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9848 lines
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<H2>November 2001, Issue 72
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Published by <I>Linux Journal</I></H2>
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<A HREF=../index.html>Front Page</A> |
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<A HREF=../index.html>Back Issues</A> |
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<H1><font color="#BB0000">Table of Contents:</font></H1>
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<!-- *** BEGIN toc *** -->
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<UL>
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<LI> <a HREF="lg_mail72.html">The MailBag</A>
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<LI> <a HREF="lg_bytes72.html">News Bytes</A>
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<LI> <a HREF="lg_answer.html">The Answer Gang</A>
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<LI> <a HREF="lg_tips72.html">More 2-Cent Tips</A>
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<LI> <a HREF="alcidi.html">Linux User Caricatures</A> , <EM>by Franck Alcidi</EM>
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<LI> <a HREF="bright.html">PDF Service with Samba</A> , <EM>by John Bright</EM>
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<LI> <a HREF="brod.html">SAGU, Free Software for Academic Administration</A> , <EM>by Cesar Brod</EM>
|
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<LI> <a HREF="chung.html">Automated Logins Revisited</A> , <EM>by Adrian J. Chung</EM>
|
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<LI> <a HREF="field.html">Battle for the Desktop: Why Linux Isn't Winning</A> , <EM>by Dennis Field</EM>
|
||
<LI> <a HREF="forsberg.html">Installing Linux on a Sun SPARC Ultra 5</A> , <EM>by Bruce Forsberg</EM>
|
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<LI> <a HREF="jones.html">The Godfather of Computing - Charles Babbage</A> , <EM>by G James Jones</EM>
|
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<LI> <a HREF="nielsen.html">Standard Database Setup with Perl and PostgreSQL: Part 3</A> , <EM>by Mark Nielsen</EM>
|
||
<LI> <a HREF="orr.html">The Foolish Things We Do With Our Computers</A> , <EM>by Mike "Iron" Orr</EM>
|
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<LI> <a HREF="qubism.html">Qubism</A> , <EM>by Jon "Sir Flakey" Harsem</EM>
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<LI> <a HREF="teo.html">A Quick and Easy Way to Set Up a Mailing List</A> , <EM>by Lawrence Teo</EM>
|
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<LI> <a HREF="teo2.html">Setting Up a Web-based Archive for a Mailing List</A> , <EM>by Lawrence Teo</EM>
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<LI> <a HREF="lg_backpage72.html">The Back Page</A>
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<TD></TD>
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</table> <!-- ******************************************* -->
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<H3 ALIGN="center"><EM>Linux Gazette</EM> Staff and The Answer Gang</H3>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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<STRONG>Editor:</STRONG> Michael Orr<BR>
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<STRONG>Technical Editor:</STRONG> Heather Stern<BR>
|
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<STRONG>Senior Contributing Editor:</STRONG> Jim Dennis<BR>
|
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<STRONG>Contributing Editors:</STRONG>
|
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Ben Okopnik, Dan Wilder, Don Marti
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P> <!-- ************************************************** -->
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<table>
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<tr><td>
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<A HREF="issue72.txt.gz">TWDT 1 (gzipped text file)</A><BR>
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<A HREF="issue72.html">TWDT 2 (HTML file)</A><BR>
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are files containing the entire issue: one in text format, one in HTML.
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They are provided
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strictly as a way to save the contents as one file for later printing in
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<center>
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<I>Linux Gazette</I><img alt="[tm]" src="../gx/tm.gif">,
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<A HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/">http://www.linuxgazette.com/</A><BR>
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This page maintained by the Editor of <I>Linux Gazette</I>,
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<A HREF="mailto: gazette@ssc.com"> gazette@ssc.com</A>
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<P>
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<H5>Copyright © 1996-2001 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.</H5>
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</center>
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</table>
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<!-- HELP WANTED : Article Ideas SECTION ================================ -->
|
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<center>
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<H1><A NAME="wanted"><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="" SRC="../gx/mailbox.gif">
|
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The Mailbag</A></H1> <BR>
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<!-- BEGIN wanted -->
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</center>
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<P> <hr> <P>
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<!-- =================================================================== -->
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<center><H3><font color="maroon">HELP WANTED : Article Ideas</font></H3></center>
|
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<P>
|
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<P> Send tech-support questions, Tips, answers and article ideas to The Answer Gang
|
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<<A HREF="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com"
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>linux-questions-only@ssc.com</A>>. Other mail (including
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||
questions or comments about the <EM>Gazette</EM> itself) should go to
|
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<<A HREF="mailto:gazette@ssc.com">gazette@ssc.com</A>>. All material
|
||
sent to either of these addresses will be considered for publication in the
|
||
next issue. <EM>Please send answers to the original querent too, so that s/he
|
||
can get the answer without waiting for the next issue.</EM>
|
||
|
||
<P> Unanswered questions might appear here. Questions with
|
||
answers--or answers only--appear in The Answer Gang, 2-Cent Tips, or here,
|
||
depending on their content. There is no guarantee that questions will
|
||
<em>ever</em> be answered, especially if not related to Linux.
|
||
|
||
<P> <STRONG>Before asking a question, please check the
|
||
<A HREF=../faq/index.html><I>Linux Gazette</I> FAQ</A> to see if it has been
|
||
answered there.</STRONG>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<!-- BEGIN HELP WANTED : Article Ideas -->
|
||
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<!-- index_text begins -->
|
||
<li><A HREF="#wanted/1"
|
||
><strong>LWN links</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#wanted/2"
|
||
><strong>Linux support call handling</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#wanted/3"
|
||
><strong>DSL Drivers</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#wanted/4"
|
||
><strong>university engineering team</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#wanted/5"
|
||
><strong>Deleting items in KDE 2.1.1 "Run Command"</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#wanted/6"
|
||
><strong>GUI and CMOS clock (2 Questions)</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#wanted/7"
|
||
><strong>poster</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#wanted/8"
|
||
><strong>How to configure AutoFS to automount NFS exported volumes</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#wanted/9"
|
||
><strong>Net bios code</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#wanted/10"
|
||
><strong>does anyone know how one can set quotas in linux for a directory rather than home</strong></a>
|
||
<!-- index_text ends -->
|
||
</UL>
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="wanted/1"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">LWN links</FONT></H3>
|
||
Thu, 11 Oct 2001 12:00:51 -0700
|
||
<BR>Mike Orr (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%20help%20wanted%20%231"><em>LG</em> Editor</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.lwn.net/">Linux Weekly News</A> needs fresh sponsorship soon.
|
||
See our <A HREF="lg_bytes72.html#general"
|
||
>News Bytes</A> for details (there's a mailing list).
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Your Editor would be greatly saddened to see LWN disappear.
|
||
-Mike
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Many of the Gang use it; Jim and I would sorely miss it... We do have
|
||
a <A HREF="tips72.html"
|
||
>2c Tip</A> this month pointing at LWN, too.
|
||
- Heather
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 1 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="wanted/2"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Linux support call handling</FONT></H3>
|
||
Wed, 03 Oct 2001 14:55:14 -0400
|
||
<BR> (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=darlenefield@mindspring.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%20help%20wanted%20%232">darlenefield from mindspring.com</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hi,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I have been searching through the Linux Gazette website for anyting on the industry average of call handling times for Linux support. So far I have not found anything.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I was wondering if you had done an article or come across this. I was wondering if there were any industry documents that measured the average time it would take a customer to call in for support till the time that their problem was resolved.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Any information that you may have would be very helpful.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Thanks,
|
||
Darlene
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">I don't think we've ever covered that topic.
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">If anyone has enough information that isn't under some sort of NDA, to
|
||
write such an article, it'd be interesting to see. Unfortunately statistics
|
||
about how long an Answer Gang member takes to answer a querent are a bit fuzzy;
|
||
we don't get docked for answering late, nor promise we'll answer at all; some
|
||
"answers" are really requests for more data and touched with tidbits in the
|
||
hopes it will help <EM>somehow</EM> -- and we may or may not ever learn if our
|
||
reader got the answer they needed. (Well, that last part's no different from
|
||
phone support, anyway.)
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
BTW.. I tried sending this message to linux-questions-only@ssc.com
|
||
(documented on your website)
|
||
and my mail was returned.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">That address was changed because of the large
|
||
number of off-topic questions we received. The address was
|
||
posted widely on web pages with no explanation that it was for Linux
|
||
questions or that querents are supposed to do their own research first. The
|
||
current address is <A
|
||
HREF="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com"
|
||
>linux-questions-only at ssc.com</A>.
|
||
Where did you see
|
||
linux-questions-only@ssc.com documented? We changed the home page
|
||
and the current issue, although we haven't changed the back issues.
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><em><font color="#000033"><br>...but our readers are helpful souls. Thanks, Darlene! ...
|
||
</font></em></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I found
|
||
linux-questions-only@ssc.com</A> refrenced twice on the FAQ page under # 4 Guidelines for answering questions.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">OK, thanks. We used to have a mailback running after we turned the
|
||
tag address off. Then the mailback got into a mail loop with one
|
||
address and we turned it off, but didn't think about updating the FAQ.
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 2 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="wanted/3"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">DSL Drivers</FONT></H3>
|
||
Fri, 5 Oct 2001 17:37:48 -0400
|
||
<BR>Douglas M (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=douglas@diocorner.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%20help%20wanted%20%233">douglas from diocorner.com</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hello eveyone at the gazette I've been all over the net trying to find
|
||
out the answer about problem im having I have an Efficient Networks 4060
|
||
USB Modem . I want to run Mandrake 8.1 but dont know if there any
|
||
drivers or if they even exist.maybe you guys can help me with any info
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">Lots of people have been caught with DSL USB modems without Linux
|
||
drivers. So there may be a driver, but it's not too likely. Your
|
||
best bet may be to return it for an external modem that connects to
|
||
an Ethernet card. These are much more Linux-friendly.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">TAG members, are there any USB and/or internal DSL modems that <EM>do</EM> have
|
||
Linux drivers?
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">Apparently not enough of TAG use USB for serial gadgetry, so perhaps you
|
||
can help us out, dear readers!
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 3 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="wanted/4"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">university engineering team</FONT></H3>
|
||
Thu, 11 Oct 2001 09:52:11 -0700
|
||
<BR>Yogesh Raut (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=yogesh.raut@deeproot.co.in&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%20help%20wanted%20%234">yogesh.raut from deeproot.co.in</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">This request originally arrived as a letter
|
||
to "our HR department." We advised them we aren't a company. They hope that
|
||
our readership at large will have a good idea or two about something specific
|
||
they can contribute to.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">By the way, before you start groaning about
|
||
Visual Basic not being Linux, check out GNOME Basic at
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.gnome.org/gb"
|
||
>http://www.gnome.org/gb</A> ...
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Thank you sir, as per your directions we are sending you same letter
|
||
addressed to <EM>linux users</EM> . so please publish it in your mailbag.
|
||
Also if you are having mail ids of some more organisations having projects
|
||
related to drivers, we request you to send them to us, so that we can cntact
|
||
them also.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>We don't have a list of projects
|
||
related to drivers. But there are thousands of them.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">Answer Gang, is there a list somewhere of Linux driver projects
|
||
these people can contribute to, or nonexistent drivers that need
|
||
to be written?
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<TABLE WIDTH="95%" BORDER="1" BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC"><TR><TD>
|
||
<!-- p align="center">...............</p -->
|
||
<P>
|
||
To,
|
||
Linux Users,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Subject: about getting sponsorship (technical guidance)
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Respected sir,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
We are students from 'College of Engineering, Pandharpur'(India),studing in
|
||
class B.E.Computer Science & Engineering.As we are entering into last year
|
||
of our curriculum, we are looking for Challenging and innovative
|
||
projects.Our project group is consisting of enthusiastic and motivated
|
||
students with good academic record,listed below
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockQuote><ol>
|
||
<LI>Mr. Yogesh Raut
|
||
|
||
<LI>Mr. Ajinkya Chavan
|
||
|
||
<LI>Ms. Sujata Silam
|
||
|
||
<LI>Ms. Varsha Sartape
|
||
|
||
<LI>Mr. Sachin Joshi
|
||
</ol></blockQuote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Sir, all of us have participated in different Paper Presentation and
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
software contests. We have
|
||
completed following projects-
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockQuote><ol>
|
||
<LI>'Design,Analysis,Simulation:Slider Crank Mechanism And Inversions'- got
|
||
'FIRST PRIZE' at 'TECHNOGLIMPSE 2001' a state level software project
|
||
contest.Also presented at 'DIPEX 2001' a state level project exhibition.
|
||
written in C++.
|
||
|
||
<LI>'OTHELLO'- a computer game presented at 'Insearch 2000', state level
|
||
software contest. Written in C language,involves 'artificial intelligence'.
|
||
|
||
<LI>A 'fighter game' which can be simultaneously played on two computers by
|
||
two different users and uses it's own protocol for networking. Written in
|
||
C++.
|
||
|
||
<LI>A multimedia application created in Visual Basic.
|
||
|
||
<LI>A bankig software project.
|
||
|
||
<LI>Some system software projects- assemblers, editors, lexical analyzers &
|
||
parsers. Some graphical s/w as computer games, small images processing s/w.
|
||
</ol></blockQuote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
We have also participated in paper presentation
|
||
Contests and presented following papers
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockQuote><ol>
|
||
<LI>'Web Technology'- presented at 'Technomillenium 2000'
|
||
|
||
<LI>'Data mining and Data-warehousing'- at 'Threshold 2001'
|
||
|
||
<LI>'Network Security' presented at National Level
|
||
|
||
<LI>'E-commerce' presented at Shree Vision 2001 a National level Paper
|
||
Presentation contest.
|
||
</ol></blockQuote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
As we the Computer Engineering students we are interested in system level
|
||
projects like
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockQuote><ul>
|
||
<LI>Device Drivers
|
||
|
||
<LI>Operating system internals
|
||
</ul></blockQuote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
As Linux is emerging as new leading Operating System of this era, we are
|
||
mostly interested in 'Device Driver' projects in Linux (or Unix).We are
|
||
looking for any such project which we are eager to do.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Sir, if you can sponsor us for any such project we will be grateful to you.
|
||
If you are not having any project, you can just sponsor project decided by
|
||
us. We don't expect any financial help from you, but just technical support.
|
||
We assure you that if you give us a single chance, we shall work with our
|
||
full strength and complete it within given period of time with quality
|
||
assurance.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
We are eagerly waiting for your positive response. If you are affirmative
|
||
to our request, please tell us about further procedure to complete remaining
|
||
formalities. We are ready to personally come to your Company for further
|
||
procedure.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><DL><DT>
|
||
our E-mail address is
|
||
<DD><A HREF="mailto:rushtosachin@hotmail.com"
|
||
>rushtosachin@hotmail.com</A>
|
||
</DL></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
our postal address is:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><code><font color="#000033"><br> Mr. Sachin Suresh Joshi,
|
||
<br> S.V.E.R.I<>s
|
||
<br> College of Engineering
|
||
<br> Gopalpur-Ranjani Road,
|
||
<br> Pandharpur,
|
||
<br> Dist- Solapur.
|
||
<br> State- Maharashtra.
|
||
<br> India.
|
||
<br> Pin - 413304
|
||
</font></code></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Your's faithfully,
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><em><font color="#000033"><br> sachin S. Joshi
|
||
<br> [B.E. C.S.E. College of Engg. pandharpur]
|
||
</font></em></blockquote>
|
||
<!-- p align="center">...............</p -->
|
||
</TD></TR></TABLE>
|
||
<!-- end 4 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="wanted/5"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Deleting items in KDE 2.1.1 "Run Command"</FONT></H3>
|
||
Thu, 27 Sep 2001 23:50:31 -0400
|
||
<BR>Andre Dubuc (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=aajdubuc@webhart.net&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%20help%20wanted%20%235">aajdubuc from webhart.net</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
The number of items listed in <A HREF="http://www.kde.org/">KDE</A>'s 2.1.1 "Run Command" is getting
|
||
ridiculous.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I'd like to edit this list. I've tried "Clear" but it merely clears the item
|
||
in the box, but retains the list. I've also tried editing "History= . . ." in
|
||
<TT>/home/username/.kde</TT>(2)/share/config/kdesktoprc file. Unfortunately, the list
|
||
remains intact whether I restart kde or not.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Will this list eventually seize control of my hd?
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":^gt;"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Help!
|
||
<br>TIA, Andre
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 5 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="wanted/6"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">GUI and CMOS clock (2 Questions)</FONT></H3>
|
||
Sun, 28 Oct 2001 16:43:11 -0000
|
||
<BR>James Rutter (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=james.rutter@ntlworld.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%20help%20wanted%20%236">james.rutter from ntlworld.com</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
I am new to Linux and am desperate to solve 2 problems. I run a new
|
||
Evesham PC with a 1.4GHz Athlon chip, NVIDIA GeForce 2MX graphics card
|
||
with a Taxan crystal vision 680 TCO99-S monitor.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
When I boot my <A HREF="http://www.suse.com/">SuSE</A> 7.1 installation
|
||
from the floppy, the boot process
|
||
hangs at 'setting up CMOS clock'. I have to hit the restet button, boot
|
||
Windows, shut down Windows and restart Linux. I other words, I cannot
|
||
get Linux to boot sucessfully twice in a row. I have to boot WIndows in
|
||
between.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
My second problem is with XFree86 ver4.0.2. The windowing system seems
|
||
to have a mind of its own. Usually when I arrive at the graphical
|
||
login, the scree is offset about 2 inches to the right. If I go into
|
||
Sax2 to configure using Xfine the screen display will 'snap' into place
|
||
when I stick with the 600x800 setting. When I come out of Sax2
|
||
sometimes the setting will be saved. Sometimes the virtual desktop
|
||
space is larger that the actual resolution setting. If I try to
|
||
configure for 1024x768, this does not work at all. On the limited
|
||
occasion I have got an 800x600 screen set up successfully, if I shut
|
||
down and reboot, the same problem reappears even thought I have
|
||
apparantly saved the settings.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
HELP!!??
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
James Rutter
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 6 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="wanted/7"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">poster</FONT></H3>
|
||
Fri, 19 Oct 2001 22:40:26 +0200
|
||
<BR>Rams Grzegorz (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=grzegram@priv5.onet.pl&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%20help%20wanted%20%237">grzegram from priv5.onet.pl</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
I'm a teacher of the computer study and I take care of the school
|
||
laboratory in the Special Secondery School.
|
||
The real name of my school is - <em>Szko<EFBFBD>a Zawodowa Specjalna nr 4 w Nowym
|
||
S<EFBFBD>czu</em>.
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
|
||
My pupils are different than the healthy children so I have to do
|
||
everything what is the best for them.
|
||
Because for some years I have been using Linux (Rh 5.0) in my private
|
||
computer I thought about my pupils.
|
||
So lately I have started to learn them the Linux system at school. Now
|
||
we've got only Linux in our laboratory.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
At the moment I'm looking for some posters or calendars or
|
||
advertisements or others informations about
|
||
Linux. I want put them on the walls in my classroom. I hope that my
|
||
pupils'll be more interested in Linux this way.
|
||
So if you can help me please write how can I get these things which I
|
||
wrote before or how can I buy them.
|
||
Thanks a lot for helping me.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><em><font color="#000033"><br>Rams Grzegorz
|
||
<br>33-300 Nowy Sacz
|
||
<br>ul.Kunegundy 68
|
||
<br>POLAND
|
||
</font></em></blockquote>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Mike Martin]
|
||
Off the top of my head
|
||
Publicity departments of the following
|
||
Linux cos
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><code><font color="#000033"><br>Red Hat
|
||
<br>SUSE
|
||
<br>Caldera? (sorry - a bit of bias)
|
||
<br>Mandrake
|
||
</font></code></blockquote>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
and Linux friendly cos
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><code><font color="#000033"><br>HP
|
||
<br>IBM (with their linux promo budget they must have posters to give away)
|
||
</font></code></blockquote>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
and of course it would be worth checkong on debian and linux.com
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<font color="#006600">
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Frank]
|
||
Hi there!
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I don't have any posters right now, but I've learned that most
|
||
companies are very willing to help with material like that, especially
|
||
if they feel they might gain future customers that way.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I had some very good experiences with <A HREF="http://www.suse.com/">SuSE</A>, which sent me tons of
|
||
materials when I explained that I was active in some user groups and
|
||
was always out of folders. They still send me a professional version of
|
||
every new distibution for free, even though I mostly use Mandrake now.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Given that you're in Europe, just like me, SuSE might be your best
|
||
choice for this anyhow - although <A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat</A>, for instance, might like a
|
||
chance to get a bigger market too <EM>G</EM>
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Just check company's websites for a contact e-mail (I happen to know
|
||
the SuSE-addy: <A HREF="mailto:suse@suse.de"
|
||
>suse@suse.de</A>).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Hope this helps you!
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
</font>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">We can send you the covers from several Linux Journal magazines over
|
||
the past year. Would you like that?
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">You can preview the images at
|
||
<A HREF="http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/mags.html"
|
||
>http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/mags.html</A> , and click on the links
|
||
for issues 76-91, and tell us which covers you'd like. Also, is your
|
||
mailing address correct?
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">We are also looking for other organizations who may have other
|
||
posters.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">There is also something called the Linux Image Montage Project.
|
||
I don't have the URL offhand, but they are collecting linux-related
|
||
images and putting them together into a huge penguin image.
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">Penguin Computing has some very amusing posters.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">And there's always some potential to find cool things at ThinkGeek.com
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 7 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="wanted/8"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">How to configure AutoFS to automount NFS exported volumes</FONT></H3>
|
||
Fri, 12 Oct 2001 14:04:37 -0600
|
||
<BR>Aaron Bloomfield (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=abloom@novell.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%20help%20wanted%20%238">abloom from novell.com</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
I need to set up a RH Linux 7.1 system to automatically mount exported NFS
|
||
filesystems on the fly. I realize the security implications inherint in
|
||
such a request, but require the functionality despite the dangers right
|
||
now. On my Unix boxes I could simply add a line in the auto_master file
|
||
"<TT>/net -hosts -soft,noac</TT>" and set a couple of flags in the nfsconf file
|
||
(<tt>AUTOFS=3D1, NFS_CLIENT=3D1, NFS_SERVER=3D1</tt>) and everything works fine.
|
||
I've tried this on the Linux box without success. Is there something I'm
|
||
missing?
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Thanks in advance,
|
||
Aaron
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 8 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="wanted/9"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Net bios code</FONT></H3>
|
||
Fri, 28 Sep 2001 22:50:14 +0530
|
||
<BR>karunakar Reddy BV (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=bvkreddy@eIQnetworks.com&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%20help%20wanted%20%239">bvkreddy from eIQnetworks.com</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hai ,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Can you send the netbios code for interction b/n linux and windows
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
systems .Through this code I want windows system properties(like user
|
||
name, IP,memory like) display on linux system.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
waiting for reply.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Karunakar Reddy B.V
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">A little hard to read, but I think he's asking a different question than
|
||
Samba answers. Does anyone know how to ask a linux server about the peers
|
||
out there which are connected to its shares? If he knew an application
|
||
that does this, then he could read its source...
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">Note well, that all MSwin style shares
|
||
involving a Linux box are going to
|
||
be over TCP/IP, not NETBIOS. Even Microsoft doesn't recommend NETBIOS
|
||
anymore - it's a noisy protocol, so it scales horribly.
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 9 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="wanted/10"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">does anyone know how one can set quotas in linux for a directory rather than home</FONT></H3>
|
||
Tue, 23 Oct 2001 13:06:36 +0630
|
||
<BR>FRANCO FERNANDES (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=gazette@ssc.com, Joel@HammersHome.com, jerry@samba.org,&cc=franco@lauren.co.in&subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%20help%20wanted%20%2310">franco from lauren.co.in</a>)
|
||
<BR>gazette (gazette@ssc.com, Joel@HammersHome.com, jerry@samba.org,)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hi!
|
||
Does anyone know how we can set quota to some directory for eg
|
||
/info/software
|
||
to limit say 50mb.I went through the man pages but was unsuccessfull in
|
||
setting the same.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Pls help
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Thanks
|
||
Franco.F
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">Quotas are usually by userid, aren't they?
|
||
The only thing that I can think of is creating a filesystem image of ext2
|
||
type, and loopback mounting it at that directory. But using quotas
|
||
effectively would make a great article... especially if you have some real
|
||
world examples that get solved. Making enterprise Linux a little more fun?
|
||
:D
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 10 -->
|
||
<a name="mailbag"></a>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="maroon">GENERAL MAIL</font></H3></center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<!-- BEGIN GENERAL MAIL -->
|
||
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<!-- index_text begins -->
|
||
<li><A HREF="#mailbag/1"
|
||
><strong>suggestion for "A need for Documentation" article</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#mailbag/2"
|
||
><strong>Whiptail vs Dialog</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#mailbag/3"
|
||
><strong>Linux in Africa</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#mailbag/4"
|
||
><strong>Sklyarov case mischaracterized</strong></a>
|
||
<!-- index_text ends -->
|
||
</UL>
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="mailbag/1"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">suggestion for "A need for Documentation" article</FONT></H3>
|
||
Mon, 15 Oct 2001 11:09:25 +0200
|
||
<BR>Eran Levy (<a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%20mailbag%20%231">eranle from netvision.net.il</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Dear LinuxGazette,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I have been reading your article "A need for Documentation". Very
|
||
interesting article.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I have made a
|
||
<A HREF="http://levy.dyn.dhs.org">Linux documentation website project</A>.
|
||
Why I hear people say we need documentation,
|
||
there no lots of good documents, etc.? Im trying to advertise my Linux
|
||
documentation project for lots of time, but no one reply me. I think that I
|
||
made a really good work in this documentation website. Im trying to tell
|
||
websites like you, LinuxGazette, to get my documents and give them to the
|
||
Linux community, but I get no reply from that sites. Maybe the need of
|
||
documents isnt so urgent.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Please, check my website.
|
||
I think there are good guides for variety of
|
||
Linux subjects. I think they can help the Linux community in the search for
|
||
good documentation in the net. I will really appreciate your interest in
|
||
my project. Thank you very much.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
--
|
||
Best Regards,
|
||
Eran Levy.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><em><font color="#000033"><br>"This is Linux country. If you listen carefully, you can hear Windows reboot..."
|
||
</font></em></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
WebSite: <A HREF="http://levy.dyn.dhs.org"
|
||
>http://levy.dyn.dhs.org</A>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">I think that you and Matthias
|
||
[the article's author] are talking about two different things,
|
||
although you both support the cause of documentation. You are trying
|
||
to provide a documentation portal for various types of Linux questions.
|
||
Matthias is trying to get program developers to document their own
|
||
projects better. If they do that, it will mean more content to put
|
||
on your site.
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Hi Mike,
|
||
I really appreciate your reply for my E-mail. All the websites that I sent
|
||
E-mail to them about my Linux project website didnt reply me. I hope that
|
||
all the Linux sites will read the E-mails as you read. Keep up with your
|
||
excellent work! I hope for you and for Linux Gazette the best.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 1 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="mailbag/2"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Whiptail vs Dialog</FONT></H3>
|
||
Wed, 17 Oct 2001 00:44:48 -0500
|
||
<BR>Kent West (<a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%20mailbag%20%232">westk from westek.acu.edu</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
In Issue 69 of the LinuxGazette
|
||
(<A HREF="../issue69/lg_answer69.html#tag/greeting"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue69/issue69.html</A>)
|
||
Heather Stern recommends
|
||
using Dialog over Whiptail, implying that Whiptail is brain-damaged. Having
|
||
just started to play with Whiptail (and having never done much scripting,
|
||
and none with Dialog), I was just wondering if she might expound on this a
|
||
bit more. I did a google search and a dogpile search for "whiptail versus
|
||
dialog", and this article was about the only relevant hit I found, so as of
|
||
now Heather's recommendation is all I have to go on.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Thanks!
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Kent
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<font color="#000066">
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
Hi Kent!
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
There are at this point a large handful of variants which branched off from
|
||
Dialog 0.60 or so. The one in the Debian version (0.9a) is actively
|
||
maintained; it had at some time been in the hands of a different linux
|
||
flavor, which I wouldn't know except it was mentioned in the examples.
|
||
I consider whiptail wimpy because its features are not nearly as complete.
|
||
With dialog, I can actually do some very cool things with the <CODE>--and-widget</CODE>
|
||
feature, and the progress-bar gadget can be convinced to work. Essentially
|
||
I see whiptail as having made a pot shot at being dialog-compatible, but
|
||
working from an old revision, and at the time I wrote that article, I was
|
||
fuming about it because it was being strange about screen sizing. my
|
||
annoyance was made greater by the fact I couldn't get rid of the stupid package
|
||
since the debian base expected it for something, even though I had dialog
|
||
installed. I think that's fixed, these days. Anyway, there's a decent
|
||
amount of history at: <A HREF="http://www.AdvancedResearch.org/dialog"
|
||
>http://www.AdvancedResearch.org/dialog</A>
|
||
-- Heather
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
</font>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 2 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="mailbag/3"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Linux in Africa</FONT></H3>
|
||
Mon, 22 Oct 2001 14:17:05 +0300 (EAT)
|
||
<BR>gatheru (<a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%20mailbag%20%233">gatheru from treasury.go.ke</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hi,
|
||
<br>I saw about the above article on linux gazette and I feel
|
||
that it is worthy. Though I'am not experienced in projects of
|
||
that kind, I'am sure I can help in the training. Please if you
|
||
have any comments or suggestions e-mail me.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
reagards
|
||
<br>Kamau Gatheru
|
||
<br><A HREF="mailto:gatheru@treasury.go.ke"
|
||
>gatheru@treasury.go.ke</A>
|
||
</P>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Good luck, Kamau. Let us know if you find anything.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The article Kamau is referring to is a Mailbag letter at
|
||
<DD><A HREF="../issue67/lg_mail67.html#mailbag%2F2"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue67/lg_mail67.html#mailbag%2F2</A>
|
||
</DL></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
See also GLUE (Groups of Linux Users Everywhere) at
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxjournal.com/glue"
|
||
>http://www.linuxjournal.com/glue</A> .
|
||
-- Mike
|
||
</P>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 3 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="mailbag/4"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Sklyarov case mischaracterized</FONT></H3>
|
||
Wed, 17 Oct 2001 15:54:04 -0700
|
||
<BR>Bryan Henderson (<a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%20mailbag%20%234">bryanh from giraffe-data.com </a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
There is a bit of common misinformation about the Dmitry Sklyarov
|
||
DMCA case in the October News Bytes.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
It says, "Companies are using [DMCA] to ... jail a foreign programmer
|
||
for writing (in his home country) a program that is legal in his home
|
||
country."
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Sklyarov was arrested on suspicion of distributing that program in the
|
||
United States, not for writing it.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The most strenuous supporters of DMCA do not claim it should outlaw
|
||
writing of software when done outside the US.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
--
|
||
Bryan Henderson
|
||
</P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Mike]
|
||
According to the EFF FAQ at
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.eff.org/IP/DMCA/US_v_Sklyarov/us_v_sklyarov_faq.html#ProsecutionQuestions"
|
||
>http://www.eff.org/IP/DMCA/US_v_Sklyarov/us_v_sklyarov_faq.html#ProsecutionQuestions</A>
|
||
the charges are both that he "trafficked" in the device and "aided and
|
||
abetted" his company in doing so. We don't know how the prosecutor will
|
||
word his case, but he could claim that writing code is "aiding and abetting".
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
He could. But since he hasn't yet, it's really putting words in his
|
||
mouth to say that Sklyarov was arrested for writing a program. -Bryan
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Mike]
|
||
No more misleading than to say, as you did,
|
||
"Sklyarov was arrested on suspicion of distributing that program
|
||
in the United States." When did he distribute it?
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Better to say he was arrested for trafficking. But even if he argues that
|
||
writing the program alone was aiding and abetting its importation into
|
||
the US, it's misleading to say he was jailed for writing a program.
|
||
That's like saying that a person who shot someone to death was jailed
|
||
for discharging a firearm.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Mike]
|
||
So we agree that he was not arrested for selling/soliciting/giving away
|
||
the program during this trip. So when did he distribute it? The US
|
||
jurisdictional claim rests on the web site, so they would have to show
|
||
he was somehow involved with it, or that by his association with the
|
||
company he was indirectly involved. His only role seems to be writing
|
||
the program. Thus, why I say he was arrested "for" writing it.
|
||
I just don't like the overemphasis on distribution/trafficking in
|
||
some accounts, because it suggests Dmitry had more involvement in
|
||
that end of things than we have reason to believe.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Dmitry was in the US to give a talk at a conference, not to sell a
|
||
program.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Right. The other common misconception of the case is that Sklyarov
|
||
was arrested for something he did on his trip to the US. Again, the
|
||
authorities have made no such claim.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Heather]
|
||
I can read this two different ways. Either you are being sarcastic when
|
||
you say "Right" and you are declaring the statement that he was here to
|
||
speak at a conference, to be a misconception... which if so, has at least
|
||
some fallacy to it, as he <EM>was</EM> definitely here to present at a conference.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Or, you are agreeing that he was arrested for something he didn't do in the
|
||
US, which means that your disagreement with our point of view is merely that
|
||
you believe they had the right (perhaps the duty) to snap him up like that,
|
||
and we don't.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
By the way the analogy would be closer to saying that the designer of a
|
||
certain variety of bullet shells was being held on charges that bullets
|
||
are used to murder people, never minding that they are also used to hunt
|
||
dangerous vermin and for food gathering in rural areas, including the rural
|
||
areas of other countries where one really does have to hunt for food, and
|
||
in areas where gun-toting is legally mandated.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Dmitry didn't "murder" anyone's eBook. (Hmm, he might have dissected several,
|
||
but it is likely provable that he had Rights to the copies in question.)
|
||
It's still as illegal as ever to clone a readable book, e- or otherwise,
|
||
without having been granted the right-to-copy. It's legal to own hammers
|
||
but not to smash unconsenting people's windows with them. I recommend that
|
||
you read the Copyright act in better detail:
|
||
<A HREF="http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17"
|
||
>http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17</A> There are a
|
||
number of rights <EM>explicitly</EM> granted to libraries, which may not be
|
||
implementable if the DMCA is allowed its broadest scope. That, I'd say,
|
||
is a bug.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Mike]
|
||
The DMCA's supporters would like to see it applied worldwide in any
|
||
way they can. This can be by claiming US jurisdiction or by getting
|
||
it written into international treaties and other countries' laws.
|
||
California has a "long-arm" law under which it claims jurisdiction for
|
||
any web site which is accessible to a Californian, whether or not the
|
||
site is located in California. This concept will continue to be pushed
|
||
and pushed.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Granted, the Department of Justice did not go that far in
|
||
the Sklyarov case. It merely claimed that because ElcomSoft had a web
|
||
site in the US selling the product, that was enough for US jurisdiction.
|
||
Of course ElcomSoft had already shut down the site voluntarily at Adobe's
|
||
"request" before this brou-ha-ha happened, and there's no allegation that
|
||
Dmitry was personally involved in that site or that he is an officer or
|
||
marketing directory for ElcomSoft rather than just a programmer.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
So, the DMCA supporters may reluctantly accept that it cannot be applied
|
||
outside the US, but that doesn't make them stop trying to extend its
|
||
reach.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I haven't seen this. Statements I've seen by supporters indicate they
|
||
want it applied the same way a country's laws traditionally are
|
||
applied vis a vis other countries. I don't see anything new or
|
||
anything unique to the US. But maybe I haven't been reading radical
|
||
enough web pages.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Sure, Adobe would like there to be an international law applying to
|
||
every human being. But that wish is a long way from an actual present
|
||
claim against Sklyarov, and such a claim reported in <EM>LG</EM> is the basis
|
||
of my original letter.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Heather]
|
||
I don't know whether to apply quite that level of slippery slope ... a
|
||
law to every human being ... to Adobe themselves. But I don't feel any
|
||
qualms about applying it to the people who wrote and voted for the DMCA
|
||
itself. I believe that what the DMCA supporters want is to be able to
|
||
sell and restrict every piece of data that might flow past them, until
|
||
they are more wealthy than the Ferengi clan who has the exclusive
|
||
concession on Q-tips(tm) cotton swabs.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The present claim may be unfounded;
|
||
I personally believe it to be worse than that since I think Adobe is biting
|
||
the hand that would feed them Russian customers. But I think the <EM>precedent</EM>
|
||
that speakers can be picked up and singled out for their corporate entities'
|
||
infractions, to be a quite terrifying one. You see, I don't honestly
|
||
believe that someone has a plane-bomb with my photograph taped to its nose,
|
||
or that I am any more likely to be in a building that gets toasted by
|
||
terrorism, than I am to merely get run over by a car when walking to the
|
||
supermarket, or struck by lightning the next time I go hiking, or win the
|
||
local Lotto. But I <EM>do</EM> expect to speak at events, and someday for those
|
||
events to be in other countries, who may have even weirder laws, be more
|
||
abitrary about making them, or have worse treatment of accused people. If
|
||
I end up in a situation where such a country has half a case, I no longer
|
||
expect the US to be able to protect me much ... because they've already
|
||
burned us in that regard. Alan Cox won't be at ALS -- because he's refusing
|
||
to travel here while this sort of nonsense is considered or even claimed to
|
||
be the law of our land. This has been called the "chilling effect" in
|
||
literature that follows censorship cases.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I'm not a lawyer, I'm a frightened human being, and I wrote my own opinion.
|
||
If you don't like it, tough. It's my free speech and our free press...
|
||
and I'd very much like to keep it that way. If that means speaking up for
|
||
the freedom <EM>to speak</EM> as well as the freedom to say particular things -
|
||
I'll do it.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Actually, ElcomSoft hired a company located in the US to collect the
|
||
money. I think the web site in question was that company's. However,
|
||
the company also has offices, employees, etc. on US soil. That's
|
||
not insignificant.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Heather]
|
||
It makes it even worse. If EIcomSoft's US partner is the offender, it's
|
||
their top brass that should be standing in court. If EIcomSoft themselves
|
||
are the offenders, it's their export agents who should be standing there --
|
||
but in no case the programmer, because the code's legal and even REQUIRED
|
||
elsewhere, and reverse engineering itself, by fair means but not foul, is
|
||
(for the moment at least) legal here.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
There's also precedent that "Code is Speech, and to be protected as such."
|
||
As for whether sanity will prevail, only time will tell.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Mike]
|
||
I guess we're just going around in circles now, and the thing to do is
|
||
wait until the case is presented and see what the lawyers say then...
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
What we're really down to is the issue of what Sklyarov did vs what he
|
||
is accused of. I don't even pretend to know the detailed facts of the
|
||
case, so I won't argue whether he distributed, trafficked, aided, or
|
||
abetted. I don't know. And you know what? The FBI and US attorney
|
||
don't either. It takes a trial to answer questions like that.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I just think when one says "was jailed for..." in this pre-sentence
|
||
context, one is talking about what the person's accused of, not what
|
||
he did. I don't think Sklyarov is accused of writing a program. But
|
||
I think there are people, including LG readers, who believe that the
|
||
FBI would also arrest a person who wrote a copyright-busting program
|
||
even if it never entered the US. And that isn't true.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Heather]
|
||
'Tis a fact he wrote a program. 'Tis unknown if <EM>it</EM> entered here;
|
||
or if it did, that it did anything they can claim as directly damaging;
|
||
but probable that it was published in the proceedings of his conference.
|
||
I <EM>think</EM> that if he is accused of something they manage to make stick,
|
||
it will be quite a slippery slope, the top point being, he wrote the
|
||
program, because they know he won't wriggle out of that one. As for what
|
||
the FBI would or would not do, I don't think am <EM>ad hominem</EM> argument on
|
||
their behalf is any more appropriate here than "I have kids and a wife,
|
||
can I go home now?" would be a good defense for Dmitry in court, and I don't
|
||
believe that you know what the FBI would or would not do, anyway. I do
|
||
believe that you trust them with your rights, further than I trust them with
|
||
mine.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The damage has already been done. I think it will take some very brave judges.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 4 -->
|
||
<a name="gaz"></a>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="maroon">GAZETTE MATTERS</font></H3></center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<!-- BEGIN GAZETTE MATTERS -->
|
||
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<!-- index_text begins -->
|
||
<li><A HREF="#gaz/1"
|
||
><strong>PDA user request</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#gaz/2"
|
||
><strong>LG Mirrors page renovation</strong></a>
|
||
<!-- index_text ends -->
|
||
</UL>
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="gaz/1"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">PDA user request</FONT></H3>
|
||
Sun, 30 Sep 2001 09:05:01 -0700
|
||
<BR>Pat Parson (<a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%20gazette%20matters%20%231">rndgui57 from directvinternet.com</a>)
|
||
<BR> (gazette@ssc.com)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hi,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I know this my be a little much, but seeing as how palmtops are so abundant
|
||
these days. I was thinking how great it would be ig Linux Gazzette newest
|
||
issue was available at the same web page monthly so it could be synched as
|
||
as Avantgo (www.avantgo.com) channel.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">There is a link <A HREF="../current"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/current</A> that points to the
|
||
current issue. This was originally requested by somebody with a
|
||
palmtop, because he said it made it easier to download the latest issue
|
||
to his palmtop. Does this do what you want?
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">You can also go to
|
||
<STRONG>http://MY.FAVORITE.LG.MIRROR.com/current</STRONG> and get the
|
||
same thing.
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Yes, thank you.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">I don't want to favor one brand of palmtops
|
||
or one commercial channel site over another. (Is Avantgo commercial?)
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Also, not trying to be
|
||
bothersome but if everything but the links to the articles was removed it
|
||
would better. But if that is too much could you please at least remove this
|
||
section from the bottom:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><code><font color="#000033"><br> TWDT 1 (gzipped text file)
|
||
<br> TWDT 2 (HTML file)
|
||
</font></code></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
are files containing the entire issue: one in text format, one in HTML. They
|
||
are provided strictly as a way to save the contents as one file for later
|
||
printing in the format of your choice; there is no guarantee of working
|
||
links in the HTML version.
|
||
It would remove about 1Mb from the size or my download when I download the
|
||
page everything 1 link deep (I only have 16 Mb RAM) also if you were to do
|
||
that it would make a good Avantgo channel if they will carry it and possibly
|
||
get some other readers. Thanks.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">We get many requests from readers to offer LG in different formats, make
|
||
the TWDT files better, remove the TWDT files, etc. We can't please
|
||
everybody. What we have is a compromise that has evolved over the
|
||
years. I'm not happy with the TWDT files either--it means any time I
|
||
make a correction I have to change the same thing in three files--but
|
||
there is so much reader demand for them that we cannot drop them.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">Perhaps you can arrange with a mirror to offer a customized version of
|
||
LG optimized for palmtop reading. The mirror could make a script that
|
||
downloads the files and removes the TWDT versions, or replaces them with
|
||
small files that explain that the larger files are available only on
|
||
normal mirrors.
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Some of the mirrors seem not to be functioning.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">The mirrors page is way out of date. We're moving the entries into a
|
||
database to make updating easier ... but the project isn't done quite yet.
|
||
[Update 31-Oct-2001: But it is done now. See the next message.] -- Mike</font>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I just thought it would be nice to be able to keep up a little
|
||
better (information overload you know).
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">Thanks for all your suggestions. When readers show enough interest in the
|
||
Gazette to suggest improvements, it makes us feel like our work is worthwhile.
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Yes I forgot avantgo is commercial.
|
||
It is free to use personally, but they charge for providing content (I
|
||
think). They used to allow users to share custom channels but not currently.
|
||
Plus they support mainly WindowsCE.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">Would you like to be our palmtop researcher? We could put a section on
|
||
the Mirrors page about LG resources for PDA users. That way it wouldn't
|
||
matter if they were commercial, because the Mirrors page is supposed to list
|
||
everything. What we'd need would be solutions for a variety of palmtops.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">Are there any articles you might like to write about Linux and palmtops?
|
||
Or any 2-Cent Tips you can provide on reading LG on your palmtop?
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">What exactly are these "channels"? Are they just a set of links to the
|
||
articles in the current issue?
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">LG has an RSS file now.
|
||
<A HREF="../lg.rss">http://www.linuxgazette.com/lg.rss</A>.
|
||
This was originally created at
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxfocus.org/">Linux Focus'</A> request so we can
|
||
share current article links. (We put LF's links in
|
||
<A HREF="lg_bytes72.html#links">News Bytes</A>.) Any site may parse this
|
||
file and use it to generate links to the current LG articles on their
|
||
web page.
|
||
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Are there any linux apps that keep you up to date on html content (ie
|
||
channel subscriptions).
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">There are programs that moniter a list of webpages and let you know whether
|
||
any have changed. I haven't used any of them. Look in your distribution.
|
||
You can also write a program in Python to do this, using the urllib
|
||
module.
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Faber]
|
||
You mean like plucker (<A HREF="http://plkr.org"
|
||
>http://plkr.org</A>) ?
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">I think you'll want to take a look at Sitescooper (<A HREF="http://www.sitescooper.org"
|
||
>http://www.sitescooper.org</A>)
|
||
- while it's rather Palm specific, I think it uses Plucker under the hood.
|
||
Of course it's source available and already knows a whole bunch of PDA formats
|
||
so it can almost certainly be tweaked to other handhelds and PDA-doc formats.
|
||
<EM>Linux Gazette</EM> is there already, item 135 in their list last I looked
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
<p>
|
||
One last thought on the original matter, if the html file TWDT 2 (HTML file)
|
||
provided at the bottom of the page was named
|
||
<A HREF="../current/current.html"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/current/current.html</A> that would work also.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><font color="$000066">Starting with this issue, I have made
|
||
<STRONG>TWDT.html</STRONG> a symlink to <STRONG>issue##.html</STRONG>.
|
||
Give yourself a bookmark of
|
||
<A HREF="TWDT.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/current/TWDT.html</A>.
|
||
-- Mike
|
||
</font>
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">If anyone wants to do a mirror of LG that is dedicated to keeping it in
|
||
formats friendly for handhelds -- provide the results on a publicly
|
||
accessible site, and we'll gladly add you to the mirrors database.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">The license that the <EM>Linux Gazette</EM> is under certainly allows for this sort
|
||
of transformation. Other sites might give you more of a complaint, but we
|
||
sure won't!
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 1 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="gaz/2"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">LG Mirrors page renovation</FONT></H3>
|
||
Wed Oct 31 23:24:13 PST 2001
|
||
<BR>Mike Orr (<a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com?subject=Mirrors%20page%20renovations">LG Editor</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P> The LG <A HREF="../mirrors.html">mirrors page</A> has been revamped.
|
||
25 new sites have been added, and the HTML has
|
||
been regularized. All the entries are now in a database, making Your Editor's
|
||
task easier.
|
||
|
||
<P> This project originally started in February, with me cutting-and-pasting
|
||
the data into a text file in mail-header format. This was taking forever, so I
|
||
got Dan Wilder to write me an awk script. This saved 90% of the typing,
|
||
although I still had to make lots of manual changes due to the irregularities
|
||
in the original HTML document (created many moons ago, and added to over time).
|
||
I wrote a small Python program to load the mail-header file into MySQL, then
|
||
used mysqldump/mysql to make further changes.
|
||
|
||
<P> The HTML is generated by a Python script and a Cheetah
|
||
(<A HREF="http://www.cheetahtemplate.org/">http://www.cheetahtemplate.org/</A>)
|
||
template.
|
||
|
||
<P> I plan to write an article about all this, but first I want to write a
|
||
routine to verify the links and delete the ones that are persistently down. In
|
||
the meantime, the program listing and template are on my web site <A
|
||
HREF="http://iron.cx/cheetah/lgmirrors/">http://iron.cx/cheetah/index.html#lgmirrors</A>
|
||
(temporary link).
|
||
|
||
<P> Thanks to all the mirrors for their patience, especially those like
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.gazette.linux.ru.net/">http://www.gazette.linux.ru.net/</A>
|
||
(Russian translation),
|
||
<A HREF="http://linux.osso.org.co/">http://linux.osso.org.co/</A>,
|
||
etc. that submitted their links several times during the transition.
|
||
|
||
<P> All mirrors, please check your entry and let me know if it's incorrect.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 2 -->
|
||
<P> <hr> </p>
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<H5 align="center">This page edited and maintained by the Editors
|
||
of <I>Linux Gazette</I>
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html"
|
||
>Copyright ©</a> 2001
|
||
<BR>Published in issue 72 of <I>Linux Gazette</I> November 2001</H5>
|
||
<H6 ALIGN="center">HTML script maintained by
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:star@starshine.org">Heather Stern</a> of
|
||
Starshine Technical Services,
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.starshine.org/">http://www.starshine.org/</A>
|
||
</H6>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"</H4>
|
||
<HR>
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<table cellpadding=7><tr><td>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/bytes.gif" border=1 ALT="News Bytes">
|
||
</td><td>
|
||
<H3>Contents:</H3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a HREF="#leg">Legislation and More Legislation</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="#links">Linux Links</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="#conferences">Conferences and Events</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="#general">News in General</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="#distro">Distro News</A>
|
||
<li><a HREF="#commercial">Software and Product News</a>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</td></tr></table>
|
||
|
||
<STRONG>Selected and formatted by <A HREF="mailto:michael.conry@softhome.net">Michael Conry</A></STRONG>
|
||
</center>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> Submitters, send your News Bytes items in
|
||
<FONT SIZE="+2"><STRONG>PLAIN TEXT</STRONG></FONT>
|
||
format. Other formats may be rejected without reading. You have been
|
||
warned! A one- or two-paragraph summary plus URL gets you a better
|
||
announcement than an entire press release.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
November 2001 <I>Linux Journal</I>
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="misc/lj-cover91.png" WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=268
|
||
ALIGN="left" HSPACE="20">
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
The November issue of <A HREF="http://www.linuxjournal.com/"><I>Linux
|
||
Journal</I></A> is on newsstands now.
|
||
This issue focuses on Linux Enterprise and presents the results from the annual
|
||
Readers' Choice Awards. Click
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue91/index.html">here</A>
|
||
to view the table of contents, or
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxjournal.com/subscribe/index.html">here</A>
|
||
to subscribe.
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">All articles through December 1999 are available for
|
||
public reading at
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/mags.html">http://www.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/mags.html</A></FONT>.
|
||
Recent articles are available on-line for subscribers only at
|
||
<A HREF="http://interactive.linuxjournal.com">http://interactive.linuxjournal.com/</A>.
|
||
|
||
<BR CLEAR="all">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
November/December 2001 <I>Embedded Linux Journal</I>
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="misc/elj-cover06.png" WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=268
|
||
ALIGN="left" HSPACE="20">
|
||
|
||
<P> Issue #6 of <I>Embedded Linux Journal</I> has articles about choosing an
|
||
embedded distribution, building a minimal glibc, Linux single-board computers,
|
||
and more. Plus a cool chicks-on-a-motherboard cover.
|
||
|
||
<P> <A HREF="http://embedded.linuxjournal.com/magazine/issue06/">Click here for the table of contents.</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> <I>Embedded Linux Journal</I> is available free to qualified subscribers in the
|
||
USA, Canada and Mexico.
|
||
<A HREF="http://embedded.linuxjournal.com/subscribe/">Click here to subscribe.</A>
|
||
|
||
<BR CLEAR="all">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name="leg"></a>
|
||
<p><hr><p>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="green">Legislation and More Legislation</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Alan Cox Censors Kernel Changelog In Response To DMCA
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P> In Linux 2.2.20-pre10's
|
||
<a href="http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=100374609914587&w=2">
|
||
changelog</a>, Alan Cox refuses to list the
|
||
details for some "security fixes", writing, "Details censored in
|
||
accordance with the US DMCA". Apparently file ownership and permissions
|
||
might be used to protect a copyright, and highlighting the fixes in a
|
||
changelog could thus be seen as publishing information on copyright
|
||
circumvention. There was a thread of discussion leading from this decision
|
||
on linux-kernel, with some list-members feeling that Alan was
|
||
overreacting. Others made the very fair point that it was up to Alan
|
||
whether or not he wanted to take the risk of potentially violating the
|
||
DMCA. Alan's position is that he has taken legal advice, and that this is
|
||
the most prudent course of action.
|
||
<p>
|
||
LWN's
|
||
<a href="http://lwn.net/2001/1025/">
|
||
coverage</a> of this story highlighted the fact that although the
|
||
changelog is censored, the actual code and patches are not.
|
||
This was also noted on linux-kernel.
|
||
Rik van Riel posted a link (on Slashdot and linux-kernel) to
|
||
<a href="http://thefreeworld.net/">
|
||
http://thefreeworld.net/</a> where you can get the changelog, along with
|
||
other information/tools not allowed in the US (this is for non-US visitors).
|
||
Further comments can be
|
||
<a href="http://slashdot.org/yro/01/10/22/172200.shtml">
|
||
found</a> on Slashdot, where the story popped up, and
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/22536.html">here</a> on The
|
||
Register.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">An Irish Perspective
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
With the current confusion and controversy regarding US law relating to
|
||
software and technology (<A HREF="../issue71/lg_bytes71.html#leg">reported last month</A>
|
||
in News Bytes),
|
||
it might be of interest to take a glance at how
|
||
these issues play out elsewhere, such as Ireland.
|
||
The IT sector has been a big contributor to
|
||
Ireland's recent economic
|
||
<a href="http://www.irlgov.ie/finance/publications/meb/mebjun00.htm">
|
||
upturn</a>.
|
||
However, there have been relatively few policy developments in the area.
|
||
One of the more significant government initiatives has been the
|
||
<a href="http://www.entemp.ie/ecd/ecommact.pdf">
|
||
Electronic Commerce Act(2000)</a>(PDF). A more readable
|
||
<a href="http://www.gov.ie/tec/communications/technology/electronicenvironment.htm">
|
||
commentary</a>
|
||
on the act is available. One important, and encouraging, inclusion is the
|
||
recognition of the right to strong cryptography. As is pointed out in the
|
||
commentary,
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
"...the Act provides for a court order to be issued requiring a person to
|
||
disclose the encrypted evidence in a plain-text form. However, section 27
|
||
of the Act specifically provides that nothing in the Act shall have the
|
||
effect of requiring the disclosure of unique data such as codes, passwords,
|
||
algorithms, private cryptographic keys..."
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
There is also a rejection of the concept of
|
||
key escrow, which is reiterated in the Government
|
||
<a href="http://www.gov.ie/tec/communications/ecommerce/signat.htm">
|
||
Policy on Cryptography and Electronic Signatures</a>, which also asserts
|
||
the right to free choice of cryptographic method. Partly, these policies
|
||
were adopted because they were seen as pro-business: technology companies
|
||
are more important to the Irish economy than media companies.
|
||
Another factor that may have influenced this decision is the fact that
|
||
Ireland's communications are vulnerable to monitoring by other
|
||
states for conventional or industrial espionage. Such allegations were
|
||
<a href="http://www.channel4.com/news/sr/sr.pages/sr4.what/sr4.scr4.htm">
|
||
made</a>
|
||
<a href="http://www.rte.ie/news/1999/0715/tapping.html">
|
||
against</a>
|
||
the UK regarding Capenhurst Tower. On a European wide
|
||
level, similar concerns have been
|
||
<a href="http://cryptome.org/echelon-ep.htm">
|
||
raised</a> regarding UK and USA involvement in Echelon.
|
||
<p>
|
||
The UK has taken a less liberal approach, in particular in the
|
||
<a href="http://www.fipr.org/rip/">
|
||
Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act</a>. The Irish Government was keen
|
||
to follow a different route, in the
|
||
<a href="http://www.ireland.com/newspaper/finance/2000/0324/tech1.htm">
|
||
hope</a> that this would encourage inward investment in the electronic
|
||
commerce and software sectors. The
|
||
<a href="http://www.ireland.com/newspaper/ireland/1998/0905/clinton14.htm">
|
||
electronic signing</a>
|
||
by Bill Clinton and Bertie Ahern of a communique on
|
||
electronic commerce in September 1998 was a high profile publicity stunt to
|
||
reinforce this image.
|
||
This, and other pro-business policies, were successful,
|
||
<a href="http://www.enterprise-ireland.com/connect-profiles.asp?sectorid=19">
|
||
moving</a> Ireland
|
||
to the position of second largest exporter of software in the world.
|
||
<p>
|
||
Another significant influence on
|
||
Irish policy is the
|
||
<a href="http://europa.eu.int/">
|
||
European Union</a>. This is not necessarily a bad thing, as some good
|
||
policies have come from the EU. The
|
||
<a href="http://cryptome.org/echelon-ep.htm">
|
||
Echelon document</a> mentioned earlier states
|
||
"...e-mails can and should be encrypted by everyone", and is a valuable
|
||
wake-up call to the importance of security.
|
||
Bruce Schneier has
|
||
<a href="http://www.counterpane.com/crypto-gram-0108.html#8">lauded</a> the
|
||
EU for taking on board security professionals
|
||
<a href="http://www.cerias.purdue.edu/homes/spaf/coe/TREATY_LETTER.html">
|
||
concerns</a> regarding the new EU Cybercrime Treaty. Additionally,
|
||
the European Patent office
|
||
<a href="http://www.european-patent-office.org/ap_gd/english/b-i-e.htm">
|
||
does not</a> grant software patents. A much more disturbing development is
|
||
the
|
||
<a href="http://cryptome.org/eu-copyright.htm">
|
||
The EU Copyright Directive</a>.
|
||
Like the DMCA, this is inspired by the
|
||
World Intellectual Property Organization, and it has some
|
||
<a href="http://www.eurorights.org/eudmca/index.html">
|
||
similar provisions</a>.
|
||
However, European directives are guidelines for national laws,
|
||
and certainly do not override national constitutions, so there should be a
|
||
longer road before the EU is fully subject to DMCA style rigour.
|
||
<p>
|
||
On the broader theme of civil liberties and misuse of power, there are
|
||
valuable lessons to be learned from Ireland's experiences. Ireland's
|
||
troubled political history has in the past led to some very
|
||
<a href="http://www.iccl.ie/criminalj/emergency/reports.html">
|
||
harsh laws</a> such as the anti-terrorist <em>Offences Against the State
|
||
Act</em>, repeatedly condemned by Amnesty International. Also, there was
|
||
significant abuse of 'phone tapping, with both
|
||
<a href="http://www.ireland.com/newspaper/ireland/2001/1017/hom11.htm">
|
||
journalists</a>
|
||
and
|
||
<a href="http://www.ireland.com/newspaper/ireland/2001/0508/hom17.htm">
|
||
politicians</a> the victims.
|
||
Phone tapping has valid security uses, as might some of the measures
|
||
which has just been enacted enacted in the United States, but it is very easy
|
||
to misuse. Although the current Taoiseach (Prime Minister) has apologised
|
||
for the abuse, much harm has already been done. Indeed this controversy has
|
||
<a href="http://www.ireland.com/newspaper/breaking/2001/0927/breaking39.htm">
|
||
flared up again</a>,
|
||
as one of the ex-ministers responsible for the wiretaps (and opposed to
|
||
apologies) is now chairing a government telecoms enquiry.
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Anti-Terrorism Bills Compared
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://www.aclu.org/">
|
||
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)</a> have prepared a
|
||
<a href="http://www.aclu.org/congress/patriot_chart.html">
|
||
chart</a>
|
||
showing the differences wiretapping/surveillance provisions
|
||
between current law and various Anti Terrorism bills: The originally
|
||
proposed Bush Anti-Terrorism Act (ATA), the House Judiciary compromise
|
||
Patriot Act, the Senat-Passed USA Act, and the House Passed USA Act. There
|
||
are also ACLU comments on each.
|
||
<p>
|
||
At Security Focus, Richard Forno has
|
||
<a href="http://www.securityfocus.com/columnists/25">
|
||
written</a>
|
||
on these issues, and on the danger of too-readily sacrificing freedoms.
|
||
Richard Stallman has also
|
||
<a href="http://www.newsforge.com/article.pl?sid=01/10/22/1417238">
|
||
commented</a>
|
||
on the dangers of erosion of civil
|
||
liberties, in particular under the USA Act.
|
||
<p>
|
||
On Wednesday 24th October, the USA Patriot Act (HR 3162) was
|
||
<a href="http://www.aclu.org/news/2001/n102401a.html">
|
||
passed</a>
|
||
by the house of representatives 357-66, and the following day by the
|
||
Senate, 98-1, with Russ Feingold the only
|
||
<a href="http://www.senate.gov/~feingold/releases/01/10/102501at.html">
|
||
dissenter</a>.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">James Love on Lobbying and Hague Conventions
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://www.slashdot.org/">Slashdot</a> had a recent
|
||
<a href="http://slashdot.org/interviews/01/10/09/1014241.shtml">
|
||
interview</a>
|
||
with consumer advocate James Love. He has some ideas on getting decision
|
||
makers' attention which may be of special interest to Linux advocates. In
|
||
particular, he recommends writing to congressional staffers that are
|
||
working on the specific issue, rather than just to congress members. Also,
|
||
he mentions that it is worth writing letters to well-read newspapers (or
|
||
local newspapers of a Congress member you want to reach).
|
||
<p>
|
||
This tactic could be surprisingly effective. I know for a fact that in
|
||
government departments in my own country, Ireland, that civil servants are
|
||
assigned to read the major newspapers and cut out articles that are
|
||
relevant to their department. Particular attention is given to the letters
|
||
page, and these clippings are seen by the head civil servants and ministers
|
||
(i.e. decision/policy makers) in each department.
|
||
<p>
|
||
One other issue, raised by Love, which might be of particular relevance
|
||
here, is the
|
||
<a href="http://www.hcch.net/e/workprog/jdgm.html">
|
||
Hague Convention on Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgements</a>. This is a
|
||
subject on which James has
|
||
<a href="http://www.cptech.org/ecom/jurisdiction/hague.html">
|
||
commented</a> extensively.
|
||
The convention in question is a treaty that would implement, among
|
||
other things, cross-border patent enforcement.
|
||
"Everyone would be liable for infringement of foreign
|
||
patents, and the Hague Convention would give exclusive jurisdiction for
|
||
both validity and infringement in the county of registration." There is an
|
||
<a href="http://www.cptech.org/ecom/jurisdiction/whatyoushouldknow.html">
|
||
an online introduction</a> to this subject, by James Love. The official
|
||
website is at:
|
||
<a href="http://www.hcch.net/">http://www.hcch.net/</a>.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">RIAA mischief
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P> Slashdot
|
||
<a href="http://slashdot.org/yro/01/10/15/138258.shtml">
|
||
quotes</a>
|
||
Wired's
|
||
<a href="http://wired.com/news/conflict/0,2100,47552,00.html">
|
||
allegation</a>
|
||
that the Recording Industry
|
||
Association of America (RIAA) tried (and failed) to get inserted
|
||
into the Anti-Terrorism bill a provision that would allow it to
|
||
hack into your computer to see if you had any unauthorized MP3s
|
||
and delete them. It seems they think they had this right all along (!) but
|
||
are afraid they might get branded as Cyber-Terrorists if they tried it under the
|
||
new
|
||
<a href="http://wired.com/news/conflict/0,2100,47552,00.html">
|
||
USA-Act</a>! Of course, the biggest concern is collateral damage to
|
||
your computer, which RIAA wants to shirk responsibility for. This story
|
||
was also
|
||
<a href="http://arstechnica.infopop.net/OpenTopic/page?a=tpc&s=50009562&f=174096756&m=8890985492&r=8890985492">
|
||
picked up</a> by
|
||
<a href="http://arstechnica.com">ArsTechnica</a>. The RIAA later
|
||
published a
|
||
<a href="http://www.riaa.org/PR_story.cfm?id=462">
|
||
rebuttal</a>, which doesn't really contradict much of what was written, but
|
||
spins differently.
|
||
|
||
<P> In a similar vein, though perhaps inaccurately, The Register
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/6/22087.html">
|
||
reported</a>
|
||
on a secret meeting between Senators Fritz
|
||
Hollings, Ted Stevens, and representatives of RIAA and the big
|
||
media companies. Interesting reading, but now comes the caveat:
|
||
"Our source may not be all he or she claimed to be, and serious doubts have
|
||
been cast on the veracity of the comments attributed to the RIAA's Rosen
|
||
and co."
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">But Didn't the Hijackers Already Present Valid ID?
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
Slashdot ran a story on how
|
||
both
|
||
<a href="http://www.oracle.com/">Oracle</a> and
|
||
<a href="http://www.sun.com/">Sun</a>
|
||
are pressing for
|
||
<a href="http://slashdot.org/articles/01/10/12/003242.shtml">
|
||
a national ID card</a>, powered
|
||
by their own systems. Nice business trick, cashing in on current hunger
|
||
for any available and visible security measure. This was also covered by
|
||
The Mercury News
|
||
<a href="http://www0.mercurycenter.com/local/center/id101701.htm">
|
||
here</a>.
|
||
For a rational assessment of current security concerns take a look at Bruce
|
||
Schneier's
|
||
<a href="http://www.counterpane.com/crypto-gram.html">
|
||
Crypto-Gram</a> special issue devoted to
|
||
<a href="http://www.counterpane.com/crypto-gram-0109a.html">
|
||
the September 11 terrorist attacks and their aftermath</a>. It is also an
|
||
excellent source of links. A fine point he makes is that many new
|
||
"security" measures are aimed at making people think they are more secure,
|
||
rather than actually improving real security. If you then throw into the
|
||
mix the interests of powerful lobbies opposed to free communication, you
|
||
get an unpleasant mix.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">SSSCA update
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
ZDNet <a href="http://www.zdnet.com/zdnn/stories/news/0,4586,5098618,00.html">
|
||
report</a> that some tech heavyweights (Intel, IBM, Microsoft, etc.,)
|
||
have objections to the proposed
|
||
<a href="http://www.politechbot.com/docs/hollings.090701.html">SSSCA</a>
|
||
bill. Indeed Slashdot later
|
||
<a href="http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/10/26/126230&mode=nested">highlighted</a>
|
||
reports that the Senate Commerce Committee's hearings
|
||
on the Bill have been postponed due to mounting opposition. It's not
|
||
dead yet, but this should be positive.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name="links"></a>
|
||
<p><hr><p>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="green">Linux Links</font></H3></center>
|
||
<p><hr><p>
|
||
|
||
<IMG ALT="Linux Focus" SRC="../gx/linuxfocus.jpg" WIDTH="143" HEIGHT="45">
|
||
<BR CLEAR="all">
|
||
The following articles are in the November-December issue of the E-zine
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxfocus.org/">LinuxFocus</A>:
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.linuxfocus.org/English/November2001/article116.shtml">
|
||
Freefont, TrueType and patterns with The Gimp</a><br></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.linuxfocus.org/English/November2001/article121.shtml">
|
||
Gimp: using mask layers</a><br></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.linuxfocus.org/English/November2001/article163.shtml">
|
||
Yellow Pages 3: The Server Side</a><br></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.linuxfocus.org/English/November2001/article203.shtml">
|
||
Avoiding security holes when developing an application - Part 6: CGI scripts</a><br></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.linuxfocus.org/English/November2001/article217.shtml">
|
||
Nessus : another brick in the (security) wall</a><br></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.linuxfocus.org/English/November2001/article219.shtml">
|
||
MOSIXVIEW, a management-GUI for MOSIX-cluster</a><br></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://linuxfocus.org/English/November2001/article220.shtml">
|
||
Atek Super Mini Optical Mouse</a><br></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://linuxfocus.org/English/November2001/article221.shtml">
|
||
A whole new world: A guided tour with Tux through the land of the penguin</a><br></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://linuxfocus.org/English/November2001/article223.shtml">
|
||
How to use your ATEN UC-232A USB adapter with Linux</a><br></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
Some links found recently on
|
||
<a href="http://www.slashdot.org/">Slashdot</a>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li> <a href="http://www.linuxworld.com/ic_717468_6995_1-3133.html">
|
||
Linux on Sony Playstation 2</a>, to be released in US soon
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li> <a href="http://66.129.1.101/top20.htm">
|
||
Top 20 Internet vulnerabilities</a>, continuously updated, and covering
|
||
Windows, Unix, and general security. Lots of common sense as well as tech
|
||
sense.
|
||
|
||
<li> Slashdot has
|
||
<a href="http://slashdot.org/articles/01/10/07/1411232.shtml">
|
||
links</a>
|
||
about Sharp's upcoming Linux PDA.
|
||
|
||
<li> <a href="http://www.adequacy.org/?op=displaystory;sid=2001/10/2/33542/4010">
|
||
Comments</a> from a disgruntled Linux user.
|
||
A Cautionary commentary on Linux advocates.
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
ZDNet has a
|
||
<a href="http://techupdate.zdnet.com/techupdate/stories/main/0,14179,2816203,00.html">
|
||
report</a> on upcoming revamps of
|
||
<a href="http://www.mysql.com/">MySQL</a>.
|
||
New features: Version 4.0 (October): Unicode,
|
||
multitable updates, SSL, etc. Version 4.1 (to be released in December):
|
||
nested queries, stored
|
||
procedures, etc.
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
OS News have an
|
||
<a href="http://www.osnews.com/story.php?news_id=161">
|
||
Interview</a>
|
||
with Linus.
|
||
|
||
<li> Sony
|
||
<a href="http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/10/28/005233&mode=nested">
|
||
uses</a> DMCA to stop AIBO hacking.
|
||
|
||
<li>Linux powered
|
||
<a href="http://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/cn/20011025/tc/humanoid_robot_runs_on_linux_power_1.html">
|
||
humanoid</a>, pics and more details
|
||
<a href="http://www.dh.aist.go.jp/h6/H6_H7.html">here</a>.
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://slashdot.org/articles/01/10/23/1252214.shtml">
|
||
Story</a> about
|
||
<a href="http://www.directfb.org/">
|
||
DirectFB</a>, a framebuffer toolbox that could be an alternative to
|
||
X-windows.
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="http://www.thedukeofurl.org">
|
||
The Duke of URL</a> have
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>A <a href="http://www.thedukeofurl.org/reviews/misc/suse72">
|
||
review</a> of
|
||
SuSE Linux 7.2 Professional, in all its 7 CD and 1 DVD Glory.
|
||
<li>A <a href="http://www.thedukeofurl.org/reviews/misc/caldera31">
|
||
review</a> of Caldera OpenLinux Workstation 3.1.
|
||
<li>Linux <a href="http://www.thedukeofurl.org/reviews/misc/linuxguide13">
|
||
Buyers Guide #13</a>.
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<p>CNET have
|
||
<a href="http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1003-200-7720536.html?tag=owv">
|
||
reported</a> that
|
||
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/">Amazon.com</a> significantly reduced its
|
||
IT budget by migrating to Linux.
|
||
|
||
<!-- p>
|
||
Cartoons by Timothy Musson of
|
||
<a href="http://www.ozemail.com.au/~geisha/projects.html">
|
||
Linux stereotypes</a>, featuring Debian, Redhat, Suse and Mandrake Geeks ;-) -->
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="http://cryptome.org/ms-drm.htm">
|
||
Details</a>, at Cryptome.org, on the "Beale Screamer" anti-DMCA MS Digital
|
||
Rights Management circumvention. Further
|
||
<a href="http://cryptome.quintessenz.at/cgi-bin/htsearch?config=cryptome&restrict=&exclude=&method=and&format=builtin-long&sort=score&words=beale+screamer">
|
||
information</a>.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="http://lwn.net/">
|
||
Linux Weekly News</a>
|
||
<a href="http://lwn.net/2001/1004/">
|
||
reported</a> that the W3C is eager to adopt patented technology in
|
||
standards. More details on LWN and summary <a href="#w3cstory">here</a>.
|
||
<p>
|
||
Opera (among others) had a bit of a tussle with Microsoft over MSN not
|
||
allowing connections from non MS browsers. MS
|
||
<a href="http://www.opera.com/pressreleases/20011026.html">
|
||
backed down</a>.
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-cli?open&t=grl,l<>7,p=LxClient">
|
||
What good is a Linux client?</a>
|
||
IBM's Mark Chapman give you the benefit of his own experience as a Linux
|
||
newbie changing over from Windows.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/56/22423.html">
|
||
Virus writers are industrial terrorists</a> says Microsoft, as reported by
|
||
The Register.
|
||
<p>
|
||
Linux.com have an
|
||
<a href="http://linux.com/newsitem.phtml?sid=1&aid=12549">
|
||
introduction</a> to using the
|
||
<a href="http://www.snort.org">
|
||
Snort</a> Intrusion Detection System. Further reading
|
||
<a href="http://www.linux.ie/articles/portsentryandsnortcompared.php">
|
||
here</a>, courtesy <a href="http://www.linux.ie/">ILUG</a>.
|
||
<p>
|
||
In LWN, Michael Hammel, who used to write LG's _The Graphics Muse_ column, surveys
|
||
<a href="http://lwn.net/2001/1004/desktop.php3">
|
||
Linux's repitoire of games</a>, both old and new, free and commercial. This is
|
||
a very quick overview of the kinds of games Linux has, and its support for
|
||
gaming technology.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> IBM is working with Citizen Watch to develop a
|
||
<a href="http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1006-200-7489545.html?tag=lh">
|
||
Linux watch</a>.
|
||
There's a photo of a prototype showing Tux on the screen.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name="conferences"></a>
|
||
<p><hr><p>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="green">Upcoming conferences and events</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
<P> Listings courtesy <EM>Linux Journal</EM>. See <EM>LJ</EM>'s
|
||
<A HREF="http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/events/">Events</A> page for the
|
||
latest goings-on.
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN events table [this line needed by Linux Gazette events.py *** -->
|
||
|
||
<table cellpadding=5 border=0 width=100%>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td colspan=2><HR size=5 width=100% noshade align=center></td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td valign=top>
|
||
<b>5th Annual Linux Showcase & Conference</b><BR>
|
||
<td valign=top>November 6-10, 2001<BR>Oakland, CA<BR>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxshowcase.org/" target=_blank>
|
||
http://www.linuxshowcase.org/</A><BR>
|
||
</td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td colspan=2><HR size=5 width=100% noshade align=center></td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td valign=top>
|
||
<b>Strictly e-Business Solutions Expo</b><BR>
|
||
<td valign=top>November 7-8, 2001<BR>Houston, TX<BR>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.strictlyebusinessexpo.com/" target=_blank>
|
||
http://www.strictlyebusinessexpo.com</A><BR>
|
||
</td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td colspan=2><HR size=5 width=100% noshade align=center></td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td valign=top>
|
||
<b>LINUX Business Expo</b><BR>Co-located with COMDEX<br>
|
||
<td valign=top>November 12-16, 2001<BR>Las Vegas, NV<BR>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxbusinessexpo.com" target=_blank>
|
||
http://www.linuxbusinessexpo.com</A><BR>
|
||
</td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td colspan=2><HR size=5 width=100% noshade align=center></td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td valign=top>
|
||
<b>15th Systems Administration Conference/LISA 2001</b><BR>
|
||
<td valign=top>December 2-7, 2001<BR>San Diego, CA<BR>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.usenix.org/events/lisa2001/" target=_blank>
|
||
http://www.usenix.org/events/lisa2001</A><BR>
|
||
</td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td colspan=2><HR size=5 width=100% noshade align=center></td></tr>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</table>
|
||
<!-- *** END events table [this line needed by Linux Gazette events.py *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name="general"></a>
|
||
<p><hr><p>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="green">News in General</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<a name="w3cstory"></a>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">W3C and Patents
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://lwn.net/">
|
||
Linux Weekly News</a> recently
|
||
<a href="http://lwn.net/2001/1004/">
|
||
reported</a>
|
||
that
|
||
<a href="http://www.w3.org/">
|
||
W3C</a>
|
||
has a
|
||
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/WD-patent-policy-20010816/">
|
||
draft policy</a> which would allow patented technology to be
|
||
included in web standards. LWN has a good commentary on the issues, which
|
||
could ultimately endanger the future of free software on the internet.
|
||
The "Scalable Vector Graphics" (SVG) standard, already adopted by the W3C,
|
||
includes patented technology from Apple. The W3C is already behaving as if
|
||
the new policy were in force. <P> What most disturbed many observers was
|
||
the under hand way in which the change was apparently being sneaked through.
|
||
The "consultation period" came to most peoples attention thanks largely to
|
||
LWN's Adam Warner who posted
|
||
<a href="http://lwn.net/2001/1004/a/w3c-patents.php3">
|
||
this message</a>.
|
||
Following this comments in W3C's
|
||
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-patentpolicy-comment/2001Oct/thread.html">
|
||
comment thread</a>
|
||
turned sharply against the idea once it became generally known.
|
||
Included are comments by Linux bigwigs. Many of the most important posts
|
||
are linked from LWN.
|
||
Some predict that this could lead to a situation similar to the one
|
||
following the
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.burnallgifs.org">
|
||
patent rows</A> surrounding GIF's, and the subsequent development of PNG's.
|
||
LWN suggests the possibility that in the future, the free software
|
||
community may have to form another web standards committee to compete
|
||
with W3C if W3C starts destroying the web with non-open technology
|
||
that threatens the web's universal viewability.
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">LWN in Difficulties
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>Unhappy news,
|
||
<a href="http://www.lwn.net/">
|
||
Linux Weekly News</a> is facing the
|
||
<a href="http://lwn.net/2001/1011/">
|
||
budget shortfalls</a>
|
||
common to free web
|
||
news sites. In particular, Tucows is
|
||
no longer able to continue providing support.
|
||
As a result, Michael Hammel, LWN "On the Desktop" columnist (and former LG
|
||
"The Graphics Muse" columnist) is leaving LWN. We wish Michael well.
|
||
|
||
<P> More disturbing is LWN's prediction that, "Unless we can come up with a
|
||
way of paying salaries soon, LWN risks dropping off the net entirely."
|
||
There is a mailing list to discuss LWN's future at
|
||
<a href="http://vena.lwn.net/mailman/listinfo/discussion">
|
||
http://vena.lwn.net/mailman/listinfo/discussion</a> (now needs
|
||
registration). This news was also
|
||
<a href="http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/10/11/1255249&mode=nested">
|
||
discussed</a>
|
||
on Slashdot.
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Kernel Vulnerability
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
Slashdot
|
||
<a href="http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/10/19/141229&mode=nested">
|
||
reported</a> on a recently spotted kernel vulnerability. Details are
|
||
available in a
|
||
<a href="http://www.securityfocus.com/cgi-bin/archive.pl?id=1&start=2001-10-15&end=2001-10-21&threads=0&mid=20011018173540.A6671@emperor.7bulls.com">mail</a> from
|
||
Rafal Wojtczuk. Briefly,
|
||
There are two bugs present in Linux kernels 2.2.19 and below, and 2.4.9
|
||
and below (2.4.10 may be vulnerable too). The first vulnerability results
|
||
in <em>local</em> DoS (based on deeply nested symlinks. The second one,
|
||
involving ptrace, can be used to gain root privileges <em>locally</em> (in
|
||
case of default install of most popular distributions). Linux 2.0.x is not
|
||
vulnerable to the ptrace bug mentioned. Kernel patch is included at the end
|
||
of the mail and
|
||
<a href="http://www.securityfocus.com/cgi-bin/archive.pl?id=1&mid=221337&start01-10-15&end01-10-21">
|
||
here</a>. Red Hat have updated kernel packages available for
|
||
<a href="http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2001-129.html">
|
||
2.4</a> and
|
||
<a href="http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2001-130.html">
|
||
2.2</a> kernel series.<br>
|
||
Details of updated Debian source packages (i386) are available in
|
||
<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-changes/2001/debian-changes-200110/msg00016.html">
|
||
this post</a>, updated kernel images are also available.
|
||
Check your own distro's web-page for updates.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Linux Making Inroads
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
Three separate stories pointing towards possibly more widespread adoption
|
||
of Linux in the near future. First, in what one might call the birthplace
|
||
of Linux (and certainly Linus!), The Register
|
||
<a href="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/22070.html">
|
||
reports</a>
|
||
That Finnish local government is leaning away from Windows and towards Linux.
|
||
The city of Turku, population around 200,000, has reacted to Microsoft's
|
||
latest licensing changes by kicking off a study of Linux alternatives.
|
||
<p>
|
||
Also in Europe, IDG.net have reported that
|
||
Germany's lower parliament (the Bundestag) is
|
||
<a href="http://idg.net/ic_712902_1794_9-10000.html">
|
||
considering</a> switching
|
||
from Windows to Linux for its 5000 computers. The main reasons
|
||
are for security, stability and (again) to save money in the face of MS's
|
||
new upgrade terms. The parliamentary committee will decide late
|
||
this year or early next year which OS will replace its current
|
||
version of Windows NT.
|
||
<p>
|
||
Finally, Technews.com have run a
|
||
<a href="http://www.technews.com/news/01/171244.html">
|
||
Thai story</a>:
|
||
that Thailand's government will back the idea of using free, Thai-language
|
||
'open source' software as a way of reducing spending and software piracy.
|
||
An official is quoted:
|
||
"To be independent from foreign software, the country needs to build a
|
||
knowledge base along with developing human resources and work based on
|
||
open source software."
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Linux NetworX Cluster Aids BioCryst in Medical Development
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxnetworx.com">
|
||
Linux NetworX</a>, have
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxnetworx.com/news/10.9.2001.57-Linux_NetworX_C.html">
|
||
announced</a>
|
||
that
|
||
<a href="http://www.biocryst.com/">BioCryst Pharmaceuticals</a>,
|
||
is now using a Linux NetworX Evolocity cluster to aid in creating
|
||
pharmaceuticals for the treatment of human disease and illness such as
|
||
influenza and hepatitis C. Implementing an innovative drug discovery
|
||
approach, scientists at BioCryst create synthetic small-molecule
|
||
inhibitors, atom by atom, to bind with specific disease-causing proteins or
|
||
targets.
|
||
<P> BioCryst's new Evolocity cluster includes 32 Pentium III 933 MHz
|
||
processors, with 16 GB of memory and a 10/100 Ethernet network. Linux
|
||
NetworX configured the cluster to handle complex computer modelling
|
||
applications, such as X-ray crystallography and combinatorial chemistry.
|
||
BioCryst utilizes the Linux NetworX ClusterWorX management software and
|
||
signed an on-going service agreement as well.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">ALS for free: Oakland November 5th-10th
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>In response to an uncertain
|
||
political climate and the recent economic downturn, the
|
||
<a href="http://www.usenix.org">USENIX</a>
|
||
Association and the
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxshowcase.org">
|
||
Atlanta Linux Showcase, Inc.</a>
|
||
jointly announced today that they will offer free registration to everyone
|
||
wishing to attend technical sessions at next month's Annual Linux Showcase
|
||
& Conference in Oakland, California. USENIX and ALS are making this
|
||
unprecedented offer because they believe the networking opportunities and
|
||
high-calibre technical content at this conference provide an important
|
||
service to their membership and the general open source community.
|
||
<P> "We recognize this may only be a temporary readjustment until the
|
||
'brick and mortar' companies start using open source products to a greater
|
||
degree. Therefore, we feel that it is crucial to provide current technical
|
||
information to the community at this time," said Jon "maddog" Hall, USENIX
|
||
Director and ALS Invited Talks Program Chair. "There are also several
|
||
political issues facing the open source community right now such as DMCA,
|
||
SSSCA, copyrights, and software patents. The ALS invited talks track
|
||
reflects this and we felt that we could not put off these important
|
||
discussions to a later time."
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">SAIR Linux and GNU
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>"For the third consecutive show,
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxcertification.com">
|
||
SAIR Linux and GNU</a>'s partnership with IDG was a huge success. As the
|
||
leading developer of vendor neutral training curriculum and
|
||
certification materials for open source software, SAIR Linux and GNU
|
||
offered free Linux review sessions and free certification testing at
|
||
the LinuxWorld Conference and Expo event which took place at San
|
||
Francisco's Moscone Center. SAIR Linux and GNU served as the official
|
||
Certification Sponsor for the August 27 thru August 30 event which
|
||
welcomed more than 18,000 attendees and 180 exhibitors."
|
||
|
||
<P> For more information on the success of the LinuxWorld Expo, visit
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxcertification.com/linuxworld/">
|
||
http://www.linuxcertification.com/linuxworld/</a> or
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxworldexpo.com">
|
||
http://www.linuxworldexpo.com</a> . You can also access additional
|
||
information about SAIR Linux and GNU Certification or locate a
|
||
training center, by visiting
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxcertification.com">
|
||
www.linuxcertification.com</a>.
|
||
Additional information about testing can be found at
|
||
<a href="http://www.2test.com">
|
||
www.2test.com</a> or
|
||
<a href="http://www.vue.com">
|
||
www.vue.com</a>.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name="distro"></a>
|
||
<p><hr><p>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="green">Distro News</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Debian
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
The Debian
|
||
<a href="http://kt.zork.net/debian-hurd/latest.html">
|
||
HURD</a>
|
||
iso images are
|
||
<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-hurd/2001/debian-hurd-200110/msg00054.html">
|
||
now available</a>
|
||
from your local ftp.gnu.org mirror. There are 3 iso's available, but you
|
||
only need the first one to get a system going, so get downloading now!"
|
||
<hr noshade width="20%">
|
||
<p>
|
||
The position of Debian Security Secretary has been
|
||
<a href="http://www.debian.org/News/2001/20011017">
|
||
filled</a>, with the appointment of Matt Zimmerman and Noah Meyerhans to
|
||
the role.
|
||
<hr noshade width="20%">
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-changes/2001/debian-changes-200110/msg00001.html">
|
||
Details</a> of an updated webalizer package were posted on Debian Changes.
|
||
It fixes a bug whereby Webalizer stopped working on Oct 5th, 2001.
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Red Hat
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<a href="http://www.redhat.com">
|
||
Red Hat</a> have released
|
||
<a href="http://www.redhat.com/software/linux/7-2_standard.html">
|
||
Red Hat Linux 7.2</a>. Naturally, there is a
|
||
<a href="http://www.redhat.com/about/presscenter/2001/press_7-2.html">
|
||
press release</a>, with details of the new features (includes Gnome 1.4,
|
||
Nautilus, and ext3).
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">SuSE
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://www.suse.de/en">SuSE Linux</a>,
|
||
have announced
|
||
<a href="http://www.suse.de/en/products/suse_linux/i386/index.html">
|
||
SuSE Linux 7.3</a>, in both Professional and Personal editions.
|
||
Recognising security concerns SuSE Linux 7.3 offers Features include KDE
|
||
2.2.1, Linux Kernel 2.4.10 with glibc 2.2.4, an extended range of drivers
|
||
and improved USB support, with better automatic hardware detection.
|
||
|
||
<hr noshade width="20%">
|
||
|
||
<P>SuSE Linux presented the third generation of its e-mail solution at the
|
||
IT expo SYSTEMS, held in October in Munich. SuSE Linux
|
||
<a href="http://www.suse.de/en/products/suse_business/email_server/index.h">
|
||
eMail Server III</a>
|
||
is a solution for small and medium-size enterprises, dedicated workgroups
|
||
and government administrations. A new feature is
|
||
<a href="http://www.skyrix.com">Skyrix</a>
|
||
which provides calendar and scheduling functionalities for booking
|
||
appointments, rooms, or other resources.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name="commercial"></a>
|
||
<p><hr><p>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="green">Software and Product News</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Gnect
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~trmusson/gnect.html">
|
||
Gnect</a> is a theme-able "four in a row" game for GNOME. Similar to Tetris,
|
||
but the object is to get four marbles/tiles in a row in any direction
|
||
within a 7x7 grid. The tiles do not automatically descend, so there's no
|
||
time limit. You choose the column and the tile drops from the top.
|
||
License GPL, including the Velena strategy engine.
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Loki
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Courtesy of
|
||
<a href="http://slashdot.org">
|
||
Slashdot</a>, comes the news of
|
||
Loki's upcoming game:
|
||
<a href="http://www.lokigames.com/products/postal/">
|
||
Postal Plus</a>. Loki have a
|
||
<a href="http://www.lokigames.com/press/archive.php3?10082001">
|
||
press release</a> with more information.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">MOSIXVIEW Cluster Management Software
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
Matthias Rechenburg, in co-operation with the Technical University of
|
||
Jerusalem, has developed a new
|
||
Cluster-management software for Linux:
|
||
<a href="http://www.mosixview.com">
|
||
MOSIXVIEW</a>.
|
||
This software is based on the
|
||
<a href="http://www.mosix.org">MOSIX-Cluster</a> technology,
|
||
and contains some helpful, MOSIX-specific applications for
|
||
cluster-management.
|
||
MOSIXVIEW was developed to simplify management activities and provide a
|
||
graphical user-interface. You could manage a nearly infinite number of
|
||
hosts with it.
|
||
<P> MOSIXVIEW is free for download and is based on the GPL-licence model.
|
||
For more information, consult
|
||
<a href="http://www.mosixview.com">
|
||
http://www.mosixview.com</a>
|
||
or
|
||
<a href="http://www.waplocater.de/mosixview/">
|
||
http://www.waplocater.de/mosixview/</a>. Also, Linux Focus have taken a
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxfocus.org/English/November2001/article219.shtml">
|
||
look at</a>
|
||
this package.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">webMathematica Brings Computation to the Web
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://www.wolfram.com">
|
||
Wolfram Research</a>,
|
||
maker of Mathematica technical computing
|
||
software, have announced the release of
|
||
<a href="http://www.wolfram.com/webmathematica">
|
||
webMathematica</a>.
|
||
webMathematica is built on Java servlets, making it compatible
|
||
with any web server, servlet engine, or application server that
|
||
supports the Servlet 2.0 API or higher.
|
||
webMathematica is initially available for Windows
|
||
95/98/Me/NT/2000 and Intel-based Linux platforms.
|
||
webMathematica enables
|
||
users to:
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li> Build custom web sites that provide specialized calculations
|
||
<li> Compute, visualize, and analyze data using a web browser
|
||
<li> Deliver sophisticated courseware and publish interactive books
|
||
<li> Provide active functionality for technical documentation that
|
||
can be instantly updated from a centralized location
|
||
<li> Integrate computation into existing enterprise infrastructure
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">PHP Black Book, new from Coriolis
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
<a href="http://www.coriolis.com">
|
||
Coriolis</a>
|
||
will soon be releasing their first book in the
|
||
PHP field: the PHP Black
|
||
Book is a reference to the PHP open source
|
||
scripting language version 4, written by
|
||
<a href="http://www.petermoulding.com">
|
||
Peter Moulding</a>.
|
||
The book is oriented toward creating business applications, written by an
|
||
experienced author and developed as a problem-solving reference rather
|
||
than a tutorial.
|
||
The author has contributed to
|
||
<a href="http://www.phpbuilder.com">www.phpbuilder.com</a>.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Micro Sharp Technology and Astaro Firewall Partnership
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://www.netule.com">
|
||
Micro Sharp Technology</a>
|
||
have announced an agreement
|
||
with
|
||
<a href="http://www.astaro.com">
|
||
Astaro</a> to market their Firewall software product as
|
||
part of the Netule line of products. Netule is a robust, thin server
|
||
appliance solution. The OEM version will allow hardware systems builders to
|
||
supply a low cost, robust server appliance solution for small and medium
|
||
sized business.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">IMA Internet Exchange Messaging Server 5.1
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<a href="http://www.ima.com">
|
||
International Messaging Associates</a>
|
||
has just released the latest in its top Messaging
|
||
Solution - Internet Exchange Messaging Server (IEMS) 5.1.
|
||
Among other features, IEMS 5.1
|
||
has enhanced virus and spam detection control and adds an Attachment Removal
|
||
Filter Module.
|
||
In an introductory offer,
|
||
IMA is giving away 15-user licenses for free.
|
||
IEMS5.1 is interoperable in Linux and Windows and will
|
||
add support for Solaris and HP-UX by late-October.
|
||
Government and enterprises planning to shift their messaging
|
||
platform from Windows to Linux will be able to simply auto-migrate their MS
|
||
Exchange mailboxes to IEMS. IEMS 5.1 can be downloaded from
|
||
<a href="http://www.ima.com/download/v5eval.html">
|
||
http://www.ima.com/download/v5eval.html</a>.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
Copyright © 2001, Michael Conry and
|
||
the Editors of <A HREF="mailto:gazette@ssc.com"><I>Linux Gazette</I></A>.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 72 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, November 2001</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -->
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><A NAME="answer">
|
||
<img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif" alt="(?)"
|
||
border="0" align="middle">
|
||
<font color="#B03060">The Answer Gang</font>
|
||
<img src="../gx/dennis/bbubble.gif" alt="(!)"
|
||
border="0" align="middle">
|
||
</A></H1>
|
||
<BR>
|
||
<H4>By Jim Dennis, Ben Okopnik, Dan Wilder, Breen, Chris, and the Gang,
|
||
the Editors of Linux Gazette...
|
||
and You!
|
||
<br>Send questions (or interesting answers) to
|
||
<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com">linux-questions-only@ssc.com</a>
|
||
</H4>
|
||
<p><em><font color="#990000">There is no guarantee that your questions
|
||
here will <b>ever</b> be answered. Readers at confidential sites
|
||
must provide permission to publish. However, you can be published
|
||
anonymously - just let us know!
|
||
</font></em></p>
|
||
<P><A HREF="tag/bios.html">TAG member bios</A></P>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<!-- ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -->
|
||
<p><hr><p>
|
||
<H3>Contents:</H3>
|
||
<dl>
|
||
<dt><a href="#tag/greeting"
|
||
><strong>¶: Greetings From Heather Stern</strong></A></dl>
|
||
|
||
<DL>
|
||
<!-- index_text begins -->
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/1"
|
||
><img src="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>pppd problem</strong></a>
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/2"
|
||
><img src="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>getting volume label for CD</strong></a>
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/3"
|
||
><img src="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>clock problem</strong></a>
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/4"
|
||
><img src="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>Please need help !!! ext2 problem !!!</strong></a>
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/5"
|
||
><img src="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>determining screen resolution</strong></a>
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/6"
|
||
><img src="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>question on IP forwarding.</strong></a>
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/7"
|
||
><img src="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>Hi Gazette</strong></a>
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/8"
|
||
><img src="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>SCSI</strong></a>
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/9"
|
||
><img src="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>RH7.1 onThinkPad 560X cannot find ttyS00</strong></a>
|
||
<!-- index_text ends -->
|
||
</DL>
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/greeting"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/hbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(¶) " border="0"
|
||
>Greetings from Heather Stern</H3>
|
||
<!-- begin hgreeting -->
|
||
<p>
|
||
Hello everyone and welcome once more to The Answer Gang. Last month I
|
||
was quite stressed out about some overly broad attempts to curtail our
|
||
freedoms, in case "bad guys" might try to use those freedoms wickedly.
|
||
There's a thread on the topic in the
|
||
<a href="lg_mail72.html">Mailbag</a> (one reader didn't like
|
||
how I described Dmitry's case) and the <a href="lg_bytes72.html">News Bytes</a>
|
||
section has more legal details to cringe about.
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
In the mail processing space, my pet peeve of the month goes back to those
|
||
darn Quoted Printables and HTML attachments. We've gotten some Spanish
|
||
and Italian letters and those really do need to be that way. (Thanks,
|
||
we can barely recognize things in those languages, but it's so much easier
|
||
to give to the translators when it hasn't been mangled.) But all of you
|
||
english speakers need to tell your web browser to stop doing the double
|
||
mail thing. It's three or four times the bits, and the HTML is utterly
|
||
useless to my processing efforts. So do yourself a favor, and spend those
|
||
recycling electrons on something else.
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
In the real world space, well, that's it. Space, the final frontier. Do
|
||
you know that the United Nations had a holiday of their very own declared
|
||
a few years ago, called "World Space Week" ? You probably didn't. And that
|
||
would be because the television media loves to beat on one exciting story
|
||
until it's gone past "exciting" and all the way down to "wouldn't rent the
|
||
video from the cheapies rack". The paper press likes the AP wires because
|
||
they don't have to go chase stories, just reformat them a little. Where's
|
||
the real News out there? Obviously Space isn't news... since there hasn't
|
||
been another pair of feetprint on the moon since I was too young to know
|
||
what a TV was.
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
I asked the Gang, since we're a well scattered bunch, what we do to get real
|
||
news when we know we're being spoonfed "human interest" timeslices. Believe
|
||
me, this doesn't just happen to US news - editors in other countries "slant"
|
||
the stories to satisfy some invisible "market segment" instead of actually
|
||
serve up the news itself. Mike grumbled that if we got even a few articles
|
||
translated straight instead of "cleaned up to please western ideas" it
|
||
would be worth a lot more. The answers were pretty solid: we get enough
|
||
buzzwords to search on a little, then if possible, we hit the internet for
|
||
a news site in the country of origin. And we read news sites from more than
|
||
one country regularly anyway. I say "if possible" because, well, it helps
|
||
if the site offers its data in a language we can read... Here's some of
|
||
the favorites:
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Canada: <a href="http://www.globeandmail.com/">www.globeandmail.com</a>
|
||
<li>Britain: <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/">news.bbc.co.uk</a>, the BBC
|
||
<li>Britain: <a href="http://www.the-times.co.uk/"
|
||
>www.the-times.co.uk</a>, the Times
|
||
<li>USA: <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/"
|
||
>www.nytimes.com</a>, New York Times Online
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Breen adds the valuable comment that we must apply approrpriate filters
|
||
as we read - consider the source, and what things they will prefer to bias
|
||
towards. People will express their preferences; the corporate entity in
|
||
charge of the paper will have its say in peer pressure and even just the
|
||
headlines they choose. Still, "the problem with too much of the American
|
||
press is that they apply the filter '> /dev/null' to nearly all foreign
|
||
news. If I never see the news at all it doesn't matter what the perspective
|
||
of the publisher is."
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>So now I'll turn away from the social ill of talking about newsmen instead
|
||
of coming up with some news, or failing that, something to talk about and
|
||
get people thinking.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>I started getting interested in CAD a while back. Maybe
|
||
I'll design my own little space capsule, plan that back patio we're going to
|
||
put some changes in... someday ... or speculate on where the new "Enterprise"
|
||
keeps the bathroom. Unfortunately for me, CAD tools for Linux come in four
|
||
categories:
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>Cirvuitboard design. Must be everybody's first project in the second
|
||
year of college. There are lots of these.
|
||
<li>Poor excuses for MSwin paintbrush. Obviously started in a jolt cola
|
||
moment but not finished in a weekend and therefore never finished.
|
||
<li>Think I'm already a masters degree in drafting, so I understand all their
|
||
widgets and dots without docs.
|
||
<li>support tools for 3d modelers, mostly experienced ones.
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
<p>Now sadly, this means I can't give it the fun "unusability test" romp that
|
||
I did to word processors a while back. While I'm not an utter babe in the
|
||
woods* in this space, I'd have to say my skills are... well, rustier than my
|
||
Spanish, at least I see that once in a while. But circuitry is not even in
|
||
my scope, if they are trying to be paintbrush I can do better with The Gimp,
|
||
and for the other two, yes darnit, I'm going to need those docs translated
|
||
down a notch or two, or find where they stashed the glossary. Category 3
|
||
looks like it will suit me best, and by the time I can use it, the 3d stuff
|
||
will be fun. But for right now, all I wanted was some ways to stick to a
|
||
grid and drop little "tree" "wall" and "door" icons among my distance marks.
|
||
Dia is starting to look good; as soon as I can grok its XML symbol language
|
||
(anybody have a Gimp plugin for these things? xfig conversions? anything?)
|
||
maybe I'll feed it some really weird stuff and start layout out D&D
|
||
wizards' halls again.
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
If you're working on a CAD project out there, I have a hint for you: if it
|
||
remains easier to do all this on ten-to-the-inch grid paper, I'm not going
|
||
to be using your stuff. Also, I've not a fear about buying software that does
|
||
things well, but I'm not an aircraft design shop, you can't be charging me
|
||
omegabucks** to see if I can plot out my garden better before springtime, and
|
||
you're not going to get me to pay you to discover I can't figure you out. So
|
||
for you commercial types, I recommend making the quickstart guides available
|
||
for taste testing. In fact you should <em>have</em>*** quickstart guides,
|
||
that put you through putting some sample item or place together. For you
|
||
free-world coders, get some first year drafting students to try and make
|
||
sense of that gibberish;
|
||
anytime they say "huh?" treat it as a bug just as serious as broken menu
|
||
items. We can only draft when our mechanical pencil actually has lead in
|
||
it...</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>Hmm, there's a fellow who mentioned he's got a new documentation site up
|
||
(mentioned in the mailbag this month); time for me to see what he has lying
|
||
around in the category!</p>
|
||
|
||
<dl>
|
||
<dt>*I used to help my Dad design scoutships for our Traveller games.
|
||
<dt>**omegabucks:
|
||
I just made that up. Lots of dollars including my last one.
|
||
<dt>*** to be fair some do... so if you don't your competitors are
|
||
already ahead by one.
|
||
</dl>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end hgreeting -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/1"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 1 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>pppd problem</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From pclouds
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<p></strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><strong>Answered By Mike "Iron" Orr, Mike Ellis
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Hi people
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I try to connect to my isp using pppd:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<pre><strong>pppd /dev/ttyS4 connect "chat -V " ATZ OK ATM0 OK ATDT1260 CONNECT" modem
|
||
defaultroute crtscts -detach
|
||
</strong></pre>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
It saids:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<pre><strong>ATZ
|
||
OK
|
||
ATM0
|
||
OK
|
||
ATDT1260
|
||
CONNECTSerial connection established.
|
||
Using interface ppp0
|
||
Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/ttyS4
|
||
Serial line is looped back.
|
||
Connection terminated.
|
||
</strong></pre>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I use modem Motorola SM56. <TT>/dev/ttyS4</TT> is a symbolic link to <TT>/dev/sm56</TT> (created
|
||
by the modem).
|
||
I can connect to that isp using rp3 with no problem.
|
||
What is "Serial line is looped back"?
|
||
Help me!
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Thanks very much.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Iron]
|
||
It means it tried to contact the remote server, but ended up contacting
|
||
itself instead. I haven't used ppp for years, so
|
||
I don't remember the solution. Either there's a line crossed in your
|
||
serial cable (unlikely), or there's some option you add or remove in
|
||
the config fie. Check the docs for "looped back", "server" and "master".
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Maybe one of the other Answer Gang members can reply better.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike E]
|
||
Good morning!
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
My guess is that you're seeing the login sequence of your ISP, some of
|
||
which echo your username back to you. When the PPP daemon starts, it
|
||
sends some strange characters to your ISP, which dutifully echos them back
|
||
to you confusing pppd into thinking that it's talking to itself.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
The command you quoted will get 'chat' to do the actual dialing, but as
|
||
soon as your modem has connected to the remote modem, 'chat' will exit and
|
||
the pppd will expect a PPP connection to be in place. What you need to do
|
||
is get chat to do a little more work to log you in to your ISP: I'd
|
||
suggest you try starting pppd using a modified command line, for example:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>pppd /dev/ttyS4 connect "chat -V " ATZ OK ATM0 OK ATDT1260 CONNECT ogin
|
||
<yourlogin> assword <yourpassword>" modem defaultroute crtscts -detach
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
(I probably don't need to say this, but just in case, substitute your ISP
|
||
account name for <yourlogin> and your password for <yourpassword>...)
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Notice that I've deliberately used "ogin" and "assword" since it's not
|
||
certain whether you will see "login" or "Login" and 'chat' is case-sensitive.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
It is definitely worth checking with your ISP for their exact login
|
||
sequence: the one I've shown is a very general one and may well not work
|
||
exactly as given. I use Demon in the UK and they have an excellent on-line
|
||
helpdesk - have a look at
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.demon.net/helpdesk/general/connscp.shtml"
|
||
>http://www.demon.net/helpdesk/general/connscp.shtml</A> for an excellent
|
||
example of how their login sequence works - Demon support protocols other
|
||
than PPP, so have to query the protocol to use too. Although Demon don't
|
||
give detailed help for Linux setup, they do provide all the information
|
||
you need and several newsgroups to help users too. Hopefully your ISP will
|
||
be similarly helpful...
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Incidentally, more and more ISPs are now moving away from "scripted clear
|
||
text password login" to CHAP or PAP based login sequences. These don't
|
||
send your password in cleartext, and also re-validate your credentials
|
||
periodically. However, I have no first-hand experience of these, so over
|
||
to another Gang member...
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Cheers
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Thanks for your help.
|
||
I have resolved this problem. Because i missed user & remotename options, so the
|
||
PAP authentication was not completed. I guess that ppp on the isp was terminated
|
||
then, and all messages sent by my pppd was sent back.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 1 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/2"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 2 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>getting volume label for CD</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Richard A. Bray
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<p></strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><strong>Answered By Karl-Heinz Herrmann, John Karns, Jim Dennis
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I'm still trying to figure out how I would find the volume name for a CD. I
|
||
want to catalog a large collection of CDs, but I need to get the name for
|
||
my database records.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I created the CDs with the command
|
||
mkisofs -r -J -D -V "cd-name" -o <TT>/data/cd.iso</TT> -pad <TT>/data/data_dir</TT>
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I can see the volume name in Mickeysoft Windoze. How do I get it in Linux?
|
||
I've looked in <TT>/proc</TT>, tried hdparm and others.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
thanks,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
--
|
||
Richard A. Bray
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [K.-H.]
|
||
So the volume label is burned ok. Linux just doesn't care what the CD is named.
|
||
Why should it? You tell it where to make the cd content available in the
|
||
directory structure by giving it the mount point.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
If you <EM>want</EM> to know how it is named you can try using cdrecord -v 127 -toc
|
||
or something like that. This will work for audio (look in the XYZ.inf files)
|
||
but I don't know for data CD's.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [John]
|
||
I believe that many of the Linux audio cd player apps display this info.
|
||
Workbone is one, IIRC.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Jim Dennis]
|
||
Karl's suggestion should work, but if the CD device is IDE, you'll have
|
||
to load the generic SCSI support first.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 2 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/3"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 3 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>clock problem</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From tony
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<p></strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><strong>Answered By Thomas Adam, Ben Okopnik, Mike Orr, Mike Ellis
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I cant't seem to work this one out!!!!
|
||
On my RedHat 6.1 Linux box, my system time is set to local time and
|
||
hardware clock is set to UTC.
|
||
These times appear to be OK.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
Why not set both to local time? This is one of the things that I idly
|
||
fiddle with occasionally, and have not seen any bad effects from either
|
||
method. Yes, the One True Unix Way is for the hardware clock to be set to
|
||
UTC... but I don't pay it much mind, especially when it gets in my way.
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
Besides, if you've got a dual-boot system, poor lil' Windows gets all
|
||
confused about UTC anyway.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Whenever I save a file, then do an ls -l, the file time shows UTC.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Everything else, logs, etc. show local time.
|
||
I am running ntpd, and this keeps the hardware clock OK.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
Just remember to run
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote><CODE>
|
||
hwclock --adjust
|
||
</CODE></blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
once in a while. That way, after a couple of months, you can even turn off
|
||
"ntpd" - and your system will keep perfect time (I think that a max deviation
|
||
of one second in two or three months can be considered "perfect".) See the
|
||
discussion in the "hwclock" manpage, and read about "<TT>/etc/adjtime</TT>".
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
I have a link from <TT>/etc/localtime</TT> to <TT>/usr/share/zoneinfo.</TT>
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I have looked up numerous web sites about the clock system, but none
|
||
have helped me.
|
||
Any pointers in the right direction would be appreciated.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Thanks,
|
||
Tony Ellem
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Thomas]
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Have you tried reading the clock-howto from the LDP
|
||
<www.linuxdocs.org>???
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
What happens if you type in the following (as root):
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote><CODE>
|
||
hwclock -W
|
||
</CODE></blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
Baldur:~# hwclock -W
|
||
unrecognized option `-W'
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
The short options for "hwclock" are "-[rwsavuD]", and the odd "-[AJSF]" for
|
||
DEC Alphas. What is it that you were trying to do? "hwclock -D" (debug),
|
||
maybe? I'm afraid that wouldn't be of much use: what the querent needs is a
|
||
usage methodology rather than a fix for something that's broken.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Chris G.]
|
||
Hi Ben,
|
||
This is not a challenge, but an observation that I have made. I used to
|
||
set my real time clock to local time, but for some reason, the daylight
|
||
savings time adjustment did not automatically occur.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I had to set my real time clock to UTC for things to work properly. I
|
||
use the <A HREF="http://www.suse.com/">SuSE</A> 6.4 distribution (2.2.14 kernel), and maybe there exists
|
||
some sort of constraint with my distribution -- I don't know. Did you
|
||
ever hear this crazy story before?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Regards,
|
||
Chris Gianakopoulos
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
Actually, I'm not sure by what mechanism that _is_ supposed to happen
|
||
automatically - it never did for me whether I was using UTC or local. I
|
||
just gave up and put it in 'cron'.
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Chris]
|
||
Hmmm. That makes sense (the cron job).
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike Orr]
|
||
It's supposed to be encoded in the timezone entry. It seems to be
|
||
a hit or miss thing whether it actually adjusts on the right day--
|
||
sometimes it does, sometimes it doesn't.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
BTW, daylight savings time does not apply to UTC. UTC is always
|
||
sun time. But the Pacific time zone is always the same distance behind
|
||
UK time, because UK time does move with daylight savings time.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
When I was in Russia in 95 or 96, it was right when Russia was
|
||
changing from the Soviet schedule for daylight savings to the western
|
||
schedule. The Soviet schedule was a few weeks earlier, because it
|
||
was early October when it happened.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Let's take a poll Monday and see how many clocks went back and how
|
||
many didn't...
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<TABLE WIDTH="95%" BORDER="1" BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC"><TR><TD>
|
||
<p align="center">...............</p>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
My computer did all right.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Faber]
|
||
Interestingly, my main tower (running RH7.1) did, but my laptop (also
|
||
running RH7.1) didn't. :-?
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Chris]
|
||
OK, OK. My Linux system advanced to daylight savings time. However...
|
||
first I thought it retarded back to nondaylight... but paying closer
|
||
attention, I appeared to have advanced an additional hour. I'm trying
|
||
another timezone setting (US/Central), and I'll see what happens next
|
||
time.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
P.S. My <A HREF="http://www.freebsd.org/">FreeBSD</A> machine did work all right.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Frank]
|
||
As did my Mandrake 7.2 machine - with hardware clock set to UTC.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
My other machine, running Mandrake 8.0 - with hardware clock set to
|
||
local time - did not adjust though... Oh well, just meant I had to help
|
||
the computer a bit...
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=";)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
Mine was set to do it at midnight tonight; I've just set it back a day and
|
||
did a manual adjustment. If it wasn't for youse guys, I wouldn't have had
|
||
to do <EM>all</EM> <EM>that</EM> <EM>work</EM>... I'm suffering. No, really.
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike Ellis]
|
||
Mine four did OK too...
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
RH7.1 24x7
|
||
RH7.1 dual-boot
|
||
RH7.0 24x7
|
||
RH7.2 laptop
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
(my Solaris 8 box did OK as well, but somehow that seems less relevant...)
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather]
|
||
We weren't paying close attention here to the Linux boxen, we have SuSE 7.1
|
||
and <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</A>, they all seemed fine. What we did notice is that the cable box
|
||
and cellphone couldn't manage to agree, and I think the Token Windows Laptop
|
||
flipped over early. Of course, we had to tweak the coffeepot on our own.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Breen]
|
||
My clock rolled forward correctly. A side effect was that a few jobs
|
||
that run out of my crontab ran twice - I had them scheduled to run
|
||
at 0100 on Sundays. I should probably change that before next
|
||
October...
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike Ellis]
|
||
I'd fix it by March, or they might not run at all!
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
P.S. 01:00 doesn't exist on March 31st 2002 as the clocks roll from
|
||
00:59:59 to 02:00:00 when "summer time" begins again - roll on March 31st!
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Breen]
|
||
Erm -- right you are! Maybe I should just do it right now?
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Thanks!
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Thomas]
|
||
My clock is shafted. For some reason, my laptop thinks
|
||
that it is 29 February 1909 !?! 1909 wasn't even a
|
||
leap year!!
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> Don't you just love technology???
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
Especially when it comes from... <cue the music>
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<Rod Serling voice> The Twilight Zone. </RSv>
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT="<grin>"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Is that what your 'top _switched_ to as a result of Daylight Wasting Time,
|
||
or is that just what your date happens to be set to randomly? And what does
|
||
your "hwclock" say? All sorts of odd things can happen with clock
|
||
settings... pardon me, <EM>will</EM> happen with clock settings if "<TT>/etc/adjtime</TT>"
|
||
is messed up. Read the "hwclock" man page (this usually leads, in one easy
|
||
step, to deleting "<TT>/etc/adjtime</TT>" and re-running "hwclock --set ...", etc.)
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Thomas]
|
||
I am always setting my hardware clock, thus:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><CODE>
|
||
hwclock --set --date="/12/12/year 12:12:12"
|
||
</CODE></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
(changing the appropriate values).
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
Did you read up on the "--badyear" switch in "hwclock"?
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Hmm. That might contribute to the problem. The only time you want to
|
||
actually use "hwclock" to set the time is a) initially, and b) when you
|
||
figure it's been long enough that the correction factor (1 second per
|
||
<interval>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=";)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> is sufficiently exact for your purposes. The second time is
|
||
also when you want to run "hwclock --adjust", right after you set it. The
|
||
problem is that running "hwclock --set" twiddles "<TT>/etc/adjtime</TT>" - and all
|
||
you really want in there is a correction factor for your drift rate.
|
||
Otherwise, it's best to use "date -s" - I do it all the time, since I'm
|
||
constantly shifting time zones; this does not mess with "<TT>/etc/adjtime</TT>".
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
In fact, here's a nifty little script that does this for me:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<p align="center">See attached <tt><a href="misc/tag/zaptime.pl.txt">zaptime.pl.txt</a></tt></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Thomas]
|
||
However the rate of drift on my laptop clock is
|
||
enormous. I think my BIOS clock needs fixing. The poor
|
||
things been living in Victorian times for the last
|
||
year now.....
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
The usual reason for the drift rate zooming out of sight is a CMOS battery
|
||
that's going bad. I've probably seen that happen two dozen times or more
|
||
over the years.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<p align="center">...............</p>
|
||
</TD></TR></TABLE>
|
||
<!-- end 3 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/4"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 4 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Please need help !!! ext2 problem !!!</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Angel Lacal
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<p></strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><strong>Answered By Thomas Adam, Mike Orr, John Karns, Heather Stern
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Please, please, help me... I'm desperated !!!!!!!!!
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Thomas]
|
||
Have some coffee, that always helps
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
I was shutting down our officce server this evening when I realised that
|
||
samba daemon didn't stopped fine...
|
||
I boot up again when I saw the problem... A Windows 2000 PC of my offcie was
|
||
still ON and connected to the server !!!!!!
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Thomas]
|
||
It would be if the samba daemon (smbd) did not "shut
|
||
down" as you say
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
We have three IDE disk
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><em><font color="#000033"><br>hda: It's the boot disk
|
||
<br>hdc: It's the disk where we work
|
||
<br>hdd: It's a disk where we make the backups.
|
||
</font></em></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Problem: The backup was unfinshed... so it was completely unusable.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
You'll have to delete the backup and run it again.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
To protect against problems like this in the future, consider a journalling
|
||
filesystem. In a journalling filesystem like ext3 and ReiserFS, there's a
|
||
separate file where the filesystem logs every action before it does it. Then,
|
||
if the computer gets shut down or crashes between steps or in the middle of a
|
||
step, on the next boot, it can use the journal to continue where it left off.
|
||
See the article <A HREF="../issue68/dellomodarme.html"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue68/dellomodarme.html</A>
|
||
for more information. Ext3 claims to be backwards compatible with ext2, and is
|
||
more mature now than when the article was written. Nevertheless, you may want
|
||
to experiment with a journalling filesystem on a test machine first to get
|
||
used to it before putting it on your production server.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather]
|
||
You might also consider forms of backups which are not complete copies of the
|
||
filesystem... since the point is about recovery. Sure it makes things speedier
|
||
if you can just drop a fresh drive into place, but it all depends. A copy of
|
||
a well-configured kickstart floppy or 'dpkg --get-selections' list, and
|
||
backups of the couple of dozen textfiles you had to tweak as a sysadmin before
|
||
things were ready to start filling with data, can reduce the size of your
|
||
regular backup tapes or cdrw media-packs to something much easier to cart
|
||
around.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Problem2: After advising I had unconsistency problems, I logged as root and
|
||
run e2fsck:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><code><font color="#000033"><br> e2fsck /dev/hdd
|
||
</font></code></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
GOD !!! It was full of bad Inodes, references, duplicates... etc...
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Thomas]
|
||
Umm, definate data corruption. A pity that you did not
|
||
post us a sample of "ls -al" command. I would have
|
||
been interested in it.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Problem3: I began to run e2fsck over <TT>/dev/hdc</TT> .... AND THE SAME THING !!! I
|
||
CTRL-C ... just when it started... What do I do now ??????
|
||
Continue with e2fsck ??? Or try other thing ???
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><code><font color="#000033"><br>********** !!! WAIT !!! WAIT !!! WAIT !!! ******************
|
||
<br>*********** MAYDAY, MAYDAY!!!!! ****************************
|
||
</font></code></blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
You do <EM>NOT</EM> run fsck on entire drives (<TT>/dev/hdc</TT>, <TT>/dev/hdd</TT>).
|
||
YOu run it on <EM>PARTITIONS</EM> (<TT>/dev/hdc1</TT>, <TT>/dev/hdd5</TT>, etc).
|
||
Unless you've set up the entire drive as a single partition
|
||
without a partition table, which is not normally done.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Of course, with floppies the partition and the drive are the
|
||
same thing, since floppies don't have partition tables, but
|
||
we're talking about hard disks.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Thomas]
|
||
ERrr... Mmmm... yeah... I discovered that later... but, well... at last I
|
||
noticed my fault and could save the partition with the
|
||
superblocks-secret-position gently given by mke2fs... heheehehe--
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [John]
|
||
man fsck>
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
In actuality, fsck is simply a front-end for the various
|
||
file system checkers (fsck.fstype) available under Linux.
|
||
The file system-specific checker is searched for in <TT>/sbin</TT>
|
||
first, then in <TT>/etc/fs</TT> and <TT>/etc</TT>, and finally in the direc-
|
||
tories listed in the PATH environment variable. Please
|
||
see the file system-specific checker manual pages for fur-
|
||
ther details.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
So it wouldn't give any different results than e2fsck, since it would be
|
||
running e2fsck.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
It seems the partition is broken... The disk can't be mounted obviouesly...
|
||
What can I do ??????
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
PLEASE, PLEASE, PLEASE.... I'm desperated !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
|
||
HELP ME !!!!!!!!!
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
Continue with fsck. That will get the partitions in a consistent state so
|
||
that you can determine what is intact and what has been lost. Most of the
|
||
time, fsck can fully repair things.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather]
|
||
I can vouch for that. One time Jim Dennis, who wasn't yet the famous
|
||
Answer Guy at the time, <EM>really</EM> mangled a drive by, ummm, telling X to
|
||
use the drive controllers memory as video controller memory. Darn typos.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
Like when Linus told his terminal emulator to dial his hard drive...
|
||
that's what motivated him to implement file permissions in Linux.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather]
|
||
Anyways, he fsck'd it over and over because it was still fixing things. In
|
||
6 passes - the system was actually, to our shock, almost usable. Please
|
||
don't try to repeat that at home, kids... unless you enjoy breaking things
|
||
horribly.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
Sometimes it will put recovered files in <TT>/MOUNT_POINT/lost+found</TT> with filenames
|
||
like "#12345" (since the original path/filename has been lost). If you get
|
||
files like that, you'll have to determine whether they are worth keeping (they
|
||
may be temporary files you don't care about), whether they are complete, and
|
||
what their proper paths/filenames are.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Fortunately, another part of fsck gives a clue as to what the original
|
||
filenames are. For every recovered file, there's an orphaned directory entry
|
||
somewhere that's no longer attached to any file. Fsck will report these as
|
||
"link count is wrong for file FILENAME, is 1, should be 0" or something like
|
||
that, and will adjust the link count and/or delete the filename.
|
||
Write down the
|
||
filenames-without-files it reports, and use that list as you go through the
|
||
lost+found files. Reconstruct the original files as best you can, and move them
|
||
back to their original places.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Normally, you don't have to deal with lost+found files at all, and it's even
|
||
less common for them to contain important data. In your case, I can't tell
|
||
whether the errors you describe are an ordinary fsck or something especially
|
||
severe. It really depends on the quantity of errors. Here's a rundown of
|
||
the most common errors (from memory):
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
"Deleted inode has zero dtime." -> unimportant.
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
"link count wrong for file FILENAME" -> may or may not be important.
|
||
The filesystem has to modify the file itself (the inode) and the filename (a
|
||
directory entry) separately, so the crash happened between the two steps.
|
||
Fsck prefers to preserve data, so it usually does the right thing. You'll
|
||
probably find that your file still exists under one of its names at least
|
||
(or as a lost+found file), and then it'll just be a matter of redoing links to
|
||
it that you already created or deleted.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
"block bitmap differences." -> a few of these are common. If you get
|
||
hundreds of them, I would be concerned. However, often it will correct those
|
||
hundreds and you'll never have trouble with them again. It all depends on what
|
||
caused the differences, which is something fsck doesn't know.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
There are other common errors, but I can't remember them offhand.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
After fsck successfully completes, run it again to look for more errors.
|
||
Continue running it until you get the "clean" message, then run "fsck -f"
|
||
once more. (The "-f" option forces fsck to run, even if it doesn't think it
|
||
needs to.) Repeat for your other ext2 partitions.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [John]
|
||
If it were me in that situation and the data was very critical, I would
|
||
use dd to do a raw copy of the partitions to another media, either tape or
|
||
another disk with sufficient capacity to hold the data. Then run the
|
||
e2fsck, but perhaps specifying an alternate superblock with the -b option.
|
||
See man e2fsck for more details.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Then if e2fsck fails to fix the problem satisfactorily, you would at least
|
||
have the option of restoring from the dd dump and trying other options.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><em><font color="#000033"><br>... our reader replies ...
|
||
</font></em></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Thanks a lot for your VERY helpfull information,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
And thank YOU for telling us what succeeded. It would make an
|
||
excellent 2-Cent Tip if it weren't already being formatted as an Answer Gang
|
||
thread.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
We're planning to switch to
|
||
ext3, because we have a lot of theese errors because win2K + linux-samba is
|
||
a risky situation.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
I just saw yesterday afternoon that <A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat</A> 7.2 is out, and its default
|
||
filesystem is ext3. That may encourage other distributions to switch too.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Ah... at last I could repair my damaged filesystem... Want to know how... At
|
||
the deepest state of my desperation I "mke2fs" the backup disk... And then I
|
||
saw the light. Both damaged disk were very likely each other, and when I
|
||
formatted the backup disk, mke2fs gave me the clue: THE POSITION OF THE
|
||
[SECRET REBEL BASE] BACKUP SUPERBLOCKS !!!!
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
They weren't at 8193 as docs said, nor 32 as Linux Unleashed claims. They
|
||
were at 32XXX, 9XXXX, 12XXXX (I don't remmember the exact numbers) and so
|
||
on...
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
So I tried directly to "fsck -b [One of those superblock positions] -n
|
||
<TT>/dev/hdc1</TT>" ...
|
||
I checked out that most of the Inode messages dissapeared.
|
||
So I decide to run fsck without -n and pray.
|
||
GOD !!! IT WORKED !!!
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
But I had a little problem... Those Inode tables presumebly "repaired" by
|
||
fsck in the first and stopped round where lost. But it was a minor problem.
|
||
The very rest of the disk was recovered.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
So a little moral for this fary tale:
|
||
NEVER run fsck when the system ask you to.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
Normally, running fsck <EM>is</EM> what people want to do. Your case was
|
||
unusual.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather]
|
||
fsck was wanted, but you needed the "secret rebel base" parameters to
|
||
use a superblock that hadn't yet been afflicted by the reformatting side
|
||
of The Force.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
FIRST ask the people who knows something about filesystems.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
Or at least, people who have run fsck many times and know what the
|
||
typical errors are like, and what is a typical quantity of errors.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
SECOND find all the information about your HD and run fsck with -n option
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
THREE weigh up the consequences.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
FOUR back your disk up with "dd" and mount the back up as loop
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
I sometimes suggest people back up their disk with dd
|
||
(dd if=/dev/hda of=/some/file/on/another/partition)
|
||
but people usually say they don't have enough disk space for it.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather]
|
||
Which question really comes down to, how important is that data to you,
|
||
really? One customer I had was very desperate - and there sure wasn't
|
||
room to spare - we sent it up an ssh pipe to another system, while booted
|
||
off of a mini-distro. Besides, if you can't trust the local hard disk...
|
||
you're going to put the bits on the local hard disk? Maybe not!
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
FIVE... GO FOR IT !
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Thanks for your attention.
|
||
A happy user.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 4 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/5"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 5 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>determining screen resolution</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Bob Krovetz
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<p></strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><strong>Answered By Thomas Adams, Karl-Heinz Herrmann, Dominik Vogt (from the FVWM list)
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I'm using RedHat 6.2 and the fvwm2 window manager.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Thomas]
|
||
Hello,
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
I have CC'ed this e-mail to the FVWM2 Mailing List
|
||
(of which I am a member). They might also be able to
|
||
help --
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
In my fvwm2rc
|
||
file I tell the system where to put my calendar, browser, and other
|
||
windows on my desktop. I specify the locations and the size of the windows.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Thomas]
|
||
What you mean is, you use specify the geometry. I
|
||
would recommend putting these in your $HOME/.Xdefaults
|
||
file (often symlinked to $HOME/.Xresources).
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
If I switch to a different display with a lower screen resolution then these
|
||
values will be inappropriate. Is there a way to get the screen resolution
|
||
so that I can scale the values appropriately?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Thanks,
|
||
Bob
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Thomas]
|
||
Yes, there is, but you'll have to do it manually if
|
||
you are switching to a higher/lower resolution.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
If you do this switching by using the Alt-Ctrl-Keypad + or - he resolution
|
||
will change but <EM>not</EM> the screen size. You will get a virtual screen size
|
||
(visual in XF86Config) of your maximum resolutin (i.e. if you run your max
|
||
resolution everything will be visible at once, on lower resolutions you will
|
||
have to scroll around on the screen).
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
In this case the placement and size of windows can stay the same.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
I switched screen several times in the past and in that case I changed the
|
||
max. resolution and therefore the actual virtual screen sizes. I had to
|
||
change the settings in .fvwm2rc and/or .Xdefaults to get a good placement of
|
||
the initial startup windows again.
|
||
I don't know of a way to automatize this, something like "one xterm half
|
||
screen width at the left screen edge" would sure be nice -- unless that would
|
||
be too small.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [from Fvwm List -- Dominik Vogt]
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
In 2.4.x, you can use $[vp.width] and $[vp.height]
|
||
to get the screen's (viewport's) dimensions.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Bye
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Dominik ^_^ ^_^
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
I was thinking in particular about a switch between a desktop machine
|
||
and a laptop. I can use a different .fvwm2rc and .Xdefaults file for
|
||
the two machines, but it would be nice to have one set of files for both.
|
||
It would also be nice to have the display reconfigured when I use
|
||
Alt-ctrl + or -. Even if the screen initially doesn't look right, if
|
||
the fvwm2rc file is based on using the screen resolution then I can
|
||
just restart the window-manager.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 5 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/6"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 6 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>question on IP forwarding.</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Jessie Kom
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<p></strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><strong>Answered By Mike Orr
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I have a RedHat Linux 6.2 machine. One of the network
|
||
card (Eth0 eg. 192.168.10.1) is connected to my
|
||
private network (consisting of a FTP server and 2 pc).
|
||
Another network card (Eth1 eg. 203.173.161.*) is
|
||
connected to the internet. How do I make my FTP server
|
||
accessible from other pcs in the internet and make pcs
|
||
in my private network access the internet?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
Are you using kernel 2.2 or 2.4? 2.2 uses ipchains, 2.4 uses iptables.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Hi,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I'm not sure, according to the RedHat site, it says 6.2 uses kernel 2.2.*,
|
||
so I assumed mine is 2.2.*.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
So how do I make use of ipchain?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
With Best Regards,
|
||
Jessie Kom
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<HR width="10%" align="left"><P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Hi,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I've figured it out already! Thanks for helping anyway!
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
With Best Regards,
|
||
Jessie Kom
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
... but for those of you loyal readers following along ...
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
(Hint: you need both IP Masquerading and IP forwarding configured, and
|
||
the kernel options for those enabled.)
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 6 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/7"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 7 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Hi Gazette</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Internet
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<p></strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><strong>Answered By Mike Orr, Breen Mullins, Heather Stern
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Hi maybe you can help me I need to create a group with some users
|
||
inside,
|
||
and with the name of this group send to only one address mail, and the
|
||
mail
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
come to the users that I registered in the group.
|
||
The majordomo-1.94. is not the solution for me.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Tnx..
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Gracias...
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
atte.: César Dí@z M.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
Why is majordomo-1.94 not the solution? What is it doing wrong?
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
There are other mailing-list managers such as Mailman
|
||
(<A HREF="http://www.list.org"
|
||
>http://www.list.org</A>). However, without knowing why you don't
|
||
like Majordomo, we don't know whether Mailman would be any better
|
||
for you.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [star]
|
||
There are about a gazillion mailing list managers, all aimed at different
|
||
special requirements...
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
For example, some which are aimed to be administered at a web interface
|
||
only. Not that I think that's terribly secure, but...
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Anyways if you type "mailing list" into the search index gadget at the top
|
||
of <A HREF="http://www.freshmeat.net/">Freshmeat</A> (<A HREF="http://freshmeat.net"
|
||
>http://freshmeat.net</A>) you'll find more than you have any idea
|
||
what to do with.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
The easiest way to maintain a small mailing list is to add an alias
|
||
in <TT>/etc/aliases:</TT>
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>listname: member1@site.com, member2@site.com, member3@site.com
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Then you don't need a mailing-list manager at all. Just send mail
|
||
to listname, and it will go to all the members. Of course, you'll
|
||
have to edit the aliases file manually to add or delete addresses.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Remember that certain main transport agents require you to run a
|
||
program after modifying <TT>/etc/aliases.</TT> With Postfix, the command
|
||
is "postalias <TT>/etc/aliases</TT>". Exim doesn't have a command to run.
|
||
Sendmail has a command whose name I don't know.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Breen]
|
||
/usr/bin/newaliases
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [star]
|
||
(It's also worth noting that with Postfix, "newaliases" also does
|
||
the right thing, to be friendly for sendmail users.)
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
You can mention aliases inside each other:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>wendy_in_hr: miz_wendy, wendy_hr@example.org
|
||
john_vp_eng: john, john_bossman@example.org
|
||
jobs: wendy_in_hr, john_vp_eng
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
As long as you don't care that when Wendy and John reply to the email,
|
||
the addresses they are replying from get revealed, this works fine, and
|
||
might even be prefereable to "full flavored" mailing list software.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
When it gets large and you need to convert up to list software, consider
|
||
Smartlist; that's its specialty.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><em><font color="#000033"><br>... César went and banged on it for a little while...
|
||
</font></em></blockquote>
|
||
<p><strong>
|
||
Hi again Gazette: I have attemp that you wrote in the last mail, and was
|
||
successful. Thanks.... but now I have another trouble..How can I restrict
|
||
that address mail??? I want to give permissions to send to that address only
|
||
by some users the "Adminsitrator" for example, and other users can<61>t send or
|
||
reply or forward mails to that address, only who I decide.
|
||
Thanks for your answers .
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<p><strong>
|
||
César Díaz.
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
You attempted what? Adding an alias in <TT>/etc/aliases?</TT>
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Using the alias strategy, you cannot restrict who sends the message.
|
||
Aliases are for convenience, not control.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
You could try to do some trickery with your mail transfer agent or
|
||
procmail, but for restricted lists, you're better off using a
|
||
mailing-list program.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Why didn't majordomo work for you? You still haven't said.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
If you want us to help, we need to know <EM>all</EM> the requirements.
|
||
Who may post, who may subscribe, whether the list is announcement-only
|
||
or for discussions, etc.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Thanks for your help: In acord with your answer I think so we have to use a
|
||
list manger like majordomo or mailman but really i`m beginner with redhat
|
||
and appear some messages when i try to install .....ok no exactly when I
|
||
install .....for example I use the "manager package" when select the
|
||
majordomo and begin the installation but send a message "Error" so the
|
||
instalation isn`t seccesfull .
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I attempted with a secodn option The Mailman..but was the error and try with
|
||
text mode ( console) and the installation run well but I can`t see an icon
|
||
or signal to configure it.....
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Iwas checking in red hat`s site and attemp this 3 instructions.... but I
|
||
can to do it work
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000033"><br> Summary: Mailing list manager with built in web access.
|
||
<br> Description: Mailman is software to help manage email discussion
|
||
<br>lists, much like
|
||
<br>Majordomo and Smartmail. Unlike most similar products, Mailman gives
|
||
<br>each mailing list a web page, and allows users to subscribe,
|
||
<br>unsubscribe, etc. over the web. Even the list manager can administer
|
||
<br>his or her list entirely from the web. Mailman also integrates most
|
||
<br>things people want to do with mailing lists, including archiving, mail
|
||
<br><-> news gateways, and so on.
|
||
<br>
|
||
<br>When the mailman package has finished installing, you will need to:
|
||
<br>1.-* run /var/mailman/bin/mmsitepass
|
||
<br> to create the mailman administrator password
|
||
<br>2.-* edit /var/mailman/Mailman/mm_cfg.py
|
||
<br> to customize mailman's configuration for your site
|
||
<br>3.-* add these lines:
|
||
<br> ScriptAlias /mailman/ /var/mailman/cgi-bin/
|
||
<br> Alias /pipermail/ /var/mailman/archives/public/
|
||
<br> Options +FollowSymlinks
|
||
<br> to /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf to configure your web server.
|
||
<br>Users upgrading from previous releases of this package will need to
|
||
<br>move their data or adjust the configuration files to point to the
|
||
<br>locations where their data is.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
.....really I would like to work with majordomo but when I open the
|
||
majordomo section appear a message like this...
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000033"><br>Your majordomo version is not supported by Webmin. Only versions 1.94 and
|
||
above are supported.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I don<6F>t know why appear this message if i install
|
||
majordomo-1.94.4-7.i386.rpm after I find 1.94.5-2.i386 and try to install
|
||
but send a message that find a conflict with th mailman.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
What can I do.??????????
|
||
Cesar Diaz
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Thanks for your time to answer me.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
I'm having difficulty understanding what the error is. I'm Cc'ing
|
||
our Spanish translators:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
Felipe Barousse <<A HREF="mailto:fbarousse@piensa.com"
|
||
>fbarousse@piensa.com</A>>
|
||
Rory Krause <<A HREF="mailto:rory@ssc.com"
|
||
>rory@ssc.com</A>>
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Can you explain the problem to them in Spanish? Then they can translate
|
||
it for us.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Send all follow-ups to <A HREF="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com"
|
||
>linux-questions-only@ssc.com</A>.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Ok.....(in spanish)
|
||
Gracias por su tiempo al tratar de ayudarme...
|
||
He tenido problemas al instalar un manejador de listas de correo basicamente
|
||
es el majordomo-1.94
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
el cual se intaló pero el webmin no lo puede activar y manda el siguiente
|
||
mensage:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
Your majordomo version is not supported by Webmin. Only versions 1.94.4-7
|
||
and above are supported.
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
como ya no pude hacer más se instal ocaute; en Mailman que tampoco pude activar ,
|
||
despues regrese a intentar instalar una version más reciente del majordomo
|
||
la cual fué majordomo-1.94.5-2 pero detectó conflictos con el mailman
|
||
y de ese paso no he podido salir.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
p.d. tenia el webmin 0.85 y lo actualizé al 0.88 y se actualizó
|
||
correctamente, este fue hecho antes de tratar de instalar los dos
|
||
manejadores de listas de correo.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
César Díaz
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
For those joining us just now, César wants to run a restricted mailing
|
||
list, where only the administrator is allowed to post. He tried
|
||
Majordomo and Mailman, but got different installation errors in both
|
||
cases.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather]
|
||
Hmmm, what is his distro.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
I know that Majordomo can do that easily (I think I have a template for
|
||
that style) but, some distros seem to feel that you should have only one
|
||
list manager software installed, and perhaps he is getting that.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
The explicit error message given by his packaging system would probably
|
||
be useful.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
It is possible, but clunky, to remove all of the package-manager packages,
|
||
then build the chosen package from source; then you know it will run locally,
|
||
but the documentation is often messier or missing that way.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
There is a majordomo version 2 out, which claims some interesting features,
|
||
and to have shot an uncountably high number of bugs. However it is in that
|
||
weird internet-based-project state of "it may be finished someday". I mention
|
||
it because, as far as I can tell, some educational institutions decided to
|
||
go ahead and use it anyway.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
If you type "mailing list" into the search gadget at Freshmeat.net you get so
|
||
many projects you have to spend all day looking at them. "web mailing list"
|
||
narrows it down a little, though there are still some false hits.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
I mentioned Smartlist before, but if he wants to use a web interface, it's
|
||
probably not what he needs, at least not without some booster packages. OTOH
|
||
it only needs procmail, which he might already have installed "for free"
|
||
because it's extremely popular as the local-deliver agent for mail.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 7 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/8"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 8 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>SCSI</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From 32009318
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<p></strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><strong>Answered By Mike Orr, John Karns
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
what are the benefits of SCSI over IDE
|
||
and what types of SCSI are there eg LVD68,ultra wide,wide etc.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
what are the general specs of ech SCSI type
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
i want to buy a 73gb 15,000rpm LVD68 seagate cheetah and want to know is
|
||
this the fastest drive i can get and the best for performance in a
|
||
machine thats role is
|
||
Games/server/lan/burning/movie theatre/jukebox/music editor, producer/3d
|
||
animator
|
||
or you can call it a jack of all trades computer
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
thanks a million form elliot
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [John]
|
||
I would place the least importance on the rotational speed - it would be
|
||
the factor least likely to be noticeable in the overall system
|
||
performance. On the negative side, it would contribute considerably to
|
||
the amount of heat to dissipate inside the box. Many of these types of
|
||
drives require extra cooling - added fans bringing air into the case;
|
||
naturally this also contributes to the noise factor - from the fans and
|
||
the drive(s). I myself prefer a bit slower rotational speed (5k or 7.5k)
|
||
to avoid the noise and extra heat.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Is your CD burner SCSI as well? This could make a difference. My desktop
|
||
system uses SCSI for the system drive and I use a Yamaha 4x4x16 CD
|
||
re-writer. I can't speak for the currently available devices which are
|
||
capable of burning at speeds of up to 20x, but my 4x works well, allowing
|
||
me to do other things while the burning a CD.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
SCSI handles parallel operations better. Thus, two SCSI devices can
|
||
perform I/O independently at the same time. To achieve this with IDE,
|
||
each device has to be on a separate controller. If you try to access
|
||
two devices on the same IDE controller simultaneously, one will wait
|
||
until the other is finished.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [John]
|
||
SCSI disk controllers offload the system board, as they have instruction
|
||
queues which buffer several instructions at a time to send to the disk as
|
||
it is ready to accept them. In other words, it's a more intelligent type
|
||
of controller.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
SCSI drives have traditionally been faster (and bigger) than IDE drives,
|
||
but advances in IDE technology has narrowed the gap. The current EIDE
|
||
(Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics) technology and the Linux IDE
|
||
driver have actually borrowed ideas from SCSI.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [John]
|
||
I recently bought a 40GB Quantum ATA-100 drive. I wasn't so much
|
||
interested in the data band width (bw) as much as the large capacity. In
|
||
perusing the Quantum Internet site for the specs on the drive, I
|
||
discovered that although the drive electronics has the ATA-100 interface,
|
||
the physical design of the platter and spindle mechanism doesn't provide
|
||
100 MB/s bw anyway. I suspect that there many drives out there with
|
||
similar aspects. IOW, just because the drive has an ATA-100 interface
|
||
doesn't guarantee that the drive fully supports the spec.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
SCSI is also more expandable since that you can connect several devices
|
||
(6-15) on one controller, where as IDE is limited to two.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [John]
|
||
Additionally, SCSI devices port nicely between different machines. For
|
||
example, my CD burner is an external device. I also have a tape drive,
|
||
and Iomega Jaz and Zip drives all of which are external SCSI devices. I
|
||
can connect these to a desktop machine as well as a laptop, in various
|
||
combinations. Although they are now offering USB versions of the Iomega
|
||
devices, USB is slower, and requires a driver for each device, which in
|
||
many cases are not available for Linux. With SCSI, the commands are more
|
||
or less standard; one only needs the driver loaded for the controller.
|
||
With Linux, the pkg which provides the set of commands for tape drives
|
||
works for IDE as well as SCSI tape devices, AFAIK.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
Most people building high-demand servers still insist on SCSI. However,
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [John]
|
||
SCSI multi-tasks much better than IDE, and in a server environment, this
|
||
can make a big difference, and in many cases is mandatory because the
|
||
difference can be critical.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
for general use, IDE is plenty adequate. I use only IDE. Performance
|
||
is acceptable if I put each hard drive on a separate controller (and put
|
||
infrequently-used devices such as CD-ROMs as a slave on either
|
||
controller). IDE drives and controllers are cheaper than their SCSI
|
||
counterparts. SCSI is anal about its configuration: if you don't
|
||
terminate the SCSI chain properly or the controller doesn't like your
|
||
cables' electrical properties for some reason, it goes into fits.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [John]
|
||
Agreed - for many single user situations IDE is adequate, especially with
|
||
the faster interfaces such as ATA-66 and ATA-100.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
There are several SCSI technologies with buzzwords like "fast", "wide",
|
||
etc. I'll let somebody else say which currently has the best
|
||
performance (and how much you'd pay for the drive + controller + cables
|
||
compared with an ordinary IDE drive).
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [John]
|
||
"Fast" doesn't really mean much, as it's been used in a couple of
|
||
different SCSI implementations - there was Fast SCSI I, and FAST SCSI-II.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
"Wide" means 16-bit bus, which translates to 68 pins or more. AFAIK, the
|
||
50 pin interfaces are 8 bit bus devices. It really isn't important except
|
||
in hdd devices. For CD's and tapes, and slower devices such as Zip
|
||
drives, the 8 bit is adequate, as the bw exceeds that of the device.
|
||
Other things being equal, it doubles the i/o bw.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
"Ultra" doubles the clock speed of the SCSI bus.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
A general rule of thumb would be something like this:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
Fast SCSI-II: 10 MB/s
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Wide SCSI: 20 MB/s
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Ultra SCSI: 20 MB/s
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Ultra-wide SCSI: 40 MB/s
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
68 <TT>/</TT> 80 pin LVD SCSI: 160 MB/s. AFAIK, 320 MB/s devices are now becoming
|
||
available.
|
||
</blockQuote></blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
It is important to note though, that the PCI bus (most mobo's run them at
|
||
33 MHz) maxes out at around 40 MB/s -
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Allow me to correct myself; although the original PCI bus spec (and AFAIK most
|
||
machines still adhere to this, and most PCI cards are designed for 33Mhz
|
||
operation) called for a 33Mhz clock, PCI is a 32 bit bus. Thus it can
|
||
handle up to 4 bytes per cycle, making theoretical maximum bw 33M/s x 4B =
|
||
132MB/s. But the reality remains that actual performance is far below
|
||
this.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
There is a way to test this on a Linux system:
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote><CODE>
|
||
hdparm -t /dev/diskdev
|
||
</CODE></blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
where diskdev is hda, sda, hdb, sdb depending on your systems disk cfg.
|
||
For most people it would be hda, assuming a single IDE hdd.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
On my Asus P5A 500Mhz mobo with a Tekram ultra-wide SCSI controller (40
|
||
MB/s), the above test shows 15MB/s which is 37% (about 1/3) of the rated
|
||
40MB/s. This type of situation seems to be very common - i.e., actual
|
||
performance specs are only a fraction of the rated spec.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
So the devices which deliver a bw exceeding the local system, are really
|
||
only advantageous in RAID configurations, where the data is transferred
|
||
between the drives (or other devices) which are directly connected to the
|
||
controller at higher speeds. Any data bound for the mobo is still limited.
|
||
This means that for anything but RAID, the LVD drives really don't offer
|
||
an advantage, and you are wasting your $$. So one can buy a 40 MB/s
|
||
controller (I've been using the TekRAM 390U with good results - can be
|
||
bought for < $100 ) and drive Ultra-Wide drive which will make maximal use
|
||
of the PCI bus, giving essentially the same performance as a much more
|
||
expensive LVD system, in a non-RAID configuration.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Mike]
|
||
By "LAN" do you mean just being a client on the LAN? Or is it a
|
||
high-demand server too? If you plan to do intensive network serving,
|
||
CD burning and game playing simultaneously, I would consider separate
|
||
computers, especially since network serving affects others on the
|
||
network and not just you. (After all, if your CD burning slows down
|
||
you game, too bad. But if it slows down other people too, they may
|
||
resent it.)
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 8 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/9"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 9 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>RH7.1 onThinkPad 560X cannot find ttyS00</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Shawn Koons
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<p></strong></p>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><strong>Answered By John Karns, Heather Stern
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I have installed the prepackaged laptop version of RH7.1 on an IBM 560X
|
||
P233 w/48Meg Ram. dmesg lists ttyS00 as the serial device but when I try
|
||
to find the modem on that port the "K Add New Internet Connection"
|
||
wizard says it cannot locate a modem.( I read in a search of the Linux
|
||
Gazette that ttyS00 indicates that multiple ports are present or enabled.)
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
<TT>/dev</TT> lists all tty(x) [or at least I think all are listed]
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I have also checked under <A HREF="http://www.kde.org/">KDE</A>'s Control Module and it does not list any
|
||
Interrupts on 4, which is what dmesg lists as the IRQ for ttyS00.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
The modem does work and the computer serial port worked under win98 (no
|
||
longer on the HD - I have RH using the whole HD)
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Can you help me get the modem (and later my palm pilot sync) working?
|
||
Feel free to ask for further information. Be fairly specific on any
|
||
commands you want me to run as I am not familiar with much beyond doing
|
||
standard installs and rudimentary Linux commands.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Thank you.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Shawn
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [John]
|
||
A good starting point might be to check the "Linux on Laptops" web site.
|
||
There was recently a thread on it here.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote><DL><DT>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather]
|
||
<DD><A HREF="http://www.linux-laptop.net"
|
||
>http://www.linux-laptop.net</A>
|
||
</DL></blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Please note that is singular. The plural version goes to some opportunistic
|
||
laptop vendor, who as far as I can tell, doesn't actually know nor care much
|
||
about Linux specifically.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
There's also Werner Heuser's Mobilix, <A HREF="http://www.mobilix.org"
|
||
>http://www.mobilix.org</A>
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
wvdialconf is good at spotting modems. It won't tell you what kind, but it
|
||
will tell you the far more important detail, which is, does it work when I
|
||
try to ask it about doing dialup? And in the case of softmodems, yes, if
|
||
your softmodem driver is properly loaded, then it will also properly respond
|
||
to wvdialconf's tickling.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [John]
|
||
Unfortunately, most laptops these days use a form of the dreaded
|
||
winmodems. Which one your particular machine has will determine your
|
||
chances of success, so checking the laptop site will probably save you
|
||
some time.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
Also the command "lspci" might give you specific info about which modem
|
||
your particular machine has installed.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Heather]
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
<blockQuote>
|
||
From that you may be able to visit the search engines and see if it is a
|
||
known real modem or if it needs "linmodem" support. Linmodems.org will
|
||
tell you what is currently supported. It seems like every time I turn
|
||
around something that was previously an absolutely lost cause is barely
|
||
supported, or the vendor is now on the bandwagon. If yours isn't on the
|
||
good-boys list I wouldn't hold my breath though. The things tend to stay
|
||
in the "barely" phase for way too long.
|
||
</blockQuote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 9 -->
|
||
<P> <hr> </p>
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<H5 align="center">This page edited and maintained by the Editors
|
||
of <I>Linux Gazette</I>
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html"
|
||
>Copyright ©</a> 2001
|
||
<BR>Published in issue 72 of <I>Linux Gazette</I> November 2001</H5>
|
||
<H6 ALIGN="center">HTML script maintained by
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:star@starshine.org">Heather Stern</a> of
|
||
Starshine Technical Services,
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.starshine.org/">http://www.starshine.org/</A>
|
||
</H6>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><A NAME="tips"><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="" SRC="../gx/twocent.jpg">
|
||
More 2¢ Tips!</A></H1> <BR>
|
||
<!-- BEGIN tips -->
|
||
|
||
Send Linux Tips and Tricks to <A HREF="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com">linux-questions-only@ssc.com</A></center>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<!-- index_text begins -->
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/1"
|
||
></a>2 cents tip --or--
|
||
<br><A HREF="#tips/1"
|
||
><strong>EZ Email Security With Stunnel</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/2"
|
||
><strong>users permissions</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/3"
|
||
><strong>Re: Problem faced while defining permissions for read & wirte access</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/4"
|
||
><strong>Informacion sobre PHP</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/5"
|
||
><strong>Sendmail backup ?</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/6"
|
||
><strong>tests on the net for linux</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/7"
|
||
><strong>Need Help on X</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/8"
|
||
><strong>Modules Drivers</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/9"
|
||
><strong>Routers</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/10"
|
||
><strong>LWN links</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/11"
|
||
><strong>2-cent Tip: "De-enhancing" enhanced text</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/12"
|
||
><strong>2 Euro-Cent tip: Sophisticated excluding backup</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/13"
|
||
><strong>Re: [LG 71] help wanted #4</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/14"
|
||
><strong>Additional Answer for a 2Cent Tip.</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/15"
|
||
><strong>Re: [LG 71] 2c Tips #9</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/16"
|
||
><strong>Re: [LG 71] 2c Tips #10-signwriting</strong></a>
|
||
<li><A HREF="#tips/17"
|
||
><strong>Tech Tips from Linux Journal</strong></a>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>How to lie about your uptime
|
||
<li>Adding many users at once
|
||
<li>Speeding up Debian APT using Squid
|
||
<li>Blocking the Nimda worm
|
||
<li>Making Caps Lock work like Control (in X)
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<li>Subscribe to Tech tips from
|
||
<A HREF="http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/subscribe/lja-sub.html"
|
||
><I>Linux Journal's</I> Weekly News Notes</A>
|
||
<!-- index_text ends -->
|
||
</UL>
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/1"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">EZ Email Security With Stunnel</FONT></H3>
|
||
Fri, 12 Oct 2001 19:43:28 -0500
|
||
<BR>Pat Parson (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%202c%20Tips%20%231">rndgui57 from directvinternet.com</a>)
|
||
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
EZ Email Security With Stunnel
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P>
|
||
This is a little crash course in how to setup email over SSL painlessly
|
||
using Stunnel. With Stunnel you can keep your email passwords from being
|
||
sent as plain text and possibly intercepted by others. Stunnel is a program
|
||
that you can use to encrypt TCP connections in SSL. First you need to have
|
||
installed a mail transfer agent such as Exim, Sendmail, or Qmail to handle
|
||
the SMTP portion of the mail. Then you need to have installed either an IMAP
|
||
server or a POP3 server such as the Cyrus package or Cuci-pop. Many
|
||
distributions come with Stunnel, if yours does not you can get it from
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.stunnel.org"
|
||
>http://www.stunnel.org</A>.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
After obtaining and installing Stunnel you need to make a SSL certificate
|
||
for use with Stunnel. A SSL certificate is a kind of unique "key" that is
|
||
used to encrypt the data. OpenSSL provides a makefile to do just that. In my
|
||
distribution it is located in <TT>/usr/share/ssl/certs</TT> . CD to that directory
|
||
and type make stunnel.pem to create the certificate that is named
|
||
stunnel.pem. Now you need to a few lines to your rc.local file to start
|
||
Stunnel at bootup (assuming you ever reboot that is) these lines are:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre> /usr/sbin/stunnel -d 995 -r 110
|
||
/usr/sbin/stunnel -d 465 -r 25
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
This will start stunnel listening on port 995 for POP3 and 465 for SMTP. Now
|
||
all you need to do is edit the options for your mail client and there you
|
||
go. No need to worry about cleartext email passwords. If you are too
|
||
impatient to wait for the next reboot you can type the commands given
|
||
previously to start Stunnel right away.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
There may be some problems with certificate validation for some email
|
||
clients. Make sure when asked by the makefile you get the server name
|
||
correct. If your email client will not let you add certificates you may need
|
||
to change clients or obtain a certificate from a certification authority. If
|
||
you cannot get the certificate vaidation worked out there is no way to
|
||
ensure that you are connecting to the correct machine. Have a nice day.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 1 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/2"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">users permissions</FONT></H3>
|
||
Sun, 30 Sep 2001 22:41:22 -0400
|
||
<BR>Carlos G Kruger (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%202c%20Tips%20%232">carlos195 from juno.com</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hi, I have gone thru your entire library since the begining but I could
|
||
find an answer to the following questions.
|
||
First after some time I have been able to setup a small network, one
|
||
server and 2 linux boxes and a windows box.
|
||
Using samba, the "clients can see the share". All the clients can read
|
||
and write to this share.
|
||
I have created a share with one of the user's names and add the others to
|
||
this in the smb.conf file.
|
||
I have change the owner and group for the share to be "today--name of the
|
||
group--and add all the users to this group.
|
||
The problem is the user A creates a file in the share, saves and closes,
|
||
then user B opens the file, edits and can't save unless it saves with
|
||
another name.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I have used all the combinations for the users, even using the "SETUID,
|
||
SETGUI" but nothing works.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
At server level I can see that the main directory, sub directories and
|
||
files, with the format
|
||
.rwxwrxwrx root (or user A) today etc.etc
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
User B, C, D are under the smb.conf share [A] and under group.conf
|
||
A::500:B,C,D or
|
||
A:x:500:B,C.D
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
If B creates a file all the rights are changed to B, ditto for A,C or D.
|
||
I can't even change the ownership from B to A, C, or D.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I've spent hours and hours of reading and searching on the web but still
|
||
can't find an answer?
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
is there one?
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
please let me know.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
thanks
|
||
</P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Mike Martin]
|
||
One or two things to check
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Do the permissions on the share when accessed through samba and directly
|
||
eg: share a on mount <TT>/mnt/a</TT>
|
||
Do you get the same output from ls -l (You may want them to differ, but
|
||
as a troubleshooting technique it may be an idea)
|
||
So you could check by accessing the share from your linux box , do an:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><code><font color="#000033"><br>ls -l
|
||
</font></code></blockquote>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
and if you get:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><code><font color="#000033"><br>rwxr_xrwx
|
||
</font></code></blockquote>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
...then there is your problem.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Heather]
|
||
You might check if the users are all of the same group in <TT>/etc/passwd;</TT>
|
||
when you create new files, the <EM>files</EM> can only be in one group, and that's
|
||
where it generally comes from.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 2 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/3"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Re: Problem faced while defining permissions for read & wirte access</FONT></H3>
|
||
Thu, 11 Oct 2001 10:20:06 -0500 (COT)
|
||
<BR>John Karns (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%202c%20Tips%20%233">The Answer Gang</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Hi!
|
||
I have got a requirement of defining a share,where one user should have
|
||
reader rights & other should be having write rights.The definition is as
|
||
below
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<pre><strong>comment = Testing Permissions
|
||
path = /usr/local/support
|
||
valid users = ibm, god
|
||
read list = ibm
|
||
write list = god
|
||
read only = No
|
||
</strong></pre>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
when i define this the user=GOD gets permissions properly i.e=write
|
||
But the user=IBM also gets write permissions instead of read.
|
||
I have relaxed the permissions on unix by giving 0777 to the path
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
i.e drwxrwxrwx 3 root root 4096 Oct 9 11:53 support
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
This happens to every share which i create & my smb.conf file is tested
|
||
from the diagnosis.txt
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Is there any thing which I am missing
|
||
Please revert to me asap
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Thanks in advance
|
||
Franco.F
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Sorry about the delay in answering, but I've been pretty busy ...
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
There are several parameters which affect this. Usually I just try
|
||
juggling them until I get what I'm looking for.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
One such parameter is
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>[global]
|
||
security = user
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I put this in the global section.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Then for a user's smb share, I have found the following to usually limit
|
||
access. The dir is made read only be default, and overridden by the
|
||
"write list" parameter:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>[joeBlow]
|
||
comment = Joes smb share directory
|
||
path = /usr/smbShares/jblow
|
||
browseable = yes
|
||
read only = yes
|
||
create mode = 0770
|
||
valid users = jblow
|
||
write list = jblow
|
||
public = no
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hope this helps.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 3 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/4"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Informacion sobre PHP</FONT></H3>
|
||
Tue, 23 Oct 2001 15:49:47 -0500
|
||
<BR> Iván Overlín Sánchez Rodríguez
|
||
(<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%202c%20Tips%20%234">intermail from cybadu.com.mx</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Buenas Tardes:
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
El motivo de este mail es para pedirle de la mejor manera información
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
acerca de algun manejador de PHP con el cual pueda modificar los
|
||
archivos de páginas de internet bajo Linux <A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat</A> 7.1, he bajado
|
||
algunos editores de PHP pero aun no logro modificar los archivos.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Espero su recomendación y agradezco su atención.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Gracias
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
ATTE:
|
||
Ing. Iván Overlín Sánchez Rodríguez
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Translation:
|
||
"Good afternoon. The purpose of this e-mail is to ask you about the best
|
||
editor for PHP scripts ("archives of Internet pages") on Red Hat 7.1 I have
|
||
downloaded several PHP editors but have been unable to edit the files. I
|
||
await your recommendation and am grateful for your attention."
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">We need more information. Which editors have you tried and why did they
|
||
not work? I normally use an ordinary text editor (vim) for editing PHP
|
||
files. If you cannot describe it in English, send a Spanish message to
|
||
Rory Krause (<A HREF="mailto:rkrause@ssc.com"
|
||
>rkrause@ssc.com</A>) and he will translate it for us.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">Necesitamos más de información. Qué editores Vd
|
||
probó, y por qué no rindieron? Suelo usar un típico
|
||
editor de texto (vim) por modificar PHP-archivos. Se Vd no puede describir
|
||
la situación en inglés, mande un mail a Rory Krause
|
||
(<A HREF="mailto:rory@ssc.com"
|
||
>rory@ssc.com</A>) en español, y él nos lo traducirá.
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#000066">Tip: if something doesn't work as you expect, try to also describe what
|
||
it was you expected, in more detail rather than less.
|
||
-- Heather</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 4 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/5"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Sendmail backup ?</FONT></H3>
|
||
Wed, 10 Oct 2001 16:46:05 +0200
|
||
<BR>Robert Kemp (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%202c%20Tips%20%235">robertk from ultra.co.za</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
My LINUX (Redhat 6.1) box was compromised , I want to reinstall but I
|
||
have a hell of a lot mail users (sendmail) that I need to backup and
|
||
restore on the new (reinstalled) system.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
PLease could someone help me out on this one !!!!
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Regards
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Robert Kemp
|
||
</P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Thomas Adam]
|
||
Of course
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> Since I don't know how your file-system
|
||
is laid out, or where the $USER's mailboxes are
|
||
stored, and how many.......it might be limited.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Assuming that not many of the user's have had
|
||
graphical attachments to their inbox, it should just
|
||
be routine enough to:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
1. Backup (tar/gz??) files in "<TT>/var/spool/mail/*</TT>" and
|
||
dump them to a tape drive.
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
2. Or you move it to a separate drive that won't be
|
||
affected by this installation.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
3. Seeing as you have a lot of users, is the $USER's
|
||
mailbox on a separate partition??? You see, if you
|
||
upgrade you can intruct Linux not to touch that
|
||
particular partition.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
You might also want to backup "key" configuration
|
||
files:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
/etc/sendmail.conf
|
||
/etc/aliases
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
...etc
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Other than that, I don't know what else you can do.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Kind Regards
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Guy Milliron]
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
and
|
||
<TT>/etc/sendmail.cf.</TT> I'd also back-up <TT>/etc/mail/*</TT>
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 5 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/6"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">tests on the net for linux</FONT></H3>
|
||
Wed, 03 Oct 2001 20:03:38 +1000
|
||
<BR>A Student (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%202c%20Tips%20%236">32009318 from snetmp.cpg.com.au</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
i am currently working on introduction to linux at university and was
|
||
wondering wether there are any tests or quizez on basic linux that i
|
||
could do to learn more and to test my knowledge
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">SAIR Linux and GNU Certification has quizzes on their web site,
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxcertification.com"
|
||
>http://www.linuxcertification.com</A> , "On-Line Quizzes" link.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">Several organizations including SAIR and the Linux Professional
|
||
Institute (<A HREF="http://www.lpi.org"
|
||
>http://www.lpi.org</A>) offer paid examinations similar to
|
||
A+ and MCSE. You may find some information and ideas on their web
|
||
sites, even if you're not interested in the exams. SAIR's FAQ
|
||
mentions some comparisions they have with other certification
|
||
programs.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">Linux Gazette has published an 11-part series about the founding and
|
||
development of the LPI, titled "Creating a Linux Certification Program",
|
||
and has published several News Bytes pieces about SAIR. Search for
|
||
"certification" and "SAIR" in the LG search engine.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">Some other Linux web sites may have quizzes somewhere. Poke around
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxnewbie.org"
|
||
>http://www.linuxnewbie.org</A>, <A HREF="http://www.linux.com"
|
||
>http://www.linux.com</A>, and other Linux
|
||
portals, and search for "quiz".
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 6 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/7"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Need Help on X</FONT></H3>
|
||
Mon, 8 Oct 2001 10:15:36 -0700 (PDT)
|
||
<BR>Joyer Jude (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%202c%20Tips%20%237">joyerjude from yahoo.com</a>)
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hi there,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I'm running Linux 2.2.4-2 kernel Redhat Version 7.1
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
on a Celeron 500MHz Intel Chipset MB with 64 MB RAM.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Even after a fresh installation Gnome seems to crash
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
(I mean to say Gnome comes up but without Sawfish the
|
||
Window mamnager running and with an error message
|
||
saying urnot running a <A HREF="http://www.gnome.org/">GNOME</A> compilant window manager)
|
||
with no options to close any windows running well it
|
||
looks like its got one single window for every icon on
|
||
the desktop and out of the 4 desktops only one can be
|
||
used ..... usually I worked around this problem by
|
||
running Sawfish manager from the RUN option, now even
|
||
that doesn't seem to start this Sawfish Can u please
|
||
help me out with this
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
waitin for ur reply
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Joyer
|
||
</P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Mike Martin]
|
||
Try this
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
When gnome loads up type gnomecc as a command (either in a terminal or
|
||
as a command) then go to window manager section, change to other wm
|
||
click ok then change back to sawfish - should work
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Let us know if you need any more help!
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 7 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/8"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Modules Drivers</FONT></H3>
|
||
Tue, 23 Oct 2001 13:59:21 -0600
|
||
<BR>William Laing (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%202c%20Tips%20%238">wmlaing from home.com</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hi
|
||
Can someone show me how to install a networking card driver on a 31/2 disk
|
||
into redhat 6.2 text only
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Thanking you
|
||
Bill
|
||
</P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Mike Orr]
|
||
If it's a binary module (*.o file) on a DOS-formatted floppy:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre># mcopy a:MODULE.o /lib/modules/VERSION/SUBDIRECTORIES.../net
|
||
# modprobe MODULE : Any error messages?
|
||
# cat /proc/modules : Is it listed?
|
||
# ifconfig eth0 10.0.0.1 : Any error messages?
|
||
# ping -c 1 10.0.0.1 : Success?
|
||
# vi /etc/modules.conf : Distribution-dependant, see below.
|
||
# vi /etc/modules : If you want it always loaded.
|
||
# mcopy a:MODULE.o ~/Backups : In case you need to reinstall it someday.
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
If it's a source module (*.c), you'll have to compile it according to its
|
||
README.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
In <TT>/etc/modules.conf</TT>, you may want an "alias eth0 MODULE" line and/or a
|
||
"options MODULE io=0x330 irq=0xA" line or something like that, depending
|
||
on the module. But <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</A> has a front end, <TT>/etc/modutils/aliases</TT>, where
|
||
you put your customizations, then run 'update-modules' to calculate and
|
||
write <TT>/etc/modules.conf.</TT> Check your <A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat</A> docs to see what to do.
|
||
Also see "man 5 modules.conf".
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Your network setup script then has to load the module, unless the kernel
|
||
is loading it automatically on demand, or unless <TT>/etc/modules</TT> takes care
|
||
of it. "modprobe MODULE", or "modprobe eth0" if you've set up the alias.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 8 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/9"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Routers</FONT></H3>
|
||
Tue, 23 Oct 2001 12:10:50 +0300 (EAT)
|
||
<BR>gatheru (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%202c%20Tips%20%239">gatheru from treasury.go.ke</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hi, I have heard this rumour that linux can be used to create
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
routers instead of going for commercial ones. I would like to know if it
|
||
is true and hints on how to do it ( Actually any information is welcome).
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
regards
|
||
Kamau Gatheru
|
||
</P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[K.-H.]
|
||
Yes, it is possible to use a Linux box as router. You would need some
|
||
hardware (486 would probably do), >= 1 network card(s) (ethernet probably).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
For starters look at:
|
||
<A HREF="../cgi-bin/htsearch"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/cgi-bin/htsearch</A>
|
||
and search for "routers"
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><DL><DT>
|
||
Another place to look is:
|
||
<DD><A HREF="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/networking.html#NETROUTING"
|
||
>http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/networking.html#NETROUTING</A>
|
||
</DL></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I you would tell us what exactly you would expect that router to do we[1]
|
||
could maybe even tell you if Linux can handle that and how difficult it
|
||
would be to setup.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[1] not necessarily me -- so reply to the list <<A HREF="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com"
|
||
>linux-questions-only@ssc.com</A>>
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">Also see the Linux Router Project, <A HREF="http://lrp.ramhb.co.nz/main.htm"
|
||
>http://lrp.ramhb.co.nz/main.htm</A> .
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 9 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/10"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">LWN links</FONT></H3>
|
||
Fri, 12 Oct 2001 11:51:05 -0700 (PDT)
|
||
<BR>Heather (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2310"><em>KG</em> Technical Editor</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.lwn.net/">Linux Weekly News</A> has sprouted a seperate page for the now very long
|
||
Distributions list:
|
||
<A HREF="http://lwn.net/Distributions"
|
||
>http://lwn.net/Distributions</A>
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Don't count 'em dead yet, folks. But I'd <EM>love</EM> to hear them get the
|
||
sponsorship they need to go on. See our News Bytes for more.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 10 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/11"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">2-cent Tip: "De-enhancing" enhanced text</FONT></H3>
|
||
Fri, 26 Oct 2001 18:37:06 +0000
|
||
<BR>Ben Okopnik (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2311">fuzzybear from pocketmail.com</a>)
|
||
<BR>The Answer Gang (linux-questions-only@ssc.com)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
One of life's little problems that comes up once in a while is dealing with
|
||
enhanced text. You know, that stuff you get when you try to dump a man page
|
||
as text, or just in reading a file that somebody has "enhanced" - a few
|
||
minutes ago, I got an e-mail from someone using an NT box (!) that had the
|
||
stuff in it. If you still don't know what I'm talking about, here's a
|
||
sample from the "thttpd" man page:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
N^HNA^HAM^HME^HE
|
||
thttpd - tiny/turbo/throttling HTTP server
|
||
|
||
S^HSY^HYN^HNO^HOP^HPS^HSI^HIS^HS
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
So, how do we turn this mess into readable text? If you're using the "vi"
|
||
editor, it's a fairly simple task:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>:.,%s/.^H//g
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Note that to enter the actual "Control-H" sequence rather than a caret
|
||
followed by an "H" (which will not work), the key sequence is "Ctrl-v"
|
||
("Enter raw character") followed by a "Ctrl-h".
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The above says
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>: Enter command mode
|
||
.,% Apply to every line from the current one to the end of the file
|
||
s/.^H Grab all "Control-H"s and the character that precedes them...
|
||
//g ...and delete no matter how many times they occur on a line.
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
In case you've been wondering, the above text "translates" into this:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
NAME
|
||
thttpd - tiny/turbo/throttling HTTP server
|
||
|
||
SYNOPSIS
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Deleting the preceding rather than the following character makes this trick
|
||
work with "enhanced-underlined" text (not shown here) as well as
|
||
"enhanced-bold".
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font color="#001F3F">I always call that "nroff format".
|
||
-- Mike</font></blockquote>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Dan Wilder]
|
||
Actually it's impact printer format. Works nicely for 9-pin
|
||
printers, as it did for daisywheel and type ball printers, or
|
||
for that matter, for chain printers.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The use of character-backspace-character to produce bold
|
||
originated with the impact printer, and was used long before
|
||
nroff was written. Nroff merely made use of what was already common
|
||
existing practice. Calling it "nroff format" would be a little
|
||
like calling the rising sun "rooster-crow format".
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
"col -b" is an easy way to filter out the backspaces and duplicate
|
||
characters.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Interestingly enough, it's not really nroff format... (discussion
|
||
between Mike and Ben about output formats versus input formats, and
|
||
other truly odd things that can be done inside man pages, trimmed
|
||
for clarity.)
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
- "nroff" has its own weird way of doing things:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
The \fIlwp-download\fR program will download the document specified...
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
What this stuff is is a hold-over from the Elder Days, when mighty heroes
|
||
wrestled giants and monitors were fancy things that only the richest of the
|
||
rich could afford; the rest of us scrounged wide-carriage printers and
|
||
bought greenbar by the metric assload (nobody was offering discounts on the
|
||
Imperial assloads (arseloads?)). "Control-H" is a backspace; in order to
|
||
print in bold, you printed a character, backed up over it, then printed it
|
||
again.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
H^HHE^HEL^HLL^HLO^HO!^H!
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Underlining was done by much the same method, except that instead of
|
||
double-printing the character, you printed an underscore, backed up over it,
|
||
and printed the character:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
_^HG_^Ho_^H_o^Hd_^Hb_^Hy_^He
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
(You could do it in reverse, too, but this has become the standard format.)
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Underscore/bold combos were, of course, a horror to behold. As you can
|
||
imagine, all sorts of utilities to automate this were widely available.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
_^HG^HG_^Ho^Ho_^Ho^Ho_^Hd^Hd _^HG^HG_^Hr^Hr_^Hi^Hi_^He^He_^Hf^Hf!^H!
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Until I started using Linux, I had not realized that someone had kept the
|
||
creature alive - which, in Unixland, it very much is. Most text utils -
|
||
including "more", "less", and "*cat*", fer Gossake - support it. Midnight
|
||
Commander even displays the stuff in nicely distinct reds and yellows.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 11 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/12"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">2 Euro-Cent tip: Sophisticated excluding backup</FONT></H3>
|
||
Sun, 28 Oct 2001 21:44:37 +0100
|
||
<BR>Matthias Posseldt (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2312">matthi from gmx.li</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hi all @ Linuxgazette,
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I just wrote a small backup script (mpbackup), which has the option to
|
||
exclude files from the backup, and those files are read from
|
||
=2Eexclude_from_backup files in each subdirectory.
|
||
So you create a file <TT>/home/matthias/.exclude_from_backup</TT> and write
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><code><font color="#000033"><br>tmp
|
||
<br>build
|
||
<br>kde-cvs
|
||
</font></code></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
in it. The script will read all .exclude_from_backup files in the
|
||
directories to backup and create a list of it.
|
||
It then creates a tar.bz2 file.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
You can even write wildcards into the exclude files. All files mentioned
|
||
are relative to the .exclude_from_backup file's directory.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
You need the included evaluate_file.sh in PATH (or have to edit the
|
||
script).
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hope that it helps someone. My 500+ megs home directory is now backed up
|
||
in about 100 megs, because I left out build trees and cvs trees. And every
|
||
user can configure which files go into the backup.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Ciao, Matthias
|
||
</P>
|
||
<p align="center">See attached <tt><a href="misc/tips/mpbackup.sh.txt">mpbackup.sh.txt</a></tt></p>
|
||
<p align="center">See attached <tt><a href="misc/tips/evaluate_file.sh.txt">evaluate_file.sh.txt</a></tt></p>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Hello,
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
This is a good shell script. I rememeber I wrote a
|
||
bash script called "keyfiles" when I was at school,
|
||
that ran on your proxy servers.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
(also activated via my "loop4mail" bash shell-script
|
||
daemon.....I think I might include it sometime in
|
||
LWM).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
What would happen was that a file "<TT>/etc/keyfiles.conf</TT>"
|
||
would contain a list of files (with their respective
|
||
paths).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Then tar would read the file line by line, add the
|
||
files to the archive, and dump the archive to a backup
|
||
partition.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
This is more or less what your script does.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
All in all well done!!!
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
--Thomas Adam, the Linux Weekend Mechanic
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Ben]
|
||
<laugh> Great minds think alike, Matthias. I wrote a backup script -
|
||
slightly different idea from yours, though - and have been evaluating it
|
||
for the past couple of months (a backup script is one of those things you
|
||
want to beat to death under various conditions; think of where it leaves
|
||
you if it fails silently...)
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The idea behind mine is that there are a lot of files that you need to
|
||
transport between your desktop and your laptop if you travel a lot (as I
|
||
do) - things like your bookmark files, document directories, etc. This
|
||
script has two config files, both of them accessible from the script
|
||
itself: a permanent backup list, where you put the files and directories
|
||
that are to be backed up every time, and a temporary list of files that
|
||
will only be added to the current backup. It then restores the backed-up
|
||
files onto the target machine, saving the previous versions in a .tgz file
|
||
in case something has gone screwy.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I've had no problems with this thing for quite a while now - it has a fair
|
||
number of tests built in - and, heck, since you're putting yours up, I
|
||
might as well add mine to the list.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<p align="center">See attached <tt><a href="misc/tips/backpack.bash.txt">backpack.bash.txt</a></tt></p>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 12 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/13"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Re: [LG 71] help wanted #4</FONT></H3>
|
||
Tue, 2 Oct 2001 04:56:03 +0200
|
||
<BR>guran (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2313">guran from nr1.nu</a>)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
This is in response to the
|
||
<A HREF="<TT>../issue71/lg_mail71.html#wanted/4</TT>"
|
||
>Asound ethernet card</A> question
|
||
last issue.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<HR width="10%" align="center"><P>
|
||
Hi
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
One of my sons called me the other day, when he could not find that driver on
|
||
a RedHat 7.1. I adviced him to look for rtl-8139, where he found it, if I
|
||
remember right the same goes for <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</A>.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
regards
|
||
guran
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 13 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/14"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Additional Answer for a 2Cent Tip.</FONT></H3>
|
||
Mon, 01 Oct 2001 12:32:02 +0200
|
||
<BR>Matthias Egger (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2314">cannon from gmx.ch</a>)
|
||
<BR>linux-questions-only (linux-questions-only@ssc.com)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hi Answer Gang
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I was just reading the 'August 2001 - Nr.69' Issue. In your 2 Cent Tip's
|
||
there was a Question called
|
||
' <A HREF="<TT>../issue69/lg_tips69.html#tips/11"
|
||
>Cannot Format Network Drive</A> </TT>'.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
If i understood it right (english isn't my mother language) the person
|
||
wanted to wipe off every Partition and bevome a new clean and crispy
|
||
Harddisk?
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Well, in this case i have another little Tip for him (or others with the
|
||
same problem).
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I sometimes have the same or similar Problem, especially when the System
|
||
hosts Linux and Win200 or WinME. In this cases i use a Bootstrap Killer
|
||
Programm called zap wich comes from IBM.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Unfortunately it's only avaiable for DOS, but it's a nice litte
|
||
utillity. You can get it from the IBM Storage Homepage or from this URL
|
||
"<A HREF="http://service.boulder.ibm.com/storage/hddtech/zap.exe"
|
||
>http://service.boulder.ibm.com/storage/hddtech/zap.exe</A>" and it has
|
||
approx. 18 KB.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I know it's definitely not a LINUX Answer, but maybe it's a useful Hint.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Sincerely
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Matthias Egger
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 14 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/15"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Re: [LG 71] 2c Tips #9</FONT></H3>
|
||
Mon, 01 Oct 2001 15:30:18 -0400
|
||
<BR>martin leisner (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2315">mleisner from eng.mc.xerox.com</a>)
|
||
<BR>linux-questions-only (linux-questions-only@ssc.com)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
I found the gnu make documentation to be excellent reading. Part of it
|
||
is tutorial.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
--
|
||
Marty Leisner
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 15 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/16"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Re: [LG 71] 2c Tips #10-signwriting</FONT></H3>
|
||
Fri, 26 Oct 2001 12:26:01 -0700
|
||
<BR>LBrown (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?subject=%20Re%3A%20%5BLG%2072%5D%202c%20Tips%20%2316">starwings from jps.net</a>)
|
||
<BR>linux-questions-only (linux-questions-only@ssc.com)
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
This is in response to the
|
||
<A HREF="<TT>../issue71/lg_tips71.html#tips/10</TT>"
|
||
>Re: signwriting</A> question last
|
||
issue.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<HR width="10%" align="center"><P><STRONG>
|
||
Hi,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I was wondering if by signwriting application, Steve Gosden meant
|
||
signwiritng as in the written form of Signed Languages including American
|
||
Sign Language?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Ben]
|
||
Hmm. It could be, I suppose; the question was pretty ambiguous.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Here is a site that is dedicated to it:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.signwriting.org"
|
||
>http://www.signwriting.org</A>
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Im hoping to write a signwriting program as soon as both my signwriting and
|
||
my programming are up to it.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Here is the part of the site that provides source code, applications and
|
||
programming information for writing software utilizing signwriting:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><BLOCKQuote>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.signwriting.org/forums/software/software.html"
|
||
>http://www.signwriting.org/forums/software/software.html</A>
|
||
</BLOCKQuote></STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Ben]
|
||
Very interesting site, Lisa! I'm afraid that I know very little about
|
||
implementing sign languages on a computer - despite knowing a little bit of
|
||
ASL (learned from the docents at the Renaissance Fair while working there.)
|
||
It would actually be an interesting challenge... Linux, along with the Unix
|
||
community in general, has supported access for people with disabilities
|
||
from its very early days - there is accessibility stuff built right into X,
|
||
there's lots of support for Braille output devices, and the Emacs "Audio
|
||
Desktop" is billed as "the first zero-cost Internet access solution for
|
||
blind and visually impaired users." A signwriting program would fit in
|
||
well, and (I would think) would be well received.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Hmm. I can visualize a sign "editor" that would let you build each symbol
|
||
in the "sign group", one piece at a time, then let you jump to the next
|
||
position using a set of keys for direction... yeah, definitely a bit of a
|
||
challenge.
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> Best of luck, and please let us know if and when you have
|
||
something usable; I'm sure that there are a number of folks in the Linux
|
||
community who would be interested in the results.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
thank you and gentle day,
|
||
Lisa Brown
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
[Ben]
|
||
<smile> I like that. The same to you, Lisa, in double measure.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 16 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<P> <A NAME="tips/17"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="navy">Tech Tips from Linux Journal</FONT></H3>
|
||
|
||
<P><DL><DT>
|
||
Subscribe to LJ's Tech Tips:
|
||
<DD><A HREF="http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/subscribe/lja-sub.html"
|
||
>http://noframes.linuxjournal.com/subscribe/lja-sub.html</A>
|
||
</DL></P>
|
||
|
||
<h4 align="center"><br>How to lie about your uptime
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Bogus uptime, anyone?
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The longer the uptime of your Linux box, the cooler you are, right? To
|
||
be cool without leaving your machine on, go to
|
||
<TT>/usr/src/linux/kernel/timer.c</TT> and change the line:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>unsigned long volatile jiffies;
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
to get a bigger uptime at boot. Example:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>unsigned long volatile jiffies = 0x00010000;
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
will start with a 655.36 second (more than 10 min.) uptime. Bigger
|
||
values are left as an exercise for the reader.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<HR width="10%" align="center">
|
||
<h4 align="center"><br>Adding many users at once
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<P>
|
||
It's back to school time and that means adding many users at once. No
|
||
need to do it manually; add many users and set their passwords from a
|
||
single file with the newusers program.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<P>
|
||
It's included with <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</A>; if your distribution doesn't have it, get
|
||
the source from the Debian web site:
|
||
<A HREF="http://packages.debian.org/stable/base/passwd.html"
|
||
>http://packages.debian.org/stable/base/passwd.html</A>
|
||
</P>
|
||
<HR width="10%" align="center">
|
||
<h4 align="center"><br>Speeding up Debian APT using Squid
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<P>
|
||
If you have several Debian boxes, speed up software updates and be
|
||
kind to the Debian mirrors. Install Squid on one of them and configure
|
||
APT to use it with:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>Acquire
|
||
{
|
||
http
|
||
{
|
||
Proxy "http://webproxy.example.com:3128/";
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
(If your distribution has automatic upgrades but won't use an HTTP
|
||
proxy, file a bug report.)
|
||
</P>
|
||
<HR width="10%" align="center">
|
||
<h4 align="center"><br>Blocking the Nimda worm
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The Linux Journal web site, like others, is getting a lot of traffic
|
||
from the Windows worm du jour. Here's the cron job our sysadmin team
|
||
is using to block them from our <A HREF="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</A>-based site.
|
||
</P>
|
||
<p align="center">See attached <tt><a href="misc/tips/block-nimda.sh.txt">block-nimda.sh.txt</a></tt></p>
|
||
<HR width="10%" align="center">
|
||
<h4 align="center"><br>Making Caps Lock work like Control (in X)
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<P>
|
||
To make your Caps Lock key think it's a Control key, put this in the
|
||
Keyboard section of <TT>/etc/X11/XF86Config:</TT>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre> XkbOptions "ctrl:nocaps"
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 17 -->
|
||
<P> <hr> </p>
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<H5 align="center">This page edited and maintained by the Editors
|
||
of <I>Linux Gazette</I>
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html"
|
||
>Copyright ©</a> 2001
|
||
<BR>Published in issue 72 of <I>Linux Gazette</I> November 2001</H5>
|
||
<H6 ALIGN="center">HTML script maintained by
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:star@starshine.org">Heather Stern</a> of
|
||
Starshine Technical Services,
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.starshine.org/">http://www.starshine.org/</A>
|
||
</H6>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">Linux User Caricatures</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:francka1@dingoblue.net.au">Franck Alcidi</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> Freehand art and images constructed in the GIMP.
|
||
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<LI> <A HREF="misc/alcidi/debian_geek.jpg">The Debian Geek</A>
|
||
<LI> <A HREF="misc/alcidi/redhat_geek.jpg">The RedHat Geek</A>
|
||
<LI> <A HREF="misc/alcidi/suse_geek.jpg">The SuSE Geek</A>
|
||
<LI> <A HREF="misc/alcidi/mandrake_geek.jpg">The Mandrake Geek</A>
|
||
<LI> <A HREF="misc/alcidi/tux_mandrake.jpg">Tux-edo</A>
|
||
<LI> <A HREF="misc/alcidi/tux_rh7_color.jpg">Tux wearing a <STRONG>red</STRONG>hat</A>
|
||
<LI> <A HREF="misc/alcidi/gnu_bill.jpg">GNU -v- Bill Gates</A>
|
||
</UL>
|
||
|
||
<H3>Comments on the images</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P> <STRONG>Debian Geek:</STRONG> Debian is seen as the real hackers distro.
|
||
The character I drew is based on the hard core hacker. He is poor
|
||
and wears daggy clothes because thats all he can afford. He
|
||
tends to have long hair thats tied back and usually has that tough
|
||
distinctive goaty or unshaven look.
|
||
|
||
<P> <STRONG>Redhat Geek:</STRONG>This chap is the businessman, corporate geek
|
||
and usually tends to be in the older generation. Of course as you get older
|
||
you lose hair, put on weight and tend to need glasses.
|
||
<IMG ALT=":)" SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" WIDTH="20" HEIGHT="24">
|
||
|
||
<P> <STRONG>Suse Geek:</STRONG> I see the suse geek as a young guy, usually
|
||
from germany who might have blond or red hair and with plenty of freckles.
|
||
Not quite the hacker yet and not old enough to be taken too serious yet in
|
||
the corporate arena.
|
||
|
||
<P> <STRONG>Mandrake Geek:</STRONG> Ok... this one is good. This chap (baby) is
|
||
the new distro on the market(compared to the others anyway). He is always
|
||
seen as a new lunix user hence the baby look, and the distro is regarded as
|
||
one best for beginners to learn who might be migrating from windows to linux.
|
||
|
||
<P> You can view my other artwork and sketches on my
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.ozemail.com.au/~geisha/projects.html">projects page</A>.
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Franck Alcidi</H4>
|
||
<EM>Franck is an artist in Australia. His home page ("Ausmosis") is
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.ozemail.com.au/~geisha/projects.html">http://www.ozemail.com.au/~geisha/projects.html</A>.</EM>
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2001, Franck Alcidi.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 72 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, November 2001</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">PDF Service with Samba</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:jbright@winfordeng.com">John Bright</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H2>Introduction</H2>
|
||
PDF documents provide a great way to pass around documents on the Internet. They have many
|
||
uses, such as sending quotes and invoices to business clients. Two of the main reasons the PDF
|
||
format is so popular is that it preserves all of the document's formatting exactly and it is
|
||
easily viewable on almost all platforms. For many computer users stuck in the Windows paradigm,
|
||
creating PDF documents means forking over precious cash to the folks at Adobe. However, this
|
||
article will show you how to use Linux, Samba, and Ghostscript to provide a PDF creation service
|
||
to both Windows and Linux users. Of course, all of this can be obtained for free.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
First, let's take a look at the overall scheme of operation. We will use Samba to provide a
|
||
"pseudo-printer" service (it will look like a standard printer to clients)
|
||
that will use Ghostscript to create a PDF document out of any Postscript printer job that is queued
|
||
onto it. We will then configure the Windows machines to use this shared printer and send jobs
|
||
to it in Postscript form.
|
||
|
||
<H2>Samba</H2>
|
||
<a href="http://www.samba.org">Samba</a> is a great piece of software that runs on Linux/UNIX and
|
||
allows you to share files and printers with Windows machines. Samba provides services that
|
||
are compatible with the standard "Windows Networking" services provided by Windows
|
||
95/98/NT/etc computers. Before we get into configuring Samba for our purposes, you'll need
|
||
to make sure that the Samba server is installed on your Linux system. As always, you can
|
||
download the Samba source from <a href="http://www.samba.org">www.samba.org</a>, but generally the easiest
|
||
way to install it on your system is by installing the "samba" package provided by
|
||
Debian, Red Hat, or whoever.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
If this is your first time installing Samba, you will want to review/edit some of the basic
|
||
configuration options in the smb.conf (look in /etc or /etc/samba) configuration file. The
|
||
main things to watch in order to get your services up and running are the security policy
|
||
(security=share or security=user) and the "guest account" setting. For details of
|
||
configuring Samba, refer to the Samba documentation at <a href="http://www.samba.org">
|
||
www.samba.org</a> or the <a href="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/SMB-HOWTO.html">SMB HOWTO</a>.
|
||
A complete sample (low-security) configuration file will be shown later.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
It is probably advisable to test your connection and authentication method (if any) by creating a
|
||
simple file share for your clients. In any event, once your clients are able to connect to
|
||
your Samba server, we are ready to create the PDF "pseudo-printer". First, though,
|
||
let's make sure we have the right utilities to actually produce the PDF documents.
|
||
|
||
<H2>Ghostscript</H2>
|
||
Ghostscript is another great application that can be used on a Linux system. Ghostscript is
|
||
often used to convert Postscript into the correct raw format for a printer, but it can also
|
||
be used to convert between Postscript and PDF formats. Ghostscript comes installed on many
|
||
distributions in order to provide printer support. If the "gs" command is available
|
||
on your system, then Ghostscript is probably already installed. Otherwise, you can
|
||
install your distribution's package (ghostscript on Red Hat, gs or gs-aladdin on Debian) or
|
||
download the source from
|
||
<a href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/">http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/</a> if you're
|
||
feeling adventurous.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
The Ghostscript package includes a script called ps2pdf that makes the conversion of
|
||
Postscript to PDF quite easy. Now that we have this utility available, we can begin
|
||
the creation of our PDF service on Samba.
|
||
|
||
<H2>Bringing It Together</H2>
|
||
First, let's review a typical bare-bones printer share in Samba (from
|
||
the smb.conf file):
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<pre>
|
||
[hpdeskjet]
|
||
path = /tmp
|
||
printable = yes
|
||
writeable = no
|
||
create mask = 0700
|
||
guest ok = yes
|
||
printer name = lp
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<EM>(Note the silent "e" in <CODE>writeable</CODE>. The configuration file has
|
||
it even though the ordinary word doesn't. The same applies to
|
||
<CODE>browseable</CODE> below. Actually, Samba accepts it either way, but
|
||
Samba's manpages use <CODE>writeable</CODE>.)</EM>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Normally, when a print job is spooled to this share, a command such as lpr is run
|
||
to transfer the job to the Linux printing system. Our method here is to use the
|
||
excellent configurability of Samba to specify an alternate printing command in place
|
||
of lpr. Specifically, the configuration variable is called "print command".
|
||
The specified command is executed, and any occurrence of %f or %s in the "print command"
|
||
variable will be replaced by the name of the printer spool file that was sent in
|
||
by the windows client. For example, to simply discard any print jobs, this line could
|
||
be placed in the above printer configuration:
|
||
<pre>
|
||
print command = /bin/rm %f
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
This brings up another important point: whatever print command is specified must delete
|
||
the spool files, or else they will eventually pile up and fill your disk.
|
||
|
||
<h3>Print Script</h3>
|
||
Our print script will accept one command-line argument: the name of the print spool file,
|
||
which is assumed to be in Postscript format. It will then convert this into the PDF document
|
||
and place it in an accessible location. Clients will be able to retrieve the finished
|
||
product by using the file sharing services of Samba. For example, if a directory named
|
||
"/shr" is shared by Samba, we could place finished PDF documents in
|
||
/shr/pdfdropbox/. Be sure to mkdir whatever directory you choose.
|
||
Also, you must be sure that you give write permission to the Samba user (the nobody user
|
||
in this example) or it will not be able to create any PDFs. In this example, you
|
||
would want to:
|
||
<pre>
|
||
chown nobody /shr/pdfdropbox
|
||
chmod u+rwx /shr/pdfdropbox
|
||
</pre>
|
||
Here is the complete, yet simple print script, called printpdf, also available
|
||
in <a href="misc/bright/printpdf.sh.txt">text format</a>. On our Linux system, we'll place
|
||
the script at /usr/bin/printpdf
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<pre>
|
||
#!/bin/sh
|
||
|
||
# Simple script to convert a specified postscript file into a PDF document
|
||
# and place it in a location that is shared by the Samba server.
|
||
#
|
||
# Arguments:
|
||
# 1st - The name of the spool file
|
||
#
|
||
# John Bright, 2001, jbright@winfordeng.com
|
||
|
||
# We will create the pdf into a temporary file based upon the current date and time.
|
||
# After we are finished, we'll rename it to a file with the same date, but ending
|
||
# in .pdf. We do this because if a user tries to open a PDF that is still being written,
|
||
# they will get a message that it is corrupt, when it is actually just not done yet.
|
||
|
||
DATE=`date +%b%d-%H%M%S`
|
||
|
||
# Directory in which to place the output
|
||
# Be sure this directory exists and is writable by the user that Samba
|
||
# is running as (for example, the nobody user)
|
||
OUTDIR=/shr/pdfdropbox
|
||
|
||
ps2pdf $1 $OUTDIR/$DATE.temp
|
||
mv $OUTDIR/$DATE.temp $OUTDIR/$DATE.pdf
|
||
rm $1
|
||
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
I said it was simple, right? There's really not much to it once we have all of the tools
|
||
together.
|
||
|
||
<h3>Finish the Samba Setup</h3>
|
||
Now that we have seen everything that goes into the PDF service on the Linux side,
|
||
we can finish the Samba configuration file. Here is an example smb.conf file that
|
||
gets the job done. It is a little low on security, but that keeps everything simple.
|
||
You can download this file from <a href="misc/bright/smb.conf.1.txt">here</a>.
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<pre>
|
||
[global]
|
||
guest account = nobody
|
||
invalid users = root
|
||
|
||
; Tighten security just a little: only allow local access
|
||
interfaces = 127.0.0.1 eth0
|
||
bind interfaces only = Yes
|
||
; This assumes you are on a local network with 192.168.x.x IP addresses
|
||
hosts allow = 192.168.
|
||
|
||
; Share-level security is generally easier, although not as secure
|
||
security=share
|
||
|
||
workgroup=WORKGROUP
|
||
|
||
; Set up a public share, this will be used to retrieve PDFs
|
||
; The name of the share will be seen as "shr" by Windows users
|
||
[shr]
|
||
path = /shr
|
||
browseable = yes
|
||
writeable = yes
|
||
guest ok = yes
|
||
force user = nobody
|
||
|
||
; Set up our PDF-creation print service
|
||
[pdf]
|
||
path = /tmp
|
||
printable = yes
|
||
guest ok = yes
|
||
print command = /usr/bin/printpdf %s
|
||
|
||
; There is no need to support listing or removing print jobs,
|
||
; since the server begins to process them as soon as they arrive.
|
||
; So, we set the lpq (list queued jobs) and lprm (remove jobs in queue)
|
||
; commands to be empty.
|
||
lpq command =
|
||
lprm command =
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Of course, you will need to start/restart Samba after you have created/edited the smb.conf
|
||
configuration file to your liking.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<h2>Setting Up a Windows Client</h2>
|
||
You should now be able to go ahead and install the shared PDF
|
||
printer as a network printer on your Windows client machine.
|
||
To do this, find the printer share under Network Neighborhood,
|
||
right-click, and select Install. During installation, you will
|
||
be asked to pick a printer driver. Just select some Postscript printer
|
||
driver, for example, the HP LaserJet 5P/5MP PostScript.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
To briefly explain how this is fitting together, the PDF service on your Linux
|
||
machine is expecting to receive input in Postscript format. Since our printpdf script
|
||
receives the print job exactly as it was sent by the Windows client, this means we need to
|
||
have the Windows clients send print jobs in Postscript form. As described above, this
|
||
is done by selecting a driver for any Postscript printer on the Windows client when
|
||
the PDF network printer is installed. I generally select some variety of
|
||
HP Laserjet PS printer from Windows' printer driver list
|
||
(such as the HP LaserJet 5P/5MP PostScript, as noted above) although it
|
||
doesn't matter a whole lot because all of the Microsoft-supplied
|
||
Postscript drivers use the same core driver to
|
||
generate the Postscript.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Once you have the PDF network printer installed on your Windows machine,
|
||
simply print anything from any program to your new network printer,
|
||
and you should have a PDF document waiting for
|
||
you shortly.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<h3>Streamlining</h3>
|
||
If you have an office full of non-computer-savvy folks, it would probably be more trouble
|
||
than it's worth to try to have them go through the installation process and select an
|
||
appropriate printer driver. If you have ever installed a network printer from another Windows
|
||
machine, you have probably noticed how the printer driver is automagically copied to your
|
||
machine so that you are never even prompted for a driver. We can do the same thing with Samba.
|
||
First, you should set up a file share on your Linux machine named "printer$" (without the
|
||
quotes). We'll make the path for the printer$ share be /etc/samba/printdrivers/ (you'll have to
|
||
mkdir the directory). The clients will simply use this share to obtain the printer driver files during
|
||
installation.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Now we need to find out which driver files must be copied into the printer$ share directory.
|
||
We also need to give Samba a printer definition so it can tell the client which driver files
|
||
it needs. It turns out all this is taken care of in one step thanks to a Samba utility called
|
||
make_printerdef. This utility requires you to have the Windows INF file that defines your
|
||
printer and know the full title, such as "HP LaserJet 5P/5MP PostScript". You will
|
||
need to find which INF file your printer is defined in. For example, this LaserJet is defined
|
||
in C:\WINDOWS\INF\MSPRINT3.INF. Note that C:\WINDOWS\INF is a hidden directory.
|
||
Copy this file onto your Linux machine and use the
|
||
make_printerdef utility to create a local printer definition file that Samba will read.
|
||
For example:
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<pre>
|
||
make_printerdef MSPRINT3.INF "HP LaserJet 5P/5MP PostScript" >> /etc/samba/printers.def
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Here we redirected standard output to the printers.def file to create the printer
|
||
configuration. The make_printerdef program also outputs some explanation on standard
|
||
error which you will see. It should tell you which driver files you need. You can
|
||
find these in C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM or C:\WINDOWS and you should copy them into the path
|
||
of your printer$ share on the Linux machine (in our case, /etc/samba/printerdrivers/).
|
||
The printers.def file that we have
|
||
created (or appended to) here does not need to be shared to the Windows machines,
|
||
it is only read by Samba. Now we just have to tell Samba about the printers.def file
|
||
and our driver files. This is done with the "printer driver file" setting
|
||
in the global section and the "printer driver" and "printer driver
|
||
location" settings in each printer section of smb.conf. The following revised
|
||
smb.conf file shows how these settings are used, and also shows an example of a
|
||
printer$ share. You can download this configuration file from
|
||
<a href="misc/bright/smb.conf.2.txt">here</a>.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<pre>
|
||
[global]
|
||
guest account = nobody
|
||
invalid users = root
|
||
|
||
; Tighten security just a little: only allow local access
|
||
interfaces = 127.0.0.1 eth0
|
||
bind interfaces only = Yes
|
||
; This assumes you are on a local network with 192.168.x.x IP addresses
|
||
hosts allow = 192.168.
|
||
|
||
; Share-level security is generally easier, although not as secure
|
||
security=share
|
||
|
||
workgroup=WORKGROUP
|
||
|
||
printer driver file = /etc/samba/printers.def
|
||
|
||
; Set up a public share, this will be used to retrieve PDFs
|
||
; The name of the share will be seen as "shr" by Windows users
|
||
[shr]
|
||
path = /shr
|
||
browseable = yes
|
||
writeable = yes
|
||
guest ok = yes
|
||
force user = nobody
|
||
|
||
; Set up our PDF-creation print service
|
||
[pdf]
|
||
path = /tmp
|
||
printable = yes
|
||
guest ok = yes
|
||
print command = /usr/bin/printpdf %s
|
||
|
||
; There is no need to support listing or removing print jobs,
|
||
; since the server begins to process them as soon as they arrive.
|
||
; So, we set the lpq (list queued jobs) and lprm (remove jobs in queue)
|
||
; commands to be empty.
|
||
lpq command =
|
||
lprm command =
|
||
|
||
; We already defined the printer driver definition file above.
|
||
; Here we need to specify the entry in that file that should be used
|
||
; for this printer.
|
||
printer driver = HP LaserJet 5P/5MP PostScript
|
||
printer driver location = \\%h\printer$
|
||
|
||
; File share to allow clients to download printer drivers
|
||
[printer$]
|
||
path = /etc/samba/printdrivers
|
||
guest ok = yes
|
||
read only = yes
|
||
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<h2>Setting Up a Linux Client</h2>
|
||
This section isn't necessary for providing a PDF service to Windows clients. This section
|
||
describes the procedure for using the PDF service from Linux clients.
|
||
The service probably isn't quite as useful
|
||
for the Linux clients, since they can more easily install all the necessary tools on their
|
||
own machines, but it still
|
||
might be useful to have a centralized PDF creation service. (Side note: Ghostscript is
|
||
available for the Windows platform, but most users would probably find it quite difficult
|
||
compared to the printer service-based technique described here.) Also, the technique used to
|
||
print to the PDF service can be used to print to any other printer service shared by Samba
|
||
or Windows, so it is good information to cover.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
There are numerous ways that you can print to a Windows printer share from Linux. Probably the
|
||
best is to list the smbprint script (which uses smbclient) as a filter in an /etc/printcap entry.
|
||
When this method is used, a Windows shared printer can be used with the standard lpr command
|
||
that Linux users and applications are accustomed to. You will need to make sure you have both
|
||
the smbprint and smbclient programs on your computer. The smbclient program is in the
|
||
"smbclient" package on Debian systems and the "samba-client" package on
|
||
Red Hat systems. On Red Hat, the smbprint script is included with the
|
||
"samba-client" package. On Debian, it is included with the "samba-doc"
|
||
package as well as a different version in the "printfilters-ppd"
|
||
package and "lprngtool". There are so many different versions floating around that
|
||
I thought it best to include a copy here. You can download it from <a href="misc/bright/smbprint.sh.txt">
|
||
here</a>. In any event, I'll assume that you have a working smbprint at /usr/bin/smbprint and
|
||
that it is executable (chmod +x /usr/bin/smbprint). Here is the smbprint script:
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<pre>
|
||
#!/bin/sh
|
||
# This script is an input filter for printcap printing on a UNIX machine. It
|
||
# uses the smbclient program to print the file to the specified smb-based
|
||
# server and service.
|
||
# For example you could have a printcap entry like this
|
||
#
|
||
# smb:lp=/dev/null:sd=/usr/spool/smb:sh:if=/usr/local/samba/smbprint
|
||
#
|
||
# which would create a UNIX printer called "smb" that will print via this
|
||
# script. You will need to create the spool directory /usr/spool/smb with
|
||
# appropriate permissions and ownerships for your system.
|
||
|
||
# Set these to the server and service you wish to print to
|
||
# In this example I have a Windows for Workgroups PC called "lapland" that has
|
||
# a printer exported called "printer" with no password.
|
||
|
||
#
|
||
# Script further altered by hamiltom@ecnz.co.nz (Michael Hamilton)
|
||
# so that the server, service, and password can be read from
|
||
# a /usr/var/spool/lpd/PRINTNAME/.config file.
|
||
#
|
||
# In order for this to work the /etc/printcap entry must include an
|
||
# accounting file (af=...):
|
||
#
|
||
# cdcolour:\
|
||
# :cm=CD IBM Colorjet on 6th:\
|
||
# :sd=/var/spool/lpd/cdcolour:\
|
||
# :af=/var/spool/lpd/cdcolour/acct:\
|
||
# :if=/usr/local/etc/smbprint:\
|
||
# :mx=0:\
|
||
# :lp=/dev/null:
|
||
#
|
||
# The /usr/var/spool/lpd/PRINTNAME/.config file should contain:
|
||
# share=PC_SERVER
|
||
# user="user"
|
||
# password="password"
|
||
#
|
||
# Please, do not modify the order in the file.
|
||
# Example:
|
||
# share=\\server\deskjet
|
||
# user="fred"
|
||
# password=""
|
||
|
||
#
|
||
# The last parameter to the filter is the accounting file name.
|
||
# Extract the directory name from the file name.
|
||
# Concatenate this with /.config to get the config file.
|
||
#
|
||
eval acct_file=\$$#
|
||
spool_dir=`dirname $acct_file`
|
||
config_file=$spool_dir/.config
|
||
|
||
# Should read the following variables set in the config file:
|
||
# share
|
||
# hostip
|
||
# user
|
||
# password
|
||
|
||
eval `cat $config_file`
|
||
|
||
share=`echo $share | sed "s/[\]/\//g"`
|
||
|
||
if [ "$user" != "" ]; then
|
||
usercmd="-U"
|
||
else
|
||
usercmd=""
|
||
fi
|
||
|
||
if [ "$workgroup" != "" ]; then
|
||
workgroupcmd="-W"
|
||
else
|
||
workgroupcmd=""
|
||
fi
|
||
|
||
if [ "$translate" = "yes" ]; then
|
||
command="translate ; print -"
|
||
else
|
||
command="print -"
|
||
fi
|
||
#echo $share $password $translate $x_command > /tmp/smbprint.log
|
||
|
||
cat | /usr/bin/smbclient "$share" "$password" -E ${hostip:+-I} \
|
||
$hostip -N -P $usercmd "$user" $workgroupcmd "$workgroup" \
|
||
-c "$command" 2>/dev/null
|
||
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
The next step is to add a new /etc/printcap entry and list the smbprint script as a filter.
|
||
Here is an example printcap entry (or complete file), also available as a
|
||
<A HREF="misc/bright/printcap.txt">text file</A>:
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<pre>
|
||
# PDF Service entry
|
||
|
||
lp|pdf|PDF Printer:\
|
||
:lp=/dev/null:sh:\
|
||
:sd=/var/spool/lpd/pdf:\
|
||
:af=/var/spool/lpd/pdf/acct:\
|
||
:mx#0:sh:\
|
||
:if=/usr/bin/smbprint:
|
||
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
You will need to create the spool directory /var/spool/lpd/pdf/
|
||
(or if you have LPRng, run checkpc -f). Be sure to keep the accounting file line in the
|
||
printcap entry, and be sure the accounting file is located in the same directory as your
|
||
.config file, as this is how the smbprint script finds the .config file.
|
||
Also, it is standard procedure to have the system's default
|
||
printer named "lp" as shown above. If you already have a /etc/printcap file and
|
||
would like to retain your existing default printer, you should remove the leading
|
||
"lp|" from the entry shown above. Next,
|
||
you need to create a configuration file named ".config". You should create this
|
||
at /var/spool/lpd/pdf/.config . The .config file defines which server the print job
|
||
should be sent to. Here is an example:
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<pre>
|
||
share=//yourserver/pdf
|
||
user=""
|
||
password=""
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Here, yourserver should be replaced by the name of the computer providing the PDF service.
|
||
If you have any trouble with this,
|
||
make sure that the smbprint script has permission to read
|
||
the .config file, or you may be scratching your head for a while. Probably the safest way,
|
||
at least at first, is to give read permission to all, for example: chmod a+r /var/spool/lpd/pdf/.config
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Finally, to print to the PDF service from Linux, invoke the command:
|
||
<pre>
|
||
lpr -Ppdf file_to_print.ps
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
on a Postscript file. This can also be used from within most applications. For example,
|
||
listing "lpr -Ppdf" as the print command in Netscape will allow you to create a
|
||
PDF document from a web page.
|
||
|
||
<h2>Viewing PDF Documents</h2>
|
||
The final topic to be covered deals with how to view PDF documents.
|
||
Everybody knows the standard on Windows is Adobe Acrobat Reader, but there
|
||
are many more options on Linux. Unfortunately, none of the current options on Linux seem to be quite
|
||
as dependable as Reader on Windows, but they are still very workable. The main options are:
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>acroread - Adobe has a nice version of Acrobat Reader for Linux</li>
|
||
<li>gv - Viewer that uses ghostscript to interpret the PDF</li>
|
||
<li>gnome-gv - Also uses ghostscript, but has a nicer user interface</li>
|
||
<li>xpdf - A nice lean PDF viewer, but not a fancy interface</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
In my opinion, gnome-gv has the nicest user interface. It is based on GTK+, so things
|
||
like the mouse scroll wheel work without any special consideration. Unfortunately, it will
|
||
fail to read some PDF documents and display a nasty-looking error from ghostscript. From
|
||
my experience, acroread is very good about being able to interpret documents. In the past
|
||
I have had some trouble with it crashing, but I think it has gotten better since then.
|
||
I have rarely used gv, but I imagine it has the same problem as gnome-gv since they are
|
||
both based on ghostscript. Finally, xpdf is a very stable PDF reader.
|
||
I don't recall every having it crash, and it usually has no problem interpreting documents.
|
||
Still, there is an occasional problem, and the displayed quality of the document often
|
||
isn't quite up to par. It doesn't have a full feature list, but it is a good viewer
|
||
to keep around. All this may sound scary, but be assured that on average, PDF viewing on
|
||
Linux is not a problem.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<I>Have fun and good luck!</I>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">John Bright</H4>
|
||
<EM>John Bright is a partner in
|
||
<a href="http://www.winfordeng.com">Winford Engineering</a>
|
||
and flawlessly performs his assigned programming and Linux
|
||
administration duties :). He also administers several Linux/UNIX
|
||
computers at a local university and always has several
|
||
Linux-related projects to keep him busy.</EM>
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2001, John Bright.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 72 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, November 2001</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">SAGU, Free Software for Academic Administration</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:cesar@brod.com.br">Cesar Brod</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Cesar Brod</H4>
|
||
<EM>Cesar Brod got first involved with Linux in 1993 when he needed a "Unix"
|
||
that he could use in his computer in order to emulate problems he was having
|
||
in a System V based machine. Cesar has been in the computer industry
|
||
since 1980, working for companies such as NCR, BASF, Tandem/Compaq and ACI,
|
||
most of the time providing software and hardware system support for these
|
||
companies' customers and working with pre-sales. In 1998 Cesar decided he
|
||
had got enough of big cities and moved with his wife and three daughters
|
||
back to a very small city in the south of Brazil, Arroio do Meio, where he
|
||
had spent the best of his childhood in the late 60s. In 1999 Cesar proposed
|
||
his services to Univates, a University in the neighboring city of Lajeado,
|
||
where he is now the IT Manager and coordinates software development. Cesar
|
||
is also one of the coordinators of the Free Software Project of the State of
|
||
Rio Grande do Sul.</EM>
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<BIGGER><STRONG>I</STRONG></BIGGER>n 1999 I was hired by Univates to head their IT department. The major problem
|
||
they had at the time was their proprietary-software based academic/administrative/financial
|
||
system, which clearly would not be able to handle the data of the new students
|
||
that would be enrolled in the coming term. The easy alternative would be to
|
||
buy a proprietary solution, but the amount of customization that would be
|
||
required and the prohibitive cost of the software forced our community-owned University
|
||
to search for alternatives. Being a Linux user since 1993,
|
||
I was already thinking we could build a new system, totally based on free software.
|
||
A PHP tutorial at the 1999 LinuxWorld Expo, and some conversations with people
|
||
already using PHP were the necessary information I needed to produce a development
|
||
plan that was approved by the rectors.
|
||
<P>
|
||
In the beginning of 2000 we started the writing of SAGU, using the same
|
||
ER (Entity-Relationship) model used by the old system. From the beginning,
|
||
SAGU was conceived to have a web-based (browser) user interface, so the user
|
||
would be platform independent - we already had a plan to migrate the user
|
||
desktop to Linux. We started the development using the MySQL database server,
|
||
and as in that time, MySQL didn't have transaction support, we migrated the
|
||
development to PostgreSQL. As we didn't have previous experience with MySQL
|
||
or PostgreSQL we decided SAGU should also be database independent, so we created
|
||
a structure (actually, a PHP program) called common.php, which would handle
|
||
database connections - if we ever needed to change to another database, the
|
||
only program we would change was common.php. Later, after a visit by Mr.
|
||
Rasmus Lerdorf to our University, we decided we would stick to PostgreSQL
|
||
and created a new transactional/presentation base for SAGU and all of our
|
||
free software projects, called MIOLO, but this is another article...
|
||
<P>
|
||
SAGU stands for Sistema Aberto de Gestão Unificada, which translates
|
||
into English to Open Unified Management System. In a nutshell, SAGU automates
|
||
all the relationships between the students and their educational
|
||
institution, from the moment the student enrolls for the entrance exam until
|
||
after he/she graduates.
|
||
<P>
|
||
SAGU went live on July 2000. The first production version was developed
|
||
in less than six months by a group of three developers. SAGU subsystems try
|
||
to mimic the functions of the educational institution, so, it has modules
|
||
that handle the entrance exam (optical reading of the student answers, classification,
|
||
classroom assignment) the enrollment process (which courses the student may
|
||
choose for a given term, prerequisites), the academic data (grades, academic
|
||
history), financial and accounting data (payments, credits, scholarship, interface
|
||
with the banks and other accounting/ERP systems) and reporting tools.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Now, SAGU is being rewritten using Object Orientation techniques, and all
|
||
of the database transactions and presentation logic is going to be handled
|
||
by MIOLO (MIOLO is the Portuguese word for the inside part of a bread).
|
||
<P>
|
||
More information on SAGU, along with the source code, can be obtained at
|
||
<a href="http://sagu.codigoaberto.org.br">http://sagu.codigoaberto.org.br</a>
|
||
. Unfortunately, for English readers (most of you, I believe) most of the
|
||
information is in Portuguese. There is an effort on porting it to English,
|
||
being coordinated by Kaziro in Sweden, in order to have SAGU working for
|
||
some schools in South Africa - isn't it the true beauty of Free Software?
|
||
Kaziro can be contacted at <a href="mailto:kaziro@spray.se">kaziro@spray.se</a>
|
||
.
|
||
|
||
If you are in the educational area, you may also be interested in knowing
|
||
our GNUTECA project, which is being alpha-tested in one of our libraries. GNUTECA
|
||
is a free software for library administration, including materials catalog,
|
||
loan and collaboration system. It is compatible with library standards (MARC)
|
||
and provides a good migration path for users of the CDS/ISIS system to the
|
||
free software world. GNUTECA info can be found at <a href="http://gnuteca.codigoaberto.org.br">
|
||
http://gnuteca.codigoaberto.org.br</a>.
|
||
|
||
<P><EM>Cesar will be giving a talk about SAGU at the Linux Showcase,
|
||
5 November 2001, at 1:30pm. At 8pm, he will be hosting a BoF session
|
||
on Brazilian free software.
|
||
See <A HREF="http://www.linuxshowcase.org/">http://www.linuxshowcase.org/</A></EM>
|
||
</EM>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2001, Cesar Brod.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 72 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, November 2001</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">Automated Logins Revisited</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:ajchung@email.com">Adrian J. Chung</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
As more users adopt GNU/Linux for use on their desktop PCs, machines
|
||
with only one
|
||
user are becoming increasingly common. Many new users
|
||
have little use for the multi-user logins that Linux supports. A very
|
||
common request among new desktop users is to configure their Linux
|
||
systems to automatically boot up a graphical desktop environment
|
||
(i.e. KDE or GNOME), for a single unprivileged user, without
|
||
prompting for a login ID or password.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
This question is asked so frequently I am surprised that a HOWTO has
|
||
not been written up for it. (Well, none that I can find.) This
|
||
article is in no way comprehensive enough to fulfill such a role, but
|
||
hopefully it will point users in the right direction.
|
||
|
||
<h3>Prepackaged solutions</h3>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Solutions to automated logins have been proposed before and one answer
|
||
appears in an earlier issue of Linux Gazette (<a
|
||
href="../issue27/kodis.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue27/kodis.html</a>)
|
||
The particular solution requires patching the <tt>/sbin/mingetty</tt>
|
||
program that is launched by <tt>init</tt> on bootup. (See <a
|
||
href="http://users.jagunet.com/~kodis/autologin/autologin.html">http://users.jagunet.com/~kodis/autologin/autologin.html</a>
|
||
for the patch and how to apply it.) Although automatic logins on
|
||
virtual consoles are facilitated, this by itself will not initiate a
|
||
graphical desktop. Read below for tips on how to set this up.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Alternatively one can install the <tt>autologin</tt> package (<a
|
||
href="http://www.linux-easy.com/development/autologin/">http://www.linux-easy.com/development/autologin/</a>)
|
||
This can handle the launching of graphical desktops on bootup
|
||
also. Not many GNU/Linux distributions include this as standard.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Automatic login is a feature provided by recent versions of
|
||
<tt>kdm</tt> (a KDE-style replacement for <tt>xdm</tt> -- the X11
|
||
login manager). Edit the <tt>/etc/kde2/kdmrc</tt> so that the
|
||
following lines are uncommented:
|
||
|
||
<p><pre>
|
||
AutoLoginEnable=true
|
||
AutoLoginUser=fred
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
This configures <tt>kdm</tt> to automatically login <em>fred</em> on startup,
|
||
initiating <em>fred</em>'s chosen graphical desktop environment without any
|
||
user interaction. Mandrake provides a GUI component to enable this
|
||
<tt>kdm</tt> feature, thus avoiding any messy text editing.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
But maybe one does not want nor need to install <tt>kdm</tt>. (Perhaps
|
||
there is not enough disk space, or <tt>kdm</tt> is too heavy weight
|
||
for an older PC.) Fortunately there are ways to automatically login a
|
||
user on one of the virtual consoles immediately after booting up,
|
||
without resorting to patches or additional downloads. The process can
|
||
be somewhat more involved, but it will work on a pretty minimal
|
||
GNU/Linux box -- no need to have GNOME, KDE, or QT-heavy <tt>kdm</tt>.
|
||
Even without X an automated login to a command prompt (or any other
|
||
interactive console application) on bootup can be quite handy.
|
||
|
||
<h3>The nuts-n-bolts method</h3>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Using your favourite text editor create a file named
|
||
<tt>autologinfred.c</tt> and type in this short C program:
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<pre>
|
||
int main() {
|
||
execlp( "login", "login", "-f", "fred", 0);
|
||
}
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
The <tt>execlp</tt> system call invokes the command <tt>"login -f
|
||
fred"</tt> and replaces the current processing context with this
|
||
invocation. The man page for <tt>login</tt> describes the action of
|
||
the <tt>-f<tt> argument. Compile this tiny C program using the GNU
|
||
C-compiler:
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<pre>
|
||
$ <b>gcc -o autologinfred autologinfred.c</b>
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Gain root privileges (using <tt>su</tt>) and copy the executable to a
|
||
public directory:
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<pre>
|
||
# <b>cp autologinfred /usr/local/sbin/</b>
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Now take a look at <tt>/etc/inittab</tt>. This is the configuration
|
||
file is used by <tt>init<tt>, the very first process started when
|
||
Linux initialises. You should observe lines similar to the following:
|
||
|
||
<p><pre>
|
||
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty1
|
||
2:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty2
|
||
3:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty3
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
The exact contents of <tt>/etc/inittab</tt> differ from distribution
|
||
to distribution. On Debian systems one sees:
|
||
|
||
<p><pre>
|
||
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty1
|
||
2:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty2
|
||
3:23:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty3
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Edit the line beginning with <tt>"1:2345"</tt> so that it reads as
|
||
follows:
|
||
|
||
<p><pre>
|
||
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty -n -l /usr/local/sbin/autologinfred 38400 tty1
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
The above will cause the user <em>fred</em> to be logged in
|
||
automatically on the first virtual console. On some GNU/Linux
|
||
distributions (like RedHat) <tt>/sbin/agetty</tt> must be used
|
||
instead. The <b><tt>-l <alternative login></tt></b> argument to
|
||
<tt>getty</tt> substitutes the default <tt>/sbin/login</tt> program
|
||
with the one we compiled earlier. The <b><tt>-n</tt></b> tells
|
||
<tt>getty</tt> to not prompt for a user ID.
|
||
|
||
<h3>Initiating the desktop on login</h3>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
If we reboot, the <tt>init</tt> process will automatically login the
|
||
user <em>fred</em> on the first virtual console and a command shell
|
||
will by started. User <em>fred</em> must still type in the
|
||
<tt><b>startx</b></tt> command to initiate the graphical desktop. Can
|
||
we automate this too?
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
If <em>fred</em>'s login shell is <tt>/bin/bash</tt>, the first
|
||
commands to be executed will always be listed in the file,
|
||
<tt>~fred/.bash_profile</tt>. We can add the <tt>startx</tt> command
|
||
here but this causes problems, since the <tt>.bash_profile</tt> will be
|
||
used in other situations such as when one is logging into a second
|
||
virtual console or when opening an <tt>xterm</tt>. Instead we append the
|
||
following lines:
|
||
|
||
<p><pre><b>
|
||
if [ -z "$DISPLAY" ] && [ $(tty) == /dev/tty1 ]; then
|
||
startx
|
||
fi
|
||
</b></pre>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Any new login shell started on the first virtual console will
|
||
automatically initiate a graphical desktop. The surrounding if
|
||
statement ensures that login shells launched from the desktop, or
|
||
initiated in virtual consoles other than the first one, do not
|
||
immediately start up a new GUI desktop. Users of <tt>/bin/sh</tt>
|
||
should append the above to <tt>~fred/.profile</tt>, and <tt>tcsh</tt>
|
||
users need to convert the above to the equivalent <tt>csh</tt> script.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
If there is already a GUI desktop running (via <tt>xdm</tt>,
|
||
<tt>gdm</tt> or <tt>kdm</tt>, etc) then invoke <tt><b>startx --
|
||
:1</b></tt> instead. This creates a second GUI desktop. If one need
|
||
only have one desktop active, it would be better to disable any
|
||
existing <tt>Xserver</tt> instance by reducing the run level (RedHat)
|
||
or unlinking the <tt>/etc/rc?.d/S99?dm</tt> start up configuration
|
||
files (Debian).
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3>Variations</h3>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Now whenever the machine boots, user <em>fred</em> is automatically
|
||
logged into the first virtual console, a <tt>bash</tt> login shell is
|
||
initiated, his <tt>~/.bash_profile</tt> is sourced, and
|
||
<tt>startx</tt> is invoked -- all without any user interaction or
|
||
prompting for passwords. Neat, huh?
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
We can go further by making use of the <tt>~/.xinitrc</tt> file to
|
||
initiate particular desktop applications. (<tt><b>man startx</b></tt>
|
||
for details.) Place your favourite game here and a Linux box can be
|
||
used like one of those arcade machines, minus the decorative case.
|
||
Launch an <em>Ogg Vorbis</em> player with visualisations and you can
|
||
have a dedicated music machine.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Unprompted logins can also be useful in a non-graphical context. One
|
||
could arrange to login a special user who has <tt>/usr/bin/top</tt> as
|
||
her shell. Now one virtual console will be devoted to an interactive
|
||
listing of active processes. The possibilities are limitless.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
|
||
|
||
GNU/Linux, the multi-user operating system, is steadily becoming more
|
||
popular in single user settings. In these situations one often can
|
||
dispense with the user login protocols. This article illustrates that
|
||
its roots in the UNIX world do not detract from using Linux in these
|
||
dedicated areas. With simple changes in configuration, and a small
|
||
touch of programming, one can automate the login process on most
|
||
GNU/Linux distributions and still preserve a significant measure of
|
||
flexibility.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Adrian J Chung</H4>
|
||
<EM>When not teaching undergraduate computing at the University of the West
|
||
Indies, Trinidad, Adrian is writing system level scripts to manage a network
|
||
of Linux boxes, and conducts experiments with interfacing various scripting
|
||
environments with home-brew computer graphics renderers and data visualization
|
||
libraries.</EM>
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2001, Adrian J. Chung.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 72 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, November 2001</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">Battle for the Desktop: Why Linux Isn't Winning</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:dfield58@earthlink.net">Dennis Field</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> Linux has several advantages over Windows; it's more stable,
|
||
cheaper (free, if you're able to download it), comes with tons of free
|
||
software and will happily run on systems too small for Windows. So why
|
||
isn't Linux being used on most of the PCs in the world?
|
||
|
||
<P> Some would say that the problem is that Linux is too clunky and
|
||
difficult to use. While command-line Linux is certainly not for everyone,
|
||
modern distributions include self-mounting CDs, drag & drop
|
||
functionality and other modern conveniences. There are still some rough
|
||
edges to be smoothed out, but for the average web surfer or office worker a
|
||
Gnome or KDE desktop is little different than Windows. So, again, why aren't
|
||
more people using Linux? Perhaps my experiences will help to explain. The
|
||
story you are about to read is true; only the names have been changed to
|
||
protect the inept.
|
||
|
||
<P> I work in a medium-sized bookstore (20 employees, 2.5+ million a
|
||
year). We are currently using an old DOS based Point of Sale system, but
|
||
there will be a web-based system out next year. Since this new system is
|
||
calling for Windows XP capable PC's for every cash register, this is a
|
||
considerable investment for us. However, I would estimate that we could
|
||
save $300-$400 per terminal in both licenses and reduced hardware costs by
|
||
using Linux instead. It also happens that I needed a portable workstation
|
||
for my desk (I'm trying to develop an email newsletter for our store). So I
|
||
decided to get a laptop to install Linux into, thinking that this would
|
||
give an opportunity to both learn more Linux myself and show off Linux to
|
||
everyone at work - trying to sell my manager on a non-Windows OS. Then,
|
||
when our new POS system gets up to the sales demonstration stage
|
||
(i.ei; beta test), I'd already have a Linux workstation ready to hook up to
|
||
it. Since it's supposed to be web-based, hopefully one or more of the web
|
||
browsers common to Linux should be able to interface with it correctly.
|
||
Whether our office server would work using the Apache web server is an
|
||
entirely different question, but the individual terminals throughout our
|
||
store are supposed to be, basically, web browsers.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> I began by researching different Linux distributions, quickly
|
||
narrowing it down to one of the best known names in Linux, because they
|
||
promised secure server/credit card processing support (which we would
|
||
eventually need for our web-based cash registers) and were actively pushing
|
||
a monthly service and support contract. Our POS system literally runs our
|
||
whole store, so we can't afford to just lock the doors and send everybody
|
||
home whenever we have a technical problem. I'll call this distribution
|
||
"Commercial Linux", because that's the market they were clearly aiming for.
|
||
|
||
<P> Since I couldn't afford a new laptop, I started looking on eBay
|
||
and finally found an old IBM Thinkpad for under $200 (the low price largely
|
||
due to the lack of a CD-ROM drive). A quick search on Google revealed lots
|
||
of people happily using various flavors of Linux on the exact model I was
|
||
getting. I already knew that Linux can commonly be installed in half a
|
||
dozen different ways - indeed, you can almost tie a wet string between two
|
||
monitors and install it over that - but before bidding I checked with
|
||
"Commercial Linux" and verified that a CD-ROM wasn't listed as a system
|
||
requirement. I also purchased a PCMCIA Ethernet card, again after checking
|
||
with "Commercial Linux's" Hardware Compatibility List and finding it listed
|
||
as both "supported and easily installed".
|
||
|
||
<P> I installed "Commercial Linux" on my home desktop PC and was very
|
||
impressed with the software. Plug & Play nearly on a par with Microsoft,
|
||
a definitely improved desktop, etc. The printer setup would have gone more
|
||
smoothly with better instructions, but after a few tries I has able to get
|
||
Linux to print. I set up an ftp sever, copied the install files to it and
|
||
confidently tried to install "Commercial Linux" into my newly acquired
|
||
laptop.
|
||
|
||
<P> Plan A: I hooked both desktop & laptop into an Ethernet cable and
|
||
inserted the PCMCIA boot disk into my laptop. I soon found out that my 3com
|
||
PCMCIA card is supported by the Linux kernel, but not by the PCMCIA boot
|
||
disk - not much use with a blank hard disk in my laptop. Neither the
|
||
"Commercial Linux" web site nor their beautifully laid out and well
|
||
illustrated installation manual contains a list of which network cards
|
||
actually are supported by the PCMCIA boot disk.
|
||
|
||
<P> Plan B: The "Commercial Linux" on my desktop contains a PLIP
|
||
server and their boot disk contains a PLIP driver. So I hooked up a
|
||
parallel port, ie; laplink cable and tried to do a network install. Guess
|
||
what? "Commercial Linux" doesn't provide any instructions on how to do a
|
||
network install. Their web site doesn't show it, their printed installation
|
||
guide doesn't explain it, and if you email them the question, you'll be
|
||
told that your two months of customer support (for which I paid $80)
|
||
doesn't cover network installs. So I spent a week trying every possible
|
||
option and configuration I could think and never got any connection at all.
|
||
It occurred to me early on that the "Commercial Linux" firewall, which
|
||
their installation software set up by default, was probably cutting off the
|
||
connection. Guess what? The "Commercial Linux" firewall program doesn't
|
||
contain any detailed instructions on how to configure the firewall. I
|
||
searched for "firewall" on "Commercial Linux's" web site. The most current
|
||
listing they had was generic information from three software versions
|
||
earlier. After wasting several more days trying to configure a firewall
|
||
without instructions, I gave up and simply reinstalled my desktop Linux
|
||
without a firewall. I again tried every possible option and configuration I
|
||
could think of on the PLIP server (which - big surprise - also had no
|
||
instructions) and still never got any network connection at all. In
|
||
searching the Internet, I finally found a third party web site that
|
||
mentioned that "Commercial Linux" no longer supports PLIP installs (a fact
|
||
which I confirmed by phoning them, but have never found listed anywhere on
|
||
"Commercial Linux's" own web site).
|
||
|
||
<P> Plan C: I could use my trusty Laplink cable to copy the
|
||
installation files into my laptop and simply do a hard drive install.
|
||
Sounds fairly straightforward, right? However, when I tried that, I found
|
||
out several things: While most Linux distributions let you simply copy the
|
||
directory structure onto the target hard drive, "Commercial Linux" makes
|
||
you copy an ISO9660 image file of their entire installation CD onto the
|
||
hard drive. To make matters worse, "Commercial Linux" put some of the
|
||
required packages on their second CD. So you have to copy almost 1.4GB of
|
||
installation files! (Windows 98SE requires less than 400MB, other Linux
|
||
distributions require less than 100MB of installation files for a complete
|
||
desktop system). In my case, my laptop, which exceeds the published system
|
||
requirements, doesn't have enough room for both the "Commercial Linux"
|
||
installation files and the Linux OS both at the same time. At the risk of
|
||
being truly redundant, neither the necessary procedure, nor the list of
|
||
required files, nor the actual disk space requirements were explained on
|
||
"Commercial Linux's" web site or in their installation manual. And when I
|
||
telephoned to ask them about it, their Customer Service people gave me the
|
||
wrong information. Seeking to get some OS on my laptop, I tried Windows
|
||
instead. I had never done a hard drive install of Windows, either, but I
|
||
simply copied the cab files over, clicked "install" and Windows installed
|
||
itself with nary a hiccup.
|
||
|
||
<P> Meanwhile, I played with "Commercial Linux" on my desktop. The
|
||
factory CDs contained three different versions of StarOffice: not one of
|
||
them installed correctly. There was no information on their web site as to
|
||
any problem with StarOffice, much less how to fix the problem. A quick
|
||
web search revealed several other irate "Commercial Linux" users who had
|
||
already concluded that StarOffice simply wasn't compatible with the latest
|
||
release of "Commercial Linux". I tried another word processor (again from
|
||
the factory CD). This one installed correctly, but as soon as I launched
|
||
it, it totally locked up my computer - keyboard and all. Warm booting my PC
|
||
destroyed the file system so badly that Linux wouldn't even boot! By this
|
||
point I was beginning to suspect that "Commercial Linux" never bothered to
|
||
test the 3rd party software they ship to see if it even works on their own OS!
|
||
|
||
<P> All told, I have asked "Commercial Linux" five installation
|
||
questions. I have received a total of three wrong answers, one flat refusal
|
||
to even discuss my problem and one failure to return an email. And it's not
|
||
just "Commercial Linux", either. I e-mailed four other Linux distributions,
|
||
asking each of them if they supported a hard drive install. Two of them never
|
||
responded at all, the third one emailed me back the next day saying that they
|
||
categorically refused to answer any questions unless I first gave them my
|
||
product registration number. Only one Linux distribution actually took the
|
||
time to answer my question. (guess which distribution I'm going to buy next
|
||
time?).
|
||
|
||
<P> In stark contrast, IBM has done a wonderful job of supporting
|
||
their Thinkpad laptops. My 760E was built during the transition between
|
||
Windows 3.x & 95. IBM's web site has a complete set of device drivers for
|
||
both OS's (including software patches for 98), exhaustive documentation,
|
||
installation notes, troubleshooting guides and a search engine that
|
||
actually finds what you're looking for - all freely available for public
|
||
search & download.
|
||
|
||
<P> In some respects, Linux already has better documentation than
|
||
Windows ever thought about providing. There is an internal manual ("man
|
||
pages") built into Linux. There are lots of external instructions
|
||
("HOWTOs") written by experienced users, explaining "how to" do all kinds
|
||
things with Linux. Any distribution that cared to could build upon these
|
||
resources and provide expanded and customized help files (specific to their
|
||
own distribution) to answer common questions regarding program operation,
|
||
server set-up, etc. Apparently this idea has never occurred to anyone.
|
||
|
||
<P> Perhaps it is because Linux has traditionally been sold to, well,
|
||
basically computer geeks. People who either enjoy tinkering with computers
|
||
as a hobby, or who were already experienced UNIX administers. Consequently,
|
||
I believe that many of the people who make Linux distributions have fallen
|
||
into the practice of thinking: "Okay, we put the software on the CD for
|
||
you. It's not our concern if the software actually works or whether you
|
||
have the information you need to use it. We did our part. Now send us the
|
||
money". These same people then wonder why they are unsuccessful at selling
|
||
Linux to either the general public or to the small business market.
|
||
|
||
<P> Earth calling Software Vendors! It doesn't do any good to
|
||
distribute your software if it doesn't work or if your customers don't have
|
||
the basic details needed to operate it. Here's a couple of really Wild &
|
||
Radical ideas for Linux vendors: first, test the cotton-pickin' software
|
||
before you release it! It may not be possible to test every video driver,
|
||
but it certainly is possible to test if the software you're shipping
|
||
installs into the correct directory and doesn't have any obvious
|
||
incompatibly with the OS. I'm sure many venders try to do this, and
|
||
are no doubt caught between the conflicting demands of constant testing
|
||
for reliability and trying to hurry out the latest and greatest software. But
|
||
as a business user, I would far rather wait a few weeks longer for the
|
||
software to be released and have everything <B> work.</B> If smaller
|
||
venders don't have the resources needed for comprehensive testing,
|
||
then please A) note what software hasn't been tested, and B) maybe
|
||
include general installation procedures, directory paths, etc. so users
|
||
have some chance of fixing packages that don't install correctly.
|
||
|
||
<P> Secondly, provide adequate documentation! Let me challenge the
|
||
vendors to a simple test: Take a laptop down to your local community
|
||
college. Go into the Computer Science building and select three or four
|
||
students at random who do NOT know Linux. Offer to buy them all pizza if
|
||
they will attempt to install and/or operate some software for you (based
|
||
only on whatever documentation you provide to your users). If they can't at
|
||
least begin to get a handle on it by the time the pizza is cooked, then YOU
|
||
are not providing enough information! No, I am NOT talking about another
|
||
"Guide to Linux". Linux itself is well documented. The individual
|
||
distributions, however, provide barely enough information to let you
|
||
install them - after that, you're on your own. And most Linux applications
|
||
include a header file saying what the program is intended to do, but giving
|
||
few, if any, clues as to how to get the program to do it. Almost all modern
|
||
software templates include places for both general help files and context
|
||
sensitive help. Few programmers use them. If several of the largest Linux
|
||
vendors made it a policy to not accept 3rd party software unless it
|
||
includes basic built-in documentation, then they could raise the bar for
|
||
the whole Linux community.
|
||
|
||
<P> Oh, and my laptop? I downloaded a small distribution off the
|
||
Internet, I'll call it "Mom&Pop Linux", which did know what a hard drive
|
||
install is. Instead of an Installation Manual laid out by a graphic
|
||
designer, they had a typical Linux "HOWTO";i.e., four text pages of friendly
|
||
notes. Following the directions installed Linux flawlessly into my laptop.
|
||
Well, almost flawlessly. It turns out the boot loader in "Mom&Pop Linux"
|
||
doesn't work. It also turns out that they were apparently switching over
|
||
from tarballs to RPMs and, perhaps as a result, I can't load any new
|
||
programs into the laptop. Sigh. Being able to both boot the computer and
|
||
install programs were two things I was really hoping for in an operating
|
||
system. But I did at least prove that Linux can operate on my Thinkpad.
|
||
|
||
<P> By this time, I was now two months behind in my project at work.
|
||
Searching through IBM's web site, I learned that the addition of a docking
|
||
station would allow my laptop to have a (non-bootable) CD-ROM drive and a
|
||
(bootable) floppy at the same time. A little more shopping at eBay and I
|
||
found the necessary hardware. This put me 50% over budget, but at last I
|
||
would have a functional Linux laptop!! I happily installed "Commercial
|
||
Linux" from their CDs, already knowing the correct settings for the X
|
||
window setup from my earlier install of "Mom&Pop" Linux. Guess what??
|
||
"Commercial Linux's" X server doesn't work in my laptop. They list the
|
||
video chip as supported. I double checked all the settings, but all I get
|
||
when I type "startx" is a page and a half of error listings. Based on my
|
||
experience with "Commercial Linux" to date, I have little hope of finding
|
||
the information needed to fix the problem on their web site. And their tech
|
||
support won't even talk to me, because my 60 days of installation support
|
||
has expired.
|
||
|
||
<P> As far as our bookstore is concerned, I do not currently believe
|
||
Linux to be a viable alternative for any small business. Even if I did, I
|
||
doubt I could ever convince my manager that "Commercial Linux" is capable
|
||
of supporting our office network, since they have already demonstrated that
|
||
they are not capable of supporting an installation into an IBM Thinkpad!
|
||
|
||
<P> Oddly enough, I still believe that Linux is a good Operating System,
|
||
and I am continuing my search for a functional distribution. But so far,
|
||
the only OS that will actually operate in my Thinkpad is Windows. I would
|
||
rather be running Linux (Indeed, once Windows XP becomes dominant, I will
|
||
have to either run Linux in my laptop or else throw it away). I believe
|
||
there are a lot of other business people who would like to run Linux as
|
||
well. But it's not going to happen until some of the Linux vendors get
|
||
their act together.
|
||
|
||
<P> Let me offer an analogy: Suppose you were looking for a car, and
|
||
you heard about this great new sports car that got 50MPG and only cost $5000!
|
||
But when you went to buy one, you were told it didn't have any tires, and
|
||
there was no alternator (so you had to figure out some other way to keep the
|
||
battery charged) and, oh also, don't drive it too fast because the brakes
|
||
don't work. And if this car ever breaks, then you'll need to find your own
|
||
spare parts and try to fix it yourself, because the dealer that sells the
|
||
cars refuses to work on them. Would you buy that car? More importantly, would
|
||
you recommend that car to somebody that needs reliable transportation to get
|
||
to work tomorrow? Does this sound far-fetched? Well, that's exactly what many
|
||
Linux vendors are telling the people who buy their software. Getting back to
|
||
my automotive analogy, these same vendors will then loudly complain that
|
||
Chevrolet is being unfair because they put radios in their cars as standard
|
||
equipment. Well, maybe people aren't buying Chevys because they have built-in
|
||
radios. Maybe people are buying Chevys because they have tires and the
|
||
dealers are willing to fix the cars if they don't work! Likewise, maybe
|
||
people are also buying Windows because it works out of the box (well, mostly
|
||
works, anyway), and Microsoft at least <I>tries</I> to offer support when it
|
||
doesn't work.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Dennis Field</H4>
|
||
<EM>My first encounter with a computer was when my high school got an
|
||
old IBM 1130 (which had a whopping 8k of main memory!), and I've been
|
||
playing with computers off and on since then. My first home computer was as
|
||
Amstrad, which ran C/PM and came complete with a revolutionary 3" floppy
|
||
disk drive (yes, you read that right<g>). Although I've had one college
|
||
course each in both C and Linux, I still consider myself a Linux newbie.
|
||
However, I am a fan of Linux, and would be delighted to see Linux start
|
||
providing some mainstream competition to Microsoft. But doing so will
|
||
require more than just technical achievement or even a user-friendly
|
||
interface. It will require somebody providing some real customer service
|
||
and support.</EM>
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2001, Dennis Field.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 72 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, November 2001</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">Installing Linux on a Sun SPARC Ultra 5</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:forsberg@tns.net">Bruce Forsberg</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<A HREF="misc/forsberg/file1.png">Click here for a screenshot of Linux on a Solaris desktop</A>
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<P><BIG><STRONG>B</STRONG></BIG>eing an open-source software developer,
|
||
I naturally perform all my work on the Linux operating system. Anyone who
|
||
does development knows the advantage of having ALL the source code available.
|
||
As an example, I work on a project called the
|
||
(<A HREF="http://osalp.sourceforge.net">Open Source Audio Library Project</A>). It is a C++ class library that contains
|
||
audio functionality. While doing development on my Linux laptop I was having
|
||
problems with some audio sample rates. At some sample rates the audio would
|
||
sound like Donald Duck and at others it would be normal. The same test would
|
||
work fine on my desktop Linux machine. After extensive investigation it was
|
||
determined that when I exited another operating system and booted into Linux
|
||
without powering down the laptop a register on the audio chip would not get
|
||
reset and would cause this problem. I found the driver in the audio code and
|
||
inserted the fix into the driver and it worked. I sent the patch to Alan Cox
|
||
who put it into the very next kernel release (2.2.17). If this was a problem
|
||
with a proprietary OS the likelihood of this ever being fixed would be slim.
|
||
|
||
<P>As part of my testing for my library I saw the need for three things, 1) to
|
||
be able to support more OS's, 2) to be able to support big-endian CPU's, 3)
|
||
and to support 64 bit computing platforms. After looking at other computers
|
||
available, I determined that a computer from Sun Microsystems would be
|
||
a good addition. Sun makes the most popular commercial UNIX computers and their
|
||
new models use the UltraSPARC CPU's which are big-endian and 64 bits.
|
||
|
||
<P>Sun has an entry-level computer available called the Ultra 5. A new computer
|
||
would cost $2000 - $3000. This was more than I wanted to pay. So I searched
|
||
Ebay and found a used Ultra 5. Used Ultra 5's now sell on Ebay for about
|
||
$500 - $700. A good deal for another workstation. I bought the Ultra 5
|
||
containing a 270 Mhz UltraSPARC II processor, 64MB of memory and a 4.3 GB
|
||
hard drive. If you are undecided about what kind of Sun workstation to get,
|
||
then check out the SPARC-HOWTO at <A HREF="http://www.linuxdoc.org/">www.linuxdoc.org</A>. I also purchased Solaris
|
||
8 for $75 from Sun
|
||
(<A HREF="http://www.sun.com/software/solaris/binaries/get.html">www.sun.com/software/solaris/binaries/get.html</A>) and
|
||
installed it. Installation went perfectly. I was able to port my software to
|
||
Solaris. But knowing that some people run Linux on SPARC's meant that I
|
||
needed to install Linux on the Ultra 5 as well, preferably in a dual boot
|
||
configuration with Solaris 8 and Linux. The following is my experience with
|
||
installing Linux on my Ultra 5.
|
||
|
||
<P><H3>Step 1 - Selecting the distribution</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>The first step was to determine which distribution to use. Having used Linux
|
||
for several years on Intel processors, I have used
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.suse.com/">SuSE</A> many times and liked
|
||
it. When I found that SuSE had a SPARC distribution I decided on this. So I
|
||
headed over to <A HREF="http://www.cheapbytes.com">CheapBytes</A>, and 3 days
|
||
later I had my CD's. If you are undecided about what distribution to use
|
||
then check out the
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.ultralinux.org">www.ultralinux.org</A> web site. They have a list of currently
|
||
supported Linux distributions for Sun workstations.
|
||
|
||
<P><H3>Step 2 - Planning the installation</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>The next step was to determine where to put the Linux distribution. I only had
|
||
a 4.3GB hard drive installed, hardly enough to contain both Solaris and Linux.
|
||
First I decided that since I had never installed Linux on SPARC I would remove
|
||
the existing 4.3 GB IDE hard drive and install an old 3GB IDE hard drive to use
|
||
as a test install drive. This drive came from an old Linux on Intel system. When
|
||
I did this I ran into nothing but problems. Using SuSE's installer called YaST2,
|
||
I was unable to partition this hard drive no matter what I did. YaST2 gives you
|
||
two options, an automatic option, and a custom manual option. When using the
|
||
automatic option and telling it to use the whole hard drive just returned errors
|
||
that it was unable to partition the drive. Everything that I tried with the
|
||
manual mode did not work either. Finally after a couple of days of trying, I
|
||
decided to install Solaris on the drive first thinking that maybe the drive
|
||
needs to be formatted in some way. This seemed to work. When I ran YaST2 after
|
||
this and using the custom manual partitioning menu I left the SunOS Swap
|
||
partition and then created a 16MB /boot partition, a 2GB / partition, and a
|
||
200MB Linux swap partition. After this the installation of the files went smooth.
|
||
I found out later by surfing the Internet that when one uses a non-Solaris
|
||
disk one needs to run the fdisk utility and create a Solaris disk label on
|
||
the disk. It also went on to say that this label is stored in the first
|
||
partition on that hard drive so the first partition can't be a Linux swap
|
||
partition since it will not reserve space for this label.
|
||
|
||
<P>Now I was ready to install the real thing. I decided to start over completely.
|
||
So I purchased a new 20 GB hard drive and installed it into the Ultra 5. Next I
|
||
powered up the Ultra 5 and during initialization pressed the Stop-A key sequence.
|
||
This takes you to the boot PROM on the Ultra 5. I placed the install Solaris 8
|
||
CD in the CD-ROM drive and entered "boot cdrom" and away went the Solaris
|
||
installation. When the install looked for the hard disk it could not find any
|
||
space. Since this is not the Solaris Gazette, suffice it to say that it put me
|
||
at a command prompt and I had to enter format and create a backup label on the
|
||
third partition (#2) and zero out all the others and label this to the hard
|
||
drive. After this I restarted the Solaris 8 install and it went fine.
|
||
|
||
<P>For the Solaris install I created a root partition of 5GB with a 512 MB Solaris
|
||
swap partition and a 2GB /export/home partition. Now I started the Linux
|
||
install. I installed the first SuSE CD and rebooted the computer. When the
|
||
boot started I did the Stop-A thing and typed "boot cdrom". I let YaST2 run
|
||
and selected manual partition editing. I created a 512MB Linux swap partition,
|
||
a 16 MB /boot partition, and the rest of the drive as the Linux / partition.
|
||
|
||
<P><H3>Step 3 - Installing the Linux software</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>The next step is to actually install the linux software. I selected the packages
|
||
I wanted and then was presented with the SILO configuration. I selected the custom
|
||
SILO configuration and verified that Install SILO on partition /boot was
|
||
selected. I did this rather the the MBR (Master Boot Record) since I will use
|
||
OpenBoot in the PROM to select whether to boot Linux or Solaris. More on this
|
||
later. By installing SILO in /boot I will be able to test different Linux
|
||
kernels and boot to them. I then created a user account and entered a password
|
||
for the root user. Then off went the installer installing the software, a
|
||
total of 1624 packages. Everything went fine with the install.
|
||
|
||
<P>After the install finished, I used YaST to setup the rest of the stuff one does
|
||
after a Linux install. I selected the Sun Happy Meal 10/100base T interface for
|
||
the network. The rest of the network sets up just like a Linux on Intel system. I
|
||
then configured audio for the Ultra 5 by following the steps in the manual on the
|
||
first CD-ROM. I added the following two lines to the file in /etc/init.d/boot.local:
|
||
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
modprobe audio
|
||
modprobe cs4231
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
<P>The only problem here is that the manual said the file was in /sbin not /etc. For
|
||
an experienced Linux installer this was an obvious mistake in the manual but a
|
||
novice might have some problem with this. I reported this to SuSE and they
|
||
responded promptly, thanking me for the correction.
|
||
|
||
<P>When I tried to run my audio application, the open call on the audio device
|
||
/dev/audio just hung and never returned. After some investigation I found that
|
||
KDE had an audio server running that was using the device. I went to the KDE
|
||
control panel and turned off this audio server and restarted KDE, and now I
|
||
have working audio on my Ultra 5.
|
||
|
||
<P>Next I mounted the Solaris 8 disk partitions on Linux so that I could see
|
||
them. The partition type that Solaris uses is called ufs. I read notes also
|
||
that write capability is experimental. So I mounted both / and /home partitions
|
||
from Solaris in Linux by performing the following. I performed "fdisk /dev/hda"
|
||
to list the partitions that I have on my first hard drive. It turns out that I
|
||
have /dev/hda1 as / and /dev/hda8 as /home. First I created mount points. I like
|
||
points under /, so I did:
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
cd /
|
||
mkdir sun_root
|
||
mkdir sun_home
|
||
Next I added to /etc/fstab the following lines:
|
||
/dev/hda1 /sun_root ufs defaults,ro,ufstype=sun 1 0
|
||
/dev/hda8 /sun_home ufs defaults,ro,ufstype=sun 1 0
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
<P>Now I mounted the mount points "mount /sun_root" and "mount /sun_home". Now
|
||
I can see my Solaris partitions from Linux.
|
||
|
||
<P><H3>Step 4 - Configuring Dual Boot</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>The next step is to set up booting between the two operating systems on the
|
||
Ultra 5. Most of you are familiar with LILO on your Linux on Intel machine.
|
||
For Linux on Solaris you will find SILO. I use SILO to boot different Linux
|
||
kernels, but to boot between Solaris and Linux I use the boot PROM on the
|
||
Ultra 5 called OpenBoot. The following instructions will apply to the 3.x
|
||
version of OpenBoot, which should exist on all Ultra 5's. To get to the
|
||
OpenBoot prompt you need to press the Stop-A key sequence. Once you are at
|
||
this prompt you can type devalias, this will list all of the aliases that are
|
||
defined. You should see several disk entries like:
|
||
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
disk /pci@1f,0/pci@1,1/ide@3/disk@0,0
|
||
disk3 /pci@1f,0/pci@1,1/ide@3/disk@3,0
|
||
disk2 /pci@1f,0/pci@1,1/ide@3/disk@2,0
|
||
disk1 /pci@1f,0/pci@1,1/ide@3/disk@1,0
|
||
disk0 /pci@1f,0/pci@1,1/ide@3/disk@0,0
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
<P>All of the stuff on the right is a device entry. You can now create several
|
||
aliases of your own. I created two, linux and solaris:
|
||
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
linux /pci@1f,0/pci@1,1/ide@3/disk@0,0:d
|
||
solaris /pci@1f,0/pci@1,1/ide@3/disk@0,0:a
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
<P>These are the device entries for disk0 which would be hard drive /dev/hda in
|
||
a Linux on Intel box. The :letter at the right of the device entry points to
|
||
the partition on that hard drive. So to boot the first partition it would be :a.
|
||
To boot the forth partition you would use :d at the end. To store these entries
|
||
in non-volatile ram you need to create the above entries with the nvalias
|
||
command in OpenBoot. Note that if there is an alias with the entry on the right
|
||
it will be replaced with the new alias.
|
||
|
||
<P>There is another parameter that you can set in OpenBoot and it is:
|
||
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
setenv auto-boot? = false
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
<P>This will make the computer stop at the ok prompt when powered on. This allows
|
||
one to then select which OS to boot, solaris or linux. All one has to type is
|
||
either "boot solaris" or "boot linux".
|
||
|
||
<P><H3>Step 5 - Miscellaneous Notes</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>The following are some miscellaneous notes I discovered dealing with Linux on SPARC.
|
||
|
||
<P>1. If you see the following messages "Unimplemented SPARC system call 69/44"
|
||
from your kernel while booting then ignore them. System call 44 and system
|
||
call 69 are getuid32()/geteuid32() both are not necessary on UltraSPARC.
|
||
<P>2. Apparently, from what I have read, for Linux on UltraSPARC, the
|
||
kernel is 64 bits but userland is still at 32 bits. I am not to sure what
|
||
this means, but I think it means that I will not be able to compile my application
|
||
as a 64 bit application.
|
||
<P>3. The Stop-A key sequence is disabled on SuSE 7.1 and some others
|
||
distributions. In SuSE it can be enabled in YaST2 by going to the misc section.
|
||
I tried to enable it and when I did Stop-A the computer hung and I saw no boot
|
||
prompt. So, it is probably a good idea to leave it disabled when in Linux.
|
||
|
||
<P><H3>Conclusion</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>Except for the initial problem of partitioning the disk everything went very
|
||
smooth. The disk problem was frustrating though. SuSE is to be commended on
|
||
a fine Linux on SPARC distribution. It is good to see this. I have seen
|
||
messages in their mail list that they are working on a SuSE 7.3 version as well.
|
||
I would also like to thank all the open source Linux programmers who have worked
|
||
on Linux on SPARC software. You have done a great job! Thank you for your
|
||
efforts. For now I have a workable solution for running both Solaris 8 and SuSE
|
||
Linux 7.1 on my Sun Microsystems Ultra 5. It is not a fast machine, being only
|
||
64MB with a 270 Mhz processor, but it does the job it was intended for,
|
||
porting software.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Bruce Forsberg</H4>
|
||
<EM>Bruce is just an average guy having fun with Linux. He is the
|
||
founder of the
|
||
<A HREF="http://osalp.sourceforge.net">Open Source Audio Library Project</A>.
|
||
He got his start programming freeware on
|
||
windows 3.1. When he realized that all one had to do was to not
|
||
return from a message and it would hang the entire operating
|
||
system, he knew there had to be a better way. Linux was the answer.</EM>
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2001, Bruce Forsberg.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 72 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, November 2001</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">The Godfather of Computing - Charles Babbage</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:jones@systemtoolbox.com">G James Jones</a><BR>
|
||
Reprinted from <A HREF="http://www.systemtoolbox.com/">System Toolbox's</A>
|
||
History section with permission<BR>
|
||
Original URL: <A HREF="http://www.systemtoolbox.com/article.php?articles_id=43">http://www.systemtoolbox.com/article.php?articles_id=43</A>
|
||
</H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H3>In the beginning...</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>Some of the most often used cliches about writing and telling
|
||
stories turn out to be good advice as well. A writer is told to
|
||
"write what she knows" and a storyteller is to "begin at the
|
||
beginning." And so, I hope to focus on "our" beginnings and the
|
||
things that "we" know; the beginnings of network and hardware
|
||
engineers, computer scientists, system administrators and others among
|
||
a host of geeks, hackers, and phreaks that exist in our world.
|
||
|
||
<P>The original idea came out of an interchange between Chris Campbell
|
||
and I about an articled titled
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.binaryfreedom.com/content.php?content_id=8">Adventures
|
||
in Babysitting</A> that he had written for
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.binaryfreedom.com">Binary Freedom</A>. The article
|
||
described Chris' foray among our would-be next generation at a local
|
||
2600 meeting and featured his utter disbelief at their lack of
|
||
interest or understanding of their technology history. Names like
|
||
Admiral Grace Hopper and Ken Thompson didn't come close to ringing a
|
||
bell. You can tell how disheartening an experience it was for him.
|
||
These people were his heroes after all (mine as well) and they should
|
||
be looked up to and seen as the mentors that they are. In order to
|
||
showcase and explore them, I proposed this column.
|
||
|
||
<P>So, to begin somewhere near the beginning, let's investigate the
|
||
Godfather of Computing, Charles Babbage.
|
||
|
||
<H3>A Beginning of Another Sort...</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>Charles Babbage is variously called the Father, Grandfather and
|
||
Patron Saint of Computing. To many that care, he began it all. I
|
||
prefer to think of him as the Godfather of Computing and to see why is
|
||
all part of his story.
|
||
|
||
<P>Babbage was born into a wealthy, but undistinguished, family in
|
||
Devonshire, England, in 1791. While still a young boy, Babbage was
|
||
concerned with questions of "how" over those of "why." The expression
|
||
of this concern saw the boy dismantling his fair share of toys and
|
||
mechanical objects around his family's home.
|
||
|
||
<H3>A "Personality Disorder" Explored...</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>My father-in-law, an engineer, likes to say that engineering is the
|
||
expression of a personality disorder. The way he sees it, all
|
||
engineers think and see the world such an odd, but similar, way that
|
||
it can only be attributed to some sort of mental disorder. When they
|
||
see something new, they want to pull it apart. When they hear of a
|
||
problem, whether in their realm of control or not, they will offer
|
||
"the most efficient" solution. In general, the world is seen as a
|
||
broken puzzle that only some good solid, and sustained, engineering
|
||
will fix. I can see his point. Besides, breaking Aunt Edna's antique
|
||
clock just to see how it works can be considered rude at the very
|
||
least. On top of which, "normal" social graces are generally thrown
|
||
out the window, placing the final nail in the coffin of diagnosis.
|
||
|
||
<P>The funny thing is that the expression of this "disorder" can be
|
||
fingered early in life. One can watch for the early warning signs.
|
||
Children that take apart watches or have a penchant for building
|
||
elaborate structures from blocks may just be engineers in their pupae
|
||
stage. By all accounts, Babbage definitely was afflicted by the time
|
||
of his boyhood. His tinkering with things, his dismantling of
|
||
gadgets, and his inquisitiveness as to how things worked are all sure
|
||
signs. While the draw of engineering can be sublimated if caught
|
||
early and treated with care, Charles had no such luck. His fate was
|
||
sealed when he stumbled upon a copy of the <U>Young Mathematician's
|
||
Guide</U> in the school library. From that point on, Babbage devoted
|
||
himself to the pursuit of rational thought and scientific knowledge.
|
||
|
||
<P> After boarding school, Babbage headed to Cambridge to attend
|
||
Trinity College. While at Trinity, the precocious student tended to
|
||
test the patience and abilities of his instructors, a manner that may
|
||
be familiar to a few among our readers. One rebellious episode saw
|
||
Babbage and his Analytical Society taking on the very way math was
|
||
done in England.
|
||
|
||
<P>At the time, most of England preferred to do complex mathematics
|
||
using Sir Isaac Newton's "dot notation." The choice of notation was
|
||
more out of civic pride than actual utilitarianism. Babbage
|
||
considered this an affront to the way things should be. It went
|
||
against efficiency and clarity and was a general affront to Babbage's
|
||
rational senses. He favored instead the scientific notation perfected
|
||
by Leibniz and used throughout Europe. The Analytical Society, which
|
||
Babbage helped found, championed the fight to switch to scientific
|
||
calculation by translating Lacroix's <U>Examples to the Differential
|
||
and Analytical Calculus</U> from its original French. This
|
||
achievement is considered one of the main events that helped bring
|
||
modern mathematics to England.
|
||
|
||
<H3>The Beginnings of an Idea...</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>Though stories about the first notion of Babbage's calculating
|
||
machine vary, they all seem to focus on Babbage's unwillingness to
|
||
suffer inefficiency and undue complexity. It seems that Babbage was
|
||
reviewing some of the many "look-up" tables that were used to aid in
|
||
calculating complex equations in his day. The number of errors that
|
||
were contained therein quickly exasperated him and his partners.
|
||
Since the tables were generally copied by hand or transcribed to
|
||
plates for printing, it was inevitable that errors would get
|
||
introduced into the tables during the process. Those errors then just
|
||
percolated through all the calculations that they were used to
|
||
perform. One error made hundreds of years ago could potentially
|
||
misroute ships or hurt financial projections.
|
||
|
||
<P>Babbage is said to have complained to his colleague that he wished
|
||
these calculations could be carried out by steam. In that simple
|
||
complaint lies the beginning of the first programmable mechanical
|
||
calculator. It would later see life as the Difference Engine and
|
||
still later as plans for the much more ambitious, and versatile,
|
||
Analytical Engine. It was 1820.
|
||
|
||
<H3>Calculating Machines...</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>Babbage's first attempt at a calculating machine took the form of a
|
||
small six-wheeled model that took advantage of number differences to
|
||
aid in complex calculations. The machine, dubbed the Difference
|
||
Engine, was powerful and elegant in its simplicity.
|
||
|
||
<P>Babbage realized that any process that could be distilled into a
|
||
repeatable algorithm probably could be mechanized. It's entirely
|
||
likely that he was inspired to this line of reasoning through his
|
||
fascination with automata at an early age. Automata were mechanical
|
||
creations and figurines that imitated life in the form of animals,
|
||
ballerinas and musicians and such. By following complex, but
|
||
repeatable, mechanical tricks, some automata were able to seem
|
||
extraordinarily lifelike. It was this controlled, and nearly
|
||
invisible, complexity that interested Babbage.
|
||
|
||
<P>Babbage's table problem was similar to that of the automata. While
|
||
fixing the errors in copying tables was a complex problem, he realized
|
||
that embracing the complexity and wrapping it in elegant mechanics was
|
||
a likely solution. Babbage decided that by using the method of
|
||
differences, he could create a calculating machine that would aid in
|
||
these complex calculations. This is how it worked.
|
||
|
||
<H3>Method of Differences...</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>This is how the method of differences works. First one takes a set
|
||
of consecutive numbers and then you perform a set function on
|
||
each. For sake of ease, let's use the squares of the starting
|
||
number's. Then you begin to successively look at the differences
|
||
between the results until you arrive at a common number. It is then
|
||
possible to work the process in reverse using only addition (something
|
||
that machines can easily be engineered to do) to fill in the answer to
|
||
the function for successive beginning numbers in the table. The only
|
||
requirement is that you begin with a certain amount starting of
|
||
"known" numbers that will, following the process, eventually come to a
|
||
form of stasis.
|
||
|
||
<P>For our example we will use <i>1</i>, <i>2</i>, <i>3</i>, and
|
||
<i>4</i> as our starting points. These numbers will form our <i>x</i>
|
||
column. The function column, <i>f(x)</i>, is then determined by
|
||
applying the function chosen, squaring in this case, to each number of
|
||
the <i>x</i> column. This gives <i>1</i>, <i>4</i>, <i>9</i>, and
|
||
<i>16</i> in order. For the next column, we find the differences
|
||
between each <i>f(x)</i>, giving us <i>3</i>, the difference between 1
|
||
and 4, <i>5</i>, the difference between 4 and 9, and <i>7</i>, the
|
||
difference between 9 and 16. We line these numbers in a column,
|
||
<i>delta 1</i>, so that they are positioned vertically, for ease of
|
||
calculation, about halfway between the two numbers in the preceding
|
||
column. Next we calculate the differences between the numbers in
|
||
<i>delta 1</i>. The answers, placed in a fourth column, <i>delta
|
||
2</i>, are <i>2</i>, the difference between 3 and 5, and <i>2</i>, the
|
||
difference between 5 and 7. We have now reached a stasis point where
|
||
the differences are the same. Once we have reached this point we can
|
||
now work our way backwards and fill in the table. But first, the
|
||
starting table looks something like this:
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<div align="left">
|
||
<table border="0" width="408" height="375" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="101" height="46" align="center" valign="middle"><b>x</b></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="46" align="center" valign="middle"><b>f(x)</b></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="46" align="center" valign="middle"><b>delta 1</b></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="46" align="center" valign="middle"><b>delta 2</b></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle">1</td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle">1</td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle">3</td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle">2</td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle">4</td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle">5</td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle">3</td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle">9</td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle">7</td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle">4</td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle">16</td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<P>Now we just work our way backwards on the table to fill in the
|
||
values for the function of new values of <i>x</i>. First we can check
|
||
our work. Starting at the top value in the <i>delta 2</i> column
|
||
(<i>2</i>), we can add it to the top value in the <i>delta 1</i>
|
||
column (<i>3</i>) and should get the next value in line in the
|
||
<i>delta 1</i> column. If you don't get 5, check your addition. If
|
||
you do get the second value in <i>delta 1</i>, then you did your
|
||
calculations for those two rows correctly and you can move on (see,
|
||
it's self checking). Now take the value at the top of <i>delta 1</i>
|
||
and add it to the top of <i>f(x)</i>. The result is the value for the
|
||
function applied to the next value of <i>x</i> in the table. You can
|
||
carry this for any value of <i>x</i> as long as you know the values of
|
||
the function for a few numbers before x, and you only have to use
|
||
addition to fill in the table after that point. Here is a table with
|
||
the values for <i>x = 5</i>, to show you how it works for "new" table
|
||
additions.
|
||
|
||
<P><div align="left">
|
||
<table border="0" width="408" height="375" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="102" height="46" align="center" valign="middle"><b><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">x</font></b></td>
|
||
<td width="100" height="46" align="center" valign="middle"><b><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">f(x)</font></b></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="46" align="center" valign="middle"><b><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">delta 1</font></b></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="46" align="center" valign="middle"><b><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">delta 2</font></b></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="102" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1</font></td>
|
||
<td width="100" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1</font></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="102" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="100" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3</font></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="102" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2</font></td>
|
||
<td width="100" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">4</font></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2</font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="102" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="100" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5</font></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="102" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3</font></td>
|
||
<td width="100" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">9</font></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2</font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="102" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="100" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7</font></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="102" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">4</font></td>
|
||
<td width="100" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">16</font></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"><b><font face="Arial Black">2</font></b></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="102" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="100" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"><b><font face="Arial Black">9</font></b></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="102" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"><b><font face="Arial Black">5</font></b></td>
|
||
<td width="100" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"><b><font face="Arial Black">25</font></b></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
<td width="101" height="47" align="center" valign="middle"></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<P>As you can see, it becomes very easy to add new values to the
|
||
table. Working backwards from <i>delta 2</i>, two (2) plus <i>delta
|
||
1</i>'s value of seven (7) yields nine (9) for <i>delta 1</i>, which
|
||
in turn yields twenty five (25) for the function of <i>x</i>, or
|
||
<i>f(x)</i>. Pretty straightforward. So much so, in fact, that it
|
||
can be carried out mechanically. Herein was Babbage's genius. He
|
||
understood, perhaps innately, before any objective <i>proof</i>
|
||
existed, that complex calculations could be carried out by machine.
|
||
In order to avoid transcription errors when users of the machine copied
|
||
the results of the calculation, Babbage's goal was to create a printer
|
||
of sorts that would copy out the results by itself. The methods that
|
||
Babbage devised would successfully skirt the sources of table errors
|
||
that so infuriated the inventive Babbage. It was this understanding,
|
||
this internal realization of the "correctness" of his solution, that
|
||
would drive him in the pursuit of the ultimate manifestation of his
|
||
ideas until the day he died.
|
||
|
||
<H3>The Analytical Engine...</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>Babbage's early prototype of the Difference Engine was met with
|
||
great public excitement. He became the hit of London's social circle
|
||
and it was often the mark of a party's success or failure as to
|
||
whether Babbage had accepted an invitation to attend. This prototype
|
||
also brought him some initial funding, to the tune of 15,000 to
|
||
17,000 pounds (accounts vary), from the British government. This
|
||
money was to be put into the development of a fully functional
|
||
Difference Engine and, later, a more complex calculating machine
|
||
dubbed the Analytical Engine.
|
||
|
||
<P>Babbage had been able to prove his ideas and gained general
|
||
acceptance of his theories. His major problem with creating a version
|
||
beyond his proof-of-concept prototype for the Difference Engine was
|
||
his constant learning and tinkering. As Babbage worked on the project
|
||
he was constantly discovering more efficient ways to accomplish his
|
||
goals and overcome the problems with precision machining that hampered
|
||
his progress. It is said that as soon as new plans had left his shop
|
||
for the machinists, he had already come up with a revision of the
|
||
previous idea. This constant tinkering would be Babbage's undoing and
|
||
would defeat the progress of nearly every project he undertook. It
|
||
was as if his mind were so active, that it couldn't slow down long
|
||
enough to take a snapshot of an idea from which he could work to
|
||
physical completion.
|
||
|
||
<P>Babbage never completed a full Difference or Analytical Engine. He
|
||
died in his London home to a cacophony of street musicians (a group
|
||
that Babbage sought to have abolished from the city's streets) who had
|
||
come from across the country to serenade him on his way outside his
|
||
window. Let's just say that he didn't make many friends among that
|
||
group (lawsuits will do that). But we still remember him. Beyond the
|
||
idea that complex calculations could be carried out mechanically, an
|
||
idea that seems inevitable, what did he contribute?
|
||
|
||
<P>The beauty of Babbage's ideas and their overall contribution to
|
||
computer science lies in their completeness. Babbage envisioned a
|
||
system that was programmable through punch card inputs. It could
|
||
carry out many varied types of calculations and was as versatile as
|
||
the instructions that it received; versatility through "software".
|
||
With his printing ideas, Babbage had basically pioneered the idea of
|
||
input/output (IO) via punch cards and printers. Taking it a step
|
||
further, his conception of Analytical engine could store calculations
|
||
(by punching cards) and continue them later or use the results of
|
||
certain calculations to continue in different directions based on the
|
||
outcome; the stored program and programmatic logic respectively.
|
||
|
||
<P>Unfortunately, Babbage never saw his most dramatic ideas reach
|
||
reality, though he maintained his vision going so far as to work with
|
||
Ada, the Countess of Lovelace (and mathematical wunderkind) to work
|
||
out the proper functioning and use of the machines. It is due to
|
||
Ada's copious and <i>annotated</i> notes of some of Babbage's lectures,
|
||
that his ideas weren't lost as a footnote in history and that the
|
||
awesomeness of his, at least mental, achievement came to be
|
||
appreciated. Her notes and Babbage's unearthed plans helped this
|
||
vindication even further when a working and more complex
|
||
Difference Engine No. 2, the precursor to the Analytical
|
||
Engine, was constructed by Science Museum in London in
|
||
1991. He should be appreciated for his persistence and
|
||
his ideas. The world could have
|
||
been wildly different if only he had been moderately successful (read
|
||
<U>The Difference Engine</U> by Gibson and Sterling for one possible
|
||
outcome). Babbage is the <i>godfather</i> of computing because he
|
||
beat everyone to the punch. Using the technology that was available
|
||
to him, metalworking, engineering, and steam, he was able to
|
||
approximate the early "computers" of the electrical age.
|
||
|
||
<P>He was a visionary before his time. We should all hope to be as much.
|
||
<br>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<p>-----------
|
||
|
||
<P><I>© 2001 G. James Jones is a Microcomputer Network
|
||
Analyst for a mid-sized public university in the midwest. He writes
|
||
on topics ranging from Open Source Software to privacy to the history
|
||
of technology and its social ramifications. Verbatim copying and
|
||
redistribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium if
|
||
this notice is preserved.</I>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2001, The Binary Freedom Project, LLC.<BR>
|
||
Copying license as above<BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 72 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, November 2001</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">Standard Database Setup with Perl and PostgreSQL: Part 3</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:articles@gnujobs.com">Mark Nielsen</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="#Introduction">Introduction (way too long)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#SDS">Standard Database Setup (SDS)</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#perl">Perl script to setup my SDS environment with
|
||
Perl and PostgreSQL</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#execute">How the perl script is setup to work</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#conclusions">Conclusion</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="#REF">References</a></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a NAME="Introduction"></a>Introduction</h3>
|
||
This article tries to accomplish the following:
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li> Given a database design, create all the tables, sequences, stored
|
||
procedures, views, backup tables, timestamps, and unique ids.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li> For the Perl language, create all the modules and sample perl scripts
|
||
for a web server.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>The database and webpages will assume there is user authentication. The
|
||
users table, which will have a username and password for accounts, will be
|
||
called "users".
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>Create all the "stuff" inbetween the database design and the sample
|
||
webpages. Thus, it relieves you of creating the database information, perl
|
||
modules, and even provides sample web script code about how to access
|
||
the database using the perl modules. All you need to do is manipulate
|
||
the perl scripts and customize them.
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>Remove the threat of the database administrators and non-programming
|
||
web administrators strangling the life out of the programmers. Also,
|
||
to make it possible for a novice programmer to setup the entire database,
|
||
perl modules, and sample perl scripts so that they can start
|
||
to experiment and learn (this is going to be valuable at my advanced
|
||
web/databases classes at eastmont.net).
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li> To setup a Standard Database Setup, which I will use for all further
|
||
projects regardless of which database server and programming languages I use.
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>
|
||
I have worked for many companies and many projects. Every one of them have
|
||
their own programming style and their own ways of doing things. Usually not
|
||
thought out very well because of pressure to get things out fast and
|
||
worry about the consequences later. Part 3 of Perl and PostgreSQL is dedicated
|
||
to me so that I will use a standard way of doing
|
||
things with Perl and PostgreSQL
|
||
so that everything remains professional (a professional database structure,
|
||
professional perl modules, and semi-professional sample perl scripts).
|
||
<p>
|
||
When everything is standardized with good code, everything becomes easy.
|
||
Personally, I am not ever going to take on another project that doesn't use
|
||
a database system with standard stored procedures with 100% unique ids
|
||
in every table. I just won't take the job (I get enough job offers
|
||
as it is). I don't want to walk into an
|
||
unprofessional environment anymore (unless they agree to make it
|
||
professional). It wastes my time and their time. Bottom line. I am more
|
||
interested in business aspects of a company that requires programming
|
||
skills than to do the actual programming.
|
||
I like to setup things up and do research
|
||
and development to improve things, but I want other people to do the dirty
|
||
work after I have done the R&D.
|
||
<p>
|
||
One large company that I worked for had great database design, but the perl
|
||
programmers were at the mercy of the database administrators. One unwieldy
|
||
popular database server is a nightmare to handle. Although I respected the
|
||
database administrators, I feel as though a true programmer should be in
|
||
charge of the database and the database administrator should be a guide rather
|
||
than a god. Programmers might not know how to handle the database properly,
|
||
but that is where the database admin comes in, to approve things, but not
|
||
to prevent things from getting done. I find it extremely frustrating to
|
||
fight with database administrators when they are suppose to serve the
|
||
programmers. Network admins serve the database admins, database admins
|
||
serve the programmers, programmers serve their boss, their boss serves
|
||
the secretaries, accountants, customers, salespeople,
|
||
and other people inside and outside
|
||
of the corporation. In other words, the only justification for the people
|
||
at the bottom is if they are serving the people at the top to help them
|
||
get their work done. Lord knows I have seen many computer geeks who just
|
||
didn't have a clue about how to run a business. Computer people are only
|
||
valuable if they accomplish goals that other people can use in the company.
|
||
<p>
|
||
Having said that rant about how I fight on a daily basis with database admins,
|
||
part 3 of Perl and PostgreSQL is also suppose to remove or severely
|
||
reduce the need of a database admin. My perl script deletes the tables,
|
||
which if you have live data on a live server, can be a bad thing which you
|
||
might need a database admin for. However, I backup all tables deleted
|
||
and I want to add the ability to repopulate data from one table to another
|
||
when columns get changed or added. With that, a database admin looses power to
|
||
stranglehold a programmer from getting his work done, or more accurately,
|
||
if we can provide a professional system that a professional overpaid
|
||
database admin approves of, there will be less work for the overpaid
|
||
database admin and thus they become cheaper. With that said, overpaid
|
||
programmers can cause just as much problems as an overpaid database admin!
|
||
I just deal in a world where I install my operating system from scratch,
|
||
I install Perl, Apache, Zope, Python, PostgreSQL, MySQL from scratch,
|
||
and my end result is a pretty and/or functional webpage
|
||
that people can use. Anything below the webpage that causes me problems
|
||
to achieve my goal, whether it is the network admin, database admin, etc.
|
||
is an obstacle that needs to be removed. That is how I think. I have
|
||
great respect for all sorts of admins, but they serve the programmers, and
|
||
I can seen countless times how programmers get restricted and choked to know
|
||
when a company or department is in trouble. When network and database admins
|
||
make the programmers happy, everyone is happy (they also have to know how
|
||
to prevent the programmers from running amok and put their foot down
|
||
when needed!).
|
||
<p>
|
||
With standard exact stored procedures, views, sequences, unique ids,
|
||
timestamps, active/inactive status for all tables, the database admin
|
||
should feel happy to let programmers design database tables as long as they
|
||
approve the final database result. Afterall, if my perl script sets up the
|
||
entire database, and the Perl modules to access the stored procedures
|
||
in the database, there is nothing for the database admin to do other than
|
||
approve database designs and make changes to the database design (because
|
||
the programmer probably
|
||
doesn't know how to setup a good database). Also, the web
|
||
administrator can be a stranglehold if they are not a programmer. If the
|
||
web administrator limits the programmers to use the Perl modules
|
||
in accessing the database, then
|
||
a non-programming web administrator can feel comfortable to not strangle
|
||
the life out of a programmer. If everything is standardized, then the
|
||
immature novice programmer dot-com wannabe
|
||
who doesn't know how to do good programming
|
||
and who knows nothing about installing operating systems or setting up
|
||
database and web servers, can at least have something to work with as
|
||
a standard so that they don't go off wild creating lots of interesting
|
||
uncommented archaic code just because there were "cool" ways of doing things.
|
||
<p>
|
||
Bottom line, everybody involved can cause problems to get that Perl
|
||
script to work. This hopefully is a starting point to get things moving.
|
||
There are a lot of things I want to add. I am happy with this being
|
||
called "Version 1". I am aiming for PHP, Python, and possibly JAVA
|
||
modules and webpages for Version 2, modifying tables (rather than deleting
|
||
them and recreating them) for lives systems for Version 3,
|
||
and a GUI for Version 4 (though a GUI can be developed at the same time).
|
||
<p>
|
||
Obviously, to get to get to version 4 is going to take a long time.
|
||
It has taken me 4 months just to get this far. Most of my work is debating
|
||
with myself about what to do rather than actually doing work. In development,
|
||
you scrap lots of code because you figure out a better way of doing it, and
|
||
you also wish you can scrap more code. For now, I am consistently getting
|
||
rid of code I don't like and redoing it, which takes a little longer but yields
|
||
greater rewards, which is a completely different and refreshing mentality
|
||
compared to the dot-com boom where you had a non-programming manager over your
|
||
shoulder who just wanted to get things done no matter how horrible the code
|
||
and setup was.
|
||
|
||
<h3><a NAME="SDS"></a>Standard Database Setup (SDS) </h3>
|
||
SDS is my creation about how to handle database systems. I already
|
||
know there are lots of things to add on and clarifications that I need
|
||
to do, but I will call this version one. At some point, I will have a link
|
||
to <a href="http://www.tcu-inc.com">www.tcu-inc.com</a> about further
|
||
updates to my database system. In addition, I am going to call
|
||
my Perl Script and related material MAPPS, which will be located at
|
||
<a href="http://www.tcu-inc.com">www.tcu-inc.com</a> by October. I plan
|
||
on letting people execute MAPPS to create their web application online at
|
||
my website. Not that I want them to use the application on my website, just
|
||
to create it, test it, and then download it.
|
||
If just one person wants to join with me at
|
||
creating a class act database system useable for all database needs, then
|
||
I will put it in sourceforge, or wherever, so that people can collaborate.
|
||
This system is really immature, and I haven't tried to
|
||
read any documentation about
|
||
anything else that is similar. My SDS system is based on all the mistakes
|
||
and headaches I have witnessed over the years from myself and others. I am
|
||
developing SDS to be used for any application and to create a consistent
|
||
interface so that no matter what the project, if you know SDS, you can easily
|
||
understand and add to the project. This greatly reduces the need for an
|
||
overpaid programmer because you won't need to hire a programming god to
|
||
figure out lots of messy code (hopefully).
|
||
<p>
|
||
The two options, using a table TABLENAME_diff and select stored procedures
|
||
are not done in my scripts. The reason, I just downloaded the beta version
|
||
of PostgreSQL 7.2, and I haven't messed around with stored procedures returning
|
||
multiple variables (or cursors). I am still using stored procedures that
|
||
can return only one variable. When PostgreSQL 7.2 is out,
|
||
I will be able to make really
|
||
cool stored procedures that return lots of information.
|
||
<p>
|
||
SDS version 1.0 is the following:
|
||
<pre>
|
||
Standard Database Setup (SDS) version 1.0.
|
||
Copyright by Mark Nielsen, 9/2001.
|
||
|
||
1. All tables must contain the following:
|
||
a. A primary key equal to TABLENAME_id.
|
||
b. Timestamps for the date of creation and modification, date_created
|
||
and date_updated.
|
||
c. There will be a backup table named TABLENAME_backup.
|
||
d. All fields are lower case.
|
||
e. An active field whose status of 0 is inactive and 1 is active.
|
||
f. All foreign keys must have the extension "_fk" except for fieldnames
|
||
ending in "_id".
|
||
g. All fieldnames with "_id" in the table definition will automatically
|
||
get a foreign keys constraint. A fieldname of "TABLENAME_id" will
|
||
have a foreign constraint to the table "TABLENAME" with its primary key
|
||
"TABLENAME_id".
|
||
h. Views for active, inactive (deleted), and purged will be created.
|
||
i. Insert, Update, Delete, Copy, Change, Purge, Unpurge, PurgeOne,
|
||
and UnpurgeOne functions are too be used for all database
|
||
modifications where the functions will be
|
||
named "TABLENAME_FUNCTION_sql".
|
||
j. When stored procedures can return multiple variables, then all
|
||
select statements will be executed through stored procedures as well.
|
||
All select stored procedures will end in "_select_sql".
|
||
The two types of select stored procedures will be:
|
||
1. Given a unique id number, the select statement will require
|
||
all fields for that row. This stored procedures will be named
|
||
"TABLENAME_select_sql".
|
||
2. All other select statements will be custom made. Select statements
|
||
can get very complicated. It is mandatory that all custom select
|
||
statements be created with custom stored procedures.
|
||
k. All modifications to any table will be recorded in "TABLENAME_backup".
|
||
Modifications will occur through standard stored procedures and
|
||
the stored procedures will handle recording of these modifications.
|
||
"backup_id" will the primary key of all backup tables.
|
||
l. All selects of tables will be recorded as an option using the table
|
||
"TABLENAME_select" if it is desired when the table is created.
|
||
"TABLENAME_select" will have the fields select_id, date_created,
|
||
date_updated, TABLENAME_id, error_code, and misc.
|
||
m. An optional method for recording database inserts and changes
|
||
with respect to differences may be used, but must follow the following
|
||
standards. This will not be included by default in MAPPS.
|
||
1. The backup table must be named TABLENAME_diff.
|
||
2. "diff_id" will be the primary key for each table.
|
||
3. Each diff table will have exactly these fields.
|
||
a. diff_id
|
||
b. date_updated : Timestamp the data was entered.
|
||
c. diff_data : This is the difference in data between this
|
||
entry and the previous entry.
|
||
d. diff_method : This describes the difference method used.
|
||
This is arbitrary and dependent upon the programmer. Here are
|
||
a list of pre-defined methods:
|
||
1. "diff" or "gnudiff" will correspond to GNU diff. The version
|
||
must be supplied and recorded somewhere.
|
||
2. "subversion" in relation to subversion.
|
||
3. cvs will not be an option for a standard. "subversion" replaces
|
||
cvs, and hence, by the time SDS is really solid, subversion
|
||
from subversion.org will be ready.
|
||
e. diff_prev : This is the previous diff_id which the data is
|
||
being compared to. This is done so that if a diff_id gets
|
||
deleted, you can state there is an error.
|
||
f. fieldname : This is the field of the row which the data
|
||
belongs to.
|
||
g. primary : This is the primary key of the row we are looking at.
|
||
h. error_code : "start" means there is no diff_id previous
|
||
to this one. "diff" means there is a previous entry to
|
||
be compared to. "stop" means the primary key has been deleted.
|
||
Other error codes are possible.
|
||
n. An entry of 0 into a foreign key means null. All rows with a primary
|
||
key of 0 should have empty space for text and 0 for numeric values
|
||
or the default value (if supplied).
|
||
|
||
2. The unique names which cannot be used are:
|
||
a. "error_code", "backup_id", "date_created", "date_updated",
|
||
, "diff_id" and "active" are reserved fields.
|
||
|
||
3. Standard practices with Perl Modules and other programming languages.
|
||
a. All Perl Modules (or other programming languages) will create
|
||
objects whose methods correspond to each stored procedure. The naming
|
||
convention of each method shall be exactly the sql function name minus
|
||
the tablename and "_sql". Thus, "TABLENAME_FUNCTION_sql" becomes
|
||
"FUNCTION" in the Perl Module. There will be an exact one to one
|
||
correspondence between all sql functions and perl methods, minus
|
||
custom made sql functions or perl methods.
|
||
b. All custom made perl methods must use stored procedures for all
|
||
changing of data, and selecting data (when stored procedures
|
||
can return multiple variables).
|
||
|
||
4. Standard practices of custom stored procedures.
|
||
a. All custom stored procedures may only change data using one of the
|
||
predefined stored procedures. Custom stored procedures may not
|
||
use custom made stored procedures for changing/inserting data.
|
||
b. All select statements must use select stored procedures (when the
|
||
stored procedures can return multiple values).
|
||
|
||
5. Standard practices of webpages/perl scripts.
|
||
a. All perl scripts or other programming languages will always
|
||
use perl modules for all interactivity with database. All changing,
|
||
inserting, or viewing data will occur through a module.
|
||
</pre>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a NAME="perl"></a>
|
||
Perl script to setup my SDS environment with Perl and PostgreSQL</h3>
|
||
Here is a link to the perl script and generic files I use,
|
||
<a href="misc/nielsen/Files.tgz">Files.tgz</a>. You may also access the uncompressed
|
||
files by going to my <a href="misc/nielsen/Test">Test</a> directory.
|
||
Download this file into an empty directory on your Linux system.
|
||
Please have a running PostgreSQL 7.1 database running on your computer
|
||
which you have access to. Then, follow the instructions below.
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li> Install PostgresSQL 7.1, the Apache webserver, setup the Apache
|
||
webserver to use persistent databases connections, make the Apache
|
||
webserver execute *.pl files as perl scripts,
|
||
install the Perl modules
|
||
DBI, DBD::Pg, and BlowFish. If you have trouble with this, please look
|
||
at the references section located in this article. </li>
|
||
|
||
<li> "cd" into the directory where you downloaded these two files
|
||
and execute these commands.
|
||
<pre>
|
||
tar -zxvf Files.tgz
|
||
mv misc/nielsen/Test /tmp/
|
||
cd /tmp/Test/
|
||
mv Create_Functions.pl.txt Create_Functions.pl
|
||
chmod 755 Create_Functions.pl
|
||
</pre>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li> Now in theory, you are ready to go. I have provided a sample database
|
||
called "sample". You must change two Config.txt files. One located in
|
||
the <a href="misc/nielsen/Test/Config.txt">main
|
||
directory</a>, and another located in the
|
||
<a href="misc/nielsen/Test/sample/Config.txt">directory "sample"</a>. I have setup
|
||
certain web variables to point to /usr/local/apache which would be the
|
||
standard installation of apache when you download and install it from
|
||
scratch. If you are using apache that comes with your Linux distribution,
|
||
please change the variables in those two files.
|
||
In theory, all you have to do to get your database setup
|
||
and use the webpages is to execute the one command
|
||
<pre>
|
||
/tmp/Test/Create_Functions.pl sample
|
||
</pre>
|
||
and then go to the webpage
|
||
<a href="http://127.0.0.1/sample/sample/index.html">
|
||
http://127.0.0.1/sample/sample/index.html</a> on your computer.
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Just in case you can't get the perl script to execute, here is the output
|
||
of the SQL commands, Perl modules, and web scripts.
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><a href="misc/nielsen/sql">SQL commands</a>
|
||
<li><a href="misc/nielsen/modules">Perl Modules</a>
|
||
<li><a href="misc/nielsen/html">HTML webpages</a>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a NAME="execute"></a>How the perl script is setup to work</h3>
|
||
|
||
<table border=1>
|
||
<tr><td>Docs/SDS.txt</td><td>This explains how the Standard
|
||
Database Setup is designed. </td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Config.txt</td><td>This has two variables used for
|
||
the perl script. </td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>Templates/Constants.pm
|
||
<br>Templates/Set_Info.pm_header
|
||
<br>Templates/Set_Info.pm_template
|
||
<br>Templates/Email.pm_header
|
||
<br>Templates/Get_Info.pm_header
|
||
<br>Templates/Misc.pm</td><td>These are the modules to be
|
||
used for all databases. </td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td>Templates/Custom.sql
|
||
<br>Templates/Generic.fun</td><td>These are the two files which
|
||
are modified and then executed in the database.
|
||
Generic.fun gets executed
|
||
for each table. </td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td>Templates/Custom_Html1.html
|
||
<br>Templates/Custom_Lists.html</td><td>These two webpages/perl
|
||
scripts are used for every table. </td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td>Templates/Error_No_User.pl.txt
|
||
<br>Templates/Error_No_User.pl
|
||
<br>Templates/Password
|
||
<br>Templates/htaccess</td><td>These 4 files are for user
|
||
authentication.</td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td>Create_Functions.pl.txt</td><td>This is the main file
|
||
that gets executed and needs to be renamed "Create_Functions.pl".
|
||
</td></tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr><td>sample/Custom/Sql/users.sql
|
||
<br>sample/Custom/Sql/contact.sql
|
||
<br>sample/Custom/Sql/class.sql
|
||
<br>sample/Custom/Sql/students.sql
|
||
</td><td>These are the custom sql commands to be executed after
|
||
the perl script creates the default database setup.</td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>sample/Config.txt</td><td>This is the configuration for this
|
||
database. </td></tr>
|
||
<tr><td>sample/Tables.txt</td><td>This is the text file that defines
|
||
all the tables for our database.</td></tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<h3><a NAME="conclusions"></a>Conclusions</h3>
|
||
At long last, I have finally achieved a system that uses all free software
|
||
and does 90% of the work for me when I give it a list of database tables.
|
||
Also, my entire system is as systematic and tries to reuse code, thus it
|
||
is very easy for me to understand how to use the sql procedures, perl methods,
|
||
and perl scripts since they all use the same code and all are used the same
|
||
way. I find out that by taking a hard stance at making things systematic,
|
||
things actually become very easy to do, easy to understand, easy to modify,
|
||
and easy to add on to. The key is to find out what is being used more than
|
||
once and then replicating that process.
|
||
<p>
|
||
I am very happy with my system. I can now pump out webpages like crazy.
|
||
I no longer have to worry about what goes on in the middle, since it is
|
||
all taken care of. I know of tons of things I would like to get done, change,
|
||
add on, but I try to do the most important things first. Plus, it takes a while
|
||
to think through problems because I often ask myself "do I really want to do
|
||
that?" which takes up time.
|
||
<p>
|
||
I hope this lets you create webpages fast and relieves a lot of stress at
|
||
developing your web/database system. My goals in the future are to have
|
||
this Perl script create Php and Python code as well and to create a nice GUI
|
||
interface (either web-based or Xwindows independent) to handle creating
|
||
your database, checking for errors, generating reports, creating graphs,
|
||
alter the database, etc. I see lots of systems out there that can do this,
|
||
but I don't want a GNOME or KDE dependent interface. In my opinion, a nice
|
||
Python/TK solution would be cool since you can compile Python and it will run
|
||
under any XWindows environment. I want it to be useable by all, not just those
|
||
who run GNOME or KDE. Plus, Python can output JAVA code, which may be useful.
|
||
Also, I don't see other systems that try to force an implementation of
|
||
standard ways of doing things. My (or our) gui interface will enforce
|
||
the use of SDS or some other standard way of doing things. One thing I want to
|
||
reiterate is: I want future versions to create PHP and Python modules and
|
||
scripts. Why is this so important? It lets you change programming languages
|
||
rapidly which can be really useful if you want to use one language for all
|
||
needs (trust me, it is a headache to support multiple languages). If your
|
||
programmer is an idiot, and the next guy who you want to hire uses a different
|
||
programming language, guess what! No Problem! Again, my goal is to reduce
|
||
the cost of having database administrators, network administrators, and
|
||
programmers. Anything that is a bottleneck must go. If you don't advance your
|
||
own skills to meet new challenges, you deserve to fall behind. I want my
|
||
system to push the good guys forward and leave the bad guys in the dust.
|
||
<p>
|
||
The stuff I do here should be really easy to use with Mason, ASP, or other
|
||
cool ways of making webpages.
|
||
In ASP and Mason, you don't want to use the CGI module, so you can replace
|
||
it with their own query handling methods. One thing I stress again, is the
|
||
use of creating objects and concepts. Since I put all the good code into
|
||
perl modules, they become useable to Mason, ASP, or whatever method you use
|
||
to make webpages. By trying to create code that can be used under all
|
||
circumstances, I hope to be able to use this stuff no matter where I go.
|
||
I am thinking about my career and trying to reduce obstacles. I hope this
|
||
makes sense! Enjoy!
|
||
<p>
|
||
P.S. I got heat for claiming the database administrators serve the programmers.
|
||
I still claim it is true. The database administrator has no final product.
|
||
The final product occurs with the programmer, who needs a web server (managed
|
||
by the web admin), a database (managed by the database admin), and
|
||
a network (managed by the network admin). In turn, that final product is given
|
||
to the programmers boss, which is given to the customers or employees. Bottom
|
||
line, there is a chain of support, and I view customers and employees at the
|
||
top, and the computer geeks at the bottom. Anybody that you need to get your
|
||
product done is a facilitator and is below you, even if they have more
|
||
authority and they get paid more than you. Granted though, they must set
|
||
reasonable guidelines and prevent the programmer from doing stupid things.
|
||
<h3>
|
||
<a NAME="REF"></a>References</h3>
|
||
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="http://www.gnujobs.com/Articles/22/Perl_PostgreSQL2.html">
|
||
Part 2: PostgreSQL: Perl procedures with PL/pgSQL</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.gnujobs.com/Articles/20/Perl_PostgreSQL.html">
|
||
Part 1: PostgreSQL: Perl procedures with PL/pgSQL</a>.</li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.brw.net/php/whitepapers.php">
|
||
Branden Williams articles</a> on PostgreSQL. </li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://techdocs.postgresql.org/oresources.php">
|
||
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/oresources.php</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://techdocs.postgresql.org/">
|
||
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/</a></li>
|
||
<li> Some links which have nothing to do with this article, but I am
|
||
considering for future articles.
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a href="http://authpg.sourceforge.net/">
|
||
http://authpg.sourceforge.net/</a>. </li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.digitalstratum.com/pglogd/">
|
||
http://www.digitalstratum.com/pglogd/</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.giuseppetanzilli.it/mod_auth_pgsql/">
|
||
http://www.giuseppetanzilli.it/mod_auth_pgsql/</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.zort.ca/postgresql/">
|
||
http://www.zort.ca/postgresql/</a> -- very nice and I will use this. I tried
|
||
it, and it grouped all my tables together, so I had to ungroup it
|
||
and separate out the tables.
|
||
<li><a href="http://www.brasileiro.net/postgres/cookbook/">
|
||
http://www.brasileiro.net/postgres/cookbook/</a></li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
If this article
|
||
changes, it will be available here
|
||
<a href="http://www.gnujobs.com/Articles/24/PP3.html">
|
||
http://www.gnujobs.com/Articles/24/PP3.html</a></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<h4><img align=bottom alt="" src="../gx/note.gif">Mark Nielsen</h4>
|
||
<EM>Mark works as an independent consultant donating time to causes like
|
||
GNUJobs.com, writing articles, writing free software, and working
|
||
as a volunteer at <a href="http://www.eastmont.net">eastmont.net</a>.</EM>
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2001, Mark Nielsen.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 72 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, November 2001</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">The Foolish Things We Do With Our Computers</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:gazette@ssc.com">Mike "Iron" Orr</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<STRONG>Wow!</STRONG> <A HREF="../issue71/orr.html">Last month's</A>
|
||
Foolish Things article seems to have struck a chord. After reading about the
|
||
foolish things various Answer Gang members did, six readers wrote in with their
|
||
own anecdotes. Let's see what they have to say....
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H2>An Imsai story</H2>
|
||
|
||
By <A HREF="mailto:kascharf@bellsouth.net">Kenneth Scharf</A>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> When I was in college, I worked for a small computer store in NYC.
|
||
This had been a one-man shop (I was #2), and he built Imsai computers for
|
||
customers who didn't want a kit. He also fixed broken memory boards.
|
||
One day I came in to find the shop computer broken. He had been testing a
|
||
memory board (the case of the computer was ALWAYS open with an extender card
|
||
plugged in).
|
||
He told me he had just fried the whole computer and it was hopeless.
|
||
|
||
<P> He had reached for a pair of needle-nosed pliers, and
|
||
the end of the pliers had become impaled in a steel wool pad that he used
|
||
for cleaning the tip of his soldering iron. The steel wool pad became airborne
|
||
and landed in the backplane of the Imsai, setting off a fireworks display.
|
||
|
||
<P> I pushed him aside and grabbed his logic probe (I passed on the
|
||
oscilloscope) and started probing the front panel and CPU board. After about
|
||
an hour I found a dead 7400 on the front panel. Believe it or not, that was
|
||
the ONLY part that had gotten fried! A $0.25 part replaced and the Imsai was
|
||
back online.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- HR NOSHADE WIDTH="80%" --> <!-- ************************* -->
|
||
<H2>The computer That Was Afraid of the Dark</H2>
|
||
|
||
Another story by <A HREF="mailto:kascharf@bellsouth.net">Kenneth Scharf</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> A friend of mine used to work for one of the companies that made pinball
|
||
machines (I think Balley). Their
|
||
first computerized game used a z80 micro. The code was burned onto 2708's
|
||
(1k x 8 EPROMs). Seems
|
||
like they had gotten a good deal on these eproms, because they were a little
|
||
slower than spec.
|
||
Well the pin game logic checked out just fine in the lab but as soon as one
|
||
of the machines was
|
||
put together and buttoned up it wouldn't work. In fact none of the did. So
|
||
they opened the game up
|
||
(exposing the CPU board to the light) and it worked fine. Well, it seems
|
||
they didn't cover the
|
||
glass windows on the 2708's and when exposed to light those eproms got a
|
||
little faster and
|
||
decreased the access time to what the z80 wanted to see. So the fix was to
|
||
put a light bulb
|
||
inside the pin game. I wonder about those service calls when the bulb
|
||
burned out.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- HR NOSHADE WIDTH="80%" --> <!-- ************************* -->
|
||
<H2>The Little Computer Who Could</H2>
|
||
|
||
By <A HREF="mailto:acey@yifan.net">Jeff Avallone</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> A year ago I was building a new system for myself, a PIII 450 (which
|
||
was replacing my old P166). So, this is the first time I've dealt with a
|
||
Slot type processor. Anyway, I put the system together, plug
|
||
everything in, and while the thing is lying on it's side on the floor, I
|
||
turn it on for the first time. It goes into BIOS POST and then
|
||
starts booting Linux...in short it works.
|
||
|
||
<P> So, I power it down, put the
|
||
cover on the case and set it upright in its final resting place, then
|
||
turn it on to make sure everything works right...and nothing happens, no
|
||
beeps, no video init, no BIOS POST, nothing.
|
||
|
||
<P> So I figure I knocked
|
||
something loose while I was putting the cover on. I pull it out, lie it
|
||
on its side, remove the cover, check everything and then power it on (w/o
|
||
the cover again) and it works. So now I'm confused. I figure now it's
|
||
running, maybe the cover of the case is doing something, so I put the
|
||
cover on...and it still runs. Then I set it upright and move it into
|
||
place...and it locks up. I pull it down again, this time completely
|
||
confounded, and remove the cover. It starts running again.
|
||
|
||
<P> I later find
|
||
out that I didn't seat the processor completely and by standing the case
|
||
up the processor half fell out of the connector and did a fast system
|
||
lobotomy. When it was lying on it's side, the processor was seated enough
|
||
that it worked.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- HR NOSHADE WIDTH="80%" --> <!-- ************************* -->
|
||
<H2>Sparks!</H2>
|
||
|
||
By <A HREF="mailto:t_porter@dingoblue.net.au">Terry Porter</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> Hi :)
|
||
|
||
<P> About a week before I had a stroke (that's my excuse anyway), I had to
|
||
make up a power extension cord for a PC on our office network. The network
|
||
consisted of about nine PCs connected via coaxial cable.
|
||
|
||
<P> I was working as a Computer Service Engineer at the time, and one PC
|
||
had to be moved to a location where the power cord was about two meters too
|
||
short.
|
||
|
||
<P> While making up the extension cord, I unwittingly transposed *active* and
|
||
*earth*, <always triple check!> and then stupidly just plugged the PC
|
||
into the new power extension cord!
|
||
|
||
<P> There were cries of shock throughout the office, as the mains current raced
|
||
around the coaxial cable, from one PC to the next resulting in melted NIC
|
||
connectors and sparks. A co-worker later described as them as "an angle grinder
|
||
throwing sparks behind my PC".
|
||
|
||
<P> We were all shocked at how easy this was to do, and fortunately for me
|
||
I managed to repair 8/9 NIC cards, and no PCs were damaged due to the
|
||
isolation at the NIC connector.
|
||
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><EM>
|
||
[And no animals were harmed in the testing of this cable. :) -Mike.]
|
||
</EM></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- HR NOSHADE WIDTH="80%" --> <!-- ************************* -->
|
||
<H2>Strange Things in Computers</H2>
|
||
|
||
By <A HREF="mailto:ajdearson@usa.net">Tony Dearson</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> Many years ago--about 2years BIPC (Before IBM PC)--I bought a kit
|
||
Z80 single board called Nascom.
|
||
|
||
<P> As expected, on completion it didn't work. I traced everything on the
|
||
board and found two tracks that "didn't make it". Scrape the
|
||
varnish off the board, and two lengths of hair thin poly-coated wire ,
|
||
and the tracks were fixed.
|
||
|
||
<P> I found that it only worked for about 30 seconds. The guess was
|
||
the Z80 -- so I ran it for a week with a tobacco tin into which I
|
||
popped an ice cube.
|
||
I imagine that with today's processors, the ice cube would sublime
|
||
instantly using the coefficient of fusion and the coefficient of
|
||
vaporization in one go.
|
||
|
||
<P>--<BR>
|
||
Sitting on the fence is not always a good strategy<BR>
|
||
Look what happened to Humpty Dumpty.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- HR NOSHADE WIDTH="80%" --> <!-- ************************* -->
|
||
<H2>A warped story</H2>
|
||
|
||
By <A HREF="mailto:in4831@wlv.ac.uk">Harry Drummond</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> I wouldn't classify this as foolish - just warped but practical. In the
|
||
very early days of home computing, the first machines on the British market
|
||
to be cheap and (very basically) usable were produced by Sinclair. Initial
|
||
models had about 16k of RAM. But you could buy an upgrade to 48k. One snag
|
||
with the upgrade: the computer ran too hot and began misbehaving.
|
||
|
||
<P> Someone realised that putting something cool on the right area of the case
|
||
(I'm talking ice here, not music) would keep the temperature under control.
|
||
The "something cool" he had to hand was a pint of milk in a cardboard
|
||
carton straight out of the fridge. He must have written this up somewhere,
|
||
because it soon became the standard fix for hot Sinclairs!
|
||
|
||
<P> For economy, the carton went back into the fridge to cool down for the
|
||
next session. It was a very good idea to mark which carton you were using,
|
||
of course...!
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- HR NOSHADE WIDTH="80%" --> <!-- ************************* -->
|
||
<H2>Read carefully</H2>
|
||
|
||
By <A HREF="mailto:wes.parish@paradise.net.nz">Wes Parish</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> My foolish thing was misreading the little book that came with my
|
||
motherboard and inadvertently overclocking the CPU when I was putting
|
||
the wretched thing together.
|
||
|
||
<P> I wish I knew precisely what happened. Anyway, that CPU - and probably
|
||
that motherboard - is headed for the rubbish bin as soon as I can afford
|
||
a decent replacement for it.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- HR NOSHADE WIDTH="80%" --> <!-- ************************* -->
|
||
<H2>My Youthful Stupidity</H2>
|
||
|
||
By <A HREF="mailto:21019328@snetpa.cpg.com.au">Brett</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> One day I was trying to figure out what this strange scratching sound
|
||
coming from my computer was, and I eventually narrowed it down to the hard
|
||
drive (no-name brand
|
||
Pentuim3 with too much stuff in it)
|
||
So being the young know-it-all that I was I decided to see if I could
|
||
fix it.
|
||
I started by removing the top cover of the hard drive, and found inside
|
||
that one of the read/write heads was slightly stuffed and the majority
|
||
of screws were loose.
|
||
(They just have to use those silly triangle shaped screws
|
||
so no one can have an easy time, don't they!)
|
||
From that point I decided to replace the read/write heads and
|
||
tighten all the screws, and so i did.
|
||
Eventually it looked sort of normal again, so i closed it up and took it
|
||
for a test drive.
|
||
|
||
<P> I was successful, and it is still working with Linux Mandrake today.
|
||
From 2000 - 2001, only 3 crashes so far. Fingers crossed!
|
||
I now know that HDDs are made in laboratory conditions but I also know
|
||
you can fix em and still have them be just as reliable.
|
||
p.s: Ice is a really good idea except for it melts!
|
||
Try Gel packs for sports injuries. They are in super-strong double lined
|
||
plastic. You put em in the freezer for a couple of hours and they stay
|
||
cold for about six hours.
|
||
Just throw it on yer motherboard and your heating problems are solved.
|
||
Sold at chemists.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- HR NOSHADE WIDTH="80%" --> <!-- ************************* -->
|
||
<H2>Conclusion</H2>
|
||
|
||
<P> That's it for this month. The need for cooling seems to be a strong
|
||
theme. Perhaps I should call this series "The Foolish Ways We Cool Our
|
||
Computers".
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> If you would like to tell us about the most foolish thing you've done
|
||
with your computer, maybe we'll publish it.
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:gazette@ssc.com">gazette@ssc.com</A>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Mike Orr</H4>
|
||
<EM>Mike ("Iron") is the Editor of <I>Linux Gazette</I>. You can read what he
|
||
has to say in the Back Page column in this issue. He has been a Linux
|
||
enthusiast since 1991 and a Debian user since 1995. He is SSC's web technical
|
||
coordinator, which means he gets to write a lot of Python scripts.
|
||
Non-computer interests include Ska/Oi! music and the international language
|
||
Esperanto. The nickname Iron was given to him in college--short for Iron Orr,
|
||
hahaha.</EM>
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2001, Mike "Iron" Orr.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 72 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, November 2001</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">Qubism</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:sirflakey@core.org.au">Jon "Sir Flakey" Harsem</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
|
||
<IMG ALT="qb-constructor-s.jpg" SRC="misc/qubism/qb-constructor-s.jpg"
|
||
WIDTH="600" HEIGHT="240">
|
||
<BR CLEAR="all">
|
||
|
||
<IMG ALT="qb-parkes-s.jpg" SRC="misc/qubism/qb-parkes-s.jpg"
|
||
WIDTH="600" HEIGHT="240">
|
||
<BR CLEAR="all">
|
||
|
||
<IMG ALT="qb-wirelessadv-s.jpg" SRC="misc/qubism/qb-wirelessadv-s.jpg"
|
||
WIDTH="600" HEIGHT="240">
|
||
<BR CLEAR="all">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Jon "SirFlakey" Harsem</H4>
|
||
<EM>Jon is the and creator of the Qubism cartoon strip and current
|
||
Editor-in-Chief of the
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.core.org.au/">CORE</A> News Site.
|
||
Somewhere along the early stages of
|
||
his life he picked up a pencil and started drawing on the wallpaper. Now
|
||
his cartoons appear 5 days a week on-line, go figure. He confesses to
|
||
owning a Mac but swears it is for "personal use".</EM>
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2001, Jon "Sir Flakey" Harsem.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 72 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, November 2001</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">A Quick and Easy Way to Set Up a Mailing List</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:%6C%61%77%72%65%6E%63%65%74%65%6F%40%6C%79%63%6F%73%2E%63%6F%6D">Lawrence Teo</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H2>1. Why do you need a mailing list?</H2>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Picture this:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
You've just started working with your colleagues on a new project. After the
|
||
first meeting, everyone agrees that sending e-mails about each other's progress
|
||
to all the members in the group periodically is the way to go. Everybody leaves
|
||
the table, and you send out your first message to your colleagues' e-mail
|
||
addresses. Everything goes well for awhile... until somebody new joins the
|
||
group. Now everybody has to update their long list of addresses in the "To:"
|
||
field, some people forget, and the new person didn't receive all the e-mails
|
||
and starts complaining. Gradually, things start turning into a mess.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
As things become more haphazard, you say to yourself, "Now, if only I can send
|
||
all my e-mails to a single address, and that e-mail will propagate out to
|
||
everybody else." Well, that is possible. What you need is a mailing list.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
Most of us aren't strangers to mailing lists, especially if you're
|
||
an active or long-time participant in the Linux community. But trust me, there
|
||
are people out there who aren't familiar with mailing lists and how convenient
|
||
they can be.
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Now, let's say you agree that you need a mailing list. But you don't
|
||
have time to set up one. If you have been a participant in a public and busy
|
||
mailing list such as Bugtraq, you'll notice that they run a mailing list
|
||
management program such as Majordomo or ezmlm. If you want a <I>simple</I>
|
||
mailing list, and you need it quick, you don't need to play around with those.
|
||
Plus, you don't really need the more complex features they offer. A standard
|
||
Linux system is sufficient for setting up a simple mailing list for a workgroup.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
In this article, I'll discuss how to set up such a simple mailing list using
|
||
the standard Mail Transfer Agents (MTAs) that come with a standard Linux
|
||
distribution, such as sendmail, Postfix or exim. Remember, though, the keyword
|
||
is <i>simple</i>. That means that our mailing list will not have the fancy
|
||
features offered by the heavy duty mailing list management programs.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
As an added bonus, I've written another article in this same Linux Gazette
|
||
issue that discusses how to set up a simple web-based archive of this mailing
|
||
list (it's entitled <A HREF="teo2.html">"Setting Up a Web-based Archive for a
|
||
Mailing List"</A>). But if a mailing list is all you need, and/or you don't
|
||
have time, this article is all you need to read.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<H2>2. Setting up the mailing list</H2>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Setting up the mailing list is pretty straightforward. I'll first talk about
|
||
what you need, and then proceed to the actual instructions on setting it up.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<H3>2.1 What you need</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
First, here's what you need to set up the mailing list:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<LI> <B>A Linux system that is permanently connected to the Internet with
|
||
a static IP address, or your office internal network.</B> This is
|
||
pretty obvious, but I'm putting it here just in case! ;-) Additionally, this
|
||
system should be running 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, or at least during
|
||
the times of
|
||
the day when your workgroup will be mailing each other.
|
||
<LI> <B>A Mail Transfer Agent such as sendmail, Postfix or exim.</B> Most
|
||
Linux distributions should come with one of these by default.
|
||
</UL>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Once you've got all the requirements,
|
||
the very first thing you need to do is to check that your MTA is actually
|
||
running. I usually check this by running netstat as follows:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
lteo@mybox:~$ <B>netstat -a | grep smtp</B>
|
||
tcp 0 0 *:smtp *:* LISTEN
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
If the system responds with that line, it usually means that your MTA is
|
||
up and running. If it is not running, you need to activate it. The actual way
|
||
to do that depends on the system. For example, on Debian run
|
||
"/etc/init.d/sendmail start". On Red Hat, run "/etc/rc.d/init.d/sendmail
|
||
start". (Your system may have the script in a different location.) To make it
|
||
permanent, do a "chmod +x /etc/init.d/sendmail" (or wherever). On Slackware,
|
||
you'll have to uncomment the lines that activate sendmail in /etc/rc.d/rc.M,
|
||
and either restart the system, or run it manually for now using the command in
|
||
that file.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<H3>2.2 Let's set it up!</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
The first thing you need to do is to think of a name for your mailing list.
|
||
For example, if the Linux box you're using is called mybox.example.com, you
|
||
can call your mailing list address "theproject@mybox.example.com".
|
||
Any e-mails sent to theproject@mybox.example.com will then be propagated to
|
||
all e-mail addresses registered to it. For the purpose of this article, let's
|
||
say we want the mails
|
||
that reach that address to go out to linus@mybox.example.com,
|
||
alan@example.net, and esr@example.org.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
The next thing you need to do is to set up the MTA's aliases file. The
|
||
aliases file is usually stored as /etc/aliases or /etc/mail/aliases
|
||
depending on your Linux distribution. Once you locate it, fire up your
|
||
favorite text editor and edit it. You may see some default lines in that
|
||
file, such as "webmaster: root", "postmaster:root", and so on. Just ignore
|
||
those lines and scroll to the end of the file. Now add the following lines:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
# The Project mailing list
|
||
theproject:
|
||
linus,
|
||
alan@example.net,
|
||
esr@example.org
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
You can now save and exit from your editor.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
As you can see, we can just use the string "linus" for
|
||
"linus@mybox.example.com" since our machine is
|
||
mybox.example.com and linus is a user on the machine. You can
|
||
write comments by placing them after the # symbol. The # symbol must be the
|
||
first character in the line.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<B>Important!</B> Now here comes the extremely <I>important</I> step!
|
||
Depending on which MTA you
|
||
are using, you may need to run a command for your changes to the aliases
|
||
file for it to take effect. If you don't, the mailing list will <I>not</I> work!
|
||
The following table shows what command you need
|
||
to run after editing the aliases file.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<CENTER>
|
||
<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLSPACING="1" CELLPADDING="3">
|
||
<TR>
|
||
<TH>MTA</TH><TH>Command</TH>
|
||
</TR>
|
||
<TR>
|
||
<TD>sendmail</TD><TD><CODE>newaliases</CODE></TD>
|
||
</TR>
|
||
<TR>
|
||
<TD>Postfix</TD><TD><CODE>postaliases /etc/aliases</CODE></TD>
|
||
</TR>
|
||
<TR>
|
||
<TD>exim</TD><TD><EM>[No command needed.]</EM></TD>
|
||
</TR>
|
||
</TABLE>
|
||
</CENTER>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Congratulations! You should now have a working mailing list. To test it,
|
||
just send an e-mail to theproject@mybox.example.com, and see if
|
||
linus@mybox.example.com, alan@example.net, and esr@example.org get it.
|
||
Personally, I test my mailing lists using free webmail accounts just to see
|
||
if it really works.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P> <EM>[Note: example.com, example.net and example.org are domain names
|
||
reserved for testing per
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2606.txt">RFC 2606</A>, and will
|
||
never be assigned to real sites. So watch the spambots harvest the addresses
|
||
above and send spam to nonexistent sites. Whee! -Iron]</EM>
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Adding and removing e-mail addresses is straightforward. Just use your
|
||
text editor and add or remove those e-mail addresses from the aliases file.
|
||
Again, remember to run that all-important command after editing the aliases
|
||
file to inform the MTA that you've made changes.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
There is one thing you need to know about this mailing list, though. Unlike
|
||
the full-blown mailing lists run by majordomo or ezmlm, a third
|
||
party can send e-mails
|
||
to our mailing list address and it'll still be sent to our registered
|
||
recipients' e-mail addresses. Therefore, there may be a security issue here.
|
||
That's why I stressed so much that this mailing list is meant to be
|
||
<I>simple</I>.
|
||
But if you're using it within a small trusted workgroup, it should be fine.
|
||
Also, you may want to avoid revealing your mailing list address to the public,
|
||
both for security and privacy reasons, and also to avoid getting spammed.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<H3>2.3 Summary</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
That's about it regarding setting up the mailing list. Simple, isn't it? Just
|
||
to make sure you don't miss out anything, here's a short summary of our
|
||
previous discussion on setting up a mailing list:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<OL>
|
||
<LI> Make sure that your MTA is up and running. You can use the command
|
||
"netstat -a | grep smtp" to check this.
|
||
<LI> Choose a name for your mailing list, e.g.
|
||
theproject@mybox.example.com.
|
||
<LI> Add the mailing list addresses and register the e-mail addresses
|
||
in the aliases file (either /etc/mail/aliases or /etc/aliases depending
|
||
on your distribution).
|
||
<LI> If you're using sendmail or postfix, run "newaliases" or
|
||
"postaliases /etc/aliases" respectively. If you're using exim, you
|
||
don't need to run anything.
|
||
<LI> Test your mailing list by sending a test mail to
|
||
theproject@mybox.example.com.
|
||
</OL>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<H2>3. Parting notes</H2>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<EM>That's it! I hope you find your brand new mailing list useful. I've used
|
||
this method of setting up mailing lists many times for my workgroups, friends,
|
||
and whenever there's a need for a simple mailing list. Of course, this is
|
||
just one way of setting up such a mailing list. If you've found this
|
||
method useful, or if you have any comments or suggestions, please feel free to
|
||
write to me about them. I would really like to hear from you.</EM>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Remember, if you want to know how to set up a web-based archive of this list,
|
||
you can read <A HREF="teo2.html">"Setting Up a Web-based Archive for a Mailing
|
||
List"</A>, also in this issue of Linux Gazette.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Till then, have fun!
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Lawrence Teo</H4>
|
||
<EM>Lawrence Teo is a Ph.D. student at the University of North Carolina at
|
||
Charlotte. He researches on intrusion detection
|
||
and critical infrastructure protection technologies with his
|
||
research unit, the Laboratory of Information Integration, Security, and
|
||
Privacy (LIISP). Lawrence has previously worked as a contract software
|
||
engineer at Lycos, Singapore and as a research assistant at DSTC in Melbourne,
|
||
Australia. He holds an Honors Degree in Bachelor of Computing from Monash
|
||
University in Melbourne, Australia. You can send him e-mail at
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:%6C%61%77%72%65%6E%63%65%74%65%6F%40%6C%79%63%6F%73%2E%63%6F%6D">lawrenceteo<SPAM>@lycos.com</A>.</EM>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2001, Lawrence Teo.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 72 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, November 2001</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">Setting Up a Web-based Archive for a Mailing List</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:%6C%61%77%72%65%6E%63%65%74%65%6F%40%6C%79%63%6F%73%2E%63%6F%6D">Lawrence Teo</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- END header -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H2>1. Introduction</H2>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
In this article, I'll describe how to set up a web-based archive for
|
||
a mailing list. This article picks up from where I left off in my previous
|
||
article, <A HREF="teo.html">"A Quick and Easy Way to Set Up a Mailing List"</A>,
|
||
also in this issue
|
||
of Linux Gazette. If you haven't already done so, I highly recommend that
|
||
you read that article first before reading this one. A lot of the context and
|
||
content in here are derived from the methods described in that article.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<H3>1.1 The mailing list setup</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
First, I'll briefly describe the mailing list setup that we'll be using in
|
||
this article. If you have read the previous article, this setup will be
|
||
familiar to you.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Let's say that we have a mailing list called theproject@mybox.example.com,
|
||
running on a Linux system called mybox.example.com. The e-mail addresses
|
||
subscribed to this list are linus@mybox.example.com, alan@example.net, and
|
||
esr@example.org. We set this up using our Mail Transfer Agent's aliases file
|
||
(usually /etc/mail/aliases or /etc/aliases, depending on your distribution).
|
||
Our mailing list has been set up like this in the aliases file:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
theproject:
|
||
linus,
|
||
alan@example.net,
|
||
esr@example.org
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
So when e-mails are sent to theproject@mybox.example.com, those e-mails will
|
||
be automatically propagated to linus@mybox.example.com, alan@example.net,
|
||
and esr@example.org.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<H2>2. Setting up the web-based archive</H2>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Before we get started with the instructions for setting up the web-based
|
||
archive, I'll first explain what we plan to achieve. What we want to do is
|
||
allow your workgroup members to access a website that will host your mailing
|
||
list archive. For example, you can host your mailing list archive on
|
||
http://mybox.example.com/theproject/ and make it accessible to all your
|
||
workgroup members.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Having a web-based archive makes it easier and more
|
||
convenient to check out what has been discussed. Also, it can act as a central
|
||
location to store documents and other attachments. You can also use it as
|
||
a backup in the unfortunate event that you lose your e-mails (which I hope
|
||
will never happen!).
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
If you want to set up a web-based archive for your mailing list, you'll need:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<LI> <B>The Apache webserver.</B> Of course, you can use some other
|
||
webserver. However, Apache is the most common webserver installed by
|
||
default on almost all Linux distributions (to my knowledge), and it's
|
||
also the one that I'm most familiar with. In this article, I'll use
|
||
Apache 1.3.20 as the example.
|
||
<LI> <B>Hypermail.</B> Hypermail is a nifty program that you can use
|
||
to generate web-based mail archives from a UNIX mailbox file. You can
|
||
grab it from
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.hypermail.org/">http://www.hypermail.org/</A>.
|
||
I'll use hypermail 2.1.2 for the purposes of this article.
|
||
<LI> <B>cron.</B> cron is a program that you can use to run tasks
|
||
at scheduled times. It should be installed by default in all
|
||
Linux distributions (I'll be shocked if I find a distribution that
|
||
doesn't include cron!). In this article, we'll use cron to update
|
||
our web-based archive periodically.
|
||
</UL>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
You'll first need to check if the webserver is running. Again, you can
|
||
use the netstat command to do this:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
lteo@mybox:~$ <B>netstat -a | grep www</B>
|
||
tcp 0 0 *:www *:* LISTEN
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
If the system responds with that line, it is likely that your webserver is
|
||
already running. If it is not, you can start it by issuing the command
|
||
"/etc/init.d/apache start" on Debian, the same or "/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
|
||
start" on Red Hat, etc. In Slackware, issue the command "/etc/rc.d/rc.httpd
|
||
start".
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<H3>2.1 Installing hypermail</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
After you've downloaded hypermail, proceed to install it using the instructions
|
||
in its README file. The installation steps should be pretty standard. If
|
||
you're in a hurry, the following commands should work for you (they're
|
||
meant for hypermail 2.1.2; substitute the version number for the hypermail
|
||
version you downloaded):
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
root@mybox:~# <B>tar zxf hypermail-2.1.2.tgz</B>
|
||
root@mybox:~# <B>cd hypermail-2.1.2</B>
|
||
root@mybox:~/hypermail-2.1.2# <B>./configure</B>
|
||
root@mybox:~/hypermail-2.1.2# <B>make</B>
|
||
root@mybox:~/hypermail-2.1.2# <B>make install</B>
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<H3>2.2 Creating a dummy account</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
The next thing you need to do is to set up a dummy user account on your
|
||
system. We will register this account on the mailing list, and use it
|
||
exclusively for collecting all mails sent to the mailing list. We will then
|
||
generate the mailing list archive using this dummy user account's mailbox.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Let's call our dummy account "projarc". You can create it in the same way
|
||
you create a normal user account on your Linux distribution. I personally use
|
||
the adduser command on my Debian GNU/Linux system:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
root@mybox:~# <B>adduser</B>
|
||
Enter a username to add: <B>projarc</B>
|
||
Adding user projarc...
|
||
Adding new group projarc (1004).
|
||
Adding new user projarc (1004) with group projarc.
|
||
Creating home directory /home/projarc.
|
||
Copying files from /etc/skel
|
||
Enter new UNIX password: <B><password></B>
|
||
Retype new UNIX password: <B><password></B>
|
||
passwd: password updated successfully
|
||
Changing the user information for projarc
|
||
Enter the new value, or press return for the default
|
||
Full Name []: <B>Dummy user</B>
|
||
Room Number []:
|
||
Work Phone []:
|
||
Home Phone []:
|
||
Other []:
|
||
Is the information correct? [y/n] <B>y</B>
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
You will need to add this user to your the aliases file (/etc/mail/aliases
|
||
or /etc/aliases) to get it registered as a member of the mailing list. To do
|
||
this, just edit the file and add the username to the list. The section that
|
||
describes your mailing list members in the aliases file should look like
|
||
this:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
# The Project mailing list
|
||
theproject:
|
||
projarc,
|
||
linus,
|
||
alan@example.net,
|
||
esr@example.org
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Remember to run that command to inform your MTA about the changes after
|
||
you've done this.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
We will be using projarc's public webspace to host our mailing list archive.
|
||
To do that, create a public_html directory in the projarc's home directory:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
lteo@mybox:~$ <B>su - projarc</B>
|
||
Password: <B><password></B>
|
||
projarc@mybox:~$ <B>mkdir public_html</B>
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Note that the user's public webspace may be represented by another name instead
|
||
of public_html. It depends on your webserver setup. You also need to ensure
|
||
that your webserver allows users to host public webspaces in this manner.
|
||
I'll explain how to enable this in the next section.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<H3>2.3 Setting up Apache</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
The next step is to set up Apache so that it allows users on the machine to
|
||
have their own public web directories. The Apache configuration file you
|
||
need to edit is /etc/apache/httpd.conf. Again, this may differ depending
|
||
on your distribution. If it's not there, issue the command "locate httpd.conf"
|
||
or "find / -name httpd.conf" to find it. Once you've found it, open it up
|
||
with your text editor and make sure that the following lines are uncommented
|
||
(meaning they don't have the # symbol in front of them):
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
<IfModule mod_userdir.c>
|
||
UserDir public_html
|
||
</IfModule>
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
It is likely that your UserDir value is not public_html, and may be something
|
||
else like www. You can use whatever directory name you wish to represent
|
||
the user's webspace.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Now if you want your workgroup members to access your archive using an
|
||
address such as http://mybox.example.com/theproject/ you'll need to set up a
|
||
symbolic link from your Apache's root webspace to point to projarc's webspace.
|
||
To find out what your Apache's root webspace is, check out the DocumentRoot
|
||
value in /etc/apache/httpd.conf:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
root@mybox:~# <B>grep ^DocumentRoot /etc/apache/httpd.conf</B>
|
||
DocumentRoot /var/www
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
In the above example, Apache's root webspace is at /var/www. To create a
|
||
symbolic link to point to projarc's public webspace, issue the following
|
||
commands:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
root@mybox:~# <B>cd /var/www</B>
|
||
root@mybox:/var/www# <B>ln -s /home/projarc/public_html theproject</B>
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<H3>2.4 Testing hypermail</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
When a user receives e-mails, the e-mails will be stored in a file called
|
||
/var/mail/username. So in the case of projarc, the file will be called
|
||
/var/mail/projarc (Note: in some distributions, this would be
|
||
/var/spool/mail/projarc).
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
We can use hypermail to read that mail file to generate the
|
||
web-based archive. However, when the projarc account is newly created, that
|
||
file won't exist yet. So you'll need to send an e-mail to
|
||
theproject@mybox.example.com first just to get that file created.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
After sending out that test mail, run the following command as projarc:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
projarc@mybox:~$ <B>hypermail -m /var/mail/projarc -l "The Project" -d /home/projarc/public_html</B>
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Now open up http://mybox.example.com/theproject/ in your web browser and
|
||
you should see your mailing list archive there. It should look something like
|
||
this:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<CENTER>
|
||
<TABLE BORDER="1" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="70%">
|
||
<TR><TD>
|
||
<H1 ALIGN="center">The Project<BR>By Thread</H1>
|
||
|
||
<FONT COLOR="blue"><STRONG><U>Most recent messages</STRONG></U></FONT><BR>
|
||
|
||
<STRONG>1 messages sorted by:</STRONG>
|
||
<FONT COLOR="blue">
|
||
<U>[ author ]</U>
|
||
<U>[ date ]</U>
|
||
<U>[ subject ]</U>
|
||
<U>[ attachment ]</U>
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
<HR NOSHADE><P>
|
||
<STRONG>Starting:</STRONG> <EM>Sat Oct 20 2001 - 01:45:23 EDT</EM><BR>
|
||
<STRONG>Ending:</STRONG> <EM>Sat Oct 20 2001 - 01:45:23 EDT</EM><BR>
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<LI><FONT COLOR="blue"><U><STRONG>This is the first message</STRONG></U></FONT> <EM>Lawrence Teo <SMALL>(Sat Oct 20 2001 - 01:45:23 EDT)</SMALL></EM>
|
||
</UL>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<STRONG>Last message date:</STRONG></A> <EM>Sat Oct 20 2001 - 01:45:23 EDT</EM><BR>
|
||
<STRONG>Archived on:</STRONG> <em>Sun Oct 21 2001 - 01:50:56 EDT</EM><p>
|
||
<HR NOSHADE>
|
||
|
||
<STRONG>1 messages sorted by:</STRONG>
|
||
<FONT COLOR="blue">
|
||
<U>[ author ]</U>
|
||
<U>[ date ]</U>
|
||
<U>[ subject ]</U>
|
||
<U>[ attachment ]</U>
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</TD></TR>
|
||
</TABLE>
|
||
</CENTER>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
It would be more convenient to use a hypermail configuration file to run
|
||
hypermail instead of typing in all those command-line parameters all the time.
|
||
To do this, create a file called /home/projarc/projarc-hmrc and fill it with
|
||
the following lines:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
mbox = /var/mail/projarc
|
||
label = The Project
|
||
dir = /home/projarc/public_html
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
You can now generate the mailing archive by running the following command:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
projarc@mybox:~$ <B>hypermail -c /home/projarc/projarc-hmrc</B>
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<H3>2.5 Setting up cron</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Now, we would definitely want our mailing list archive to be automatically
|
||
updated whenever somebody sends mail to the mailing list. We will use cron
|
||
to do this. It won't be updated in real time, but we can set cron to run
|
||
hypermail every 5 minutes, which should be frequent enough for a simple
|
||
mailing list. Of course, you can always use a shorter interval such as
|
||
2 minutes; it's entirely up to you. Just remember that the shorter the interval,
|
||
the more load the machine will have to handle. That may not be good if you
|
||
have mail files that are really big with a lot of attachments, and you're
|
||
hosting several mailing lists on a slow machine.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
So, let's set up cron. Issue the following command to edit your cron table:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
projarc@mybox:~$ <B>crontab -e</B>
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
You should now be in an editor with your crontab file open. If you want
|
||
hypermail to run every 5 minutes, enter the following lines:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
# Update The Project mailing list archive every 5 minutes
|
||
*/5 * * * * /usr/bin/hypermail -c /home/projarc/projarc-hmrc
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
When you're done, just save and exit. To test it, just wait for five minutes
|
||
and refresh the http://mybox.example.com/theproject/ web page on your
|
||
browser. You should see the updated "Archived on" timestamp after hypermail
|
||
runs.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<H3>2.6 Summary</H3>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
Here's a summary of the steps we used to set up our web-based mailing list
|
||
archive:
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<OL>
|
||
<LI> Make sure that your Apache webserver is up and running. You
|
||
can use the command "netstat -a | grep www" to check this.
|
||
<LI> Install hypermail on your system.
|
||
<LI> Create a dummy account to host your mailing list archive, e.g.
|
||
projarc.
|
||
<LI> Add the dummy account's username to the aliases file (/etc/aliases
|
||
or /etc/mail/aliases). Run the "newaliases" (for sendmail) or
|
||
"postalias /etc/aliases" (for Postfix) command to inform the MTA about
|
||
the changes. You don't need to run any command for exim.
|
||
<LI> Make the public webspace directory for the projarc user, e.g.
|
||
"mkdir public_html"
|
||
<LI> Set up Apache to allow public webspaces for users in the
|
||
/etc/apache/httpd.conf file.
|
||
<LI> Set up a symbolic link to point to projarc's webspace, e.g.
|
||
"ln -s /home/projarc/public_html theproject"
|
||
<LI> Test hypermail by running a command such as 'hypermail -m
|
||
/var/mail/projarc -l "The Project" -d /home/projarc/public_html'. Then
|
||
check "http://mybox.example.com/theproject/" to see if your mailing
|
||
list archive is there.
|
||
<LI> Set up cron to run hypermail every 5 minutes (or at any interval
|
||
you wish).
|
||
</OL>
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
I hope that you'll find the web-based mailing list archive to be as useful as
|
||
I have. If you have any comments or suggestions, please feel free to drop me
|
||
some e-mail.
|
||
</P>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN bio *** -->
|
||
<SPACER TYPE="vertical" SIZE="30">
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Lawrence Teo</H4>
|
||
<EM>Lawrence Teo is a Ph.D. student at the University of North Carolina at
|
||
Charlotte. He researches on intrusion detection
|
||
and critical infrastructure protection technologies with his
|
||
research unit, the Laboratory of Information Integration, Security, and
|
||
Privacy (LIISP). Lawrence has previously worked as a contract software
|
||
engineer at Lycos, Singapore and as a research assistant at DSTC in Melbourne,
|
||
Australia. He holds an Honors Degree in Bachelor of Computing from Monash
|
||
University in Melbourne, Australia. You can send him e-mail at
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:%6C%61%77%72%65%6E%63%65%74%65%6F%40%6C%79%63%6F%73%2E%63%6F%6D">lawrenceteo<SPAM>@lycos.com</A>.</EM>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END bio *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2001, Lawrence Teo.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 72 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, November 2001</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4 ALIGN="center">
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more <STRONG>SCARY!</STRONG></I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">The Back Page</font></H1>
|
||
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a HREF="#nottag">Not The Answer Gang</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="#notbytes">Not News Bytes</a>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<a name="nottag"></a>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center><H3><font color="maroon">Not The Answer Gang</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--======================================================================-->
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H3 ALIGN="center">Cracking Slackware Linux</H3>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><strong>Answered By Iron
|
||
</strong></FONT></p>
|
||
|
||
<STRONG>
|
||
Sir,
|
||
I have just read your articles. It is really
|
||
interesting and that's why i dare to send you this
|
||
email. Sir, can you tell me any way to enter(hack)
|
||
into slackware linux (through any program or
|
||
shellscript whatever).
|
||
Sir, I am eagerly waiting for your reply. Please send
|
||
me the reply as quick as possible.
|
||
</STRONG>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Iron]
|
||
|
||
<P> Choose your favorite reply.
|
||
|
||
<OL>
|
||
<LI> Push the 'Hack' button on your keyboard.<P>
|
||
|
||
<LI> Sir, are you stoned or were you always this way?<P>
|
||
|
||
<LI> Real hackers wouldn't have to ask.<P>
|
||
|
||
<LI> Start by cracking something simple, like DOS 3.0.<P>
|
||
|
||
<LI> The square pegs go into the square holes, and the round pegs go into
|
||
the round holes.<P>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
Hi, you've reached the Linux Gazette Answer Gang....
|
||
Linux ::::::::: a modern operating system not much like any of:
|
||
--- DOS -- Windows -- Solaris -- MacOS -- alien starships ---
|
||
... except occasionally, an ability to run on the same hardware.
|
||
Gazette ::::::: published more regularly than "almanac." In our case:
|
||
--- a monthly web-based magazine, home: www.linuxgazette.com
|
||
Answer Gang ::: Not the "lazy college student's UNstudy group"
|
||
--- nor the "hey d00dz help me cRaK my neighBoorZ klub"
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
</OL>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--======================================================================-->
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H3 ALIGN="center">Small sharp tools vs Bloatware</H3>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><strong>Answered By John Karns, Iron, Ben Okopnik
|
||
</strong></FONT></p>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [John]
|
||
|
||
<P> On several occasions I've read mention of the unix philosophy where each
|
||
program concentrates on doing a few things and doing them well. Thus
|
||
MTA's don't generally handle POP'ing, etc. The example given of Eudora,
|
||
Netscape and Outlook are phenomena of a different OS. In the case of
|
||
Netscape, its roots were closely tied to unix, but most of the development
|
||
was targeted for users of the other OS - and its unfortunate that some of
|
||
the ISP's are designing their configurations assuming that virtuall all
|
||
subscribers will be using that platform.
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Iron]
|
||
|
||
<P> And don't forget how much Netscape Mail changed the landscape. Prior to
|
||
Netscape, most Unix people read mail from shell accounts, and the local
|
||
machine had its own sendmail. Windows users depended on mail gateways
|
||
between Internet and their Novell/Windows/Vines/whatever network, so they
|
||
as users never had to configure anything. Of course, there were a few
|
||
POP users here and there, but relatively few. Then Netscape Mail
|
||
appeared, and suddenly ISPs and LANs were faced with large numbers of
|
||
e-mailing users on Windows boxen that didn't have their own mail transport
|
||
agent, so they had to rely on an upstream POP/SMTP server. Nowadays, it's
|
||
just assumed that most users will connect this way. (Well, *most* users
|
||
use Hotmail or one of the other webmail services....)
|
||
|
||
<P> There's a fascinating book <EM>Digitopia</EM> that talks about how
|
||
computerization has changed our society a lot more than people realize, because
|
||
of the human mind's tendency to adapt to new situations and forget how things
|
||
used to be. The author points out that each time a new Playstation or software
|
||
update comes out, people get excited and then bored, but they forget that the
|
||
new version is causing the same about of excitement and boredom as the previous
|
||
version did. We think about Netscape 2 now and wonder how people could have
|
||
been excited about such a crappy application, but that's because we're
|
||
forgetting what the situation was like then.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--======================================================================-->
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H3 ALIGN="center">AOL knights</H3>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><strong>Answered By Iron, John Karns, Ben Okopnik
|
||
</strong></FONT></p>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Iron]
|
||
|
||
<P> AOL became the biggest [ISP in the US]
|
||
through a massive marketing campaign, sending millions of "try me out"
|
||
CDs.
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [John]
|
||
|
||
<P> .. and before those, floppies. I used to receive at least one of those in
|
||
the mail every week. I remember a humor piece circulating on the 'net
|
||
along the lines of "Creative uses for AOL floppy disks", which was quite
|
||
funny.
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
|
||
<P> Heh. A FoF has made a <EM>suit of armor</EM> out of the CDs. There's also some
|
||
fascinating stuff you can do with them after microwaving... Very useful,
|
||
that AOL. <grin>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--======================================================================-->
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H3 ALIGN="center">The two sides of a VPN</H3>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><strong>Answered By Jim Dennis
|
||
</strong></FONT></p>
|
||
|
||
<STRONG>
|
||
Do both sides of a VPN [Virtual Private Network] need special hardware to make
|
||
a secure connection or can one side have nothing but an internet connection and
|
||
the other side handle all the VPN stuff?
|
||
</STRONG>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Jim]
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> I know this is going to come across as a flame; but I have
|
||
to observe that this question is so clueless that I'm truly
|
||
befuddled as to what sort of muddled thought process could
|
||
lead to this question.
|
||
|
||
<P> The basic question, "do both sides of a VPN need special hardware?",
|
||
is flawed. Neither side of a VPN needs special *hardware*.
|
||
Both sides of a VPN connection need "special" (and interoperable)
|
||
hardware *or* software.
|
||
|
||
<P> The remainder of the question is the muddled part: "... can one
|
||
side have nothing but an internet connection".
|
||
|
||
<P> That's almost like asking, "Do both ends of a phone conversation
|
||
need to have phones, or can one end do all the phone stuff and
|
||
on the other end have nothing but a wire?"
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--======================================================================-->
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H3 ALIGN="center">Bad Boy</H3>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><strong>Answered By Thomas Adam, Iron, Ben Okopnik
|
||
</strong></FONT></p>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Thomas]
|
||
|
||
<P> Damn,
|
||
|
||
<P> This e-mail was sent as in-line HTML.
|
||
|
||
<P> Hey Heather....don't look at me like that. There's no
|
||
need to shoot the "message-forwarder/replier"
|
||
<IMG ALT=":)" SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" WIDTH="20" HEIGHT="24">
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Iron]
|
||
|
||
<P> Ben's the one who usually looks at people menanicingly.
|
||
He's our honorary "bad boy" because he's a KGB spy.
|
||
|
||
<P> [Note to US FBI: Hi there! I see you're monitoring our
|
||
e-mail. That Carnivore program sure is something, hey?
|
||
That comment about Ben being a spy was a joke. Later doodz.]
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Thomas]
|
||
|
||
<P> Surely "linux-questions-only" means just that? So
|
||
where does psychology enter into it??
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Iron]
|
||
|
||
<P> Obviously the address was harvested by a program and no human
|
||
ever saw it. The most outrageous pieces of spam, off-topic
|
||
questions or homework questions we ridicule on linux-questions-only
|
||
or tag-admin, and then I publish them anonymously in Not The Answer
|
||
Gang on the Back Page.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
|
||
<P> </me lowers KGB-issue shades><BR>
|
||
<glares at Mike menacingly>
|
||
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
# Special Carnivore-disabling code. Does a DoS on the government's
|
||
# computers which expend all their cycles trying to break the code...
|
||
|
||
ISTHAY ISWAY OTNAY ETHAY ESSAGEMAY YOUAY'ERAY OOKINGLAY ORFAY
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--======================================================================-->
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H3 ALIGN="center">Streaming</H3>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><strong>Answered By Iron, Ben Okopnik
|
||
</strong></FONT></p>
|
||
|
||
<STRONG>
|
||
Hi Ben!<BR>
|
||
P.S.: You don't happen to stream the courses you give, do you ? Would
|
||
be really interesting...
|
||
<IMG ALT=":)" SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" WIDTH="20" HEIGHT="24">
|
||
-Robos
|
||
</STRONG>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Iron]
|
||
|
||
<P> A stream-of-consciousness rendering of Ben's mind? Now, that's scary.
|
||
|
||
<P> Maybe in a thousand years somebody will be channeling that Ben Okopnik
|
||
wisdom....
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
|
||
<P> You have discovered my secret plan!
|
||
|
||
<P> Damn. *Another* good idea down the drain. Back to the CAD program...
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--======================================================================-->
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H3 ALIGN="center">Ambassador</H3>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><strong>Answered By Ben Okopnik, Iron
|
||
</strong></FONT></p>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
|
||
<P> ... head is still spinning from Heather's explanation of how DNS works (I
|
||
think I've got it, though!) which she was gracious enough to give me while I
|
||
was out there on the Left Coast,
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Iron]
|
||
|
||
<P> We've got quite the little network going. I met Heather and Jim last
|
||
March. Now you've met Heather. When I get back to England next
|
||
year, maybe I'll meet some other TAG ppl.
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
|
||
<P> Hey, what with me travelling all over the country for work (mostly
|
||
California, lately, but I just got a class in Atlanta and one in North
|
||
Carolina), I could be the LG ambassador.
|
||
<IMG ALT=":)" SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" WIDTH="20" HEIGHT="24">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--======================================================================-->
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H3 ALIGN="center">Life on a boat</H3>
|
||
|
||
<p align="right"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><strong>Answered By Ben Okopnik
|
||
</strong></FONT></p>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> [Ben]
|
||
|
||
<P> It didn't help that Ricochet went down,
|
||
and that my boat was hauled out in an area of Maryland where the hoot owls
|
||
trod the chickens and TCP/IP packet routing is done by snails in their
|
||
spare time. I've got a Merlin PCMCIA card now (<gag> 19200bps, when
|
||
Ricochet was up to 128k...), and this gives me at least <EM>some</EM>
|
||
connectivity. Certainly e-mail access, which is what's needed.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name="notbytes"></a>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center><H3><font color="maroon">Not News Bytes</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--======================================================================-->
|
||
<P>
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<FONT COLOR="green">Football
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
|
||
(Or as Irving Welsh would say, "Fitba".)
|
||
|
||
<P> The Register
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/28/22385.html">pokes fun</A>
|
||
at an
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A18516-2001Oct18.html">article</A>
|
||
in the Washington Post,
|
||
which tongue-in-cheekly says Baltimore Ravens' coach Brian Billick
|
||
blames his team loss October 14 on "the Linux operating system".
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<HR> <!-- ************************************************************** -->
|
||
|
||
<P> Happy Linuxing!
|
||
|
||
<P> Mike ("Iron") Orr<br>
|
||
Editor, <A HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/"><i>Linux Gazette</i></A>, <A
|
||
HREF="mailto:gazette@ssc.com">gazette@ssc.com</a>
|
||
<BR CLEAR="all">
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** END Not Linux *** -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
||
Copyright © 2001, the Editors of <I>Linux Gazette</I>.<BR>
|
||
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 72 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, November 2001</H5>
|
||
<!-- *** END copyright *** -->
|
||
|
||
</BODY></HTML>
|