197 lines
8.8 KiB
HTML
197 lines
8.8 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<title>Linux Tips and Tricks LG #44</title>
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</HEAD>
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<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#0000AF"
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ALINK="#FF0000">
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<!--endcut ============================================================-->
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<H4>
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"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
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</H4>
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<P> <HR> <P>
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<!--===================================================================-->
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<center>
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<H1><font color="maroon">Linux Tips and Tricks</font></H1>
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<H4>By <a href="mailto:afsilva@liberty.edu">Anderson Silva</a></H4>
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</center>
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<P> <HR> <P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"> I am writing this article
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for the linux newbies and even for the intermediate user that might
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think a few of these tricks are useful for them. Nothing here is new.
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They are just published very seldom by magazines or books, so a few of you might not know
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these tips.</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"> I have been using linux for
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2 years now, and I can tell you that I learn something new virtually
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every day. And a few of those things I have learned are very rare to be seen all the time. Here are a
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few of them.</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR>
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</P>
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<OL>
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<LI><P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">If you are using
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Redhat's <B>netcfg</B><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"> utility
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to connect to the internet and you are sick of having to open up
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the GUI, and click on ACTIVATE to connect, and then have to click on
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DEACTIVATE to disconnect... here is one little thing that you can
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do to make life easier.</SPAN></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in; font-weight: medium">Let's
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say you have a ppp0 set up with <B>netcfg</B>. Just add this two
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lines to your <I>/etc/bashrc</I></P>
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</OL>
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<UL>
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<LI><P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><I><B>alias
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dial="/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
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/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ppp0"</B></I></P>
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<LI><P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><I><B>alias
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hangup="/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp
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/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ppp0"</B></I></P>
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</UL>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
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<BR>
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</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
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Now if you want to connect, all you need to do is to go to your terminal
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and type <B>dial</B>; if you would like to disconnect just type
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<B>hangup</B>.</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
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<BR>
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</P><OL start=2>
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<LI>Here is another cool thing for you guys that use <B>bash</B>.</P></OL>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in">Let's
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say you want to create a new directory called <B>test</B></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-weight: medium">
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And you type:</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in"><BR>
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</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in"><B>#</B>
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mkdri
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</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><I><B> </B></I></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in"><B><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">Note
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that the command is mkdir, not mkdri</SPAN></B><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">.
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Instead of backspa</SPAN></SPAN>cing to fix this typo, go ahead and
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hit <b>Ctrl+t</b> (simultaneously). It will swap the two letter and you
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have your command fixed.</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in"><BR>
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</P>
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<OL START=3>
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<LI><P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">Also for you guys that
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are using <B>bash</B>.</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">Don't
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you hate when you want to go from one directory to another, but the
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directory is a 200-letter name? Let's say you wanted to go from your
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current directory to the directory
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<B>what_is_wrong_with_this_directory.</B></SPAN></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><B># cd what</B></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">Now,
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go ahead and hit the TAB key.</SPAN> This will make the shell look
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through your paths and find the possibilities that starts with <B>what</B><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">.
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</SPAN>
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</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><B>Note: If you hit tab
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once and nothing happens, hit it twice, because if there is any
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other directory that starts with the <SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">word</SPAN>
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</B><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"><I>what</I></SPAN><B> then the
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shell would not know to what directory to go to.</B></P>
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</OL>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-weight: medium">
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<BR>
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</P>
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<OL START=4>
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<LI><P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in; font-weight: medium">Customizing
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your directory colors.</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">I
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know a lot of you know the command <B>ls --color</B></SPAN><B>. </B><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">Which
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displays your directory with colors. But, a lot of people may not
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know that those colors are customizable.</SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">
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All you need to do is add the following line to your <I>/etc/bashrc</I>
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file.</SPAN></P>
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</OL>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-weight: medium">
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<BR>
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</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-weight: medium">
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<B>eval `dircolors /etc/DIR_COLORS`</B></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-weight: medium">
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<BR>
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</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-weight: medium">
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And then all of the color configuration can be found in the file
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<I>/etc/DIR_COLORS</I></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in; font-weight: medium">
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<BR>
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</P>
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<OL START=5>
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<LI><P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
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Frozen Xwindow.</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in; font-style: normal; font-weight: medium">
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If your Xwindow freezes sometimes, here are two ways that you may
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try to kill your server. The first is the simple simple way of
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killing your X server the key combination: <B>Ctrl+Alt+Backspace</B></P>
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</OL>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in"><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium"><SPAN STYLE="font-style: normal">
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The second way is a little more complicated, but it works most
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of the time. Hit <B>Ctrl+Alt+F2</B> to </SPAN></SPAN>startup a
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virtual console, then log in with your user name and password and
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run:</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in"><BR>
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</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in"># <B>ps
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-ax | grep startx</B></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in"><BR>
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</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in">This
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will give you the PID of your Xserver. Then just kill it with:</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in"><BR>
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</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in"># <B>kill
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-9 PID_Number</B></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in"><BR>
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</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in">To go
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back to your first console, just hit <B>Alt-F1</B></P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in"><BR>
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</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><B> </B><SPAN STYLE="font-weight: medium">None
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of these tricks are "rocket scientist" stuff, but I bet it
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is new for a lot of linux newcomers. So, hopefully, you learned
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something new with this article. </SPAN>
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</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR>
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</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in"><BR>
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</P>
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<P ALIGN=LEFT STYLE="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0in"><BR>
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</P>
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<!--===================================================================-->
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<P> <hr> <P>
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<center><H5>Copyright © 1999, Anderson Silva <BR>
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Published in Issue 44 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, August 1999</H5></center>
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