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<center>
<H1><A NAME="tips"><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="" SRC="../gx/twocent.jpg">
More 2&cent; Tips!</A></H1> <BR>
<!-- BEGIN tips -->
Send Linux Tips and Tricks to <A HREF="mailto:gazette@ssc.com">gazette@ssc.com</A></center>
<UL>
<!-- index_text begins -->
<li><A HREF="#tips/1"
><strong>Globally adding X startup commands on Debian</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#tips/1b"
><strong>.Xauthority files for Debian startx</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#tips/1c"
><strong>for remote X client access: USE SSH with X11 forwarding!</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#tips/2"
><strong>2C Tip Root Password</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#tips/5"
><strong>2C Answers: RH7.1 switch to KDE login as default</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#tips/6"
><strong>2 cent tip: a quick email address finder</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#tips/7"
><strong>djbdns? Feh! Get a free-software name server instead</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#tips/9"
><strong>Your article about rbl going commercial?</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#tips/11"
><strong>Printer setup on Slackware 8?????</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#tips/18"
><strong>Seg Fault</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#tips/20"
><strong>SMTP Auth with Debian potato and exim</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#tips/22"
><strong>Source control</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#tips/24"
><strong>Kernels?? on a Sparc</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#tips/27"
><strong>portal for a newbie?</strong></a>
<!-- index_text ends -->
</UL>
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<P> <A NAME="tips/1"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">Globally Adding X Startup Commands on a Debian System</FONT></H3>
Tue, 14 Aug 2001 16:03:41 -0700 (PDT)
<BR>Jim Dennis (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com">The Answer Guy</a>)
<p>
Sometimes you'd like to configure an application so that it
starts for any user who uses 'startx' (or logs in through xdm?).
For example, I have a policy on my systems that all users should
be running xautolock (a program that invoke an xscreensaver or
xlock module after a period of mouse/keyboard inactivity).
</p><p>
On a Debian Woody/Sid (2.2 or later) system this can be done by
copying or linking a file into <tt>/etc/X11/Xsession.d/</tt>. This would
be a script similar to one you'd add to <tt>/etc/init.d/</tt>. For example
I added a file called <tt>60xautolock</tt> consisting of the single line:
</p><p>
<code>
/usr/bin/X11/xautolock -time 2 -corners 00-+ -cornerdelay 2 &amp;
</code>
</p><p>
I suspect it should be marked as executable; I just set the perms on
mine to match the others therein.
</p><p>
(BTW: this xautolock enables a "blank now" hot spot in the lower right
corner of the screen, and a "never blank" hot spot in the lower right;
so a user can blank the screen with a 2 second delay by shoving their
mouse pointer far into the corner; it also sets the automatic blanking
to occur in 2 minutes: the default of 10 min. is way too long!)
</p>
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<P> <A NAME="tips/1b"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">.Xauthority files for Debian startx</FONT></H3>
Tue, 14 Aug 2001 16:03:41 -0700 (PDT)
<BR>Jim Dennis (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com">The Answer Guy</a>)
<P>
Here's another <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</A> tip:
</P>
</p><p>
Debian normally configures xdm to invoke the X server with the
<tt>-auth</tt> argument. This allows one to configure their X session to
allow remote clients, or local clients under other user IDs to
connect to the X server (to run in your X session).
</p><p>
This is useful even if you've accepted the recommendation to configure
Xfree86 4.x with the "<tt>-nolisten tcp</tt>" option (to disable remote clients
from direct X protocol access). It allows you to run X under you're
own user ID while allowing root to open programs on your display
(particularly handy if you want to run ethereal, which will refuse to run
SUID/root but which needs access to X and root permission to sniff on
your network interfaces).
</p><p>
The problem is that Debian doesn't normally invoke X with the
<tt>-auth</tt> option
when you use the startx script. Of course you could use
<tt>xhost +localhost</tt>;
but this allows <em>any</em> local user to access your X session; rather than
allowing you to control it in a more fine-grained fashion.
</p><p>
The solution is to edit the <tt>/etc/X11/xinit/xserverrc</tt> file, inserting
one command and adding an option to another:
</p><pre>
#!/bin/sh
/usr/bin/X11/xauth add :0 . $(dd if=/dev/urandom count=2 2&gt; /dev/null | md5sum)
exec /usr/bin/X11/X -dpi 100 -nolisten tcp -auth $HOME/.Xauthority
## . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
</pre><p>
... last comment line (starting with ##) underscores the addition
to that command. The xauth command is being used to create the
<tt>~/.Xauthority</tt> file.
</p><p>
For root to gain access to this session you'd issue a command like:
</p><p>
<code>
xauth -f ~$YOU/.Xauthority extract - `hostname`/unix:0 | xauth merge -
</code>
</p><p>
... from a root shell (perhaps by opening an xterm and using the
su or sudo commands). (Hint: obviously anyone who can read your
<tt>.Xauthority file</tt> can use it to gain access to your X sessions;
so maintaining these on NFS home directories is BAD; yet another reason
why NFS stands for "no freakin' security").
</p>
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<P> <A NAME="tips/1c"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">for remote X client access: USE SSH with X11 forwarding!</FONT></H3>
Tue, 14 Aug 2001 16:03:41 -0700 (PDT)
<BR>Jim Dennis (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com">The Answer Guy</a>)
</p><p>
That's the easiest and most secure means available for supporting
remote X clients; if you call the OpenSSH client with the <tt>-X</tt>
(enable/request X11 forwarding) and if the remote ssh daemon allows it;
and if you
have your DISPLAY variable set (which is always the case when you start
an xterm under X; since it's how the X libraries linked into xterm
"found" your X server) then the remote daemon will spawn off a proxy
--- an instance of the daemon that will "pretend" to be an X server on
display number 10, 11, or higher. That daemon will automatically relay
Xprotocol events to your client which will relay them through the local
Unix domain socket to your server. This is all automatic with most versions
of ssh (except for the newer OpenSSH client which defaults to disabling X11
forwarding and thus requires the -X switch).
</p><p><em>Please make sure you use capital X, as <tt>-x</tt> in lowercase
tells it to disable this feature, even if the local sysadmin has
chosen to okay a tunneled X connection by default. -- Heather
</em></p><p>
This allows you to run X with ports 6000 (and up) <em>closed</em>; (preventing
remote systems from even seeing that you're running it; much less giving
them the opportunity to attack your X server) and still allows you to
easily support remote X clients.
</p><p>
SSH X11 forwarding also works through NAT/IP masquerading and any
firewall that allows other ssh traffic.
</p>
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<P> <A NAME="tips/2"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">2C Tip Root Password</FONT></H3>
Wed, 22 Aug 2001 23:29:43 -0700
<BR>Yan-Fa Li (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com">yanfali from best.com</a>)
<p><em>This matter has come up many times before, and will surely come up many
times in the future. I hope by putting Yan-Fa's crisp description and
our extra notes in Tips, that more people who need it, will find it
easily. -- Heather</em></p>
<strong>
<P>
There's a simpler way to put a new root password on a linux
system if you've forgotten it and have physical access.
Which I haveto assume this person has since they're messing
with partitions.
</P>
<P>
If you have lilo installed, interrupt the boot up process
at the lilo prompt and type:
<br>kernelImageName <tt>single</tt>
<br><em>(one example would be <tt>linux</tt> as your kernelImageName.)
-- Heather</em>
</P>
<P>
This will boot you up in single user mode and allow you to
chance the password. This has the added advantage of running
all the standard run level 1 processes, including mounting
of partitions.
</P>
<P>
Yan-Fa Li
</P>
</strong>
<p>Things to look out for, however:</p>
<ul>
<li>That actually depends on how your system is configured.
For instance, the default <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</A>
configuration makes you type in the root password before going into
single-user mode. -- Mike
<br>That feature is called sulogin. -- Heather
<li>Another way to do this: at the bootprompt, enter
<br>kernelImageName <tt>init=/bin/sh</tt>
<br>No password required, unless you've been so prudent as to
include
<br><tt>password=something
<br>restricted</tt>
<br>in your lilo.conf before running lilo.
<br>-- Dan Wilder
</ul>
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<P> <A NAME="tips/5"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">2C Answers: RH7.1 switch to KDE login as default</FONT></H3>
Wed, 22 Aug 2001 23:32:34 -0700
<BR>Yan-Fa Li (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=yanfali@best.com">yanfali from best.com</a>)
<P>
If you like to get your hands dirty you can also edit the
<TT>/etc/sysconfig/desktop</TT> file (or create it if it doesn't
exist) and put in the line: DESKTOP=<A HREF="http://www.kde.org/">KDE</A>
</P>
<P>
This has the added advantage of changed the XDM to KDM instead
of GDM.
</P>
<P>
Y
</P>
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<P> <A NAME="tips/6"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">2 cent tip: a quick email address finder</FONT></H3>
Mon, 20 Aug 2001 02:30:03 +1200
<BR>Timothy Musson (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=trmusson@ihug.co.nz">trmusson from ihug.co.nz</a>)
<P>
Hi,
</P>
<P>
From the Department of Scripting Newbieville, here's a tiny function
I've added to my <tt>.bashrc</tt> and ended up using quite often:
</P>
<Pre>
addy ()
{
if [ $# -eq 1 ]
then
grep -i "$1" "$HOME/.mail_aliases" | mawk '{ print($3) }'
else
echo "Usage: addy &lt;searchstring&gt;"
fi
}
</Pre>
<P>
Given a search string (part of a name, nickname or address) as
input, it'll output any matching email addresses it finds in an
email aliases file (<tt>~/.mail_aliases</tt>, in this case). The alias file
contains lines in the format used by mutt - for example:
</P>
<Pre>
alias nickname whoever@wherever (Real Name)
</pre>
<P>
If you use WindowMaker and have xmessage, you can add something
similar to a menu by adding the following, as a single line, to the
menu config file of your choice:
</P>
<Pre>
"Find email address..." SHEXEC "xmessage -nearmouse
`grep -i \'%a(Email address finder,Enter search string:)\'
.mail_aliases | mawk '{ print($3) }'`"
</Pre>
<P>
Thanks to everyone involved with Linux Gazette - you're great!
<br>Tim
</P>
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<P> <A NAME="tips/7"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">djbdns? Feh! Get a free-software name server instead</FONT></H3>
Wed, 1 Aug 2001 09:59:13 -0700
<BR>Rick Moen (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=rick@linuxmafia.com">rick from linuxmafia.com</a>)
<P><STRONG>
Hmm, Answer Gang recommended djbdns without mentioning that it's
proprietary software? Ouch. Bad gang, no biscuit.
</STRONG></P>
<em>
<P>
I said "some" and I didn't mention how many people are currently signed
onto TAG. It's more than two. Maybe next time I'll gather the whole
flaming thread from across its 3 mailing lists.
</P>
<P>
However I've cc'd the Gang at large so a few more people can take
a bushwhack at me
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":D"
height="24" width="20" align="top">
</P>
<P>
I ragged on his philosophy a tiny bit and noted that <strong>I</strong>
won't use it. Even, a technical rather than religious/copyright reason
not to.
</P>
<P>
But I was also slaving over hot perl scripts and HTML mashed taters
trying to get the mailbag and tips sections cooked. If you smell smoke
coming out of my ears that's surely my melted brain
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
<br>-- Heather
</P>
</em>
<STRONG>
<dl><dt>
If you want the canonical list
<dd>open-source alternatives to djbdns
(plus open-source alternatives to other DJBware proprietary offerings),
look towards the end of
<dd><A HREF="http://linuxmafia.com/~rick/faq/#djb"
>http://linuxmafia.com/~rick/faq/#djb</A> .
</dl></STRONG>
<P>
Thanks Rick! Everyone else, I hope you find this particular 2c tip
especially handy. I'd enjoy hearing some folks will tell us how useful
or annoying they find these things.
</P>
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<P> <A NAME="tips/9"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">Your article about rbl going commercial?</FONT></H3>
Wed, 1 Aug 2001 10:43:26 -0700 (PDT)
<BR>Steven W. Orr (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=steveo@syslang.net">steveo from syslang.net</a>)
<P><STRONG>
I see no signs that they want any money from me. Can you point me to a URL
that wants payment?
</STRONG></P>
<P>
Sure.
</P>
<P>
Here's the subscription policy page, clarifying that their stuff is
subscription-only now, and why:
</P>
<P><BLOCKQuote>
<A HREF="http://www.mail-abuse.org/subscription.html"
>http://www.mail-abuse.org/subscription.html</A>
</BLOCKQuote></P>
<P>
Here's the Fee Structure page that it points to:
</P>
<P><BLOCKQuote>
<A HREF="http://www.mail-abuse.org/feestructure.html"
>http://www.mail-abuse.org/feestructure.html</A>
</BLOCKQuote></P>
<P>
(note, you really want tables support to read that)
</P>
<P>
... so it merely depends on who you are.
</P>
<!-- end 10 -->
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<P> <A NAME="tips/11"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">Printer setup on Slackware 8?????</FONT></H3>
Fri, 3 Aug 2001 14:14:28 +0200
<BR>Question From: Danie Robberts (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=DanieR@PQAfrica.co.za">DanieR from PQAfrica.co.za</a>)
<strong>
<P>
Which tool must I now use to set up a printer? it used to be printtool on
older systems (RedHat/Mandrake)
</P>
<P>
Please !
</P>
<P>
Danie Robberts
</P>
</strong>
<p>The Answer Gang replied with a few distro specific notes:
<ul>
<li>On RH it is still printtool (symlinks to printconf-gui)
<br>-- Mike at cyborg-group
<li>Slackware:
apsfilter is what you will probably want to use. You can find it
in <TT>/usr/lib/apsfilter</TT>. There is a setup program that you can run.
It's not as friendly as printtool, but it should get you going.
<br>-- Daniel S. Washko
<li>Slackware:
Look in <TT>/usr/doc/apsfilter-6.1.1</TT>. The setup program should be
<br><tt>/usr/lib/apsfilter/SETUP</tt>
<br>but I have no idea what replaced printtool. I always used apsfilter.
<br>-- Andrew Higgs
</ul>
<!-- end 17 -->
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<P> <A NAME="tips/18"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">Seg Fault</FONT></H3>
Fri, 03 Aug 2001 15:08:03 -0500
<BR>Thomas Witt (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com">twitt from csesoftware.com</a>)
<P>
Not really sure how to get this where it needs to go.
</P>
<P><em>
This is the right place. It will be published in next month's 2-Cent Tips,
unless Heather has too much other material. -- Mike
</em></P>
<P>
I have recently had the same problem with random seg faults that you
addressed in August TAG.
</P>
<P>
I bought a new computer, pieced it together, and put 384M in it. When I
initially installed linux, it was dog slow, and running top, I noticed that
I only had 64M visible (I think, incredibly less that 384 to be sure).
I did a little checking and learned that the motherboard has a
known problem of not seeing all the memory. So I entered the line
"mem=384M". I then started getting random seg faults. I couldn't figure
it out for a long time.
</p><p>Even though I had a graphics card with on-board
memory, my bios still alotted 64M to the AGP device on the
motherboard. I reduced this (couldn't get rid of it, or set to 0), and
allowed for the use in my <tt>lilo.conf</tt> entry, and all is wonderful now.
</P>
<P>
Sorry about the verbosity.
</P>
<P>
-Tom
</P>
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<P> <A NAME="tips/20"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">SMTP Auth with Debian potato and exim</FONT></H3>
Wed, 1 Aug 2001 17:20:38 -0400 (EDT)
<BR>Question from: Chuck Peters (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com?cc=cp@ccil.org">cp from ccil.org</a>)
<br>Tip from: Faber Fedor
<P><STRONG>
Hi,
</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>
I have done some reading and searching but the solution to our problem
still eludes me.
</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>
I volunteer for a non-profit freenet ccil.org and would like to setup smtp
authenication so that CCIL users who buy connectivity from other ISP's
will continue to use our stable and reliable mail sevices. The system our
mail runs on is a <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</A> potato box running the default smtp server exim.
<br>Can you point me to a HOWTO?
</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>
Thanks,
<br>Chuck
</STRONG></P>
<P>
Are you asking how to allow users of your systems to access mail on your system
even though they are not in your domain? If so, you want a program called
pop-before-smtp (here's one URL I found over on google:
<A HREF="http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/PLDtest/i686/pop-before-smtp-1.21-3.noarch.html"
>http://rpmfind.net/linux/RPM/PLDtest/i686/pop-before-smtp-1.21-3.noarch.html</A> ).
</P>
<P>
It's easy to setup and allows your users to access their email from anywhere
in the world.
</P>
<P>
-- Sincerely,
Faber Fedor
</P>
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<P> <A NAME="tips/22"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">Source control</FONT></H3>
Mon, 6 Aug 2001 10:02:17 -0700
<BR>Mike Orr (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com">LG Editor</a>)
<P>
Has anybody tried Subversion? According to the web page
(<A HREF="http://subversion.tigris.org"
>http://subversion.tigris.org</A>), it's at Milestone 2 alpha
development, and aims to have all CVS features plus:
</P>
<P><ul>
<li> versioning of directories, permissions, etc.
<li> symbolic and hard links.
<li> better merge algorithm to minimize conflicts requiring human intervention.
<li> natively client/server.
</ul></P>
<P>
It was recommended by someone on the Cheetah (<A HREF="http://www.cheetahtemplate.org"
>http://www.cheetahtemplate.org</A>)
mailing list.
</P>
<p><em>At print time, it reached its Milestone 3, is now self hosted (they use
their own code and not CVS anymore), and they hope to be feature
complete in early October.
</em></p>
<p><em>Compare also Bitkeeper, (<a href="http://www.bitkeeper.com/">www.bitmover.com</a>), a project by Larry McVoy and others aimed toward successful source
control of big, complicated projects. -- Heather</em></p>
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<P> <A NAME="tips/24"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">Kernels?? on a Sparc</FONT></H3>
Tue, 14 Aug 2001 11:23:53 +0200
<BR>Danie Robberts / PQN (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com">DanieR from PQAfrica.co.za</a>)
<strong>
<P>
Hi,
</P>
<P>
Can you use the same source for compiling a kernel on both an Intel based
machine as well as a Sun?
</P>
<P>
I would like to know before I break my Sun
</P>
<P>
thanx
<br>Danie
</P>
</strong>
<!-- end 24 -->
<P>
It should automatically detect the architecture it's compiling on and
produce the right kernel.
</P>
<P>
However, whenever you install a new kernel, you always want to have a plan
of escape in case the new kernel doesn't boot. That means making sure
your old kernel is still ready to go and you know how to switch back to it.
Popular ways to do this are to put the new kernel on a boot floppy, leaving
the hard-disk setup alone, or arranging for LILO to boot one or the other
from its menu. I'm not sure if Sun computers have LILO (Alphas use a multi-OS
program called MILO instead), but they should have something equivalent.
-- Mike</P>
<em>
<P>
I can answer that. They use SILO, which works a little differently from LILO,
but in a way, it makes it much easier to have multiple kernels.
</P>
<P>
Booting a Sparc takes more code than a PC does, but the disk partitioning
utilities available to linux are not real clear on that concept. So SILO
installs a <strong>tiny</strong> first stage loader whose only job in the
whole world is to find the second stage. The second stage has more room
than LILO does, so it is also smart enough to read its own config file.
Thus SILO doesn't need to be re-invoked all the time when you make
configuration changes.
</P>
<P>
But I wouldn't change what you let the bootprom memorize, until you are dead
certain the new one works.
</P>
<P>
I'll add that the Sparc <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</A> disc
might make an acceptable rescue disc if you get really screwed up, but
it's still better to be careful. -- Heather
</P>
</em>
<!-- end 26 -->
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<P> <A NAME="tips/27"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">portal for a newbie?</FONT></H3>
Tue, 14 Aug 2001 22:44:16 -0500
<BR>Vic Ward (<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com">vward from uswest.net</a>)
<strong>
<P>
What combination of open source software should be used to create a
portal site? How could a beginner build and test such a site?
</P>
</strong>
<p>The Gang replies:</p>
<ul>
<li>Metadot
(<A HREF="http://freshmeat.net/projects/metadotportalserver"
>http://freshmeat.net/projects/metadotportalserver</A>)
<br>is a nice portal software....
I use it at <A HREF="http://www.gmnow.net"
>http://www.gmnow.net</A>
<br>-- Guy
<li>Mike Orr mentions several ...
<br><em> The best ones are based on a widely-used
programming language and allow customization in that language, in case
the default features are not adequate. You could also write your own in
Python, PHP or as a Java servlet.</em>
<ul>
<li>Python-based:
<UL><LI>Zope (<A HREF="http://www.zope.org" >http://www.zope.org</A>).
<br>You can use the default portal user interface or design your own
using Zope's tools.
<LI>There are also Zope Products like Squishdot you can plug in that
offer an alternate user interface, talkback features, etc.
<LI>Webware (<A HREF="http://webware.sourceforge.net"
>http://webware.sourceforge.net</A>)
is not a portal but provides modular tools to build one.
</UL>
<li>PHP-based:
PHP Nuke (<A HREF="http://phpnuke.org"
>http://phpnuke.org</A>). Warning: low on documentation.
</ul>
</Ul>
<strong>
<P>
Thank you for the reply. It is very helpful. Gives me a lot of new places
to look.
</P>
<P>
peace
</p>
</strong>
<!-- end 30 -->
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