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"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
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<H1><font color="maroon">Web Portals Bank on Open-Source Infrastructure</font></H1>
<H4>By <a href="mailto:ned@greatbridge.com">Ned Lilly</a></H4>
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<i>Wireless
Developer Network (WDN) and GeoCommunity say sayonara to the database big
boys.</i>
<p>When a single company formed to operate two web portals
for online communities, they turned to the biggest names in the business to
build their technology infrastructure.
<A HREF="http://www.wirelessdevnet.com">Wireless Developer Network (WDN)</A>
for wireless communications professionals, and its sister site,
<A HREF="http://www.geoComm.com">GeoCommunity</A>
for geographic information specialists, used hosting services to license the
use of Microsoft and Oracle respectively. The two sites were up and running in
no time, offering virtual homes to thousands of professionals who needed
industry news, software downloads, product reviews and live chats. But while
the portals seemed a success on the surface, disaster lurked not far below.</p>
<p>Within months, WDN ran into performance problems with
SQL Server and security issues with MS IIS. Oracle 8i worked like a dream for
the GeoCommunity, but the licensing fees threatened to crush the small
company. As the portal expanded capacity and users, it knew Oracle's
aggressive pricing structures would cut even deeper into its slim profit
margin. That's when the company's technical staff began to push a radical
concept: ditch the big boys in favor of a single open-source technology
platform for both web portals.</p>
<p>The web portals had to be able to serve web pages up
24/7 without any crashes or service interruptions. The developers wanted to go
with Linux because their experiences told them it was a stable and reliable
platform for the web. They also knew firsthand that Apache web servers were a
superior product, faster, more scalable and easier to configure, and optimized
for the Linux platform.</p>
<p>The technical staff had worked in both open-source and
proprietary environments, and had come to believe open source was the more
secure choice for web-based applications. In their view, open-source
technologies grew up on the web, while most proprietary applications were
later adapted to it. Throughout the open-source development process,
developers drill down on security and performance issues for web applications.
With hundreds of developers and users testing and tweaking the programs,
security holes are often caught and corrected at an early stage of the
development process.</p>
<p>WDN's leadership quickly bought into the idea.
However, many managers believe that "nothing good can be free" and
subscribe to the common myth that open-source products lack professional
technical support. But this company's senior management team was quickly
sold on their developers' enthusiasm and positive experiences with open
source.</p>
<p>In fact, managers skittish about defying convention
need only look around for evidence of the proliferation of open-source
applications and tools in business. Linux powers an estimated 36 percent of
Internet-connected servers today, while Apache web servers are on about 61
percent of public web sites, according to the Internet research firm, Netcraft.
Industry analysts at Forrester Research recently identified open source as a
powerful growing trend in business with potential to radically reshape the
software industry by 2004.</p>
<p>Yet the database market, the core of web-based
businesses today, still remains firmly in the grip of proprietary vendors such
as Oracle, Microsoft and IBM. But in recent years, open-source databases such
as PostgreSQL and MySQL have evolved to the point where they're beginning to
compete with the propriety giants in performance and functionality. They're
attracting skilled development and user communities, as well as enterprise
business users across a wide range of industries, and are rising up to
challenge the proprietary status quo in the competitive database market.</p>
<H2>The heart of the portals</H2>
<p>For WDN and GeoCommunity, the most difficult decision
related to its technology infrastructure was its choice of the right database
management system. The portals needed a system that was scalable and
functional enough to handle thousands of visitors each month and power scores
of dynamic applications, including e-commerce.</p>
<p>The portals tested two of the most widely used open
source databases,
<A HREF="http://www.mysql.org/">MySQL</A> and
<A HREF="http://www.postgresql.org/">PostgreSQL</A>. While MySQL was simple to
configure and use, it lacked the transaction support and scalability that the
company needed to run their highly interactive sites. MySQL has attracted a
large user base, but the staff thought it seemed more suitable for
lower-traffic web sites. The staff also ran rigorous tests on PostgreSQL, a
heavy-duty object-relational database. It withstood the barrage of tests
without flinching, supporting advanced features during heavy simulated
transactions very well.</p>
<p>After downloading their selection of open-source
applications, including the Red Hat Linux operating system, Apache web server
and PostgreSQL database, the technical staff configured the system in less
than a half hour. The portals run 12 servers, with PostgreSQL powering dynamic
applications such as book sales, message boards and mailing lists. The new
system was up and running in minutes, with no interruptions, and neither web
portal has since crashed or lost data.</p>
<H2>Confronting the FUD (fear, uncertainty and doubt) factor</H2>
<p>Yet there are good reasons why open-source technologies
were once the exclusive domain of skilled hackers and expert users. In the
past, these applications purposefully lacked the bells and whistles of their
proprietary competition and were difficult for the less advanced user even to
install. Open-source programs have become much more user-friendly over time
because independent developers have begun to pay greater attention to
improving tools, additional features and perhaps most importantly,
documentation.</p>
<p>For WDN and GeoCommunity, the decision to migrate from a
proprietary to an open-source system was less difficult than for most
traditional businesses. The web portals employ technical staff with experience
in both environments. At every level, the company embraced the idea of
adopting a more flexible, and less financially draining, open-source
alternative. They understood the open-source development model and bought into
its underlying philosophy. Just as importantly, they possessed the technical
skills to confront many of the issues that could arise in an open-source
platform. In fact, with access to their new system's code, they could now
even modify their software's features to better fit the company's needs.
<p>Many e-businesses like these web portals, along with
brick and mortar retailers that are moving into e-commerce, have similar
needs, but lack the background and technical expertise to easily integrate
open-source technologies or migrate to a fully open-source platform. These
businesses simply want web sites that their customers and vendors can use
without difficulty. They need database-enabled web applications with 24/7
availability that won't crash or lose data--even with thousands of daily
transactions. They want a site that always works, convenient ways for
customers to buy their products, and secure methods through which to bring in
their money. Because database applications are so critical to their mission,
many businesses adopt well-known proprietary systems, feeling confident these
companies will deliver quality and reliability. Yet the rising costs, the
uncertain economy, and in some cases, the surprisingly unpredictable
performance of commercial applications, all have begun to spark greater
interest in open-source technologies today.
<P>Still, these businesses are understandably skeptical
about open source. They're used to the proprietary business model, and
can't quite fathom why good software applications would be available to
download for free from the Internet. The fact that these applications are not
owned by a corporation causes suspicion and concern; if no single vendor owns
it, people assume the software is not secure, powerful or reliable, and that
it lacks accessible support and services. And the idea of thousands of
independent developers around the world collaborating to create free software
strikes many business managers as chaotic, which makes them even more
reluctant to trust the results.
<P>Slowly, these businesses are becoming educated about the
open-source development model, which evolved not to make money, but to produce
functional software efficiently. They're finding that while the development
process varies for each open-source application today, the best projects most
often attract a global community of highly skilled developers. And it's
becoming clearer that these systematic meritocracies encourage rigorous
testing and rapid development rates, and result in fewer bugs and security
holes and more frequent releases of new and improved features.
<P>A growing number of e-businesses such as WDN and the GeoCommunity are
building their businesses on open-source platforms. These web portals have
found that the software's fast-evolving development cycles, its lower costs,
and its customizability make it ideal in their high-growth, quick-changing
industries. The lower overall cost of open-source software is attractive to
small and mid-sized businesses like these, who often have to spend
thousands--even hundreds of thousands--of dollars on purchasing or licensing
proprietary applications alone.
<P>Another
important advantage is that its code is open and modifiable. The open-source
model rests on the belief that software develops faster and better when its
source code is accessible to all skilled developers. Mature open-source
technologies such as Apache, Linux, and PostgreSQL have thrived under the
principles of open collaboration. Similarly, businesses that employ open
source technologies can benefit both from open source's accelerated
development model and free access to its internal code, which enables them to
modify the code as needed. Open-source technology is highly conducive to
innovation, and ensures that most of the applications it produces improve
continuously and quickly. Companies that use it usually find that their
software programs evolve as quickly as their businesses do.
<H2>Why isn't everyone using open source?</H2>
<P>The perceived lack of professional support services
for open-source software remains the stumbling block to its widespread use in
business and industry. Business managers want to be able to call a service
center when problems arise. In the past, those experiencing problems with
open-source applications could send out an e-mail and usually within hours
receive the right solution from the developers themselves. These informal
networks of technical support can provide the highest possible levels of
support, but they are not always immediately available, nor can they scale to
meet the growing demands.
<p>The issue of technical support was important to WDN and
GeoCommunity because they knew they would occasionally need a technical safety
net. They purposely chose applications with strong development communities in
order to get the help they need directly from their web sites. Their technical
staff concedes that companies without their own in-house technical staff need
more comprehensive support. It's the one issue that continues to scare
managers away from open source.</p>
<p>Fortunately, entrepreneurs always rush to fill a vacuum.
Red Hat was one of the first companies to provide support for the Linux
operating system, and now a slew of other companies are springing up to
provide support, training and consulting services for some of the best open
source database applications. The open-source support gap is shrinking fast,
which is good news for emerging companies in need of an affordable platform
for their growing business.</p>
<P>In
the meantime, the WDN and GeoCommunity remain satisfied with their open-source
decision, and the reliability, error reporting, community support, clean
designs and strict adherence to industry standards that came with it. It's
also refreshing that with open source, there can be no effort to force
"lock-in" or add proprietary hooks that will prevent transition to other
products in the future. As one senior staff member said, "It's truly been
a liberating experience to use good products that were designed simply to meet
a need--not to further a corporate agenda."
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Copyright &copy; 2001, Ned Lilly.<BR>
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
Published in Issue 65 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, April 2001</H5>
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