get you fired.
|
||
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<a NAME="REF"></a>References</h3>
|
||
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.tcu-inc.com/Articles/19/GDM.html">
|
||
Configuring GDM 2.2</a>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.socsci.auc.dk/~mkp/gdm/">Gnome Display Manager</a>
|
||
<li> 6-24-1999 <a href="http://www.tcu-inc.com/mark/articles/Xdm.html">Setting up xdm.</a>
|
||
<li>
|
||
If this article
|
||
changes, it will be available
|
||
<a href="http://www.gnujobs.com/Articles/19/GDM.html">
|
||
http://www.gnujobs.com/Articles/19/GDM.html</a></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<h4><img align=bottom alt="" src="../gx/note.gif">Mark Nielsen</h4>
|
||
<EM>Mark works at
|
||
<a href="http://www.audioboomerang.com/">AudioBoomerang.com</a>
|
||
which creates, delivers, and tracks personalized multimedia email, web,
|
||
and newsletter campaigns. He works as a consultant delivering end products
|
||
to AudioBoomerang.com clients, such as advanced customized statistical
|
||
reports used for demographic or pyschological profiles for future campaigns.
|
||
In his spare time, he writes articles relating to Free Software (GPL) or
|
||
Free Literature (FDL) and is involved with the non-profit learning center
|
||
<a href="http://www.eastmont.net">eastmont.net</a>.</EM>
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2002, Mark Nielsen.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 80 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, July 2002</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">The Foolish Things We Do With Our Computers</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com">Mike Orr</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H2>Here, Mousie....</H2>
|
||
|
||
By <A HREF="mailto:H.Drummond@wlv.ac.uk">Harry Drummond</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> If you're reading this, you're probably well at ease with your mouse by
|
||
now. Some of us got the idea fairly easily, while others had to struggle.
|
||
One of the roots of failure, I've observed, is that beginners often hold
|
||
the mouse from above, like a cat that's just pounced on it and is
|
||
determined that it isn't going to get away from <EM>them</EM>. Then they punch the
|
||
button ferociously, and the mouse sheers wildly off target in terror.
|
||
|
||
<P> I've persuaded several such people to relax their death-grip; to let their
|
||
hand lie on the surface behind the mouse, just guiding it quietly with
|
||
thumb and little finger, and gently clicking the buttons when necessary.
|
||
And if their hand-eye co-ordination was shakey, then to work in L-shapes
|
||
(e.g. down then across), and allow direct movement to creep in in its own
|
||
time. These people have all come back a week later, pleased to report that
|
||
they've got much better.
|
||
|
||
<P> But in earlier days of computer mice, when they were still alien objects to
|
||
many people, it was not uncommon for me to watch students put a mouse on
|
||
its back and twiddle the mouse ball with their finger tips. The screen
|
||
behaviour was wonderfully erratic, and as a method of selection it had
|
||
distinct problems with clicking buttons, too.
|
||
|
||
<P> On one occasion I watched two girls doing this and in friendly fashion
|
||
showed them the proper way of using a mouse. They smiled, said thank you,
|
||
and a few minutes later the mouse was on its back again. Not foolish - just
|
||
their way of working. Or maybe I was seeing the birth of the trackerball...
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<HR NOSHADE WIDTH="80%%"> <!--*********************** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><EM>
|
||
[If you have a story about something foolish or ingenious you
|
||
did to your computer, send it to
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:gazette@ssc.com">gazette@ssc.com</A>-Iron.]
|
||
</EM></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Mike Orr</H4>
|
||
<EM>Mike ("Iron") is the Editor of <I>Linux Gazette</I>. You can read what he has
|
||
to say in the Back Page column in this issue. He has been a Linux enthusiast
|
||
since 1991 and a Debian user since 1995. He is SSC's web technical
|
||
coordinator, which means he gets to write a lot of Python scripts.
|
||
Non-computer interests include Ska/Oi! music and the international language
|
||
Esperanto. The nickname Iron was given to him in college--short for Iron Orr,
|
||
hahaha.</EM>
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2002, Mike Orr.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 80 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, July 2002</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">Qubism</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:sirflakey@core.org.au">Jon "Sir Flakey" Harsem</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><EM>
|
||
[These cartoons are scaled down to fit into LG.
|
||
To see a panel in all its clarity, click on it. -Editor (Iron).]
|
||
</EM></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
|
||
<A HREF="misc/qubism/qb-lightsnoop.jpg">
|
||
<IMG ALT="[cartoon]" SRC="misc/qubism/qb-lightsnoop.jpg"
|
||
WIDTH="640" HEIGHT="240"></A>
|
||
<BR CLEAR="all">
|
||
|
||
<A HREF="misc/qubism/qb-ps2linux.jpg">
|
||
<IMG ALT="[cartoon]" SRC="misc/qubism/qb-ps2linux.jpg"
|
||
WIDTH="640" HEIGHT="240"></A>
|
||
<BR CLEAR="all">
|
||
|
||
<P> All Qubism cartoons are
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.core.org.au/modules.php?name=Cartoons">here</A>
|
||
at the CORE web site.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Jon "SirFlakey" Harsem</H4>
|
||
<EM>Jon is the creator of the Qubism cartoon strip and current
|
||
Editor-in-Chief of the
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.core.org.au/">CORE</A> News Site.
|
||
Somewhere along the early stages of
|
||
his life he picked up a pencil and started drawing on the wallpaper. Now
|
||
his cartoons appear 5 days a week on-line, go figure. He confesses to
|
||
owning a Mac but swears it is for "personal use".</EM>
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2002, Jon "Sir Flakey" Harsem.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 80 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, July 2002</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">Wine: Raising a toast to your Windows Apps on Linux</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:tech@gauravtaneja.com">Gaurav Taneja</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P STYLE="font-weight: medium"><FONT SIZE=3>When I first started
|
||
working on Linux some years back I did rely on a standby Windows OS
|
||
installed in another partition in case something would fail. But soon
|
||
I realized that this Open Source OS had everything to offer without
|
||
my spending a penny. However, there are still times when I feel the
|
||
need to fire up some application that's written exclusively for Windows. What
|
||
do you do in such a situation? The answer is Wine.</FONT></P>
|
||
<P><FONT SIZE=4><B>Wine has nothing to do with liquor !</B></FONT></P>
|
||
<P><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"><FONT SIZE=3>There are products
|
||
like VMWare & Win4Lin that will let you run another OS (usually
|
||
Windows) on a running</FONT></SPAN> Linux machine so that you can run
|
||
your Windows programs. You could also go in for a more traditional
|
||
approach of having another partition with Windows installed on
|
||
it.However, these alternatives are more of an overhead on your system
|
||
than a solution.</P>
|
||
<P>Wine stands apart from all these options, Wine, which stands for
|
||
“WINE Is Not an Emulator”, doesn't require you to buy a
|
||
Windows licensed copy. It it accomplishes this by rewriting the
|
||
complete Win32 APIs which differs from the Microsoft Code.</P>
|
||
<P><FONT SIZE=4><B>Let's Raise a Toast</B></FONT></P>
|
||
<P><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"><FONT SIZE=3>If you would like
|
||
to try WINE, you can get the latest sources from the WINE
|
||
headquarters at <A HREF="http://www.winehq.com/">http://www.winehq.com</A>.
|
||
Building from source may not be necessary. The site has links to
|
||
daily builds in many different formats. Should you wish to obtain the
|
||
source and build for yourself, you’ll find that it is pretty
|
||
straightforward.</FONT></SPAN></P>
|
||
<P STYLE="font-weight: medium"><FONT SIZE=3>The following steps can
|
||
be taken to accomplish your task:</FONT></P>
|
||
<PRE><I>gunzip Wine-20020411.tar.gz</I>
|
||
<I>tar -xvf Wine-20020411.tar</I>
|
||
<I>cd wine-20020411</I>
|
||
<I>./configure</I>
|
||
<I>make depend</I>
|
||
<I>make</I>
|
||
<I>make install</I>
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
If you are interested in the bleeding-edge version of Wine and as a matter of fact any major software you should
|
||
follow the path of CVS.The latest source in the CVS tree might prove to be more efficient in terms of raw performance.
|
||
The following procedure can be followed to grab the latest source:
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
<I>export CVSROOT=:pserver:cvs@cvs.winehq.com:/home/wine</I>
|
||
<I>cvnpres login</I>
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
When asked for password, provide 'cvs':
|
||
|
||
<pre>
|
||
<I>cvs -z 3 checkout wine</I></PRE><P>
|
||
You will see a steady stream of files coming into a directory called
|
||
“<I>wine</I>” relative to your current directory. After the
|
||
whole process is complete you can follow the same procedure of
|
||
compilation as above.</P>
|
||
<P><FONT SIZE=4><B>Wine Configuration</B></FONT></P>
|
||
<P>We will need a configuration file called “config” in the
|
||
“<I>~/.wine/” directory. You</I> can copy the a sample of
|
||
the same from the source directory:</P>
|
||
<PRE STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.2in"><I>cp documentation/samples/config ~/.wine/config</I></PRE><P>
|
||
The “config” file might appear daunting at a first glance
|
||
but you better stick to the defaults and change only the critical
|
||
parts that relate to your system.You will encounter a section
|
||
something like this:</P>
|
||
<P><I>[Drive A]<BR>"Path" = "/mnt/fd0"<BR>"Type"
|
||
= "floppy"<BR>"Label" = "Floppy"<BR>"Serial"
|
||
= "87654321"<BR>"Device" = "/dev/fd0"</I></P>
|
||
<P><I>[Drive C]<BR>"Path" = "/c"<BR>"Type"
|
||
= "hd"<BR>"Label" = "MS-DOS"<BR>"Filesystem"
|
||
= "win95"</I></P>
|
||
<P><I>[Drive D]<BR>"Path" = "/cdrom"<BR>"Type"
|
||
= "cdrom"<BR>"Label" = "CD-Rom"<BR>"Filesystem"
|
||
= "win95"<BR>; make sure that device is correct and has
|
||
proper permissions !<BR>"Device" = "/dev/cdrom"</I></P>
|
||
<P>Wine actually tries to emulate a DOS-like drive and folder
|
||
structure so the section which starts with “<I>[Drive C]”</I>
|
||
indicates the mapping of a hypothetical drive C: to your linux
|
||
directory which in our case is “/c<I>”</I>.</P>
|
||
<P>Next, some system folders like “windows<I>”</I> and
|
||
“system<I>”</I> are also mapped like this in the “[wine]<I>”</I>
|
||
section:</P>
|
||
<P><I>"Windows" = "c:\\windows"<BR>"System"
|
||
= "c:\\windows\\system"<BR>"Temp" = "e:\\"<BR>"Path"
|
||
= "c:\\windows;c:\\windows\\system;e:\\;e:\\test;f:\\"<BR>"Profile"
|
||
= "c:\\windows\\Profiles\\Administrator"<BR>"GraphicsDriver"
|
||
= "x11drv"<BR>; Wine doesn't pass directory symlinks to
|
||
Windows programs by default.<BR>; Enabling this may crash some
|
||
programs that do recursive lookups of a whole<BR>; subdir tree in
|
||
case of a symlink pointing back to itself.<BR>;"ShowDirSymlinks"
|
||
= "1"<BR>"ShellLinker" = "wineshelllink"</I></P>
|
||
<P><I><BR></I>We will have to create some the basic Windows directory
|
||
structure (“windows<I>”</I> , “system<I>”</I>
|
||
directories as mentioned in the “<I>[wine]”</I> section in
|
||
the “config<I>”</I> file:
|
||
</P>
|
||
<PRE><I>cd /c</I>
|
||
<I>mkdir -p windows/system</I>
|
||
<I>mkdir -p windows/Start\ Menu/Programs</I></PRE><P STYLE="font-weight: medium">
|
||
<FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT SIZE=3>The “<I>[DllOverrides]”</I>
|
||
section of the config file handles the DLLs that are supplied with
|
||
Wine to be used in place of their Windows counterpart and some native
|
||
Windows DLLs that you might want to use: </FONT></FONT>
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P STYLE="font-weight: medium"><FONT SIZE=3><I>; Be careful here,
|
||
wrong DllOverrides settings have the potential<BR>; to pretty much
|
||
kill your setup.<BR>[DllOverrides]<BR>"commdlg" = "builtin,
|
||
native"<BR>"comdlg32" = "builtin, native"<BR>"ver"
|
||
= "builtin, native"<BR>"version" = "builtin,
|
||
native"<BR>"shell" = "builtin, native"<BR>"shell32"
|
||
= "builtin, native"<BR>"shfolder" = "builtin,
|
||
native"<BR>"shlwapi" = "builtin,
|
||
native"<BR>"shdocvw" = "builtin,
|
||
native"<BR>"lzexpand" = "builtin, native"<BR>"lz32"
|
||
= "builtin, native"<BR>"comctl32" = "builtin,
|
||
native"<BR>"commctrl" = "builtin,
|
||
native"<BR>"advapi32" = "builtin,
|
||
native"<BR>"crtdll" = "builtin, native"<BR>"mpr"
|
||
= "builtin, native"........</I></FONT></P>
|
||
<P>Various Ports and devices also can be configured in the
|
||
<SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"><FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">“</FONT></FONT></SPAN><I>[serialports]<SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"><FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">”</FONT></FONT></SPAN></I>
|
||
section:</P>
|
||
<PRE><I>Com1=/dev/ttyS0</I>
|
||
<I>Com2=/dev/ttyS1</I>
|
||
<I>Com3=/dev/modem,38400</I>
|
||
<I>Com4=/dev/modem</I></PRE><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in; font-style: normal">
|
||
The general appearance of the windows can be changed in the
|
||
<SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"><FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">“</FONT></FONT></SPAN><I>[Tweak.Layout]<SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"><FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">”
|
||
</FONT></FONT></SPAN></I>section.</P>
|
||
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR>
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><I>;; supported styles are
|
||
'Win31'(default), 'Win95', 'Win98'<BR>;; this has *nothing* to do
|
||
with the windows version Wine returns:<BR>;; use cmdline option
|
||
--winver if you want that.<BR>"WineLook" = "Win98"</I></P>
|
||
<P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR>
|
||
</P>
|
||
<PRE STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.2in; font-style: normal"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif"><FONT SIZE=4><B>Remember the Windows Registry ? </B></FONT></FONT></PRE><P>
|
||
Next, we need to install a default registry which will exactly match
|
||
the way registry exists on a Windows Box.But before you do this we
|
||
need to make minor changes to <SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">“</FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><I>/etc/ld.so.conf<SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"><FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">”
|
||
</FONT></FONT></SPAN></I>. We'll add a line <SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">“</FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><I>/usr/local/lib/wine<SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"><FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">”</FONT></FONT></SPAN></I>,
|
||
which relates to all the libraries used by the software to mimic a
|
||
Windows atmosphere.</P>
|
||
<P>Don't forget to run <SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">“</FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><I>/sbin/ldconfig<SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"><FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">”</FONT></FONT></SPAN></I>
|
||
after this step.</P>
|
||
<P>Next, we will use <B>regapi</B> to install a default registry.
|
||
From the Wine source directory issue the following command:
|
||
</P>
|
||
<PRE STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.2in"><I>programs/regapi/regapi setValue < winedefault.reg</I></PRE><P>
|
||
<FONT SIZE=4><B>Let's Fire it up!!</B></FONT></P>
|
||
<P STYLE="font-weight: medium">Without waiting any further let's try
|
||
our hands on our Wine installation to run a simple Windows App.We
|
||
will try to run the standard Calculator which comes with Windows
|
||
(<SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">“</FONT></FONT></SPAN>calc.exe<I><FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">”</FONT></FONT></I>).</P>
|
||
<P STYLE="font-weight: medium">You can mount your windows partition
|
||
or copy the file <SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">“</FONT></FONT></SPAN><I>calc.exe<FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">”</FONT></FONT></I>
|
||
with a floppy to your system in the folder <SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal"><FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">“</FONT></FONT></SPAN>/c/windows<I><FONT SIZE=3><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">”</FONT></FONT></I>
|
||
and use any one of the ways to start it up:</P>
|
||
<P STYLE="font-weight: medium"><I>cd /c/windows; wine calc.exe<BR>wine
|
||
/c/windows/calc.exe<BR>wine "c:\windows\calc.exe"</I></P>
|
||
<P STYLE="font-weight: medium">This is the way it appears on my Linux
|
||
box. Pretty amazing isn't it!
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><BR><BR>
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><IMG SRC="misc/taneja/calc.png" NAME="Graphic1" ALT="Calculator Screenshot" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH=702 HEIGHT=426 BORDER=0><BR CLEAR=LEFT><BR><BR>
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><BR><BR>
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><B>Bye Bye for now!</B></P>
|
||
<P STYLE="font-weight: medium">Wine is pretty indispensable when you
|
||
have to run Windows executables on your Linux box but one thing to
|
||
note here is that not all of your Applications will work on Wine, you
|
||
will have to figure out ways and tweaks to make your favorite App.
|
||
work fine. But for many cases Wine proves to be of a great help.</P>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Gaurav Taneja</H4>
|
||
<EM>I work as a Technical Consultant in New Delhi,India in Linux/Java/XML/C++.
|
||
I'm actively involved in open-source projects, with some hosted on
|
||
SourceForge. My favorite leisure activities include long drives, tennis,
|
||
watching movies and partying. I also run my own software consulting company
|
||
named <A HREF="http://www.broadstrike.com">BroadStrike Technologies</A>.</EM>
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2002, Gaurav Taneja.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 80 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, July 2002</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">My Guide To Linux Security</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:robt@robtougher.com">Rob Tougher</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<dl>
|
||
<dt><a href=#1>1. Introduction</a>
|
||
<dt><a href=#2>2. Securing My Linux Box</a>
|
||
<dd><a href=#2.1>2.1 Installation</a>
|
||
<dd><a href=#2.2>2.2 Post-installation</a>
|
||
<dd><a href=#2.3>2.3 Post-compromise forensics (nobody's perfect)</a>
|
||
<dt><a href=#3>3. Secure Transmissions</a>
|
||
<dt><a href=#4>4. Conclusion</a>
|
||
<dt><a href=#a>a. References</a>
|
||
</dl>
|
||
|
||
<a name=1></a>
|
||
<h2>1. Introduction</h2>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
This article explains the steps I
|
||
take to secure my home computer and data
|
||
communications.
|
||
If you are an active proponent of computer
|
||
security, this article will be a review.
|
||
If you do not have any security practices
|
||
currently, you should read on to get a
|
||
general idea of how to secure a Linux box.
|
||
This obviously isn't a complete security
|
||
reference - I take security seriously,
|
||
but I'm not as vigilant as I could be with
|
||
my computer.
|
||
You will have to see for yourself
|
||
whether or not the items in this article
|
||
provide enough security for your needs.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<a name=2></a>
|
||
<h2>2. Securing My Linux Box</h2>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
I run a Debian Linux box here at home. I keep it powered
|
||
up and connected to the Internet at all times.
|
||
There are two reasons I want to keep this computer secure -
|
||
to hide my data from those who shouldn't see it,
|
||
and to protect my computer resources from those
|
||
who shouldn't be using them. I keep important stuff
|
||
on my machine - data that shouldn't be read (and
|
||
certainly not modified) by anyone but me. And I don't
|
||
want an intruder to be able to use my machine as a
|
||
staging ground for attacks on other targets. I'd be pretty
|
||
pissed if I found out someone was using my machine to
|
||
try to break into other systems.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<a name=2.1></a>
|
||
<h3>2.1 Installation</h3>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
After a fresh install, the first thing I do right off the bat is
|
||
<a href="http://www.netfilter.org/"><b>configure iptables</b></a>
|
||
in my kernel. Iptables
|
||
allows me to block any packets entering or leaving my
|
||
computer. This is important because I am constantly
|
||
connected to the net, which leaves my computer open for an
|
||
attack. Configuring iptables isn't for the faint of heart - it
|
||
requires downloading the kernel source code, configuring it correctly,
|
||
and installing it without screwing anything up. If you
|
||
have never done this before, you should check out the
|
||
<a href="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html">
|
||
Linux Kernel HOWTO</a>, and practice compiling your kernel
|
||
a few times before trying to configure iptables.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Next is <a href="http://www.lids.org"><b>LIDS</b></a> - the
|
||
Linux Intrusion Detection System. LIDS consists of a patch
|
||
for the kernel, and two userspace utilities - lidsconf and
|
||
lidsadm. The purpose of this system is to increase the
|
||
level of security of your computer by restricting access to files and
|
||
processes, and alerting you when attempts to break these restrictions
|
||
occur.
|
||
The great part about LIDS
|
||
is that you can even restrict the root account's permissions. This
|
||
reduces the power of the root account, and limits the damage that
|
||
can be done if an intruder gets root privileges.
|
||
|
||
I use LIDS to protect my system binaries, my log files in /var/log,
|
||
and my configuration files in /etc. The binaries I mark as READONLY
|
||
so that no user, including root, can modify or delete them.
|
||
The log files I mark as APPEND so that programs can write data to files in
|
||
this directory, but cannot delete or change existing data.
|
||
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
The next thing I do is
|
||
minimize the number of services running
|
||
on the computer. The less services I run, the less
|
||
chance there is for someone to be able to break into my
|
||
machine. Distributions tend to let a lot of daemons run by
|
||
default, which is a bad thing in my opinion. I turn off telnet,
|
||
FTP, named, and all of the R* daemons, to name a few. I basically
|
||
turn everything off so that I don't have to worry about keeping
|
||
them updated with security fixes and such. For the services that
|
||
I do run, I install any security patches that are created
|
||
as soon as possible. And if a situation occurs where there is
|
||
a vulnerability made public without the proper fix, I will
|
||
turn off the service.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
After reducing the number of services running on my computer,
|
||
I type "netstat -l" to see what sockets are listening for connections.
|
||
I do this just to make sure I haven't missed any services that
|
||
I don't need. Every once in a while I'll miss something important,
|
||
and catch it later on with netstat.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name=2.2></a>
|
||
<h3>2.2 Post-installation</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
After an installation, I run
|
||
<a href="http://www.chkrootkit.org"><b>chkrootkit</b></a> about
|
||
every week or so. This program will alert me to the presence
|
||
of any rootkits on my computer. A rootkit is a set of tools that a cracker
|
||
can use to hide his tracks - the kit contains trojaned(altered)
|
||
versions of various utilities like ps, ifconfig, and
|
||
others. If an intruder broke into my machine and installed
|
||
a rootkit, he could basically use my computer resources for
|
||
whatever he wanted, and I could only detect him if
|
||
I was paying <i>very</i> close attention to my system.
|
||
|
||
You can download and analyze various rootkits (for educational
|
||
use only!) at
|
||
<a href="http://packetstorm.decepticons.org/UNIX/penetration/rootkits/">
|
||
packetstorm
|
||
</a>. The one I've seen mentioned the most is LRK5, which is listed
|
||
about half way down the page.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
When downloading files off of the Internet, I generate checksums
|
||
for them using <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/textutils/textutils.html">
|
||
<b>md5sum</b></a>. Most sites that provide downloadable files
|
||
also list their checksums, so that I can check to see that the files
|
||
I download match the files they are providing. This is a simple
|
||
check, and reassures me that I am getting the right bits.
|
||
There is of course the possibility that both the files and the
|
||
checksums have been tampered with, but in this situation the
|
||
web site will probably figure it out quickly, and fix the problem.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name=2.3></a>
|
||
<h3>2.3 Post-compromise forensics (nobody's perfect)</h3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
All of the security in the world cannot <i>guarantee</i> that
|
||
your machine will be safe from crackers. I can honestly say
|
||
that I don't think my computer has ever been compromised,
|
||
but I'm not 100% sure. For the first couple of months that I
|
||
used Linux, I didn't give a squat about security - I was just
|
||
trying to get the operating system working. I was more
|
||
interested in learning the basic userspace commands, and
|
||
didn't want to be bothered by anything else.
|
||
I was <b>wide open for an attack</b>.
|
||
I had a VA Linux machine with a stock Redhat system they put on
|
||
there. I probably was running many servers, and didn't even know it.
|
||
Poor guy.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Well, If my machine ever becomes compromised in the future, I will
|
||
first head over to the main site for
|
||
<a href="http://www.porcupine.org/forensics/tct.html">
|
||
<b>The Coroner's Toolkit</b></a>. TCT is a set of tools
|
||
that allow you to figure out what happened on a
|
||
compromised machine. You run them, and sit back and relax
|
||
while they collect data from your hard drive. I haven't
|
||
personally used these tools, but from what the web site says,
|
||
they do a pretty decent job. Another impression I get from the web
|
||
site is that the tools are extremely difficult to use for novices,
|
||
so you are in for a lot of reading and learning if you don't have any
|
||
experience with TCT. On
|
||
the bottom of the main page they have a couple of links to HOWTO
|
||
documents, so your best bet is to start there.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
I would also check out the
|
||
<a href="http://www.honeynet.org/"><b>Honeynet Project</b></a>.
|
||
The purpose of this project is to perform research in forensics
|
||
analysis, and present this research to the public in the hopes of
|
||
raising awareness about security. They have a monthly
|
||
forensics contest, where they present information about
|
||
a real compromise on their network, and ask for write-ups
|
||
on how to investigate the intrusion. The archive for this
|
||
contest has a lot of great submissions by security professionals -
|
||
I actually learned about The Coroner's Toolkit by seeing
|
||
it mentioned in a handful of these investigations. Anyone
|
||
interested in computer forensics should go to this site
|
||
and read as much information as they can find - there's
|
||
enough to keep you busy for a while.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<a name=3></a>
|
||
<h2>3. Secure Transmissions</h2>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Transmissions by default are insecure. Your
|
||
data just flies across the Internet for everyone
|
||
to see, and you can't do anything about it. You can use
|
||
the traceroute program to see an example of this in
|
||
action. Type "traceroute www.google.com" at your command
|
||
prompt, and you'll
|
||
see every machine that gets to look at the data you
|
||
send google during a web search.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
I make sure that whenever I am logging in to a site,
|
||
I use the secure page - https. HTTPS uses SSL, which
|
||
encrypts your data while in transit. If I didn't do
|
||
this, my password could be sniffed by a compromised machine.
|
||
For example, Yahoo! provides a method of secure login
|
||
when submitting my username and password for their
|
||
various web services. I have a Yahoo! email account, and
|
||
use this secure login whenever I am checking my mail.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
For remote administration, I use
|
||
<a href="http://www.openssh.com/"><b>ssh and scp</b></a>.
|
||
These two programs are replacements for telnet and FTP.
|
||
They are easy to install, and work just as well
|
||
as the programs they replace. Once installed, I
|
||
open up the corresponding ports in my iptables
|
||
configuration so that I can connect to the machine from outside.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
For email, I use
|
||
<a href="http://www.gnupg.org"><b>GnuPG</b></a> to encrypt data that
|
||
I don't want anyone reading. When I am sending sensitive
|
||
information to someone, I use their public key to encrypt it.
|
||
I ask the same of people sending sensitive information to me.
|
||
My public key is downloadable from my
|
||
<a href="http://www.robtougher.com/">web site</a>,
|
||
and also available on various
|
||
<a href="http://www.openpgp.net/pgpsrv.html">public key servers</a>.
|
||
These steps assure me that I'm the only one reading the email
|
||
destined for my inbox.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name=4></a>
|
||
<h2>4. Conclusion</h2>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
I hope you enjoyed this article - I tried to explain,
|
||
as clearly as possible,
|
||
the steps I take to secure my computer and data communications.
|
||
If you feel there are any glaring
|
||
errors or omissions, by all means
|
||
<a href="mailto:robt@robtougher.com">
|
||
let me know</a>. My security policy is far from perfect,
|
||
and I'm very eager to hear about your practices
|
||
and experiences.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name=a></a>
|
||
<h2>a. References</h2>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
The following is a list of sites I visit regularly to get
|
||
information on various security topics:
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
|
||
<li><b>Advisories</b>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.cert.org/">CERT</a>
|
||
<li><a href="http://online.securityfocus.com/">
|
||
SecurityFocus Online</a>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<li><b>Exploits</b> (for educational use only!)
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="http://packetstorm.decepticons.org/Exploit_Code_Archive/">
|
||
packetstorm</a>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.securiteam.com/exploits/">
|
||
SecuriTeam</a>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.insecure.org/sploits.html">
|
||
Fyodor's Exploit World</a>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<li><b>Forensics</b>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.porcupine.org/forensics/tct.html">
|
||
The Coroner's Toolkit</a>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.honeynet.org/">The Honeynet Project</a>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<li><b>General</b>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.linuxsecurity.com/">Linux Security</a>
|
||
<li><a href="http://packetstorm.decepticons.org/">packetstorm</a>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.startplaza.nu/">www.startplaza.nu</a>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<li><b>Tools</b>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.gnupg.org">GnuPG</a>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.insecure.org/tools.html">
|
||
Insecure.org Top 50</a>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.lids.org/">LIDS Project - Secure Linux System</a>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.insecure.org/">NMAP Port Scanner</a>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.snort.org/">SNORT Intrusion Detection System</a>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Rob Tougher</H4>
|
||
<EM>Rob is a C++ software engineer in the NYC area.
|
||
When not coding on his favorite platform, you can
|
||
find Rob strolling on the beach with his girlfriend, Nicole,
|
||
and their dog, Halley. </EM>
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2002, Rob Tougher.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 80 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, July 2002</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">The Back Page</font></H1>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a HREF="#wacko">Wacko Topic of the Month</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="#spam">World of Spam</a>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name="wacko"></a>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center><H3><font color="maroon">Wacko Topic of the Month</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--======================================================================-->
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H3 ALIGN="center"><FONT COLOR="green">SpamAssassin</FONT></H3>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><strong>
|
||
</strong></FONT></p>
|
||
|
||
<P> I installed <A HREF="http://www.spamassassin.org/">SpamAssassin</A> (SA)
|
||
and instantly developed a new pastime. Even funnier than reading spam is
|
||
reading what SA has to say about it. SA is a filter daemon (or standalone
|
||
program) that reads an e-mail message and analyzes it for spam, adding a
|
||
couple headers to give its verdict. If it thinks the message is spam, it also
|
||
puts a "***SPAM***" prefix in the Subject: and adds some structured comments to
|
||
the body saying what's suspicious about the message. Those comments in the
|
||
body are where the funny parts are. SA is so amusing that I've given up my
|
||
two other recent pastimes: collecting Klez worms and Nigeria scams. I just
|
||
/dev/null the Klez worms now.
|
||
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
SPAM: -------------------- Start SpamAssassin results ----------------------
|
||
SPAM: This mail is probably spam. The original message has been altered
|
||
SPAM: so you can recognise or block similar unwanted mail in future.
|
||
SPAM: See http://spamassassin.org/tag/ for more details.
|
||
SPAM:
|
||
SPAM: Content analysis details: (16.2 hits, 5 required)
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (2.2 points) BODY: As seen on national TV!
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.5 points) BODY: Asks you to click below
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.2 points) BODY: No such thing as a free lunch (1)
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (-0.1 points) BODY: Claims you can be removed from the list
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (2.1 points) BODY: Talks about opting in
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (3.0 points) URI: Uses a dotted-decimal IP address in URL
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.1 points) URI: Uses non-standard port number for HTTP
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (3.5 points) URI: URL of page called "remove"
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (-0.8 points) BODY: JavaScript code which can easily be executed
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (-0.5 points) BODY: HTML mail with non-white background
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.8 points) BODY: Tells you to click on a URL
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (3.2 points) HTML-only mail, with no text version
|
||
SPAM:
|
||
SPAM: -------------------- End of SpamAssassin results ---------------------
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
<HR NOSHADE WIDTH="80%"> <!--*********************** -->
|
||
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.6 points) Invalid Date: header (wierd month)
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.5 points) BODY: A WHOLE LINE OF YELLING DETECTED
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (3.0 points) URI: Uses a dotted-decimal IP address in URL
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (-0.8 points) BODY: Image tag with an ID code to identify you
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (-0.4 points) BODY: Contains a line >=199 characters long
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.8 points) BODY: Tells you to click on a URL
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (3.2 points) HTML-only mail, with no text version
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (2.0 points) Received via a relay in relays.osirusoft.com
|
||
SPAM: [RBL check: found 148.167.27.64.relays.osirusoft.com., type: 127.0.0.4]
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (3.0 points) DNSBL: sender is Confirmed Spam Source
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
<HR NOSHADE WIDTH="80%"> <!--*********************** -->
|
||
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.0 point) From: ends in numbers
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.5 points) Subject has an exclamation mark
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.4 points) Subject has lots of exclamation marks
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (-0.5 points) BODY: Contains 'Dear Somebody'
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (2.7 points) BODY: Nigerian scam key phrase ($NN,NNN,NNN.NN)
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (2.4 points) BODY: Nigerian scam key phrase
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (4.3 points) BODY: Nigerian Bank or Petroleum scam, cf http://www.snopes2.com/inboxer/scams/nigeria.htm
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (2.2 points) BODY: Risk free. Suuurreeee....
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (-0.4 points) BODY: Contains a line >=199 characters long
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
<HR NOSHADE WIDTH="80%"> <!--*********************** -->
|
||
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (4.3 points) Reply-To: is empty
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (2.4 points) 'Message-Id' was added by a relay (2)
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (2.2 points) From: has a malformed address
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.5 points) Message-Id is not valid, according to RFC-2822
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.3 points) Message-Id has no @ sign
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.5 points) Possibly-forged 'Received:' header found
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (2.1 points) BODY: FONT Size +2 and up or 3 and up
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (3.2 points) HTML-only mail, with no text version
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
<HR NOSHADE WIDTH="80%"> <!--*********************** -->
|
||
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.0 point) From: ends in numbers
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.5 points) Subject has an exclamation mark
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.4 points) Subject has lots of exclamation marks
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.9 points) URI: Filename is just a '\#'; probably a JS trick
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (-0.8 points) BODY: JavaScript code which can easily be executed
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.0 points) BODY: Includes a URL link to send an email
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (3.2 points) HTML-only mail, with no text version
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.9 points) Subject is all capitals
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
<HR NOSHADE WIDTH="80%"> <!--*********************** -->
|
||
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
SPAM: Content analysis details: (6.2 hits, 5 required)
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.1 points) BODY: Contains a large block of hexadecimal code
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (-0.6 points) BODY: Frame wanted to load outside URL
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.8 points) No MX records for the From: domain
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.9 points) Subject is all capitals
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (2.0 points) Subject contains a unique ID number
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
<HR NOSHADE WIDTH="80%"> <!--*********************** -->
|
||
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
SPAM: Content analysis details: (10.1 hits, 5 required)
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.2 points) Valid-looking To "undisclosed-recipients"
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.5 points) Subject has an exclamation mark
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.4 points) Subject has lots of exclamation marks
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.2 points) BODY: Contains at least 3 dollar signs in a row
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.2 points) BODY: No such thing as a free lunch (1)
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (2.3 points) BODY: List removal information
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.9 points) BODY: List removal information
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.0 point) BODY: No such thing as a free lunch (3)
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.5 points) Forged hotmail.com 'Received:' header found
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.9 points) Subject is all capitals
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
<HR NOSHADE WIDTH="80%"> <!--*********************** -->
|
||
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
SPAM: Content analysis details: (12.6 hits, 5 required)
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (2.0 points) From: contains numbers mixed in with letters
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.0 point) From: ends in numbers
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.6 points) From: does not include a real name
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (2.7 points) BODY: Claims you can be removed from the list
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.9 points) BODY: List removal information
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.1 points) BODY: List removal information
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.3 points) URI: Includes a link to a likely spammer email address
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (-0.4 points) BODY: Contains a line >=199 characters long
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (0.5 points) Forged hotmail.com 'Received:' header found
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.0 point) Received via a relay in orbs.dorkslayers.com
|
||
SPAM: [RBL check: found 17.98.187.210.orbs.dorkslayers.com.]
|
||
SPAM: Hit! (1.9 points) Subject is all capitals
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name="spam"></a>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center><H3><font color="maroon">World of Spam</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--======================================================================-->
|
||
<P>
|
||
|
||
Well well well well well, I <EM>do</EM> declare. What's the most interesting
|
||
piece of spam this month? Tsk, tsk. (For background info about this company,
|
||
see the News Bytes column in LG #71-76.)
|
||
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
From: "ElcomSoft, Inc" <elcomsoft@filedistributor.com>
|
||
To: Webmaster <gazette@ssc.com.SMTP.gazette@ssc.com>
|
||
Date: Thu, 16 May 2002 20:24:52 +0800
|
||
Subject: Request Review for Advanced PDF Password Recovery Pro 2.0
|
||
|
||
Dear Webmaster
|
||
|
||
Our company, ElcomSoft Co. Ltd., would like to announce the release of Advanced
|
||
PDF Password Recovery Pro 2.0 for Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP. We hope you will
|
||
consider reviewing Advanced PDF Password Recovery Pro (APDFPR) for Linux Gazette.
|
||
Should you need a full version for<6F>review, please contact me at info@elcomsoft.com.
|
||
Please find the press release of Advanced PDF Password Recovery Pro below for
|
||
your information.
|
||
|
||
Warmest Regards,
|
||
|
||
Dmitry Harchenko
|
||
Marketing Manager
|
||
ElcomSoft Co. Ltd.
|
||
|
||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE - May 17, 2002
|
||
|
||
ElcomSoft Releases Advanced PDF Password Recovery Pro 2.0 for Windows 9x/ME/NT/2000/XP
|
||
Gain Control of PDF Files
|
||
|
||
Moscow, Russia - ElcomSoft Co. Ltd. has released Advanced PDF Password Recovery
|
||
(Professional) 2.0 for Windows ME/98/95/NT4/2000/XP. This program makes it easy
|
||
to remove both password encryption and usage restrictions from Adobe Acrobat
|
||
PDF files. APDFPR now comes with multiprocessor support, guaranteed recovery
|
||
and state-of-the-art optimization for modern processors.
|
||
|
||
With the increasing popularity of PDF formatted file, comes increasing number
|
||
of problems which occur when authors forget the passwords to their source documents.
|
||
ElcomSoft has revised version 2.0 of its Advanced PDF Password Recovery (Professional)
|
||
software to allow the seemingly impossible recovery of password for these documents.
|
||
This software package handles both owner and user passwords used to protect PDF
|
||
documents. The latest addition to ElcomSoft's family of password recovery software
|
||
allows business managers to recover lost and destroyed passwords. It also helps
|
||
in dealing with employees who, intentionally or unintentionally, are unable to
|
||
edit and print password-protected PDF files.<2E>
|
||
|
||
Finally, APDFPR is also a state-of-the-art computer forensics tool that could
|
||
be used by law enforcement, military and intelligence agencies to open secure
|
||
documents. PDF documents protected with access restrictions password can be decrypted
|
||
instantly, allowing full access to the document. For documents with "user" passwords
|
||
(that could not be opened without that password), the program blazes through
|
||
brute-force password attempts at a rate of a few hundred thousand passwords per
|
||
seconds! The code has been effectively optimized for most CPUs such as Celeron,
|
||
Pentium II, Pentium III, Duron and Athlon. More sophisticated methods are available,
|
||
such as applying all words from a dictionary. ElcomSoft's website has dictionaries
|
||
for more than 20 different languages, from English to African.
|
||
|
||
Even if the above methods fail because the password is too long and complex,
|
||
the program runs a special key search attack which gives a 100% success rate
|
||
on files with 40-bit encryption (used in all Adobe Acrobat 4 and most Acrobat
|
||
5 files). This may take some time to run, but is well worth the time if your
|
||
document is very important. If you have a dual processor system, APDFPR takes
|
||
advantage of it to double the performance of this software. On modern systems
|
||
with Athlon MP CPUs, the document can be recovered in maximum 4 days, regardless
|
||
of the password length and complexity!
|
||
|
||
|
||
System Requirements
|
||
Win 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP, 600K free on Hard Disk.
|
||
|
||
Price
|
||
Standard Edition costs $30, Professional Edition costs $60; free trial version
|
||
is available.<2E>
|
||
|
||
About the Company
|
||
Established in 1990, ElcomSoft Co.Ltd. provides state-of-the-art computer forensics
|
||
tool development, computer forensics training and computer evidence consulting;
|
||
not only to individuals, but also to law enforcement, military and intelligence
|
||
agencies worldwide since 1997. ElcomSoft tools are also used by most of Fortune
|
||
500 corporations, many branches of the military departments all over the world,
|
||
foreign governments and all major accounting firms.
|
||
|
||
ElcomSoft Co.Ltd. and its officers are members of the Association of Shareware
|
||
Professionals (ASP), the Russian Cryptology Association, and the Microsoft Business
|
||
Connection program.
|
||
|
||
|
||
More Information
|
||
Please visit the program's homepage at
|
||
<A HREF="http://pdf.elcomsoft.com">http://pdf.elcomsoft.com</A>.
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<HR> <!-- ************************************************************** -->
|
||
|
||
<P> Happy Linuxing!
|
||
|
||
<P> Mike ("Iron") Orr<br>
|
||
Editor, <A HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/"><i>Linux Gazette</i></A>, <A
|
||
HREF="mailto:gazette@ssc.com">gazette@ssc.com</a>
|
||
<BR CLEAR="all">
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END Not Linux *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
Copyright © 2002, the Editors of <I>Linux Gazette</I>.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 80 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, July 2002</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
</BODY></HTML>
|