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<center>
<H1><A NAME="tips"><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="" SRC="../gx/twocent.jpg">
More 2&cent; Tips!</A></H1> <BR>
Send Linux Tips and Tricks to <A HREF="mailto:gazette@ssc.com">gazette@ssc.com</A></center>
<!-- BEGIN tips -->
<UL>
<!-- index_text begins -->
<li><A HREF="#2c/1"
><strong>Identify services</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#2c/5"
></a>login --or--
<br><A HREF="#2c/5"
><strong>Checking Passwords in Custom Apps</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#2c/6"
><strong>Printing under Linux</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#2c/7"
><strong>subnet needed</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#2c/10"
><strong>companies</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#2c/13"
><strong>Keyboard keys/buttons...</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#2c/14"
><strong>How to read Cisco Documentation CDROM on Linux platform</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#2c/15"
><strong>A note conserning the article "Making a Simple Linux Network Including</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#2c/16"
><strong>Wanted: articles about non-LILO boot loaders. -- Heather</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#2c/17"
><strong>Grep</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#2c/18"
><strong>2 cent tips - re: Reflections Replacement</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#2c/20"
><strong>Modems</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#2c/22"
><strong>authentication pam and kde</strong></a>
<li><A HREF="#2c/23"
><strong>Printing in Netscape</strong></a>
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</UL>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">Identify services</FONT></H3>
<h4>follow up to <a href="../issue58/tag/7.html">issue58/tag/7.html</a></h4>
Mon, 2 Oct 2000 13:38:30 -0400 (EDT)
<BR>From: Mathew A Johnston
(<a href="mailto:johnston@megaepic.com">johnston@megaepic.com</a>)
<BLOCKQUOTE>
I'm not sure that I'm sending this to the right address, but...
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
I find the most useful tool in the attempt to identify services and their
parents to be <TT>netstat -ple</TT> (process, listening, extended info). This
provides a table of listening sockets, the processes that own them, and
the uid of the process.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
If you're making an emergency read only anti-hack disk, put this on it -
you cant trust your installed version always.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Mathew Johnston
</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">Checking Passwords in Custom Apps</FONT></H3>
Sun, 08 Oct 2000 14:14:04 -0700
<!-- ::
Checking Passwords in Custom Apps
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
:: -->
<P><STRONG>
Hi,
</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>
I need to authenticate a user entering a linux os.
</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>
I get from the user a username and a password and need to cross it with
the <TT>/etc/passwd</TT> file.
</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>
How do I cross the password with the existing one ? (How can I enctypr the
password the user entered ?)
</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>
Thanks you,
<br>Gil.
</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
I presume what you're trying to ask is something like: "how can
my custom script or application determine if a user has given me
the password as would be checked by the system?"
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
The short answer is that your program should use the getpwent(3)
and the crypt(3) library calls.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
That is a bit of an oversimplification but here's a bit more detail:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQuote>
Technically you don't "encrypt" the password, you "hash" it and
compare your result with the one that's stored in the <TT>/etc/passwd</TT>,
or the <TT>/etc/shadow</TT> file, or the one that's returned by NIS, etc.
</BLOCKQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Here is a link to a simple example I found using Google:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQuote>
<A HREF="http://oloon.student.utwente.nl/~remco/linux-c-programming/9902/msg00017.html"
>http://oloon.student.utwente.nl/~remco/linux-c-programming/9902/msg00017.html</A>
</BLOCKQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Glyn Clements is one of the most active and knowlegeable
contributors to the linux-admin mailing list.
<br>-- JimD
</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">Printing under Linux</FONT></H3>
Tue, 10 Oct 2000 09:52:20 -0600
<BR>From: Jim
(<a href="mailto:JBRANDV@pnm.com">JBRANDV@pnm.com</a>)
<BLOCKQUOTE>
In your answer to Gaurav you didn't mention TurboPrint. I found the
current version has full support for my Epson Photo 700 and most
other Epson printers as well. I now have full photo quality printing
under Linux. Support for other printers is growing daily so keep
checking back if you don't see it the first time.
The URL: <A HREF="http://www.turboprint.de"
>http://www.turboprint.de</A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
It is beta (0.61) but seems to work great!
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Jim
</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">subnet needed</FONT></H3>
Tue, 10 Oct 2000 19:45:00 -0700 (PDT)
<BR>From: Buddy Newton
(<a href="mailto:blu3plat3@yahoo.com">blu3plat3@yahoo.com</a>)
<P><STRONG>
--- "Arne C. Johnson" wrote:
what does this subnet does this network give you
</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>
192.168.160.0 <TT>/20</TT>
</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>
Thanks
</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
192.168.160.1-192.168.175.254 4094 hosts
<br>that's a 255.255.240.0 mask
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<!-- sig -->
<blockquote><em>The trick is that each "255" octet is 8 bits. The number
on the end of the slash is a number of bits set on. So, 8 + 8 =
16, still not enough, need 4 bits 4 more! See it's really just that
many 1's counted from the left... which is to say from the
<strong>top</strong> of the values, so within the third octet,
that's 16 + 32 + 64 + 128 = 240. The netmask 1's allow bits
to "leak through" and establish the network address... the 0's
block or "mask" all the local addresses off.
For a <strong>lot</strong> more detail what this is all about,
see Jim Dennis' fairly verbose
"<a href="../issue36/tag/a.html">routing and subnetting 101</a>"
in issue 36.
-- Heather </em></blockquote>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">companies</FONT></H3>
Sun, 15 Oct 2000 11:46:11 EDT
<P><STRONG>
what are some of the companies that makes "LINUX" operating systems?
</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
There are so many, it is hard to count them... and groups which are not
companies also produce their own setups of Linux, so we call them
"distributions".
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Linux Weekly News (<A HREF="http://www.lwn.net"
>http://www.lwn.net</A>) has a section dedicated to following
this question, and a sidebar that has links to a long list of distro's -
so you should check it out.
<br>-- Heather
</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">Keyboard keys/buttons...</FONT></H3>
Tue, 17 Oct 2000 09:04:19 -0700
<BLOCKQUOTE>
anthony buckland wrote:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><STRONG>
I live in Japan and would like to replace the Japanese keyboard (buttons) of
my NEC laptop with the English keyboard (buttons)--if you know what I mean?
Now, do you happen to know of a supplier(s) in the US or elsewhere that I
could possibly contact for those English buttons? I thank you, again.
</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
I would contact NEC support via one of the links at
<A HREF="http://www.nec.com/support/index.html"
>http://www.nec.com/support/index.html</A>
and see if they can help. Perhaps they can send you the keytops or
at least tell you who manufactures them.
<br>-- Mike
</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">How to read Cisco Documentation CDROM on Linux platform</FONT></H3>
Tue, 17 Oct 2000 08:41:39 -0700
<BR>From: Andrea Montefusco &lt;<A HREF="mailto:andrew@montefusco.com"
>andrew@montefusco.com</A>&gt;
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Are you interested to such micro-howto ?
<br>Regards
<br>Andrea Montefusco
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<H4>How to read Cisco Documentation CDROM on Linux platform</H4>
<OL>
<LI>mount the cisco cdrom ( mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom )
<LI>start httpd apache daemon.
<LI>define a virtual server by mean of a listen on a port of your choice
id:
<PRE>Listen 127.0.0.1:8080</PRE>
<P>
You must include a Listen for your virtual servers
in your virtual host configuration (specialized file or httpd.conf file);
add the following instructions:
<PRE>
&lt;Virtualhost localhost:8080&gt;
Options Indexes FollowSymlinks
DocumentRoot /mnt/cdrom
AddHandler gunzip .htm
Action gunzip /cgi-bin/CiscoDoc
&lt;/Virtualhost&gt;
</PRE>
<LI>put in your CGI directory /home/httpd/cgi-bin the following file:
<A HREF="misc/tips/CiscoDoc.sh.txt">(text version)</A>
<PRE>
#!/bin/sh
#
#
echo Content-type:text/html
echo
FULL_PATH="$DOCUMENT_ROOT""$PATH_INFO"
ROOT_FILE="$DOCUMENT_ROOT""/home/home.htm"
if [ -f "$ROOT_FILE" ]; then
bunzip2 -t "$FULL_PATH" 1&gt; /dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1
rc2=$?
if [ "$rc2" = "0" ]; then
bunzip2 --stdout "$FULL_PATH"
else
gunzip -l "$FULL_PATH" 1&gt; /dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1
rc=$?
if [ "$rc" = "0" ]; then
gunzip --stdout "$FULL_PATH"
else
cat "$FULL_PATH"
fi
fi
else
echo "&lt;HTML&gt;&lt;BODY&gt;"
echo "&lt;H1&gt;Root file (" $ROOT_FILE ") not present&lt;/H1&gt;"
echo "&lt;H2&gt;Did you forget to insert the CD-ROM ? &lt;/H2&gt;"
echo "&lt;/BODY&gt;&lt;/HTML&gt;"
fi
#echo "&lt;HTML&gt;&lt;BODY&gt;"
echo "&lt;HR&gt;"
echo "&lt;H4&gt;"
echo "Cisco Documentation CDROM Reader ver. 0.3 -- A.Montefusco A.Passariello"
echo "&lt;/H4&gt;"
#echo "&lt;/BODY&gt;&lt;/HTML&gt;"
</PRE>
<LI>Make it executable with the command
<PRE>
chmod -c 755 CiscoDoc
</PRE>
<LI>Now you can access Cisco Manuals using URL: "http://localhost:8080/home/home.htm"
</OL>
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<P> <A NAME="2c/15"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A> <P>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">A note conserning the article "Making a Simple Linux Network Including</FONT></H3>
Mon, 11 Sep 2000 12:05:12 +0000
<BR>From: Samuli Sepp<70>nen
(<a href="mailto:samuli.seppanen@kolumbus.fi">samuli.seppanen@kolumbus.fi</a>)
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Instead of doing an "<TT>echo 7 &gt; /proc/parport/0/irq</TT>" you can put following
line to modules.conf:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE><code>
options parport_pc io=0x378, irq=7
</code></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
where io / irq should be replaced if necessary. With this you should be
able to insmod plip without any problems.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">Wanted: articles about non-LILO boot loaders. -- Heather</FONT></H3>
Wed, 27 Sep 2000 22:50:54 -0400
<BR>From: "Hoyt"
(<a href="mailto:hduff2@att.net">hduff2@att.net</a>)
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Neil Koozer of Roseburg, Oregon has created nuni, a boot
loader for a Linux system that uses the ext2 file system
and IDE drives.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
nuni handles various ext2 block sizes and handles both
small and large kernels.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<a href="http://www.linuxforum.org/plug/articles/nuni.html"
>www.linuxforum.org/plug/articles/nuni.html</a>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Hoyt Duff
</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">Grep</FONT></H3>
Sat, 30 Sep 2000 17:36:39 +0530
<BR>From: Rakesh Tiwari
(<a href="mailto:rakesh_tiwari@jasubhai.com">rakesh_tiwari@jasubhai.com</a>)
<BLOCKQUOTE>
From what i understand, u only want to know users begining with
"potatoe" in the "Login" coloumn.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<tt>$finger | cut -f1 -d" " | grep potatoe</tt>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Regards
<br>Rakesh Tiwari
<br><em>If you obey all the rules, you miss all the fun.</em>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">2 cent tips - re: Reflections Replacement</FONT></H3>
Mon, 16 Oct 2000 23:53:00 -0500
<BR>From: Rick Cook
(<A HREF="mailto:rcook@hex.net"
>rcook@hex.net</A>)
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Toshiro,
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><STRONG>
Hi! I would like to access my graphics Linux desktop from my Windows box; I
was able to do it using a software called Reflection (I guess you know it), is
there any (free) software with the same capabilities of Reflection?
</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
You could also try VNC. If you run a VNC Server on your Linux Machine and a VNC
client on your Windows box, you can get a graphical Login (xdm, gdm, kdm) on
your Windows Box. See:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQuote>
<A HREF="http://www.uk.research.att.com/vnc"
>http://www.uk.research.att.com/vnc</A>
</BLOCKQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
The Linux version comes included with several distributions, including <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</A>.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Good Luck,
<br>Rick Cook
</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">Modems</FONT></H3>
Tue, 3 Oct 2000 21:12:17 -0400
<BR>From: "Barry"
(<a href="BarryJJ@ATTGlobal.Net">BarryJJ@ATTGlobal.Net</a>)
<BLOCKQUOTE>
I bought the ActionTec Internal Call Waiting PCI - <EM>not</EM> to be
confused with the "56K PCI Pro" which is labelled as a WinModem <TT>-</TT> 'coz
it was the <EM>only</EM> one that mentioned Linux support on the box <EM>and</EM>
was PCI. From this I assumed it to be a "real" modem.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
I haven't actually tried it under Linux yet, but I was impressed to
find the instruction book had more pages (10) devoted to getting it to
work under Linux than for the Windows variants. And there is <EM>no</EM>
mention of having to install special software ... at least none that I
can find.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
There are separate headings for PPP, <A HREF="http://www.gnome.org/">GNOME</A> Dialer Applet, KPPP,
linuxconf Dialer, and even a paragraph on minicom. It cites the
instructions as having been verified under <A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat</A> 5.2 and 6.0,
although I found references to my current distribution of choice -
<A HREF="http://www.suse.com/">SuSE</A> <TT>-</TT> on their web pages.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
I was impressed! Their web site is
<a href="http://www.actiontec.com/"
>www.actiontec.com</a>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
HTH ... BJ
</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">authentication pam and kde</FONT></H3>
Mon, 23 Oct 2000 08:25:49 -0700
<BR>From: Breen Mullins
&lt;<A HREF="mailto:bmullins@asante.com"
>bmullins@asante.com</A>&gt;
<BLOCKQUOTE>
At 11:42 AM +0200 10/23/00, Dean Buhrmann wrote:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><STRONG><BLOCKQuote>
Hello,
</BLOCKQuote></STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Kapil Sharma gave in the Oktober issue a few security tips.
One is blocking users from doing su and only allowing the users from group
wheel to do so.
[snip]
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><STRONG>
It works well in virtual terminals. In <A HREF="http://www.kde.org/">KDE</A> however it is now impossible to su.
Authentication rejects now always the root password.
</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Hi Dean -
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
This also fails in Gnome if I use the default terminal. Try
opening a vanilla xterm <TT>-</TT> I can su if I do it there.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Breen
</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">Printing in Netscape</FONT></H3>
Wed, 25 Oct 2000 12:15:56 -0700
<BLOCKQUOTE>
In issue 57 (<A HREF="../issue57/lg_tips57.html"
>http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue57/lg_tips57.html</A>), Matthew
Willis suggested using psnup to print two pages per sheet in Netscape.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
psnup -c -n 2 | lpr -pprinter
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
I had to change this slightly to get it to work for me. I use:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
psnup -c -n 2 -pletter | lpr
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
The "<TT>-pletter</TT>" option says you're using letter-sized paper (the normal
page size in the US). Otherwise it will default to the European A4 size.
If you print A4-formatted pages on letter paper, the rightmost part of
the content runs off the edge of the page.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
The "<TT>-pprinter</TT>" option didn't work for me. I assume Matthew was trying
to select the printer device. According to my lpr manpage, the option
would be "<TT>-P</TT> printer". "<TT>-p</TT>" filters the input through pr, which isn't
what we want. (The pr command formats text files.)
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
-- Mike Orr
</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<!-- *** BEGIN copyright *** -->
<H5 align="center">This page edited and maintained by the Editors
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<a href="http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html"
>Copyright &copy;</a> 2000
<BR>Published in issue 59 of <I>Linux Gazette</I> November 2000</H5>
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