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<H1><font color="maroon">Setting Up an International Keyboard with Xmodmap</font></H1>
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<H4>By <a href="mailto:xvudpapc@savba.sk">Juraj Sipos</a></H4>
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<h2>
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<b>1. Introduction</b></h2>
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This is a revision of my experimental howto published in Linux Gazette,
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which you may find <a href="../issue53/sipos.html">here</a>. I revised
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it because there is not the KIKBD utility in KDE 2.0 anymore and XFree86
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4.x handles standard ISO8859-2 keycode definitions better than older versions.
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This information is fully concerned with the Xmodmap solution only, not
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the XKB one.
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<blockquote><i>[Note: This article covers XFree86 version <b>4.x</b>, which
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may not be in your distribution yet. -Ed.]</i></blockquote>
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<h2>
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1.2 Quick start</h2>
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Make your own .Xmodmap file according to information in this file.
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<p>Write the following to your .bash_profile in home directory:
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<pre>export LANG=language
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export LC_ALL=language</pre>
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where "language" is the language you want to use. The languages can be
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found in the file locale.alias in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale. Run the "exit"
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command on the console and log in again for bash to read the statement
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from ~/.bash_profile.
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<p>Install fonts (best are ISO8859-2 Type1 fonts for Czech or Slovak),
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put them in path to your XF86Config. Start X Server.
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<p>Please note that under certain circumstances the KDE 2.0 text editor
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doesn't display ISO8859-2 fonts even if you have them in path. The "Latin2"
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statement in this editor's menu seems not to work. Install another simple
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text editor where you can <b>CHOOSE fonts</b> (the old kedit from older
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KDE will do). Open a dialog window from menu, select font and choose ISO8859-2
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encoding.
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<p>Run the command "xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap" from an X terminal window to force
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the system to read the Xmodmap file.
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<p>Switch the keyboard and enjoy.
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<p>The other, XKB solution, which is not covered in this file but mentioned
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since it pertains to internationalization too, is another way of configuring
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international keyboard, and both the <b>XKB</b> and <b>XMODMAP</b> solutions
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are independent of one another. You may alternatively edit the /etc/X11/XF86Config
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file as explained in the Danish-HOWTO, or issue this command in an X terminal
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window for the Slovak keyboard:
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<pre>setxkbmap -model pc102 -symbols 'czsk(us_sk_qwertz)' setxkbmap cs -option grp:shift_toggle</pre>
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The "grp:shift_toggle" gives you an option to switch between keyboards
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You may also try to write
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<pre>Option "XkbOptions" "grp:ctrl_shift_toggle"</pre>
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to your XF86Config file, which will change keyboards by pressing Ctrl and
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Shift at the same time.
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<p>To see a variety of languages, look in the file symbols.dir in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb
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directory. Note that some symbols are only in sources and not in binaries.
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<p>As you see, this looks quite complicated too and it gets even more difficult
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when you realize that many national keymaps are not included in the standard
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XFree86 binary distribution, although they are included in its sources.
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The kikbd utility for handling international keyboard layouts was removed
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from KDE 2.0 and documentation is quite insufficient. A simple way would
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be to start KDE, change the international keyboard settings and immediately
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write in the language you chose (this will work for German and other languages,
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but in Eastern European keyboards some letters will not function).
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<p>Moreover, the KDE 2.0 command "kcmshell Personalization/kcmlayout" will
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not show you a Croatian or Macedonian keyboard. And although it shows a
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Czechoslovakian keyboard, Czechoslovakia does not exist as a country anymore
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and users may be confused with how to define the Czech or Slovak language
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separately.
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<p>Some X Windows managers override .Xmodmap setting. If .Xmodmap doesn't
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work, a good way is to force the system to read it from your root (home)
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directory. You will do this by issuing the following command from an X
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terminal window:
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<p>xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap
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<p>After I installed the Slovak keyboard in KDE with Xmodmap file that
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used the standard definitions for ISO8859-2 letters (lcaron, scaron, etc.),
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I couldn't write in Slovak or Czech, but this is already explained in my
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howto published in Linux Gazette. That experimental solution is not necessary
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for the newer versions of XFree86.
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<br>
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<br>
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<h2>
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<b>2. Setting up international keyboard in X Windows with Xmodmap</b></h2>
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It basically works like this:
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<p><b>1. Standard solution uses the standard names for letters (scaron
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for s with a caron above it, uacute for ú - a slash above it).</b>
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<p><b>2. Experimental solution, where some keycode names from ISO8859-1
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character set table will give you scaron, for example.</b>
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<p>Put the following in you Bash_profile:
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<pre>export LC_ALL=language
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export LANG=language</pre>
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OR
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<pre>export LC_CTYPE=SK_SK
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export LC_ALL=SK_SK
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OR for csh shell
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setenv LC_ALL=language
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setenv LANG=language</pre>
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and have the standard Xmodmap file in your home directory. If you ask me
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where you may obtain such "standard" Xmodmap files, go to GNOME ../share
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directory. The file /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/locale.alias contains the
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aliases for languages, so look there in order to find out what is ca_ES
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or br_FR, or to find out the exact syntax for your language (you cannot
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write "croatia" but you must write "croatian", not "Croatian"; this is
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very important, as Unix is case sensitive).
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<p>Now you must install the pertinent language fonts and put its path statement
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in XF86Config file. If you want to internationalize your keyboard, use
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the standard Xmodmap definitions first and use right alt to switch between
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keyboards (if you use GNOME Xmodmap files). If it does not work, do the
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following:
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<p>If you use KDE or GNOME and .Xmodmap does not work, force the system
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to read it as mentioned above by issuing the command "xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap".
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Alternatively, you can have 60 .Xmodmap files like .Xmo1, .Xmo2, .Xmo3,
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.Xmo4, etc., and you may force the system to read them (xmodmap /.Xmo1).
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The dot means it is a hidden file and it is not necessary. You may also
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have xmo1, xmo2, or xmo3 Xmodmap files.
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<p>You may write in a national keyboard only with applications that <b>have
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access</b> to your ISO8859-2 fonts (or other fonts), but this may not work
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with StarOffice or with other applications that have their own built-in
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fonts. StarOffice has its own fonts directory - for afm fonts in StarOffice/share/xp3/fontmetrics/afm,
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and for ps fonts in StarOffice/share/xp3/pssoftfonts, so you must add the
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ISO8859-2 fonts to these directories (to tell StarOffice to use these fonts
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too) and edit fonts.dir file and add the symlinked fonts there. <a href="misc/sipos/so52.sh.txt">Here
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is a script that will do it for you.</a> Name it "so52", make it executable
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(chmod +x so52), copy it to the StarOffice/share/xp3 directory and execute
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it there.
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<p>StarOffice 5.2 fully recognizes Word97 documents even written in other
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languages, but for the older versions or other editors, you may use a converter
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from iso8859-2 to win1250 encoding.
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<p>StarOffice 5.2 can be thus used by professional translators who may
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translate in any languages and give outputs in MS Word97 or rtf format.
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<h2>
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Character sets</h2>
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The purpose of the following info is to help you build any .Xmodmap keyboard
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layout with iso8859-2 or other fonts. The ISO-8859-2 Character Table is
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included here for you to know which names are used. Much of this information
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is useful to build a keyboard with ISO-8859-1 characters only, or a combination
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of Eastern European characters and Western characters. If you're going
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to use other languages than the Central European or Western European ones,
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find a pertinent table for your ISO*** character set on Internet. There
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is gdkkeysyms.h file in (RedHat) /usr/include/gdk/gdkkeysyms.h which contains
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all the special names we're using here (it also contains names of Greek
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characters).
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<h2>
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<b>Xmodmap with standard ISO8859-2 definitions</b></h2>
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The example of a standard .Xmodmap file from keycode 0x31 to 0x33. This
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file will make X Server correctly display lcaron, scaron, etc., if you
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use a newer version of XFree86 and have a LC_LANG=language and LC_ALL=language
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statements in your bash_profile. Just copy the following text from keycode
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0x31 to 0x33 to my Xmodmap file published some time ago in Linux Gazette
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(delete the experimental definitions from keycode 0x31 to 0x33). <a href="misc/sipos/iso8859-2.xmodmap.txt">[Text
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version of this listing.]</a>
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<pre>keycode 0x31 = grave asciitilde semicolon dead_diaeresis
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keycode 0x0A = 1 exclam plus 1
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keycode 0x0B = 2 at lcaron 2
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keycode 0x0C = 3 numbersign scaron 3
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keycode 0x0D = 4 dollar ccaron 4
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keycode 0x0E = 5 percent tcaron 5
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keycode 0x0F = 6 asciicircum scaron 6
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keycode 0x10 = 7 ampersand yacute 7
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keycode 0x11 = 8 asterisk aacute 8
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keycode 0x12 = 9 parenleft iacute 9
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keycode 0x13 = 0 parenright eacute 0
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keycode 0x14 = minus underscore equal percent
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keycode 0x15 = equal plus dead_acute dead_caron
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keycode 0x33 = backslash bar ograve parenright</pre>
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<h2>
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This is the table you can use for building your Central European keyboard
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with standard Xmodmap solution.</h2>
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<p><br>A caron is a reverse ^ above letter.
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<p>Acute is a small dash like / above the letter (ú, which is uacute).
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<p>Diaeresis is two dots .. above the letter.
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<p>Dot is a dot above the letter (zdot).
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<p>The following table will explain it even better:
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<p><img SRC="misc/sipos/iso8859-2.jpg" height=130 width=419>
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<br>
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<br>
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<p><b>If you want to build an ISO8859-1 Xmodmap file for a German or Danish
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keyboard</b>, <b>you must have another map to know how these symbols are
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named unless you are familirar with them.</b>
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<p><b>The following Xmodmap entities on the right must be included in your
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Xmodmap file to have the East European keyboard layout.</b>
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<br>
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<br>
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<br>
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<table BORDER >
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT COLSPAN="2" BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC"><b>Central European characters</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383" BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC"><b>Character Name</b></td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99" BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC"><b>Xmodmap and SGML entities</b></td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">NON-BREAKING SPACE</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">nbsp</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">CURRENCY SIGN</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">curren</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">BROKEN BAR</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">brvbar</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">SECTION SIGN</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">sect</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">DIAERESIS</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">uml</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">COPYRIGHT SIGN</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">copy</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">laquo</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">NOT SIGN</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">not</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">SOFT HYPHEN</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">shy</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">REGISTERED SIGN</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">reg</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">DEGREE SIGN</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">deg</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">PLUS-MINUS SIGN</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">plusmn</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">ACUTE ACCENT</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">acute</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">MICRO SIGN</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">micro</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">PILCROW SIGN</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">para</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">MIDDLE DOT</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">middot</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">CEDILLA</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">cedil</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">raquo</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Aacute</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Acirc</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Auml</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Ccedil</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Eacute</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Euml</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Iacute</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Icirc</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Oacute</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Ocirc</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Ouml</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">MULTIPLICATION SIGN</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">times</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE</td>
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<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Uacute</td>
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</tr>
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<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Uuml</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Yacute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">szlig</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">aacute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">acirc</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">auml</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">ccedil</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">eacute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">euml</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">iacute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">icirc</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">oacute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">ocirc</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">ouml</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">DIVISION SIGN</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">divide</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">uacute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">uuml</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">yacute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Abreve</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">abreve</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH OGONEK</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Aogon</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH OGONEK</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">aogon</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Cacute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">cacute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Ccaron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">ccaron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Dcaron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">dcaron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH STROKE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Dstrok</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH STROKE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">dstrok</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH OGONEK</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Eogon</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">eogon</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Ecaron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">ecaron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Lacute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">lacute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Lcaron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">lcaron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH STROKE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Lstrok</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH STROKE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">lstrok</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Nacute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">nacute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Ncaron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">ncaron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Odblac</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">odblac</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Racute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">racute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Rcaron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">rcaron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Sacute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">sacute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Scedil</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">scedil</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Scaron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">scaron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Tcedil</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">tcedil</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Tcaron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">tcaron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Uring</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">uring</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Udblac</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">udblac</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Zacute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">zacute</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DOT ABOVE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Zdot</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DOT ABOVE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">zdot</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">Zcaron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">zcaron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">CARON</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">caron</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">BREVE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">breve</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">DOT ABOVE</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">dot</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">OGONEK</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">ogon</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr VALIGN=BOTTOM>
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="383">DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT</td>
|
|
|
|
<td ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="99">dblac</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
<h2>
|
|
3. How this Xmodmap solution works on various systems</h2>
|
|
In GNOME this is not important, but to correclty use ISO8859-2 fonts with
|
|
KDE 2.x native applications you should change the i18n file (/etc/sysconfig/i18n)
|
|
as follows:
|
|
<p><b>RedHat:</b>
|
|
<br>LANG="sk_SK"
|
|
<p>where "sk_SK" is your langauge.
|
|
<p><b>Mandrake:</b>
|
|
<br> SYSFONT=lat0-sun16
|
|
<br> LC_MONETARY=en_US
|
|
<br> LC_CTYPE=cs_CZ
|
|
<br> LC_NUMERIC=en_US
|
|
<br> LC_MESSAGES=en_US
|
|
<br> LANGUAGE=cs_CZ:cs
|
|
<br> LC_TIME=en_US
|
|
<br> RPM_INSTALL_LANG=en
|
|
<br> LC_COLLATE=en_US
|
|
<br> SYSFONTACM=iso15
|
|
<br> LANG=sk
|
|
<p><b>Or in FreeBSD 4.2</b> you edit /etc/profile in the following way:
|
|
<br> LANG=cs_CZ.ISO_8859-2; export LANG
|
|
# to write in Czech
|
|
<br> LC_MESSAGES=en_US.ISO_8859-1; export LC_MESSAGES
|
|
# to have English messages
|
|
<p>In the case of Mandrake or FreeBSD we will be using the map "cs" from
|
|
the
|
|
<br>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/ directory. You can always use the xmodmap
|
|
<br>solution with this, but an alternative way is to edit your map file
|
|
<br>accordingly where you replace definitions with your own. KDE 2.x also
|
|
<br>requires to choose from menu Personalization > Country and Language
|
|
>
|
|
<br>iso8859-2 charset (or other charset). Only then it correctly displays
|
|
<br>ISO8859-2 fonts in its native applications. Here GNOME appears more
|
|
user-friendly.
|
|
<p><i>The following pertains to situation where the i18n file was not changed.</i>
|
|
<h2>
|
|
3.1 SuSe 7.0 with XFree86 3.3.6 and KDE 2.0</h2>
|
|
You may use the Xmodmap file with standard ISO8859-2 keycode definitions
|
|
(not "threequarters" but "scaron", etc.). Unfortunately, although you may
|
|
immediately start writing with ISO8859-2 keycodes, the dead keys are not
|
|
working properly and export LANG=language does not work here in order to
|
|
make these dead keys work.
|
|
<p>After copying the Compose file from /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-2/
|
|
to the /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-1/, you may start elegantly working
|
|
with dead keys. This was also tested on StarOffice 5.2. The FontPath must
|
|
be in /etc/XF86Config, not in /etc/X11/Xf86Config. If you put the FontPath
|
|
for ISO8859-2 fonts to the /etc/X11/Xf86Config file, StarOffice may not
|
|
see these fonts properly. While working with StarOffice, you must NOT use
|
|
the fonts from the StarOffice itself, but the ones from ../ISO8859-2 directory
|
|
(they will automatically appear in the font menu after executing the above
|
|
script).
|
|
<p>The following is the FontPath section for ISO8859-2 fonts from my SuSE
|
|
7.0 /etc/XF86Config file:
|
|
<p>FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/ISO8859-2/Type1"
|
|
<p>FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/ISO8859-2/Type1/afm"
|
|
<p>FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/ISO8859-2/Type1/pfm"
|
|
<h2>
|
|
3.2 SuSE 7.0 with XFree86 version 3.3.6 and KDE 1.x</h2>
|
|
Same as with KDE 2.0.
|
|
<h2>
|
|
3.3 Mandrake Linux 7.2 with XFree86 version 4.x</h2>
|
|
Here only the LANG=language and LC_ALL=langauge statements in your bash_profile
|
|
are sufficient (but not for KDE 2.x native applications). Apply the standard
|
|
.Xmodmap keycodes (scaron, lcaron, not "threequarters" or "mu", etc.) and
|
|
issue the command: "xmodmap /.Xmodmap" and you may work by switching
|
|
the keyboards by the Scroll Lock (if you use my Xmodmap file; if you use
|
|
other Xmodmap file, try right Alt or whatever that is defined in that Xmodmap
|
|
file).
|
|
<p>The FontPath statement in /etc/X11/XF86Config and /etc/X11/XF86Config
|
|
does not have to be changed:
|
|
<p>FontPath "unix/:1"
|
|
<p>The XFree86 reads your new ISO8859-2 fonts automatically in /usr/share/fonts
|
|
directory (same as in RedHat). Surprisingly, you do not have to copy the
|
|
../ISO8859-2/Compose file to ../ISO8859-1 directory and dead keys work
|
|
nice. To use ISO8859-2 fonts with KDE 2.0 native applications, see the
|
|
above i18n file for Mandrake 7.2.
|
|
<h2>
|
|
3.4 RedHat 6.0, 6.1 and 6.2 (XFree86 older version)</h2>
|
|
Here the "experimental" .Xmodmap solution works ("mu" instead of "lcaron",
|
|
etc.) and you must copy the Compose file from ../IS08859-2 to ISO8859-1
|
|
directory in order for dead keys to work. There is only one XF86Config
|
|
file in /etc/X11 and its FontPath is the same as in SuSE 7.0 above.
|
|
<h2>
|
|
3.5 FreeBSD 3.1 and 3.2</h2>
|
|
Same as in RedHat 6.0, 6.1, 6.2
|
|
<h2>
|
|
3.6 FreeBSD 4.x</h2>
|
|
Same as FreeBSD 3.1 and 3.2. But FreeBSD 4.x handles better the LANG=language
|
|
statemets with XKB. Here this depends also on XFree86. Because the FreeBSD
|
|
guys are too conservative about the newer software, they ship FreeBSD with
|
|
older versions of XFree86. In FreeBSD 4.1 the experimental .Xmodmap solution
|
|
works and you have to copy the ../ISO8859-2/Compose file to ../ISO8859-1
|
|
directory to make the dead keys work. If you download the newer XFree86
|
|
version, apply the "standard" Xmodmap soilution. For FreeBSD 4.2, see the
|
|
above /etc/profile file and modify it appropriately for you needs.
|
|
<h2>
|
|
4. Some national Xmodmap files</h2>
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="misc/sipos/french.xmodmap.txt">French</a></li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="misc/sipos/croatian.xmodmap.txt">Croatian</a></li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="misc/sipos/czech.xmodmap.txt">Czech</a></li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
|
|
<P> <hr> <!-- P -->
|
|
<H5 ALIGN=center>
|
|
|
|
Copyright © 2001, Juraj Sipos.<BR>
|
|
Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
|
|
Published in Issue 64 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, March 2001</H5>
|
|
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