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"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
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<H1><font color="maroon">Joe Kaplenk and the OSes</font></H1>
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<H4>By <a href="mailto:frc@linux.com.br">Fernando Ribeiro Corrêa</a></H4>
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<FONT SIZE="-1"><EM>Joe kaplenk is dedicated to the teachings about the UNIX
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alike operating systems. He is the author of many operating systems
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administration books including </EM>UNIX System Administrator's Interactive
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Workbook<EM> and </EM>Linux Network Administrator's Interactive
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Workbook<EM>.</EM></FONT>
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<p><FONT FACE="arial,helvetica">
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<b>OLinux: Tell us about your career, personal life (age, birthplace, hobbies,
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education...)</b></FONT><p>
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<b>Joe Kaplenk:</b> I was born in Middletown, NY. I'm 53. My current hobbies include reading
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and watching history. I'm particularly fascinated with population
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migrations and the development of various nations. World War II and the
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rise of the various political movements fascinate me. The other hobbies
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include computers, of course, teaching and reading on technical business
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trends.<p>
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My college background includes going to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
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in Troy, NY where I majored in Math with a minor in Physics. From there
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I went to the University of Utah and graduated in Physics. My
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undergraduate interests included quantum mechanics. It was something I
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would only study for about an hour week and did very well in. I could
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recite much of the history of quantum mechanics while I was in High
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School.<p>
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My favorite instructor was Robert Resnick at RPI. He wrote the premier
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text series for undergraduate Physics. I was very fortunate to get in
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his class since there was a long waiting list. He made Physics very real
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and more exciting for me. Issac Asimov was my favorite author. Both of
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them influenced me to go into writing.<p>
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For graduate work I studied courses without a major in Chemistry,
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Biology, Biochemistry and Journalism and worked part-time as a science
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reporter for the Daily Utah Chronicle, the campus paper. I hoped to go
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into graduate school in Biochemistry and Biophysics and had been
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accepted at several colleges after this. One of my fascinations included
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studying the effects of radiation on genetics. I believed that it would
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be possible to find a way to selectively modify genes with radiation,
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given the right parameters, and was hoping to pursue this line of
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research. Several of my advisors advised me against it and that it would
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never work, but I felt strongly this was worth pursuing.<p>
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However, after much thought I left graduate school at the University of
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South Carolina my first week. At this point I decided that it would be
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too much effort and the money wasn't there to support me. In the early
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seventies I spent several years in the southern United States helping in
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rural black communities. My religious beliefs as a Baha'i strongly
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influenced me in this.<p>
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My wife Ramona has been a really good support network for me. She's the
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love of my life. I have a daughter, Anisa, from a previous. She has been
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an outstanding student and has received a number of commendations.<p>
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<FONT FACE="arial,helvetica">
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<b>OLinux: For what company do you work and what is your job nowdays?</b></FONT><p>
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<b>Joe Kaplenk:</b> I am currently working for Collective Technologies as a consultant. Some
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of my assignments have been working with Red Hat Linux, but most of them
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have been with Solaris. Previous to this, and until last March, I worked
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with IBM Global Services and did some Linux work there as well as
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supporting Solaris and AIX. In this position I was on the international
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team that did the IBM Redbooks on Linux. I looked within IBM for
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opportunities to do more Linux, but did not find anything that was
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satisfactory at that time.<p>
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Some of my spare time is on teaching system admin, researching ways to
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teach, and developing new methods of teaching. Other time is spent
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playing with various software, doing installations and testing. The rest
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of the time is spent on family things.<p>
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<FONT FACE="arial,helvetica">
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<b>OLinux: When did you started working with Linux? What was your initial
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motivation and how do you see it nowadays?</b></FONT><p>
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<b>Joe Kaplenk:</b> My first exposure to Linux was around 1992. I was working as the main
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UNIX system administrator at Loyola University Chicago. There were
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several students that worked for me. We were all keeping up closely with
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the USENET, the internet news groups. They found something about Linux
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online. We had been playing with Minix, which was actually used in one
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of the Math classes. This was prior to release 1.0. The students were
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very excited when Linux 1.0 was released. This meant to then that it
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could now be more stable. It wasn't long after that that Yggdrasil Linux
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was released. We downloaded the code, did some installs and played with
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it.<p>
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I thought this was great since this gave the students an opportunity to
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play with a UNIX like operating system as root without causing havoc on
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production servers. We were running AT&T 3B2s at that time. These were
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the standard boxes for UNIX development then, so much of what they did
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on Linux could be done on UNIX also.<p>
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I see Linux as being a major player in the operating system arena in a
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very short time. Linux will not kill all the other versions of UNIX. But
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I do see a reduction in the versions. With the GNOME foundation being
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developed and settling on a common desktop for several versions of UNIX
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it will make Linux even more widely used. However, there are some things
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that proprietary operating systems can do better. They can be more
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focused on new apps, throw money at it, and bring together talent
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quickly to solve a problem. The Linux community is largely dependent on
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finding developers to do the projects that often do it for free or for
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the love of the project. But quick development and focus are not
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necessary attributes of this model. So both models will continue to be
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used.<p>
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<p>
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<FONT FACE="arial,helvetica">
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<b>OLinux: What role do you play in the Open Source world these days?</b></FONT><p>
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<b>Joe Kaplenk:</b>One of my major efforts at the moment is in bringing Linux in the
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training and academic system administration training area. Recently I
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attended and did a presentation at Tech Ed Chicago 2000. The
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presentation covered what I consider are the major areas of difficulty
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in teaching system admin. I hope to have it on my website shortly at
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<A HREF="http://users.aol.com/jkaplenk">http://users.aol.com/jkaplenk</A>.
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I did it in Star Office and want to make it available in other formats also.<p>
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This conference attracted educators and trainers from universities,
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colleges, companies and institutions in Illinois. At the conference it
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was strongly emphasized that there is an increasing shortage of system
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administrators. The need to develop training programs needs to be given
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a high priority.<p>
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The role I see myself playing is in helping to develop programs for
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training system admins. Because Linux allows itself to run in more
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places than any other operating system it is a natural solution to the
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problem. Students can learn and develop skills that they might not
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otherwise have. The materials I developed over the years developed into
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my first two books, the UNIX System Administrator's Interactive Workbook
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and the Linux Network Administrator's Interactive Workbook. They also
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formed the start of the whole Prentice-Hall series on Interactive
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Workbooks.<p>
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<FONT FACE="arial,helvetica">
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<b>OLinux: As an educator, what do you think about this Linux certification
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services proliferation? Beside your books, how can extent your
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Linux/UNIX knowledge to the users?</b></FONT><p>
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<b>Joe Kaplenk:</b> Some employers are demanding Linux certification. My last assignment was
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one that required me to have my Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE), which
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I have. Personally, I think certification is overemphasized and the
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important thing is what the admin has done and can do. The RHCE comes
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the closest to being a true test because it has three parts. The first
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is multiple choice, the second is debugging and the third is
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installation. The other certifications that I am aware of do not have
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this. They are only multiple choice type questions. As an instructor
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that uses multiple choice questions, I am very familiar with the
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failings and I try to balance this with hands-on work.<p>
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I took the Sair Linux certification test right after passing the RHCE
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test. I passed 3 of the 4 sections, but took the networking twice. I
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failed the first time, so I answered any suspect questions differently
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the second time. It made no difference in the final result. I teach
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networking, have been doing it for 16 years and have written books on
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it. The pre-test material says that you only need to have several years
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experience. This indicates to me that there is some failing that will
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need to be looked at. While someone can and I'm sure has passed it, they
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may have passed it not because of knowledge but because of choosing the
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answers that were being looked for. But I know that sometimes the only
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way to find out whether is test is good is to give it, so I'm sure with
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time the bugs will be ironed out. The best test is real-life
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experience.<p>
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As I solve problems or during installs I have started writing up docs
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that explain the process. My focus is usually on the process itself. The
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outcome is important, but I figure that if I can speed up, clarify, or
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make easier the steps I have been a success. In one job I decreased the
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process time from two months to two weeks by analyzing and automating as
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much as possible. Eventually I'll have my own set of docs that people
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can refer to for these processes.<p>
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<FONT FACE="arial,helvetica">
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<b>OLinux: How good are the Linux support services? Can you indicate some
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failure in these services?</b></FONT><p>
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<b>Joe Kaplenk:</b> I don't have a lot of experience with Linux support services other than
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doing them. Currently there are a lot of opportunities to do Linux
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support and this will grow rapidly because of the growth of Linux.
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Someday the CIOs are going to wakeup and see that they have production
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Linux boxes and their support guy just left. They will need to find
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someone to help them out.<p>
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The only failures might be in the lack of planning and training for what
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is becoming a tidal wave of demand for Linux. I have been a user of
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Solaris and AIX services and my observation is that Linux will be at
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those levels soon if it isn't already.<p>
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<p>
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<FONT FACE="arial,helvetica">
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<b>OLinux: What are the better and the worse Linux platform features in
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comparison with Windows platform?</b></FONT><p>
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<b>Joe Kaplenk:</b> My jobs have required me to work with DOS, Windows 3.1/NT/95,98, AIX,
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Solaris, HP-UX, AT&T UNIX and BSD. As a result I have come in contact
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with many of the features, good and bad, of these operating systems.<p>
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Linux is very scaleable. Ignoring hardware memory requirements, Linux
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can be put on wristwatches or IBM mainframes and run the same program.<p>
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The Linux source code is accessible so that a developer can figure out
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how to talk to the operating system. All the system calls are
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documented. This is not found in Windows where many system calls are
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hidden and only Microsoft knows about them. This gives MS a competitive
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edge. A Linux developer can know exactly what to expect whereas
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oftentimes Windows developers are shooting blind and hope they hit the
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target with enough ammo.<p>
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Windows does have some good points. It is widely used. There are many
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applications that only run on Windows, so that the user is forced to use
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Windows. However the open source community is coming along very quickly
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and providing equivalent functionality to Linux programs. Microsoft
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spends a lot of time and money testing applications on users to
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determine the best way to make something available to the user. I find
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some Linux apps confusing. They have simplified the process greatly. As
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long as you do things the Microsoft way and buy Microsoft products you
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won't have a problem.<p>
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But the problem is that there are many software manufacturers that write
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for Windows and really don't seem to have a clue. I've installed McAffe
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Office 2000, Norton Utilities and various Norton antivirus products over
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the years and inevitably remove them. After the installs my boxes will
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slow to a crawl, crash more often, lose icons and various other
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insanities. I figure that for about 5 years I could count on spending 12
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weeks a year trying to fix my MS boxes and ultimately I would have to
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reinstall the whole mess. My final solution is to never install anything
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that gets to close to the operating system like these utilities. Then
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the boxes run a lot better. But I lose out the functionality of the
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software. Basically, if I leave it alone once it is running then it
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works great. But this loses a lot of the fun.<p>
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With Linux, and UNIX in general, the operating system and the apps are
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practically always separate. So when you upgrade to another version of
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the various system monitoring tools the system runs without a problem.
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If there is a problem the developer, whose email address is available,
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can fix it very quickly.<p>
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Microsoft is in a difficult position. They are trying to control the
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process while giving a certain amount of flexibility to other companies.
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They realize that other developers create ideas more quickly than MS. So
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if they let others develop the ideas then Microsoft can buy these
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companies out, steal the ideas or put them out of business. This model
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won't last long. While MS has been pushing the UCITA laws that passed in
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Virginia and which prevent reverse engineering they will have closed one
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of the doors they use. I'm reminded of TI that had the best 16 bit
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microprocessor in the late 80s. I think it was the 9600. But HP decided
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they could control the process and tried to design 96% of the software.
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Eventually people went elsewhere and the processor did not achieve its
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goals.<p>
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<FONT FACE="arial,helvetica">
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<b>OLinux: What does mean the big companies, like IBM, involvement with Linux?
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Is it really good for the Linux community?</b></FONT><p>
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<b>Joe Kaplenk:</b> The Linux community is tending to go in two directions. There is the
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Free Software Foundation or the GNU/Linux group that is devoted to the
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purity of the GNU GPL license. These people are very fanatical about
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keeping Linux in the direction that it started in. This is represented
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commercially by the Debian GNU/Linux distribution.<p>
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However, the other direction is that many companies such as IBM are
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getting involved. They are finding that they can make a lot of money on
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Linux services. Let's remember that Bill Gates got his start because IBM
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didn't want to develop an operating system for the PC. They figured the
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money was in the hardware. This same mentality is still there. The
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operating system can sell the hardware. If IBM can sell more boxes by
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using Linux then they will. IBM is adding their apps to run on Linux.
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They are pushing Linux because they know the market is going to Linux
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and they can sell their apps and services on Linux and make money that
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way. In IBM's world Linux is one more product to support and make
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money.<p>
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I don't see IBM creating their own distribution unless it is for some
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specialized application such as Point of Sale Equipment (POS) used in
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stores or for ATM machines. These have special requirements and even in
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this case they would probably contract with someone else.<p>
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There are several manufacturers putting their own front ends on Linux or
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developing their own version of Linux. But if the libraries and kernel
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can continue to be compatible then I think Linux will be okay. There may
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be forks, but the good ideas will be brought back in.<p>
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I do see the GNU/Linux folks getting frustrated at some of the
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directions and I would expect that this will give more impetus to the
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HURD kernel development. This is the GNU operating system that Richard M
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Stallman was working on before Linux got fired up. If the Linux
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community doesn't have a place for them then they may move on to their
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own kernel and distribution separate from the other Linux distributions.
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Fortunately FSF has felt very strong about their apps being able to run
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on as many operating systems as possible, so this shouldn't be too
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painful to the Linux community.<p>
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<p>
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<FONT FACE="arial,helvetica">
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<b>OLinux: In your opinion, what improvements and support are needed to make
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Linux a wide world platform for end users?</b></FONT><p>
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<b>Joe Kaplenk:</b> Usability is constantly emphasized in the Linux/business community and I
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agree with this. When I can sit my mother-in-law down at the computer
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and she can use Linux as easily as Windows then we'll be there. When she
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realizes that the box doesn't have to be rebooted for silly things that
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Windows does then it will be a solid sale. Most users don't care about
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the operating system. They want to use it. Windows has a lot of ease of
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use and wide usability built-in. Linux is getting close. I try to use
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Linux whenever I can and am moving things over. I have two windows boxes
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and a laptop running Windows. My Windows needs have decreased and except
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for arhived stuff, I don't use my other two Windows boxes. My laptop
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runs Windows only because I use AOL for my dialup on the road and for
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some other apps.<p>
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<FONT FACE="arial,helvetica">
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<b>OLinux: What was the last book release? Is there any new publication under
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way?</b></FONT><p>
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<b>Joe Kaplenk:</b> My last solo book with the Linux Network Administrator's Interactive
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Workbook. My last team effort was the IBM Redbook series on Linux which
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was recently published by Prentice-Hall. This is a four-book series.<p>
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There are no publications currently underway. I have been gathering my
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thoughts and hope to publish a UNIX system administration book based on
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my research. I plan to merge my first two books and incorporate several
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very unique concepts that I feel can make teaching and learning system
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admin much easier. I have a contract offer from Prentice-Hall that I am
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evaluating. Once I sign the contract the writing will take up most of my
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spare time.<p>
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<b>Joe Kaplenk:</b> Three years ago my goal was a book a year. In two years I had two book
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published solo and four books as part of a team. I'm basically on track
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or ahead of schedule.<p>
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<FONT FACE="arial,helvetica">
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<b>OLinux: What were your most successful book? How many copies where sold? Did
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it have many translations to other countries?</b></FONT><p>
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<b>Joe Kaplenk:</b> I don't have numbers on the Redbooks, but the UNIX System
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Administrator's Interactive Workbook was the best seller for the solo
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books. It has sold at least 20,000 copies. But the numbers are usually
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up to nine months behind. The networking book was intentionally limited
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in content to allow the user to just build a network and so didn't sell
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as well.<p>
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There are no translations into other languages as far as I know.<p>
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<FONT FACE="arial,helvetica">
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<b>OLinux: How do evaluate the sharp fall os stocks as VA Linux yesterday? Is it
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possible to make money as a linux company? How do address this problem?</b></FONT><p>
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<b>Joe Kaplenk:</b> It was inevitable because new tech stocks in general have been the
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darlings of the stock market. Linux fits this role perfectly. I also
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suspect that something was going on that was unanticipated by this
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process. As I interpret this situation people were doing after-hours
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bids for the VA Linux stock before it sold. When investors and brokers
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saw the prices that people were willing to pay, I suspect they made the
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opening price ridiculously high. As a result many people made quick
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fortunes. Since the stocks were way overpriced they quickly dropped.<p>
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I think the investors in the stock market IPOs have learned their
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lesson. The IPOs will not be the rockets they once were. Though there
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are occasional blips.<p>
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The biggest money to be made in Linux is in services and training. We
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will very quickly see this happening. Hardware does not make as much
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money and neither does the software. Though advanced software such as
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backup software does sell as well on Linux as on other platforms.<p>
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<FONT FACE="arial,helvetica">
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<b>OLinux: What kind of relation do you have with Linux community? Do you
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currently work for any linux orgs?</b></FONT><p>
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<b>Joe Kaplenk:</b> I don't have any formal relations with the Linux community other than
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being a member of several of the local Linux groups. I am also a member
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of Uniforum. My time has been so busy with my writing, research,
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teaching and working that I have avoided additional time commitments. I
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get over 100 emails a day that I have to deal with also.<p>
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I don't work for any Linux orgs, but I do occasionally get assignments
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that originate from Red Hat.<p>
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<b>OLinux: Leave a message to our users.</b></FONT><p>
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<b>Joe Kaplenk:</b> Linux is going mainstream. This is an irreversible process. If you want
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|
to succeed career-wise and financially you need to understand the
|
|
obstacles and have some wide experiences with several operating systems.
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|
You also need to get down and dirty and play in the sandbox. This means
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|
tearing apart the boxes and the software and becoming involved (or
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|
should I say intimate?) with them.<p>
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|
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|
Just like the early revolution with PCs and DOS this will move by very
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|
quickly. Ten years down the road it might be something else. It won't be
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|
MS and Windows and maybe not Linux. So take advantage of it while you
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|
can. Keep yourself open to new ideas so that you can again be there when
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it comes around.<p>
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My email is <a href=mailto:jkaplenk@aol.com>jkaplenk@aol.com</a> and I am always open to other ideas.
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Educators that are working on the same issues in training system admins
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as I am are especially encouraged to contact me.
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<H5 ALIGN=center>
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Copyright © 2000, Fernando Ribeiro Corrêa.<BR>
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Copying license <A HREF="../copying.html">http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html</A><BR>
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Published in Issue 60 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, December 2000</H5>
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