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<H1><A NAME="answer">
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<font color="#B03060">The Answer Guy</font>
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<H4>By James T. Dennis,
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<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com">linux-questions-only@ssc.com</a><BR>
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LinuxCare,
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<A HREF="http://www.linuxcare.com/">http://www.linuxcare.com/</A>
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<H3 align="left"><img src="../../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
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height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
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>LILO Hangs in Switzerland</H3>
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<p><strong>From Tom on Fri, 05 May 2000
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</strong></p>
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<!-- ::
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LILO Hangs in Switzerland
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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:: -->
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<P><STRONG>
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Hi Jim (or James? Is Jim short for James?)
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</STRONG></P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
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HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
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>
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Jim is short of James. I tend to go by Jim.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
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HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
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>
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First let me thank you for the work you're doing in the LG. I've
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read it for about 2 years now and have seen lots of tips. Even the
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AnswerGuy section is interesting, sometimes amusing... But let me
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come to the point now
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<IMG SRC="../../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=";-)"
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height="24" width="20" align="middle">
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</STRONG></P>
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<P><STRONG>
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I have Suse Linux 6.3, Kernel 2.2.13, with NCR SCSI and 2
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disks. With fdisk I set Boot=Y on <TT>/dev/sda1.</TT>
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</STRONG></P>
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<p><strong>mtab looks like:</strong></p>
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<pre><strong>/dev/sda1 /boot
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/dev/sda2 /
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/dev/sdb1 /home
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</strong></pre>
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<P><STRONG>
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But mtab will be processed <EM>after</EM> LILO has loaded the kernel, right?
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</STRONG></P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
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HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
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>
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<TT>/etc/mtab</TT> is the file which contains a list of currently
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mounted filesystems. <TT>/etc/fstab</TT> is the list of filesystems
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which are "known" to the system. <TT>/proc/mounts</TT> is a virtual
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file, it is a dynamic representation of the kernel's mount
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table.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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<TT>/etc/mtab</TT> might be out of sync with you <TT>/proc/mounts</TT> in cases
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where the system is in single user mode <TT>---</TT> and the root filesystem
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is mounted read-only, or under other add circumstances. <TT>/proc</TT>
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might not be mounted in some other cases. The structure of the
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two files is similar, but not quite identical. I've experimented
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with making <TT>/etc/mtab</TT> a symlink to <TT>/proc/mounts</TT> (and adjusting a
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few startup scripts to cope with that). It seems to work.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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The main commands that use <TT>/etc/mtab</TT> are the 'mount' command (when
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used with no arguments, to display the list of currently mounted
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filesystems) and the 'df' command (which displays the currently
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available free space on each mounted fs). Personally I think these
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(and any others that need this info) should be adjusted to use
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<TT>/proc/mounts</TT> in preference to <TT>/etc/mtab</TT> <TT>---</TT> since this would be one
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step that might allow us to mount <TT>/</TT> in read-only mode.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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Of course that should be abstracted through a library and it should
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still be able to use <TT>/etc/mtab</TT> for cases where <TT>/proc</TT> isn't
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available (particularly on some sorts of embedded systems).
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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But I digress.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
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HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
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>lilo.conf looks like:</strong></p>
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<strong><pre>
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initrd = /boot/initrd # exists
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boot = /dev/sda # put the Bootstrap code here
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#-#-#-#-#
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image = /boot/vmlinuz # exists
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root = /dev/sda2 # the device holding /
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label = lx # short but unique :-)
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</pre></strong>
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<p><strong>
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When running lilo, it shows
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<br><code>Addes lx *</code>
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</STRONG></P>
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<P><STRONG>
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When rebooting the system, it hangs after printing LI. I've read the
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lilo-README. It says that this is caused by "geometry mismatch" or having
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moved "<TT>/boot/boot.b</TT> without running the map installer."
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</STRONG></P>
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<P><STRONG>
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Uuuuh?!? What's the problem? I just don't get it ... Please help me. - Thank
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you!
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</STRONG></P>
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<P><STRONG>
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Tom
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<br>Greez from Switzerland!
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</STRONG></P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
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HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
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>
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Try adding the "linear" directive to the global section of
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your <TT>/etc/lilo.conf.</TT> That would be the part before the
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first "image=" directive.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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Try running <TT>/sbin/lilo</TT> <TT>-v</TT> <TT>-v</TT> (should give more verbose output).
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<!-- sig -->
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<!-- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -->
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<HR WIDTH="40%" ALIGN="center">
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<H3 align="left"><img src="../../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
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height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
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>LILO: linear Directive</H3>
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<p><strong>From Tom on Mon, 08 May 2000
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</strong></p>
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<!-- ::
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LILO: linear Directive
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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:: -->
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<P><STRONG>
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Hello Jim
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</STRONG></P>
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<P><STRONG>
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Thank you for your quick response!
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</STRONG></P>
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<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM>
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Try adding the "linear" directive to the global section of
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your <TT>/etc/lilo.conf.</TT> That would be the part before the
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first "image=" directive.
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</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
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<P><STRONG>
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I've done that and ... it works! Why does it? Is there a general problem
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with SCSI-drive(r)s and the old style adressing C/H/S? AFAIK "linear" means
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that the sectors on a disk are counted from 0 to n, as the SCSI does itself
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on block devices. But now I'm digressing
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<IMG SRC="../../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=";-)"
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height="24" width="20" align="middle">
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</STRONG></P>
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<P><STRONG>
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Thanks again!
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Tom
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</STRONG></P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
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HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
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>
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The failure mode you described (the LILO loader stops at just LI)
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is described in their documentation ("tech.dvi" or "tech.ps" depending
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on your distribution/source).
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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Basically the boot loader prints the letters LILO one at a time,
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and each at a specific point in its boot process. This is useful
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for debugging and troubleshooting. LI says the the first stage
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boot loader completed, and the second stage boot loader was found,
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but the mapping data (used to find the kernels, etc) was not.
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This is usually due to a problem where the BIOS and the LILO loader
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are using incompatible blocking addressing modes. (One is using
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CHS <TT>---</TT> cylinder/head/sector <TT>---</TT> while the other is using LBA/linear).
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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Sometimes SCSI expect linear addressing, some SCSI controllers or
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controller/drive combinations emulate the old WD1003 (ST506)
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interface closely enough that CHS addresses will do.
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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Sometimes you need to switch your CMOS/BIOS to use UDMA/LBA modes
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and/or add the "linear" to your <TT>/etc/lilo.conf</TT> <TT>---</TT> sometimes you
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need to just take the "linear" directive out of <TT>/etc/lilo.conf</TT> (and
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re-run <TT>/sbin/lilo</TT>, of course).
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<!-- sig -->
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<!-- end 1 -->
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<!--startcut ======================================================= -->
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<P> <hr> </p>
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<H5 align="center"><a href="http://www.linuxgazette.com/copying.html"
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>Copyright ©</a> 2000, James T. Dennis
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<BR>Published in <I>The Linux Gazette</I> Issue 54 June 2000</H5>
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<H6 ALIGN="center">HTML transformation by
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<A HREF="mailto:star@tuxtops.com">Heather Stern</a> of
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Tuxtops, Inc.,
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<A HREF="http://www.tuxtops.com/">http://www.tuxtops.com/</A>
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