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<!--=================================================================-->
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<H1 align="center">Table of Contents <BR>March 1999 Issue #38</H1>
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<P> <HR> <P>
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<table><tr>
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<td rowspan=4>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="../index.html">The Front Page</A>
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<LI><A HREF="./lg_mail38.html">The MailBag</A>
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<ul>
|
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<li><a HREF="./lg_mail38.html#help">Help Wanted -- Article Ideas</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_mail38.html#gen">General Mail</a>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<LI><A HREF="./lg_bytes38.html">News Bytes</A>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_bytes38.html#general">News in General</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_bytes38.html#software">Software Announcements</a>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<LI><A HREF="./lg_answer38.html">The Answer Guy</A>, by James T. Dennis
|
||
<LI><A HREF="./lg_tips38.html">More 2 Cent Tips</A>
|
||
<LI><A HREF="./cooper.html">Adding a Second IDE Hard Drive</A>, by Mendel
|
||
Leo Cooper
|
||
<LI><A HREF="./pollman.html">Compiling Programs on Linux</a>, by JC Pollman
|
||
<LI><A HREF="./gm.html">Graphics Muse</A>, by Michael J. Hammel
|
||
<LI><A HREF="./blanchard.html">Introduction to IRQs, DMAs and Base
|
||
Addresses</A>, by Eugene Blanchard
|
||
<LI><A HREF="./gentry.html">Linux Dialin Server Setup Guide</A>, by Josh
|
||
Gentry
|
||
<LI><A HREF="./jenkins7.html">Linux Installation Primer, Part 7</a>,
|
||
by Ron Jenkins
|
||
<LI><A HREF="./martin.html">PAP HOWTO</A>, by Terry Martin
|
||
<LI><A HREF="./adler1.html">The Slashdot Effect, An Analysis of Three Internet P
|
||
ublications</A>, by Stephen Adler
|
||
<LI><A HREF="./rogers.html">The Standard C Library for Linux, Part
|
||
Four</A>, by James M. Rogers
|
||
<LI><A HREF="./kidd.html">Why you might want to use the Library GPL for
|
||
your next
|
||
library</A>, by Eric Kidd
|
||
<LI><A HREF="./veselosky.html">Windows/Linux Dual Boot</A>, by Vince Veselosky
|
||
<LI><A HREF="./lg_backpage38.html">The Back Page</A>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_backpage38.html#authors">About This Month's Authors</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_backpage38.html#notlinux">Not Linux</a>
|
||
</UL>
|
||
</UL>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr><tr>
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<td align=center>
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||
<A HREF="lg_answer38.html">
|
||
<img src="../gx/dennis/answerwiz-255.gif" border=0 alt=""></a><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="lg_answer38.html"><i>The Answer Guy</i></a>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr><tr>
|
||
<td align=center>
|
||
<A HREF="gm.html">
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/gm-logo-3-small.jpg" border=0 alt=""></a>
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</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR><P>
|
||
|
||
<!--=============================================================-->
|
||
<A HREF="./issue38.txt">TWDT 1 (text)</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="./issue38.html">TWDT 2 (HTML)</A><BR>
|
||
are files containing the entire issue: one in text format, one in HTML.
|
||
They are provided
|
||
strictly as a way to save the contents as one file for later printing in
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||
the format of your choice;
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||
there is no guarantee of working links in the HTML version.
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||
<!--=============================================================-->
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<P> <HR><P>
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||
Got any <I>great</I> ideas for improvements? Send your
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<A HREF="mailto:gazette@ssc.com">comments, criticisms, suggestions
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||
and ideas.</A>
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||
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||
<P><hr><p>
|
||
This page written and maintained by the Editor of <I>Linux Gazette</I>,
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<A HREF="mailto: gazette@ssc.com">gazette@ssc.com</A>
|
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<H4>"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"</H4>
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<HR>
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<center>
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<table width="100%" cellpadding=7><tr><td>
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<H2><a NAME="mail"><IMG SRC="../gx/mailbox.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT=" ">
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||
The Mailbag!</a> </H2>
|
||
Write the Gazette at <A HREF="mailto:gazette@ssc.com"> gazette@ssc.com</A>
|
||
</td><td>
|
||
<H3>Contents:</H3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_mail38.html#help">Help Wanted -- Article Ideas</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_mail38.html#gen">General Mail</a>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</td></tr></table>
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||
</center>
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|
||
<a name="help"></a>
|
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<p><hr><p>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
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||
<center><H3><font color="maroon">Help Wanted -- Article Ideas</font></H3></center>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Answers to these questions should be sent directly to the e-mail address of
|
||
the inquirer with or without a copy to gazette@ssc.com. Answers that are
|
||
copied to <I>LG</I> will be printed in the next issue in the Tips column.
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Wed, 3 Feb 1999 10:47:38 +0100 (MET)<BR>
|
||
From: Jan-Hendrik Terstegge, <A HREF="mailto:jh.terstegge@gmx.net">
|
||
jh.terstegge@gmx.net</A><BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Korn Shell FAQ</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I'm looking for a good Korn Shell FAQ, because I dislike reading the
|
||
Manpages. Does anyone know a good Internet Address of a FAQ?
|
||
<P>
|
||
Thanks in advance
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Jan-Hendrik
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Tue, 2 Feb 1999 15:13:18 -0500<BR>
|
||
From: "Jim Coleman", <A HREF="mailto:jecoleman@upsala.org">
|
||
jecoleman@upsala.org</A>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Windows program replacements</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I'm making the move from Windows to Linux and am in the process of
|
||
tracking down Linux programs to replace anything in Windows that I feel
|
||
I cannot do without. It's a short but stubborn list. Presently, I'm
|
||
trying to locate a Linux Family Tree program (I'm using Family Tree
|
||
Maker in Windows) and also need a Linux program that can import the
|
||
contents of several Cardfile databases.
|
||
<P>
|
||
I've heard of and have downloaded the Unix based LifeLines program but
|
||
have not yet tried it. Though it comes highly recommended, even the
|
||
author admits that it's somewhat dated. I was hoping a more recent
|
||
program was available. Not necessarily freeware, by the way.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Suggestions would be appreciated. Thanks,
|
||
<P>
|
||
Best Regards,<BR>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Jim Coleman
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Wed, 3 Feb 1999 14:45:12 -0800<BR>
|
||
From: "Michel A. Lim", <A HREF="mailto:support@whl-international.com">
|
||
support@whl-international.com</A><BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">RH5.2 and Intel EtherExpress Pro/10+ ISA NIC</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I am a Linux newbie, with some computer experience, trying to install my
|
||
intel etherexpress pro/10+ isa card on my new Linux box (Macmillan RH 5.2,
|
||
kernel 2.0.36-0.7). I have read several newsgroup postings regarding this
|
||
network card, but I could really use a step-by-step guide.
|
||
<P>
|
||
The card did work when the OS was win98. Linux is now the only OS on this
|
||
computer. The Linux install was successful except that it did not recognize
|
||
my network card. I disabled the plug and play function of the card using
|
||
the intel configuration software (softset2), and then tried re-installing
|
||
Linux and passing the IRQ and I/O settings (7 and 320-32Fh respectively) but
|
||
that also did not work. I then tried to add the following lines to
|
||
/etc/conf.modules:
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
alias eth0 eepro
|
||
options eth0 io=320-32Fh irq=7
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
this was also unsucessful. Furthermore, pnpdump returns "board not found,"
|
||
and even AFTER reading the HOWTO for isapnptools, I have no idea what to add
|
||
to add to my isapnp.conf file.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Any help would be very appreciated, just please be detailed as I am not a
|
||
guru by any stretch of the imagination.
|
||
<P>
|
||
thank you.
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
michel a. lim
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Mon, 8 Feb 1999 18:30:50 -0200<BR>
|
||
From: "Eliane Aureliana de Sousa", <A HREF="mailto:lili@martins.com.br">
|
||
lili@martins.com.br</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">We do not relay...</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Could you help me? I have Red Hat Linux installed and I have sendmail and
|
||
a pop server running but when I try to send and receive mail via
|
||
Netscape what I receive is this mensage: We do not relay..... and there
|
||
is neve any msg in my mail box.
|
||
<P>
|
||
I've read as many how-to as I could, but I couldn't find nothing about
|
||
my problem. Send mail is already running, I need to know how to set the
|
||
permissions to let my users send and receive mail.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Thanks,
|
||
Eliane Aureliana de Sousa
|
||
Uberlandia - Brazil
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Mon, 08 Feb 1999 16:28:52 +0100<BR>
|
||
From: Kristoffer Andersson, <A HREF="mailto:e7koffe@etek.chalmers.se">
|
||
e7koffe@etek.chalmers.se</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Help wanted -- article ideas</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I'm having a sort of luxorius problem. In the building where I live we have
|
||
a 24-7 ethernet connection two the Internet - so long every thing is fine -
|
||
the problem is that this connection goes through a masquerading-server and
|
||
as a result it is almost impossible to connect to your computer from a
|
||
computer outside my building.
|
||
<P>
|
||
To go around this limitation I have set up a small script that uses ssh to
|
||
forward a few ports (21, 22 and 80) to a computer outside the building.
|
||
This is fine as long as you and your friends now to wich computer the ports
|
||
have been forwarded to.
|
||
<P>
|
||
A more fancy solution would be to use ssh to tunnel ppp! The problem is
|
||
that I dont now of an ISP that would let me to use PPP over the Internet
|
||
instead of over their modem-pools.
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Kristoffer Andersson
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Mon, 08 Feb 1999 10:35:02 -0200<BR>
|
||
From: Silvia, <A HREF="mailto:silvia@waytecnet.com.br">
|
||
silvia@waytecnet.com.br</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">DOS Emulations</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
How does the DOS emulation through the serial ports works?<BR>
|
||
What is the default terminal emulation?<BR>
|
||
How can we change this?<BR>
|
||
We need to use 25 lines 80 columns and the key combinations ALT+F1,
|
||
ALT+F2, ..., ETC.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Regards<BR>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Silvia
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Mon, 08 Feb 1999 04:52:35 +0100<BR>
|
||
From: JVA, <A HREF="mailto:vargaj@intrak.tuke.sk">
|
||
vargaj@intrak.tuke.sk</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Sound card with radio on it</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I am intending to install Red Hat 5.0 to myP 166: PC and my question is
|
||
that I have a ISA sound card (SF16-FMI) with radio on it, it's 100% SB
|
||
compatible,and has a IDE connection on it and it's not PnP will it be
|
||
able to work and in particular the radio
|
||
please help I enjoy listening to radio.
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Jva
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Wed, 10 Feb 1999 15:42:19 -0800<BR>
|
||
From: Jay Xia, <A HREF="mailto:xia@xlnt.com">xia@xlnt.com</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">MS words to Postscript conversion</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
From time to time, people e-mail me documents
|
||
in Microsoft Words format. Do you know where
|
||
I can find an utility to convert the MS Words
|
||
documents into Postscript format so that I can
|
||
view/print them in Linux?
|
||
<P>
|
||
Thanks.
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
jay
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Sun, 14 Feb 1999 01:32:18 +0100<BR>
|
||
From: bonis, <A HREF="mailto:bonis@tin.it">bonis@tin.it</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">problema</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
ciao, mi chiamo cris
|
||
ho red hat 5.0 e devo collegarmi a internet... con netscape
|
||
communicator..
|
||
..non ci riesco :)..sono abbonato a tin...e ho un modem esterno da 33.6
|
||
...ho provato di tutto..ma non riesco propio :) aiuto :) grazie.
|
||
ps.
|
||
ho installato Linux Red Hat da 3 giorni :)..e mai prima.. :)
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
bonis
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Sat, 13 Feb 1999 20:58:10 +0530<BR>
|
||
From: "Mukul Jain", <A HREF="mailto:jainmukul@usa.net">jainmukul@usa.net</A>
|
||
<BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Configuring Linux as mail server</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I want to configure Linux as my off-line mail server. What all I want is
|
||
that I want it to aceept my mail and when I dial to my ISP it just sends
|
||
the
|
||
collected mail and then recieves the mail from my domain. and distributes
|
||
according to Linux user accounts.
|
||
<P>
|
||
I've done the following setting
|
||
in sendmail.cw; I've added my domain entry.
|
||
<P>
|
||
In sendmail.cf I've changed the
|
||
DS to my ISP server
|
||
<tt>DSgg.vsnl.net.in</tt>
|
||
<P>
|
||
and at DM added my domain
|
||
also changed <tt>OHoldExpensive=True</tt>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Well and then changed settings for the mailers expensiver
|
||
<P>
|
||
Now still I get an Error 'We do not relay mail'
|
||
<P>
|
||
HELP!
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Mukul
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Fri, 12 Feb 1999 11:06:49 +0100 (Ora solare Europa occidentale)<BR>
|
||
From: Bruno Falconi, <A HREF="mailto:bruno@ifctr.mi.cnr.it">
|
||
bruno@ifctr.mi.cnr.it</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">primo approccio</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
finalmente ho trovato un link interessante per chi vuole
|
||
inoltrarsi in Linux.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Ho cercato di installare Linux (Red Hat 5.2) sul mio pc
|
||
che gia gira con windows 98.
|
||
ho tre dischi (10gb, 2gb e 1.5gb).
|
||
ho incontrato mille difficolta' e alla fine non sono
|
||
riuscito ad installarlo, non solo, ma ho perso anche
|
||
Windows 98.
|
||
Ho ripristinato poi i dischi ed windows, ma prima di riprovarci
|
||
gradirei qualche dritta per fare una cosa seria.
|
||
<P>
|
||
grazie<BR>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Bruno Falconi
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Thu, 11 Feb 1999 12:35:03 -0500<BR>
|
||
From: "Jeff Moore", <A HREF="mailto:champnet@iisc.net">champnet@iisc.net</A>
|
||
<BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Converting to Linux</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Was told that I can do lot more with this Linux, where it be with 286 or 386
|
||
so on, and to be able develop the full capabilities a Service provider to
|
||
community, schools, business, residential. Would consider this task is a
|
||
must see how it can be done. O f course now one would have to have a great
|
||
deal old hardware, software all ready and surely this person would no just
|
||
go out and buy old equipment with this intent in mind. Instead work with
|
||
students with a great of old equipment that we are upgrading- Using what we
|
||
have an looking for conversions that would act like they up-to-date? any
|
||
suggestion ?
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Jeff Moore
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Wed, 17 Feb 1999 01:05:56 +0800 (SGT)<BR>
|
||
From: "Jayasuthan ......", <A HREF="mailto:suthan@eplx01.fairchildsemi.com">
|
||
suthan@eplx01.fairchildsemi.com</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Clear Up Corrupted Files</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I having problem with my filesystem lately. I believe it caused by Linux
|
||
Kernel 2.2.0 with hdparm -m8 option on my hard disk. Lucky its not very
|
||
serius. But now the problem is cleaning up those file which corrupted. I
|
||
do have file in /lost+found folder and thats not an issue but files like
|
||
this :-
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
br-Sr-S--- 1 25449 28015 99, 105 Nov 26 2031 System.map
|
||
br-srwS-wT 1 29813 23328 9, 10 Jan 19 2026 System.old
|
||
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 Feb 15 23:07 beta/
|
||
drwxr-xr-x 2 root bin 2048 May 8 1994 bin/
|
||
</pre>
|
||
Look at System.map and System.old file. This file can't just "rm -rf"
|
||
away. I don't want to format my hard disk well it will be very hard for
|
||
me. I do have good backup. I want to learn Linux file system and
|
||
understand it.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Please help me out here.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Thank You,<BR>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Jayasuthan
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Thu, 18 Feb 1999 13:20:29 +0200<BR>
|
||
From: "yossi", <A HREF="mailto:yossi@sivan-north.co.il">
|
||
yossi@sivan-north.co.il</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Linux & Win95/98/NT clients</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Well, I am system administrator in colleage (about 200 machines). Mostly
|
||
they're running Win95/98 and some of them running NT4.0 Workstation. We
|
||
don't use yet Linux as a server ( but I use it a lot for
|
||
java-development). We use NT4.0.
|
||
So my question is :
|
||
I'd like to install Linux as a file-server & keep on him images of
|
||
hard-disks from classrooms(i.e every classroom has own "master" with all
|
||
the programmes installed on it). So if something goes wrong with one (or
|
||
more) of a computers in the classroom I'd like to keep this "masters" on
|
||
Linux server & connect to them somehow from this computer and take the
|
||
"image" off to my win95/98/nt client.
|
||
Somehow - I mean I have to have a boot-diskette that does the work.
|
||
The second point is that I'm not sure in possibility that
|
||
in-the-same-time I can use the "image" on Linux with multiple
|
||
connections... Sometimes the "image" has to be requested by 20-25
|
||
clients(in the same time).=20
|
||
If somebody can help me it's really great coz' this way I can install
|
||
first-Linux-server in our network ( I really like this OS.... but it
|
||
doesn't depend on me :) )
|
||
Any information will be appreciated.
|
||
Thanx.
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Daniel Mester
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Wed, 17 Feb 1999 18:23:55 -0700 (MST)<BR>
|
||
From: "Dale M. Snider", <A HREF="mailto:dsnider@nmia.com">
|
||
dsnider@nmia.com</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Re: Trap float divide-by-zero and NaN</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Can someone tell me how to turn on a gcc compile option to trap a divide
|
||
by zero and NaN with type float or double. I can get the divide-by-zero
|
||
trap with type int. Is this a trap that can be done on the kernal level?
|
||
The signal SIGFPED only works on integers?? I am using Red Hat 5.2
|
||
installation.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Trap on divide by zero: a=1., b=0., a/b=Inf
|
||
<P>
|
||
Trap on overflow: a=3.4e38, b=3.4e38, a*b=Inf
|
||
<P>
|
||
Trap on NaN: sqrt(-1)
|
||
<P>
|
||
I have included a small test code to illustrate the problem (question)..
|
||
<P>
|
||
To build sample code:
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
cc -g tst.c -lm -o tst
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Test code:
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
#include <stdio.h>
|
||
#include <math.h>
|
||
|
||
main() {
|
||
float a,b,c,d;
|
||
int ia,ib,ic;
|
||
int i;
|
||
|
||
a=1.; b=0.;
|
||
c=a/b;
|
||
d=(float)sqrt((double)-a);
|
||
printf("Float: a=%f b=%f a/b=%f d=sqrt(-a)=%f\n",a,b,c,d);
|
||
ia=1; ib=0;
|
||
ic=ia/ib;
|
||
printf("Integer: ia=%d ib=%d ia/ib=%d\n",ia,ib,ic);
|
||
}
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
Results:
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
Float: a=1.000000 b=0.000000 a/b=Inf d=sqrt(-a)=NaN
|
||
Floating point exception (core dumped)
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
Note that the integer divide by zero is trapped but reported as " Floating
|
||
point exception"??
|
||
<P>
|
||
Cheers<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Dale
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Mon, 01 Feb 1999 03:39:39 +0200<BR>
|
||
From: Jussi Kallioniemi, <A HREF="mailto:jukal@teraflops.com">
|
||
jukal@teraflops.com</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">business plan</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Just a quick question (worth printing to next issue?)
|
||
<P>
|
||
Is there any (good) GNU licensed programs to help
|
||
the creation of businessplans?
|
||
<P>
|
||
-- <BR>
|
||
Jussi Kallioniemi
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Wed, 27 Jan 1999 23:50:54 -0800<BR>
|
||
From: "Snow Wolf", <A HREF="mailto:snowwolf@sprynet.com">
|
||
snowwolf@sprynet.com</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Letter to the Editor ...</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
On the same day that I received my <I>Linux Journal</I>, I got a PC Connection
|
||
periodical. It's a standard PC mail-order catalog, but it seems to assume
|
||
that people are running Windows. Are there similar catalogs that cater to
|
||
people running Linux/Unix. Like have non-PnP modems, cards that include
|
||
drivers for other OSes besides Windows, etc., etc.
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Charles Wheeler
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Tue, 23 Feb 1999 11:36:25 PST<BR>
|
||
From: "Jaap Wolters", <A HREF="mailto:woltersj@hotmail.com">woltersj@hotmail.com</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">problem</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Ik heb geprobeert jullie programma "LINUX" te downloaden, maar ik krijg
|
||
geen toegang. hoe zou het toch kunnen? Op de t.v werd verteld dat het
|
||
programma beter is dan Windows 98, Minder fouten en minder vastlopers.
|
||
Is het programma windows compatible zodat ik mijn oude windows spellen
|
||
kan doorspelen. Ik heb ZEER veel belang bij dit programma, maar
|
||
aangezien me het niet lukt om het te downloaden zou ik graag uw advies
|
||
willen.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Met vriendelijke groeten
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
J.Wolters
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Tue, 23 Feb 1999 12:21:53 -0500<BR>
|
||
From: "Nick Wilkens", <A HREF="mailto:NWilkens@holnam.com">
|
||
NWilkens@holnam.com</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Making a Red Hat 5.2 CD</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Hi, I downloaded the Red Hat/RPMS Red Hat/base directories from sunsite,
|
||
along with the proper image files, etc... I also burn them to a CD in
|
||
this same way under the Red Hat directory, is this proper? because when
|
||
i try to do a CD install, it says invalid media no Red Hat tree found or
|
||
something to that effect. Any suggestions?
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Nick
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Sun, 21 Feb 1999 17:28:54 PST<BR>
|
||
From: <A HREF="mailto:helicon123@hotmail.com">helicon123@hotmail.com</A><BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Installation Question</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Since Linux was mostly used by x86, do you think it's OK if I install it
|
||
on PII-300MHz computer?
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
helicon123
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Mon, 01 Feb 1999 15:18:23 +0000<BR>
|
||
From: Austin, <A HREF="mailto:austinp@headland.co.uk">
|
||
austinp@headland.co.uk</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Help wanted: Fax gateway</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I'm toying with the idea of setting up a FAX gateway on a Linux machine.
|
||
The machine is currently on a LAN, and has no modem, so I'll be wanting
|
||
to stick a 56Kbps in there. I'm just after pointers, personal
|
||
experience, web pages, and general advice on this, because I have no idea
|
||
where to start :)
|
||
<P>
|
||
So far, I've discovered Hylafax. Is this what I should be using? Are
|
||
there alternatives?
|
||
<P>
|
||
How do you go about installing a modem? What models are recommended?
|
||
<P>
|
||
Thanks for any help.
|
||
<P>
|
||
-- <BR>
|
||
Austin
|
||
|
||
|
||
<a name="gen"></a>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="maroon">General Mail</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Mon, 01 Feb 1999 16:03:26 +0000<BR>
|
||
From: Keith, <A HREF="mailto:kwhudson@ticnet.com">
|
||
kwhudson@ticnet.com</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Not Linux</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
three oaths:<BR>
|
||
1 of marriage<BR>
|
||
1 of truth<BR>
|
||
1 of leadership
|
||
<P>
|
||
1st one Rendered invalid by actions<BR>
|
||
2nd one destroyed by testimony<BR>
|
||
3rd one ?<BR>
|
||
<P>
|
||
lets not be lazy..lets not take a just get it over attitude...lets
|
||
tell the Pop Press that we want news, not day to day hogwash...
|
||
<P>
|
||
People are made to tire of a subject, because the press forces every
|
||
conceivable amount of data real or not about a subject down to us. This
|
||
is known. This is planned.
|
||
<P>
|
||
No one has lost face. This is not a party issue. Let it continue. We
|
||
need a answer. We need the Law. Whatever the outcome will be.
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Keith
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Mon, 01 Feb 1999 18:24:34 +0100<BR>
|
||
From: Roger Irwin, <A HREF="mailto:irwin@trucco.it">irwin@trucco.it</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Closed software promotion</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Launching into issue 37, I go straight to Software Announcements. And
|
||
the first item is "New circuit design software", which goes on to
|
||
describe itself as a spice front-end.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Well, I design electronic circuits, and immediately hit the link. What I
|
||
found was that the spice front-end was a plug-in for the 'visio'
|
||
package. No mention was made of Linux, but the announcement said it would
|
||
work on any version of Visio. So, I would need the Linux version of
|
||
visio.
|
||
<P>
|
||
So then I followed the link to Visio, and looked to see 'platform
|
||
requirements'. It said this:
|
||
<P><font color="navy">
|
||
"We've thought long and hard about what you'll need from a
|
||
business diagram
|
||
program. That's why we've designed our software to work on
|
||
most desktops.
|
||
Chances are, the computer you already use will be fine for
|
||
running Visio
|
||
Standard."
|
||
</font><P>
|
||
Great, another program designed to run on as many platforms as possible?
|
||
Not quite, it will run on W95, W98 & Windows NT4.0. Period. Another
|
||
company who thinks the only OS that should be run on a desktop is
|
||
Windows, and <I>Linux Gazette</I> is helping to promote this.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Well done, keep up the good work...............
|
||
<P>
|
||
Bill will be so proud of you.
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Roger
|
||
<blockquote> <I> (Sorry to let that one slip by me. I tend to assume if they
|
||
send the announcement to me, it works for Linux. And of course, I knew SPICE
|
||
works for Linux. Wish I had time to chase every announcement down, but I
|
||
don't. Anyway I removed it after getting a couple of letters telling me.
|
||
--Editor)</I> </blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Tue, 02 Feb 1999 10:24:33 -0800<BR>
|
||
From: jeff godden, <A HREF="mailto:jgodden@panlabs.com">jgodden@panlabs.com
|
||
</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">under software announcements, SpiceLink is not a Linux product</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
As usual, <I>Linux Gazette</I> remains one of my favorite sources
|
||
of net-gleaned Linux information. Thank you!
|
||
<P>
|
||
Under software announcements of issue #37 there is a link
|
||
to SpiceLink which i was very thrilled about to see such
|
||
a graphical support for spice under Linux. But alas, even
|
||
through it's linked from <I>Linux Gazette</I> this software cannot
|
||
run under Linux. From the president of the SpiceLink following
|
||
an inquiry:
|
||
<blockquote> <font color="navy">
|
||
You're right about SpiceLink; it's for Visio and therefore Windows.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
(maybe when they get near 100% of the Windows market they'll think about Linux).
|
||
Perhaps a note might be added that one better have WINE
|
||
running and even then it's uncertain...?
|
||
<P>
|
||
Many thanks!
|
||
<P>
|
||
-- <BR>
|
||
jeff
|
||
<blockquote> <I> (Always appreciate hearing when I lapse so I can get it
|
||
corrected. Thanks for doing it
|
||
in such a nice way. That announcement has been removed. -- Editor)
|
||
</I> </blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Tue, 02 Feb 1999 12:54:29 -0500<BR>
|
||
From: Darren, <A
|
||
HREF="mailto:PCTech1018@netscape.net">PCTech1018@netscape.net </A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">RE: What is a 'high crime'</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
A "High crime" is not necessarily what could be called a 'heinous' act.
|
||
A 'High crime' is simply a 'crime' committed by a 'High' official (such
|
||
as a senator, federal judge, or president.) Because of their unique
|
||
positions, what would not be considered crimes for us, may be considered
|
||
crimes for 'High' officials, hence the term 'common criminal' versus
|
||
'high criminal'. For instance, accepting bribes would, for private
|
||
citizens outside of public office, not be considered a crime (immoral
|
||
perhaps, but not criminal.) For high officials, bribery is most
|
||
definitely a 'high' crime.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Some people feel that the questions that the president did not
|
||
truthfully answer should not have been asked and were not relevant to
|
||
governing. After all, even some of the framers of the constitution were
|
||
known to have had 'improper relations'. But these same people seem to
|
||
forget that we did not have laws relating to sexual
|
||
harassment/discrimination back then. Also, the judgment by the courts
|
||
pertaining directly to those 'irrelevant' questions was that the
|
||
questions were relevant and proper at the time they were asked.
|
||
<P>
|
||
As to using the principle of 'acts related to governing', it would seem
|
||
that these same people feel that R. Nixon should have been impeached -
|
||
even though his alleged acts and deceptions had nothing to do with
|
||
'governing'. Using the Nixon precedent, W. Clinton should be held
|
||
accountable for lies and deception even if they had little bearing on
|
||
the act of 'governing'.
|
||
<P>
|
||
So then, we are left to ask, were the lies and deception in the courts
|
||
by the president acceptable? I guess we all need to answer that for
|
||
ourselves. If it is appropriate for the president to not tell the whole
|
||
truth on those matters that the court has decided he should answer for
|
||
and go unpunished for lying, then we should stop enforcing sexual
|
||
discrimination cases altogether. Women should just accept their place
|
||
as 2nd class citizens and let the rest of us get on with the job of
|
||
making a living. Just think, if he had 'pleaded the fifth', we wouldn't
|
||
be having this wonderful education on the constitutional process.
|
||
<P>
|
||
This may not be the populist view, but the moral high ground usually
|
||
isn't. Witness the popularity of Howard Stern and Larry Flynt. I am
|
||
not perfect. When I get caught breaking 'minor' laws, I should fully
|
||
expect some sort of punishment. But just because I am not perfect, does
|
||
that mean I should give up any expectation of holding myself and others
|
||
to standards of common decency?
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Darren
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Wed, 03 Feb 1999 14:27:08 -0800<BR>
|
||
From: James Guilford, <A HREF="mailto:guilfoja@oplin.lib.oh.us">
|
||
guilfoja@oplin.lib.oh.us</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Thanks!</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I've been experimenting with Linux (Red Hat flavor) but
|
||
needed to remove it from a machine to install {gad}
|
||
Windows. LILO wouldn't go away.
|
||
<P>
|
||
I found the answer on your Web site. Thanks for saving me a
|
||
lot of trouble!
|
||
<P>
|
||
-- <BR>
|
||
James Guilford
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Wed, 3 Feb 1999 14:08:43 -0600<BR>
|
||
From: "John W. Burgoon", <A HREF="mailto:jwb@indiana.com">
|
||
jwb@indiana.com</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">J. W. Pennington's article about Doubt</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I read Pennington's article with considerable interest and look forward to
|
||
more. As a web developer (trained in Physics and Chemistry) I have to point
|
||
out the word that the hard sciences use in place of Mr. Pennington's
|
||
"doubt": we call that "skepticism". Not cynicism, which many folks use as a
|
||
way to protect their ego. (Failure is more common than success, so cynics
|
||
just predict failure all the time to get their winning %age).
|
||
<P>
|
||
Skepticism is a firm belief in empirical or deductive fact coupled with a
|
||
firm disbelief in personal perception. The good engineer is a skeptic; he
|
||
wants to know some empirical fact before he allows himself to believe his
|
||
perceptions. He tests the girder design before it goes into a bridge, and
|
||
even then he over builds that bridge by a factor of 2 or 3 just in case the
|
||
wind blows, or any army drives across with tanks, or an earthquake hits.
|
||
And when it fails anyway, he shows up and figures out why.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Linux benefits from skepticism since we don't say "Ha, this is perfect" but
|
||
rather we say, "weeellll, this works but so far we haven't looked at x/y/z".
|
||
<P>
|
||
Kudos to the good author for pointing out a fine generality in which Linux
|
||
developers can take pride. Healthy old-fashioned skepticism kicks ass.
|
||
<P>
|
||
John W. Burgoon
|
||
<P>
|
||
<blockquote> <I> (Mr. Pennington will return with part 2 next month.
|
||
--Editor)</I> </blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Thu, 04 Feb 1999 04:37:32 -0800<BR>
|
||
From: Igor Markov, <A HREF="mailto:imarkov@CS.UCLA.EDU">
|
||
imarkov@CS.UCLA.EDU</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Re: The Beauty of Doubt</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
It seems, you are really talking about *critical thinking*.
|
||
*Doubt* is often caused by critical thinking, but shouldn't
|
||
be explicitly cultivated, in my opinion. Many colleges
|
||
offer classes on critical thinking, and the topic is not
|
||
that new. It is true, of course, that commercial
|
||
software developers are not as free to think critically
|
||
about their work as FSC folks, hence the advantage of FSC.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Regarding the other three terms: *cooperation* seems too
|
||
weak, free software developers *collaborate*."Cooperation"
|
||
is what Microsoft does when it gets sued for a breach of
|
||
contract ;-)
|
||
<P>
|
||
*Non-control (read: Freedom)* is vague. You probably mean
|
||
*independent thinking* and, separately, *freedom to allocate
|
||
personal resources*. For example, I may be interested in
|
||
kernel hacking, just because I like the subject (not because
|
||
I am paid for this) and may have new ideas, but not
|
||
time/skill to implement them. Someone else, who has a month
|
||
of vacation may pick them up and produce something useful.
|
||
<P>
|
||
"Rebellion"... how about "enthusiasm" or, better,
|
||
"improvement drive". I would actually agree that many
|
||
developers may be driven by a rebellion, but not the ones
|
||
who are responsible for most innovation. "Rebellion" does
|
||
not go well with incremental development models somehow.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Finally, the lack and, OTOH, the ease of several aspects
|
||
of management is critical to the FSC as much as the above
|
||
issues. This may need to be discussed as well.
|
||
<P>
|
||
well... so much for a non-native speaker. I guess, you will
|
||
correct me if I messed up connotaions/meanings etc.
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Igor
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Sun, 07 Feb 1999 21:17:27 +0000<BR>
|
||
From: Kevin Atkinson, <A HREF="mailto:kevinatk@home.com">kevinatk@home.com </A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Did you know about Aspell?</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I saw you article titled "ispell: Spelling Checker" in the <I>Linux Gazette</I>
|
||
and was wondering if you knew of the existence of Aspell.
|
||
<P>
|
||
From the manual:
|
||
<P>
|
||
1.1.1.1 Features that only Aspell has
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li> Does a much better job with coming up with suggestions than
|
||
Ispell
|
||
does.
|
||
<li> Can learn from users misspellings.
|
||
<li> Is an actual library that others programs can link to instead of
|
||
having to use it through a pipe.
|
||
<li> Is multiprocess intelligent. When a personal dictionary (or
|
||
replacement list) is saved it will now first update he list
|
||
against the dictionary on disk in case another process modified
|
||
it.
|
||
</ul>
|
||
1.1.1.2 Things that only Aspell will have real soon
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li> Support for detachable dictionaries so that more than one aspell
|
||
class can use the same dictionary.
|
||
<li> Support for multiple personal dictionaries as well as support for
|
||
special auxiliary dictionaries.
|
||
</ul>
|
||
1.1.1.3 Things that, currently, only Ispell have
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li> Lower memory footprint
|
||
<li> Support for affix compression
|
||
<li> Support for spell checking Latex and Nroff files.
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Granted that when your article was first published Aspell didn't exist.
|
||
<P>
|
||
More information can be found at <A HREF="http://metalab.unc.edu/kevina/aspell/">http://metalab.unc.edu/kevina/aspell/</A>.
|
||
<P>
|
||
-- <BR>
|
||
Kevin Atkinson
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Mon, 22 Feb 1999 15:17:36 -0600<BR>
|
||
From: "Gray, Robert C", <A HREF="mailto:Robert.Gray@feist.com">
|
||
Robert.Gray@feist.com</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Not Linux</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
No offense meant, but <BR>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Three states list perjury as a "High crime or misdemeanor" in their state
|
||
constitution
|
||
they are California, Texas, and Alabama.
|
||
Three others call perjury an infamous crime (same as "High crime..." ?)
|
||
they are
|
||
West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Illinois.
|
||
Three others list perjury as an offense serious enough for removal from
|
||
office
|
||
they are Wyoming, Missouri, and Colorado.
|
||
<P>
|
||
All these states also list conviction of perjury as reason to preclude
|
||
someone from ever holding public office.
|
||
<P>
|
||
In all 50 states perjury is a crime!
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Robert Gray
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/envelope.gif">
|
||
Date: Sat, 13 Feb 1999 17:43:22 -0300<BR>
|
||
From: Gustavo Larriera, <A HREF="mailto:gux@cs.com.uy">gux@cs.com.uy</A> <BR>
|
||
Subject: <font color="maroon">Corrected version of my article NTloader+Linux</font>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I would be pleased if this letter goes to the Mail Bag section.
|
||
<P>
|
||
I wish to thank the feedback I received for my article "Booting
|
||
Linux with the NT Loader" (LG January 1999). Some readers pointed
|
||
out my misinformation about the MBR-changed-means-NT-wiped-out
|
||
affair :-) I've corrected the article, the revised version can be
|
||
found at my home page [http://w3.cs.com.uy/u/gux/ntloadli2.htm].
|
||
<P>
|
||
Have a lot of fun,
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Gustavo Larriera
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--================================================================-->
|
||
<center>Published in <i>Linux Gazette</i> Issue 38, March 1999</center>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<A HREF="./index.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/indexnew.gif" ALT="[ TABLE OF
|
||
CONTENTS ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="../index.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/homenew.gif" ALT="[ FRONT
|
||
PAGE ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./lg_bytes38.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/fwd.gif" ALT=" Next "></A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<h5>This page written and maintained by the Editor of <I>Linux Gazette</I>,
|
||
<A HREF="mailto: gazette@ssc.com">gazette@ssc.com</A><BR>
|
||
Copyright © 1999 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc. </H5>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4>"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"</H4>
|
||
<HR>
|
||
<center>
|
||
<table cellpadding=7><tr><td>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/bytes.gif" border=1 ALT="News Bytes">
|
||
</td><td>
|
||
<H3>Contents:</H3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_bytes38.html#general">News in General</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_bytes38.html#software">Software Announcements</a>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</td></tr></table>
|
||
</center>
|
||
|
||
<a name="general"></a>
|
||
<p><hr><p>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="green">News in General</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<center><IMG ALT=" " SRC="./gx/cover60.jpg"></center>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
April 1999 <I>Linux Journal</I>
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The April issue of <A HREF="http://www.linuxjournal.com/"><I>Linux
|
||
Journal</I></A> will be hitting the newsstands March 12.
|
||
This issue focuses on Network Computing with a review of Corel's Netwinder
|
||
and articles on FlowNET a high-performance network solution,
|
||
Network administration using AWK tools, and an interview with John Ousterhout,
|
||
creator of Tcl/TK.
|
||
<I>Linux Journal</I> now has articles that appear "Strictly On-Line".
|
||
Check out the Table of Contents at
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxjournal.com/issue60/index.html">
|
||
http://www.linuxjournal.com/issue60/index.html</A> for articles in this
|
||
issue as well as links to the on-line articles.
|
||
To subscribe to <I>Linux Journal</I>, go to <A
|
||
HREF="http://www.linuxjournal.com/ljsubsorder.html">
|
||
http://www.linuxjournal.com/ljsubsorder.html</A>.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
Debian Logo Contest
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Date: Wed, 03 Feb 1999 20:38:26 -0500<BR>
|
||
Debian Project,
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">http://www.debian.org/</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The Debian project is in the process of looking for a new logo. Currently
|
||
Debian has a semi-official logo, which can be seen at
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.debian.org/logos/debianlogo-2.jpg">http://www.debian.org/logos/debianlogo-2.jpg</A>. As a majority of Debian
|
||
developers are not happy with the current logo, we are searching for a new
|
||
logo to replace the current one using a GIMP logo contest. Submission
|
||
information and other details are available at <A HREF="http://contest.gimp.org/">http://contest.gimp.org/</A>.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Debian would like to have two logos: one logo with a very liberal license
|
||
that everyone is free to use (for example on webpages, shirts, etc.), and
|
||
a more official logo with a restricted license which can only be used on
|
||
official Debian items (like CD's produced from the official ISO-images).
|
||
Please note both license are not finished yet.
|
||
<P>
|
||
The winning logo will be decided on by the Debian developers. Since there
|
||
are a lot of active developers it may take as long as 3-4 weeks after the
|
||
end of the contest to decide who the winner is.
|
||
<P>
|
||
For more information:<BR>
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:press@debian.org">press@debian.org</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
Invitation to Join Freedom of Choice Project
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Date: Fri, 5 Feb 1999 05:20:52 -0500<BR>
|
||
The Freedom of Choice Project is a co-operative effort between IACT and
|
||
James Capone, an IACT member as well as devoted user of Linux, who created
|
||
the entire project at his own Linux website. In the project's first week,
|
||
over 5000 people had participated in the Freedom of Choice consumer poll.
|
||
With help from IACT, James Capone now is expanding the poll to reach users
|
||
of _all_ platforms.
|
||
<P>
|
||
As you know, all computer users certainly are affected by an ongoing
|
||
problem in the computer market: Microsoft still maintains an exclusive
|
||
distributorship with PC makers such as Compaq, Dell, Gateway etc.. Those
|
||
companies pre-install or "bundle" MSFT software on the majority of new PCs
|
||
we buy. Once the MSFT software is pre-installed, we may decide to delete it
|
||
and then fight to get a refund, but that approach still won't get to the
|
||
root of the problem.
|
||
<P>
|
||
The Freedom of Choice project is our grass-roots, long-term solution. By
|
||
using the Internet as it was designed-- to bring together small groups like
|
||
ours into a larger, stronger and unique network-- we're going to defend the
|
||
fundamental right of consumers everywhere to choose any and all software
|
||
that is installed on the new computers they buy.
|
||
<P>
|
||
We want to give users of all platforms the chance to _send a direct
|
||
message_ to the PC makers, to demand that the companies fully respect every
|
||
consumer's right to choose.
|
||
<P>
|
||
For more information:<BR>
|
||
James Capone, <A HREF="mailto:linuxos@iname.com">linuxos@iname.com</A> <BR>
|
||
The Freedom of Choice Poll, <A HREF="http://www.angelfire.com/biz2/Linux/company.html">
|
||
http://www.angelfire.com/biz2/Linux/company.html</A> <BR>
|
||
Diane Gartner <A
|
||
HREF="mailto:dgwhiz@earthling.net">dgwhiz@earthling.net</A><BR>
|
||
IACT's Freedom of Choice page: <A HREF="http://pages.cthome.net/iact/iact-tell.html">
|
||
http://pages.cthome.net/iact/iact-tell.html</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
LinuxArchives.com
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Date: Fri, 05 Feb 1999 17:12:14 -0800<BR>
|
||
LinuxArchives.com has been launched at
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxarchives.com/" eudora="autourl">www.linuxarchives.com</a>.
|
||
It is a software archive dedicated strictly to Linux software. The site is
|
||
organized into specific categories, and also features a search engine
|
||
that makes finding programs fast and easy. Most of the software is
|
||
submitted directly by the manufacturers and it updated frequently.
|
||
The site should be a valuable resource for Linux
|
||
users, and Aceweb Internet will be working to ensure that it
|
||
grows at a pace that is in step with the ever changing needs of the Linux
|
||
community.
|
||
<P>
|
||
For more information:<BR>
|
||
Tony Ferrara, <A HREF="mailto:tonyf@aceweb.net">tonyf@aceweb.net</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
Debian based CUTE 2000 Server exhibited
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Date: Fri, 12 Feb 1999 10:08:29 -0500<BR>
|
||
CUTE 2000, an all-in-one Linux based server was exhibited at the NET & COM
|
||
'99 show. It is based on Debian GNU/Linux, and includes software for
|
||
functions such as DNS, WWW, SMTP, FTP, SAMBA, NETATALK, DHCP and others.
|
||
<P>
|
||
For more information:<BR>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.NikkeiBP.AsiaBizTech.com/Database/1999_Feb/08/Mor.02.gwif.html">
|
||
http://www.NikkeiBP.AsiaBizTech.com/Database/1999_Feb/08/Mor.02.gwif.html</A>
|
||
<BR>Debian, <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">http.//www.debian.org/</A>
|
||
|
||
GLUE: Groups of Linux Users Everywhere
|
||
<P>
|
||
GLUE has added a number of new benefits in recent months to attract new
|
||
groups, and is working hard to give our current member groups an
|
||
excellent level of service. New benefits include: special subscription
|
||
rate to the TPJ and LJ for registered GLUE LUG members, a set of the LJ
|
||
archive CD-ROMs, Red Hat Linux, and TCL Blast. GLUE also continues to very
|
||
graciously sponsored by Caldera Systems, with their Open Linux
|
||
distribution, and Enhanced Software Technologies, with their BRU Backup
|
||
and Restore Utilities. I'm working with Linux user groups to find out what
|
||
other ways GLUE can contribute, from web resources, to inviting other
|
||
vendors to particpate. The glue-list@ssc.com mailing list is available for
|
||
discussion among LUGs.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Linux Users can find a user group with our Group Locator pages, or post to
|
||
find or form one of their own. These listings pages are updated and
|
||
confirmed frequently, and are very comprehensive. Listing are free to all
|
||
groups, not just those registered for GLUE membership.
|
||
<P>
|
||
GLUE is a project of SSC Inc, publishers of Linux Journal. GLUE was
|
||
implemented to provide a world-wide member group for Linux User Groups.
|
||
GLUE member groups receive a subscription, materials for promoting and
|
||
developing their group, a way of advertising their group in a global
|
||
setting, list-serv and Linux Group location services, and discounts and
|
||
samples from SSC and Linux Journal. Other vendors also offer special
|
||
benefits or discounts to GLUE's member groups. Any LUG can have a free
|
||
listing in the Linux Group location section, and Linux users can post to
|
||
the site to find and form new groups in their area.
|
||
<P>
|
||
For more information:<BR>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.ssc.com/glue/">http://www.ssc.com/glue/</A>
|
||
Clarica Grove, <A HREF="mailto:glue@ssc.com">glue@ssc.com</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
Linux Hardware Solutions to support Debian Project
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Date: Thu, 25 Feb 1999 12:51:21 -0500<BR>
|
||
Linux Hardware Solutions, Inc. a premier supplier of Linux systems and
|
||
service announce support for the Debian Project of Software in the Public
|
||
Interest, Inc.
|
||
<P>
|
||
The support comes in the form of a Linux Hardware Solution PS350RR-100
|
||
RAID rackmount server with 256 MB RAM attached to a dedicated colocation
|
||
connection at Mindspring Enterprises' data center in Atlanta, Georgia to
|
||
act as the new ftp.debian.org server.
|
||
<P>
|
||
For more information:<BR>
|
||
Linux Hardware Solutions, Inc., <A HREF="http://www.linux-hw.com/">
|
||
http://www.linux-hw.com/</A> <BR>
|
||
Debian GNU/Linux, <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">http://www.debian.org/</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
Subject: Dan Quayle or Linus Torvalds for President
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Date: Fri, 26 Feb 1999 14:52:40 -0700<BR>
|
||
Even If you sat out the 60s, missed the March On Washington, or the Windows
|
||
Refund Protest, you can still voice your vote for freedom--specifically,
|
||
the freedom to use the Open Source computer operating system, Linux.
|
||
As noted in this morning's Wall Street Journal, a young company called
|
||
Linuxcare is holding a just-for-fun election for the new Leader of the
|
||
Free World! Who would you choose: Bill Bradley, George Bush, Jr., Bill Gates,
|
||
Al Gore, Dan Quayle, or Linus Torvalds? You can cast your vote at
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxcare.com/">http://www.linuxcare.com</A>, until "Super Tuesday," March 2, which also
|
||
happens to be the opening day of LinuxWorld--the world's largest
|
||
gathering of Linux users
|
||
(<A HREF="http://www.linuxworldexpo.com/">http://www.linuxworldexpo.com/</A>).
|
||
<P>
|
||
The results will be published in the Wall Street Journal on March
|
||
2, the day Linuxcare goes live.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Let the people decide -- in the democratic spirit that permeates
|
||
Open Source --Get Out The Vote (GOTV) for the leader of the FREE WORLD.
|
||
|
||
<font color="green"><H4>Linuxcare announced on March 2 that Linus
|
||
had won with 73% of the vote. No other candidate received more than 9%.</H4>
|
||
</font>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
Linux Links
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Open Source MS Windoze 9x Petition:
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxresources.com/linuxreview/petition.html">
|
||
http://www.linuxresources.com/linuxreview/petition.html</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Brain Power, Jobs for Smart People:
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.bpower.com/">http://www.bpower.com/</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
LinuxODBC: <A HREF="http://www.codebydesign.com/LinuxODBC">
|
||
http://www.codebydesign.com/LinuxODBC</A> <BR>
|
||
<P>
|
||
UNIX newbie site:
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.dicamp.univ.trieste.it/du96/unix/TOC.html">
|
||
http://www.dicamp.univ.trieste.it/du96/unix/TOC.html</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
New Linux logos:
|
||
<A HREF="http://www-mddsp.enel.ucalgary.ca/People/adilger/logo/">
|
||
http://www-mddsp.enel.ucalgary.ca/People/adilger/logo/</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Compaq web page:
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.unix.digital.com/linux/">http://www.unix.digital.com/linux/</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The Linux Merchandsising FAQ for Germany:
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:http://www.reichmann.de/alex/lmf/index.html">
|
||
http://www.reichmann.de/alex/lmf/index.html</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Microsoft & new lawsuits:
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.zdnet.com/zdnn/filters/bursts/0,3422,2213093,00.html">
|
||
http://www.zdnet.com/zdnn/filters/bursts/0,3422,2213093,00.html</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Vedova Linux, a
|
||
new Linux distribution based on Debian GNU/Linux:
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.vedovanet.bbk.org/linux/vedova">
|
||
http://www.vedovanet.bbk.org/linux/vedova</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
CRN spot survey:
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.techweb.com/se/directlink.cgi?CRN19990118S0023">
|
||
http://www.techweb.com/se/directlink.cgi?CRN19990118S0023</A>
|
||
http://www.linuxresources.com/linuxreview/petition.html</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Ramblings on Apple and Linux:
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.osopinion.com/Opinions/EdMcKenna/EdMcKenna2.html">
|
||
http://www.osopinion.com/Opinions/EdMcKenna/EdMcKenna2.html</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
IBM and Redhat: <A HREF="./redhat.txt">Red Hat Press Release</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
Xpresso Ltd Needs Programmers
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Date: Mon, 22 Feb 1999 10:28:00 -0500<BR>
|
||
I have a small company named Xpresso Ltd. This will hopefully produce a new
|
||
simple software system aimed at users of Windows.
|
||
The idea is to sell the Linux OS with the installation and set-up
|
||
completely
|
||
automatic. It will use one or more choices of graphical user shells (KDE as
|
||
first
|
||
default choice).
|
||
The latest Linux Kernel 2.0.xx will be used (and built specifically for
|
||
each
|
||
installation - with maths module if processor is without etc). The System
|
||
will
|
||
analyse the hardware and construct or select the correct X Windows drivers
|
||
and
|
||
install correct files ( /fstab etc). by examining the existing DOS/Windows
|
||
OS files
|
||
or running MSD.EXE or similar.
|
||
I have very little finance and am hoping to find programmers who will help
|
||
me on
|
||
a percentage basis. I shall be selling the product world-wide and hope
|
||
millions of
|
||
units will be sold. Can you possibly help me with details of any sources of
|
||
programmers for this work please? The main aims are simple, safe (stable)
|
||
and
|
||
visually attractive graphics. The user will do nothing except click GO.
|
||
Star Office
|
||
and other quality free programs (only the best) will be included. But only
|
||
the best.
|
||
To enable all Windows users to switch to Xpresso LINUX. A safe dual boot on
|
||
start up will enable the migration from Windows to Linux to proceed slowly,
|
||
at
|
||
each person's pace. Can you help please? I can e-mail a four page outline
|
||
of my
|
||
further plans for Linux if you are interested.
|
||
<P>
|
||
For more information:<BR>
|
||
Stephen Jackson, Xpresso Ltd,
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:xpresso@compuserve.com">xpresso@compuserve.com</A>
|
||
|
||
<a name="software"></a>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<center><H3><font color="green">Software Announcements</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
Vedova Linux
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Date: Thu, 4 Feb 1999 20:19:29 +0100 <BR>
|
||
New Linux Distribution based on Debian GNU/Linux
|
||
<P>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.vedovanet.bbk.org/linux/vedova/">
|
||
http://www.vedovanet.bbk.org/linux/vedova/</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
For more information:<BR>
|
||
Emanuele Vedova, <A
|
||
HREF="mailto:vedova@mail.omnitel.it">vedova@mail.omnitel.it</A><BR>
|
||
Vedova Computing, Como, Italy
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
Linux for Coldfire
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Friday, 28th February 1999<BR>
|
||
Greg Ungerer from Moreton Bay today announced the porting of the popular
|
||
Linux operating system to the Motorola Coldfire family of processors.
|
||
Source code for this Linux/Coldfire project is now available freely on
|
||
the net at: <BR>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.moretonbay.com/coldfire/linux-coldfire.html">
|
||
http://www.moretonbay.com/coldfire/linux-coldfire.html</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
The Linux/Coldfire project is a port of a recent Linux kernel and, as
|
||
with all ports of Linux, this is free software under the GNU Public
|
||
License. The code is based on the recent stable linux kernel version
|
||
2.0.33 and it includes the uC-linux patches applied. The libc, libm and
|
||
user applications also come from the uC-linux work.
|
||
<P>
|
||
What's a ColdFire?<BR>
|
||
ColdFire is the newest family of microprocessors from Motorola. First
|
||
released in 1994, ColdFire embodies a revolutionary variable-length RISC
|
||
architecture that is designed to meet the requirements of the embedded
|
||
consumer market. <BR>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.mot.com/SPS/HPESD/prod/coldfire/cf_roadmap.html">
|
||
http://www.mot.com/SPS/HPESD/prod/coldfire/cf_roadmap.html</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
For more information:<BR>
|
||
Moreton Bay,
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.moretonbay.com/">http://www.moretonbay.com/</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
SFS SOFTWARE RELEASES DOCFATHER PROFESSIONAL 2.2
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Schmalkalden Germany. February 1, 1999 <BR>
|
||
SFS SOFTWARE announces the release of DocFather Professional 2.2, their
|
||
fast, easy to navigate online and offline search engine for any web site or
|
||
web-based documentation.
|
||
DocFather provides webmasters, publishers and developers alike with an
|
||
excellent utility to make their Web Sites, HTML documentation or
|
||
internet/intranet contents searchable.
|
||
<P>
|
||
DocFather is top-rated and able to run on any Java-supported operating
|
||
system like Linux. The nextcoming
|
||
DocFather Office Edition is capable to index Adobe PDF, Microsoft Word and
|
||
Excel, HTML and all text-based files.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Availability and Pricing
|
||
<P>
|
||
There are several DocFather licenses available. The product can be ordered
|
||
on-line at the SFS SOFTWARE web site, or through its US-based partner
|
||
Proactive International:
|
||
<P>
|
||
Internet License: $ 349.00<BR>
|
||
Intranet License: $ 990.00<BR>
|
||
CD-ROM Publishing License for 10,000 CD-ROM: $ 1,990.00
|
||
<P>
|
||
A fully-functional demo version of DocFather is available for free download
|
||
at <A HREF="http://www.sfs-software.com/">http://www.sfs-software.com/</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
For more information:<BR>
|
||
SFS Software, <A
|
||
HREF="mailto:info@sfs-software.com">info@sfs-software.com</A><BR>
|
||
Proactive International, LLC,
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.proactive-intl.com/">http://www.proactive-intl.com</A>,
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:info@proactive-intl.com">info@proactive-intl.com</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
Product Release of the MIMER DBMS for Linux
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Date: Wed, 03 Feb 1999 13:11:58 +0100<BR>
|
||
Sysdeco Mimer AB in Uppsala, Sweden, has now released its DBMS MIMER for
|
||
Linux. A complete developer version of MIMER 8 for Linux is now available
|
||
for free download from the company's Web site at <A
|
||
HREF="http://www.mimer.com/">http://www.mimer.com</A>. Full support
|
||
agreements are available for MIMER 8 on Linux.
|
||
<P>
|
||
The release of MIMER for Linux is identical to that implemented across a
|
||
wide range of platforms, including many other UNIX platforms (e.g. IBM, HP
|
||
and Sun), Windows NT, Windows 95/98 and OpenVMS. In addition to offering
|
||
MIMER 8 run-time licences for Linux on very competitive terms, Sysdeo Mimer
|
||
also offers Linux customers the opportunity to sign a support agreement,
|
||
which provides telephone support and free software updates.
|
||
<P>
|
||
For more information: <BR>
|
||
Sysdeco Mimer AB, <A HREF="mailto:info@mimer.se">info@mimer.se</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
PartitionMagic 4.0
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Date: Tue, 2 Feb 1999 22:14:27 GMT+2<BR>
|
||
Recently released in the United States, PartitionMagic 4.0 - touted as the
|
||
easiest way to create, resize and move harddisk partitions on the fly
|
||
without destroying data - is now available in South Africa through
|
||
accredited PowerQuest software distributor, OS/2 Express SA.
|
||
<P>
|
||
PartitionMagic 4.0 offers complete support for FAT16, FAT32, FAT32X, NTFS,
|
||
HPFS and Linux ext2 partitions. PartitionMagic continues to convert from
|
||
FAT16 to FAT32 and vice versa, and from FAT to NTFS and HPFS.
|
||
<P>
|
||
PartitionMagic 4.0 is available from OS/2 Express SA for R459. An upgrade
|
||
from earlier versions is available for R289 including VAT.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Additionally graphics / boxshots may be found at :
|
||
<A HREF="ftp://ftp.powerquest.com/pub/Intl/graphics/PartitionMagic/PM4.x/">
|
||
ftp://ftp.powerquest.com/pub/Intl/graphics/PartitionMagic/PM4.x/ </A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
For more information:<BR>
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:os2express@icon.co.za">os2express@icon.co.za</A> <BR>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.os2.co.za/software/">http://www.os2.co.za/software/</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
LyX-1.0.0 released
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Date: Tue, 02 Feb 1999 21:58:22 +0200<BR>
|
||
LyX is an advanced open source document processor running on many Unix
|
||
platforms. It is called a "document processor", because unlike standard
|
||
word processors, LyX encourages an approach to writing based on the
|
||
structure of your documents, not their appearance. LyX lets you
|
||
concentrate on writing, leaving details of visual layout to the software.
|
||
LyX automates formatting according to predefined rule sets, yielding
|
||
consistency throughout even the most complex documents. LyX produces high
|
||
quality, professional output -- using LaTeX, an open source, industrial
|
||
strength typesetting engine, in the background.
|
||
<P>
|
||
LyX has undergone a quantum leap in functionality over the past 18 months.
|
||
This release offers extensive control over fonts, margins, headers/footers,
|
||
spacing/indents, justification, bullet types in multilevel lists, a
|
||
sophisticated table editor, a version control interface for collaborative
|
||
projects -- the list goes on and on. LyX 1.0 includes many standard formats
|
||
and templates such as for letters, articles, books, overheads, even
|
||
Hollywood scripts. Work continues on a growing library of "plug-in" formats
|
||
and templates, in the best open-source tradition.
|
||
<P>
|
||
LyX runs on standard Unix platforms, including Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD,
|
||
Solaris, IRIX, HP-UX, AIX, ... even OS/2 and Cygnus/Win32 (somewhat
|
||
experimentally), and provides native support for PostScript(tm) fonts
|
||
and figures.
|
||
<P>
|
||
The main LyX site is
|
||
<A HREF="ftp://ftp.lyx.org/pub/lyx/">ftp://ftp.lyx.org/pub/lyx/</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
For more information:<BR>
|
||
LyX Home Page: <A HREF="http://www.lyx.org/">http://www.lyx.org/</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
Raima's Velocis 2.1 Now Available on Linux
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Date: Tue, 9 Feb 1999 14:33:59 -0800 <BR>
|
||
Raima Corporation has just released Velocis Database Server version 2.1
|
||
for the Linux platform. Velocis is an embedded client/server database
|
||
engine which now provides robust new interfaces for several popular
|
||
development environments. These include an interface to Rogue Wave
|
||
Software's DBTools.h++, a JDBC driver, Delphi Data Aware Components and
|
||
support for the Perl DBI standard. Velocis 2.1 extends its SQL support
|
||
with scrollable cursors and customized comparison functions and
|
||
introduces a powerful new database utility, dbrepair.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Please see the following announcement to learn more about Velocis 2.1.
|
||
<P>
|
||
A free trial download is available
|
||
from <A HREF="http://www.raima.com/download/product_list.cfm">
|
||
http://www.raima.com/download/product_list.cfm</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Raima Corporation, <A HREF="http://www.raima.com/">http://www.raima.com</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
SFS Software SITEFORUM Database Exchange
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Schmalkalden Germany. February 8, 1999 <BR>
|
||
SITEFORUM Database Exchange is a "100% pure Java" solution, which is
|
||
capable to import and
|
||
export your existing data, stored in any JDBC/ODBC-compatible database
|
||
into another JDBC-/ODBC-
|
||
compatible database. (i.e. Sybase to Oracle). The software allows you to
|
||
create, delete and modify tables and columns . In addition to that you are
|
||
able to modify the content, field types and attributes. The integrated SQL
|
||
interface enables you to make queries to the database using SQL commands The
|
||
results will be displayed in a fine-designed grid component. SITEFORUM
|
||
Database Exchange lets you import and export databases from any location on the
|
||
internet, the built-in proxy support enables you to work even behind a proxy
|
||
or firewall. The new product of SFS SOFTWARE offers an attractive, intuitive
|
||
and easy-to-use interface.
|
||
SITEFORUM Database Exchange runs on about 30 java-supporting operating
|
||
systems like Linux.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Availability and Pricing:<BR>
|
||
A fully-functional evaluation version SITEFORUM Database Exchange can be
|
||
downloaded from the SFS SOFTWARE web site at <A
|
||
HREF="http://www.sfs-software.com/">http://www.sfs-software.com/</A>.
|
||
The product is can be ordered using our secure online shop at
|
||
http://www.sfs-software.com/shop/.
|
||
<P>
|
||
SITEFORUM Database Exchange - Single User License - US$ 495.00 <BR>
|
||
SITEFORUM Database Exchange - 5 User License - US$ 1,990.00
|
||
<P>
|
||
For more information:<BR>
|
||
SFS Software, <A
|
||
HREF="http://www.sfs-software.com/">http://www.sfs-software.com/</A>,
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:info@sfs-software.com">info@sfs-software.com</A> <BR>
|
||
Proactive International,
|
||
<A
|
||
HREF="http://www.proactive-intl.com/">http://www.proactive-intl.com/</A>,
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:info@proactive-intl.com">info@proactive-intl.com</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
Linuxcare Supports Business 24x7
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Date: 22 Feb 99 18:15:11 -0800<BR>
|
||
<P>
|
||
SAN FRANCISCO, February 22, 1999=97Linuxcare, Inc. (www.
|
||
linuxcare.com), the first company to offer a complete solution for Linux
|
||
technical support, consulting, education, and product certification to
|
||
Fortune 1000 companies, announced today the launch of 24x7 enterprise-
|
||
class support programs, including a state-of-the-art call center and
|
||
business-oriented service level agreements.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Linuxcare's state-of-the-art call center will feature advanced computer-
|
||
telephony integration (CTI), so that all requests are received centrally
|
||
and tracked, thus delivering speedier and more accurate customer
|
||
responses. In addition, all Linuxcare technical support engineers can
|
||
instantly access and update the largest shared database of worldwide
|
||
Linux resources and expertise. The database includes all open and
|
||
solved customer issues, all Linux documentation, articles, mailing
|
||
lists and news group archives, Howtos, FAQs and more.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Linuxcare supports all major distributions of Linux on all major
|
||
platforms, allowing its customers the flexibility to choose options
|
||
that best fit their needs.
|
||
<P>
|
||
For more information:<BR>
|
||
Linuxcare, Inc., <A
|
||
HREF="http://www.linuxcare.com/">http://www.linuxcare.com/</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
NetReality reads, understands, organizes, and
|
||
presents the Web in virtual reality
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
EDMONTON, ALBERTA--February 23, 1999-- Bittco Solutions today
|
||
released the first downloadable exemplar of its powerful neural-net
|
||
foundation technology. NetReality reads, understands, organizes, and
|
||
presents Web content in VR. NetReality harnesses the vast amounts of
|
||
information available on the World Wide Web. Unlike current technologies,
|
||
which seem to increase the problem of information overload, NetReality
|
||
automatically acquires, reads and organizes information, presenting
|
||
web sites, documents, searches and bookmark files in an intuitive,
|
||
personalized VR landscape. This unique and powerful form of presentation
|
||
enables users to quickly locate, correlate, and apply information on
|
||
the Web to tasks at hand.
|
||
<P>
|
||
UNIQUE BUSINESS PROPOSITION - Bittco licenses its neuralVR
|
||
technology to third parties for inclusion in products like web
|
||
servers, browsers, search engines, document management solutions,
|
||
news readers, and email. We have blown away all the traditional
|
||
barriers to acquiring our technology, emphasizes Managing Partner,
|
||
Terry Harrison, Our business approach supports low-cost/low risk
|
||
acquisition vs. development. Interested software producers can embed
|
||
this technology on a sizzling time-to-market schedule by licensing the
|
||
Bittco advanced engineering, core and customization.
|
||
<P>
|
||
PRE-RELEASE VERSIONS of NetReality (TM) for all common operating
|
||
systems will be available for download from Bittco's Web site at
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.bittco.com/">http://www.bittco.com/</A> in the next few weeks beginning today with a
|
||
version for all Linux users.
|
||
<P>
|
||
For more information:<BR>
|
||
Bittco Solutions Ltd.,
|
||
Dean Bittner,
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:dean@bittco.com">dean@bittco.com</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
Linuxcare and DELL Systems
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
SAN FRANCISCO, February 26, 1999-Linuxcare, Inc - the first company to
|
||
provide a complete solution for Linux technical support to Fortune 1000
|
||
companies - announced today that it will provide comprehensive global
|
||
support for selected Dell Precision(tm) WorkStations, PowerEdge=AE
|
||
servers and OptiPlex business desktop PCs running any variant of the
|
||
Linux operating system.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Dell will include a free Linuxcare Silver Support Incident Coupon with
|
||
every PowerEdge server that ships with Linux, starting March 1, 1999. Each
|
||
coupon can be redeemed for Web or email-based technical support from
|
||
Linuxcare. The Linuxcare Silver Service Level provides for resolution to,
|
||
or a report on the customer's problem, within one business day. Linuxcare
|
||
defines a technical support incident as a single identified customer issue
|
||
or problem.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Linuxcare, Inc., <A
|
||
HREF="http://www.linuxcare.com/">http://www.linuxcare.com/</A><BR>
|
||
Dell Computer Corporation,
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.dell.com/">http://www.dell.com/</A>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
|
||
<H3><IMG ALT=" " SRC="../gx/bolt.gif">
|
||
<font color="green">
|
||
Spectra Logic
|
||
</font>
|
||
</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
SAN JOSE, Calif., Mar. 1, 1999 - Spectra Logic Corp. today announced that
|
||
the company's Alexandria Backup and Archival Librarian(tm) software is the
|
||
first major backup software to support "hot" backup of Oracle8 and Oracle
|
||
Applications on the Linux operating system (OS). Alexandria 4.50 provides
|
||
Linux users with extensive backup and recovery tools that until now have
|
||
only been available in large corporate data centers.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Alexandria 4.50 supports backup of Oracle databases without taking the
|
||
database offline via its Comprehensive Online Backup and Restore Agent
|
||
(COBRA), the industry's fastest and most reliable Oracle backup/restore
|
||
engine. In Oracle production environments, COBRA automatically discovers
|
||
Oracle databases, including new tablespaces and datafiles, and puts the
|
||
tablespaces into backup mode. Once the tablespaces are in backup mode and
|
||
the datafiles are backed up, the tablespaces are taken out of backup mode.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Availability<BR>
|
||
Alexandria 4.50 with support for Oracle on Linux is available today for Red
|
||
Hat Linux, Version 5.2. Additional Oracle on Linux support is planned for
|
||
Caldera, SuSE and Turbo Linux OSes. A single-user version of Alexandria is
|
||
available free for 45 days and can be downloaded from
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.spectralogic.com">http://www.spectralogic.com/</A>. At the end of
|
||
the 45-day trial period, the hot Oracle backup module can be purchased
|
||
directly from Spectra Logic.
|
||
<P>
|
||
For more information:<BR>
|
||
Spectra Logic, <A HREF="mailto:alexandria@spectralogic.com">
|
||
alexandria@spectralogic.com</A>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--================================================================-->
|
||
<center>Published in <i>Linux Gazette</i> Issue 38, March 1999</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!-- =================================================================== -->
|
||
<A HREF="./index.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/indexnew.gif" ALT="[ TABLE OF
|
||
CONTENTS ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="../index.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/homenew.gif" ALT="[ FRONT
|
||
PAGE ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./lg_mail38.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/back2.gif" ALT=" Back "></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./lg_answer38.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/fwd.gif" ALT=" Next "></A>
|
||
|
||
<P><HR><P>
|
||
<h5>This page written and maintained by the Editor of <I>Linux Gazette</I>,
|
||
<A HREF="mailto: gazette@ssc.com">gazette@ssc.com</A><BR>
|
||
Copyright © 1999 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc. </H5>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<!-- ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -->
|
||
<H4>"The Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"</H4>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -->
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><A NAME="answer">
|
||
<img src="./../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif" alt="(?)"
|
||
border="0" align="middle">
|
||
<font color="#B03060">The Answer Guy</font>
|
||
<img src="./../gx/dennis/bbubble.gif" alt="(!)"
|
||
border="0" align="middle">
|
||
</A></H1>
|
||
<BR>
|
||
<H4>By James T. Dennis,
|
||
<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com">linux-questions-only@ssc.com</a><BR>
|
||
Starshine Technical Services,
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.starshine.org/">http://www.starshine.org/</A>
|
||
</H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
|
||
<p><hr><p>
|
||
<H3>Contents:</H3>
|
||
<p><a href="#tag/greeting"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" alt="(!)" border="0"
|
||
align="middle"><strong>Greetings From Jim Dennis</strong></A></p>
|
||
|
||
<DL>
|
||
<!-- index_text begins -->
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/1"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
></a>hmm. --or--
|
||
<dd><A HREF="#tag/1"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
FTP Only Access: Trickier than it Seems
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/2"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
></a>Why can I only login as root? --or--
|
||
<dd><A HREF="#tag/2"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
Another "No Login" Problem
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/3"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(!)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
A Reader Answers: What is the TCP/IP SACK feature?
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/4"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
Unable to Open Console: After "Custom" Install
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/5"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
"Integrating" Linux/sendmail with MS Exchange
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/6"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
></a>Win 95 computer/NT server environment --or--
|
||
<dd><A HREF="#tag/6"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
Shell Scripting: Getting Host and User Names
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/7"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
></a>Bad Sectors in my HDD --or--
|
||
<dd><A HREF="#tag/7"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
More on: Bad Sectors
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/8"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
></a>Please upgrade your Internet Explorer --or--
|
||
<dd><A HREF="#tag/8"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
The Presumption!
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/9"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
></a>linux --or--
|
||
<dd><A HREF="#tag/9"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
Mysterious Message: Subject: Linux
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/10"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
></a>Diamond Multimedia Modems --or--
|
||
<dd><A HREF="#tag/10"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
Reader Comments: Diamond WinModems:
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/11"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
></a>About a OPL-3 ( Yamaha driver for sound) (sorry for bad english...) --or--
|
||
<dd><A HREF="#tag/11"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
OPL-3 Sound Drivers
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/12"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>Question from an old friend.</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/14"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>[Q]: Winmodem under Linux</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/16"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
></a>how to fix a bad cluster on hd --or--
|
||
<dd><A HREF="#tag/16"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
More Bad Clusters
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/17"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
></a>proxy & router combination --or--
|
||
<dd><A HREF="#tag/17"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
Proxying over PPP
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/18"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
></a>help with partitions --or--
|
||
<dd><A HREF="#tag/18"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
Installing on a Big Drive: More on the 1023 Cylinder Limit
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/19"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
></a>Linux 5.2 Loadlin.exe, where do I get it? --or--
|
||
<dd><A HREF="#tag/19"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
Finding LOADLIN.EXE ... and Linux Loader for Win '9x
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/21"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
></a>help with partitions --or--
|
||
<dd><A HREF="#tag/21"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
Partitioning Mini-HOWTO
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/22"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(!)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>True modems</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/23"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
></a>Is it possible to run Debian on 4 MB? --or--
|
||
<dd><A HREF="#tag/23"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
Low Memory Installation
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/24"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
></a>win95->wingate ; linux->? --or--
|
||
<dd><A HREF="#tag/24"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
Drop-in Replacement for "WinGate"
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/26"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>Jim Dennis: Re: Gimp on RH5.1</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/28"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
></a>xntpd --or--
|
||
<dd><A HREF="#tag/28"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
How 'ntpdate' finds IP addresses?
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/29"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>Sportys</strong></a><dt><A HREF="#tag/30"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>souncards</strong></a><dt><A HREF="#tag/31"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
></a>Great Job !!! --or--
|
||
<dd><A HREF="#tag/31"
|
||
><strong>
|
||
Linux as a Loghost (Syslog Server)
|
||
</strong></a>
|
||
|
||
<dt><A HREF="#tag/32"
|
||
><img src="./../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" height="28" width="50"
|
||
alt="(?)" border="0"
|
||
><strong>Telnetd and pausing</strong></a><!-- index_text ends -->
|
||
</DL>
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/greeting"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="./../gx/dennis/bbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(!) " border="0"
|
||
>Greetings from Jim Dennis</H3>
|
||
<!-- begin greeting -->
|
||
<p>
|
||
I have some exciting news.
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
I'm now working for Linuxcare (<a href="http://www.linuxcare.com"
|
||
>http://www.linuxcare.com</a>) --- the Linux support company.
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
What does this mean for Linux Gazette readers of "The
|
||
Answer Guy?" I think it means some very good things.
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
Of course you might be concerned. Does this mean that
|
||
I'll be more "corporate?" Will Linuxcare come to
|
||
own "The Answer Guy" column? Will I answer all the
|
||
good questions with: "Hey, pay for that answer from
|
||
..."
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
I don't think so! I've been running a quiet little
|
||
sole proprietorship consulting service for the entire
|
||
time that I've been writing for LG. My consulting
|
||
service specialized in support and training of Linux
|
||
sysadmins. I've generally avoided "selling" my services
|
||
through this column --- and I won't start now.
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
Linuxcare has no intention of exerting any editorial
|
||
control over, and has no connection to the Linux Gazette
|
||
"Answer Guy." I might put in a disclaimer to that effect
|
||
in future issues.
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
However, the "good things" in this are:
|
||
|
||
</p><blockquote>
|
||
I can focus on technical issues rather than
|
||
worrying about billing and sales of my consulting
|
||
services. (Avoiding those is what kept
|
||
Starshine Technical Services "small" and "quiet").
|
||
|
||
</blockquote><blockquote>
|
||
Fellow techs at Linuxcare and the systems lab that
|
||
we'll be setting up will allow me to learn all the
|
||
latest and coolest stuff. My home network is
|
||
pretty big, for a *home* network (four servers
|
||
five desktop systems, and four laptops --- all on
|
||
two or three ethernet segments (depending one
|
||
what I'm doing at any given time). However,
|
||
Linuxcare will be able to do *much* more.
|
||
|
||
</blockquote><blockquote>
|
||
In the past I've "shooed off" some classes of
|
||
questions --- particularly regarding X Windows
|
||
configuration and similar items. I'm a self-admitted
|
||
"curses curmudgeon" and prefer to stay out of X when
|
||
I can. Surrounded by younger techs, many of whom are
|
||
more enamored of the modern GUIs --- I'll soak up
|
||
quite a bit of knowlege on these topics by osmosis.
|
||
|
||
</blockquote><p>
|
||
For those times when I'm actually on the phones --- I'll
|
||
probably get quite a lot of LG done. I spent years in
|
||
technical support at places like Quarterdeck and Symantec's
|
||
Peter Norton Group. I can do phone support while reading
|
||
netnews, and writing e-mail.
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
So, for my loyal fans (I know there are a few of you --
|
||
I met one on the Caltrain the other day; "Hi, John"),
|
||
Don't worry. Be happy. Another Linux hobbyist can do what
|
||
he loves and support himself doing it.
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
(BTW: Linuxcare is hiring. If you are in the SF Bay Area
|
||
and have a couple years of extensive and technical Linux
|
||
expertise --- check out their web site).
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
What does this mean for my other projects?
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
I'll be giving my tutorial on "Linux Security for
|
||
System Administrators" at LinuxWorld Expo by the time you
|
||
read this (9:00am Monday, March 1st). If that is successful
|
||
I may be giving similar (and updated) talks at future Linux
|
||
events. (LinuxWorld has already inquired about my availability
|
||
for their next show). For any of you that are going to
|
||
LinuxWorld Expo in San Jose, CA --- drop by Linuxcare's
|
||
booth and meet me.
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
I'm still working on my book ("Linux Systems Administration"
|
||
--- though the work is going a bit slower than I, my publishers
|
||
and my co-author would like. The goods news there is that my
|
||
co-author, M, is really taking charge of the scheduling
|
||
and development of the manuscript. Also the couple of hours
|
||
a day that I spend on the train with my laptop (from Campbell
|
||
up into SF city and back) will help keep me focused on this
|
||
and stop me from drifting e-mail, netnews, and slashdot as
|
||
I'm wont to do from home.
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
I'm still teaching one class (weekly on Saturdays)
|
||
at Mission College (Unix Shell Programming). I hope to
|
||
continue doing that for the foreseeable future as well.
|
||
My students were worried for the first couple of classes
|
||
(as I was adjusting the level of discussion to their
|
||
background). However, they seem to be catching on at this
|
||
point and we have several more weeks to show them all the
|
||
really cool things you can do with a Unix/Linux shell.
|
||
(Yes, we've told them all about getting copies of Linux and/or
|
||
FreeBSD to play with at home and at their offices. The
|
||
school lab current runs on Sun Solaris systems --- though
|
||
Linux is being installed in some of the college's new labs.
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
I'm really surprised at how busy I've gotten this year. I
|
||
was supposed to just work on the book and let Heather support
|
||
me (mostly). (Incidentally, Heather has resigned from her
|
||
full-time position and may be interested in quality, Bay Area
|
||
offers in the near future).
|
||
|
||
</p><p>
|
||
So, enough of all this "chaos manor" stuff. Let's go
|
||
on to this month's selection of technical questions...
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end greeting -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/1"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 1 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>FTP Only Access: Trickier than it Seems</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From chris on Fri, 29 Jan 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
FTP Only Access: Trickier than it Seems
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
i was recently reading your article in the december issue of
|
||
linuxgazzette regarding setting up users for FTP access only.
|
||
<em>[titled "<a href="../issue35/tag/ftproot.html"
|
||
>FTP Login as 'root' --- Don't!</a> -- Heather]</em>
|
||
i ran into this problem about a month ago and putting a <tt>*</tt> in front
|
||
of the password entry in the <TT>/etc/passwd</TT> file fixed the problem.
|
||
no telnet/login access, but ftp access. is there something i dont
|
||
know that prevents this from being a simple solution?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
chris.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
"Starring out" the password field (the one between
|
||
the second and third colons on that users line in
|
||
<TT>/etc/passwd</TT>) should also prevent FTP access (unless
|
||
your FTP daemon uses some other form of account
|
||
management and authentication).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Locking out the "shell" field (the last one) by
|
||
setting it to <TT>/bin/false</TT> (if <TT>/bin/false</TT> is actually
|
||
a compiled binary --- NOT the traditional shell script)
|
||
or to a simple compiled program that does a '<TT>printf()</TT>' or
|
||
'<TT>write()</TT>' and an '<TT>exit()</TT>') will prevent telnet access.
|
||
However it might not prevent '<tt>rsh</tt>' and it certainly
|
||
won't limit the user "just" to FTP.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The clever user can post all sorts of <tt>.forward</tt>, <tt>.procmail</tt>
|
||
and other files to his or her home directory (using
|
||
FTP) and these "magic" files can be used to run arbitrary
|
||
commands (generally under that user's ID) on behalf of
|
||
the user. Thus I could post a <tt>.forward</tt> file that
|
||
"forwarded" my mail through a program (using the piping
|
||
feature that most installations of '<tt>sendmail</tt>' are
|
||
configured to support). My program can issue
|
||
commands like '<tt>chsh</tt>' (to change my shell to something
|
||
that I can use).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
There are many "magic" files. I can use FTP to create
|
||
a <tt>.ssh</tt> directory and put in the <tt>.ssh/authorized_keys</tt>
|
||
which will then let me '<tt>ssh</tt>' into the system (if you're
|
||
running an ssh daemon). Not only are there many of these
|
||
--- but more of them are added as we create new
|
||
protocols and services.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
So, you really need to do more than just set their
|
||
shell to '<TT>/usr/local/bin/noshell</TT>' or '<tt>goaway</tt>'
|
||
or '<TT>/bin/sync</TT>' That's why I suggest using a replacement
|
||
to the standard old BSD FTP daemon. Go read the article again for that.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 1 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/2"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 2 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Another "No Login" Problem</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Spiros Alexiou on Fri, 29 Jan 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Thanks for your help.
|
||
I am attaching a small file with more info.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
It looks to me like the root of the problem is that the RH graphical
|
||
tool does NOT encrypt the user account passwords, though root
|
||
for example is encrypted. So either I missed something in the RH
|
||
documentation, it is missing, or there is a bug, if what I think is
|
||
right(please let me know).
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
If that is the case, I need to either run some additional tool that
|
||
will encrypt the passwords or else remove the users and create the
|
||
accounts by adduser
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Please let me know if this sheds some light
|
||
<br>Spiros Alexiou
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
P.S. do you have IP for ssc.com? My other mailer does not know that
|
||
address
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
It would be very unwise to attempt to mail your message
|
||
to an IP address. Internet mail processing using
|
||
a different sort of DNS resource record than other
|
||
TCP/IP protocols --- is uses MX records. If your mailer
|
||
can properly pass the mail to a "smarthost" and can't
|
||
properly handle the requisite MX resolution then you
|
||
just shouldn't use it (or you should get it "fixed").
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
<!-- ::<BlockQuote>
|
||
Another <A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat</A> "No Login" Problem
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
</BlockQuote>:: -->
|
||
<FONT COLOR="#000099"><EM>
|
||
<BR>>I have RH 5.0 (2.0.32). Using their graphic tool, I created two
|
||
<BR>><TT>/home</TT> accounts, me and guest, assigned UID and GID's and set
|
||
<BR>>passwords. The problem is, I can only log in as root. I looked for
|
||
<BR>>.nologin files, there seem to be none. I am attaching my
|
||
<BR>><TT>/etc/fstab</TT> files. Thus, at the linux prompt If I try to login as
|
||
<BR>>any of these two users,
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000099"><EM>
|
||
<BR>>I am denied entry(back to the prompt). This is not an issue of
|
||
<BR>>case sensitive.
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000099"><EM>
|
||
<BR>>Any ideas of what I am doing wrong?
|
||
<BR>>Sincerely, S.Alexiou
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockquote><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM><IMG
|
||
SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
I have NO idea. I've gotten a rash of different reports of
|
||
this sort. All involve Red Hat usually right after new
|
||
installations --- no login from console, no login over
|
||
telnet, no login as root, no login as anyone other than
|
||
root.
|
||
</EM></FONT></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
Nice to know I'm not alone...
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockquote><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM><IMG
|
||
SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
Unfortunately all of these cases, so far, are being reported
|
||
to me incompletely. Only sparse details ahve been provided
|
||
(as above). I've mailed off troubleshooting suggestions and
|
||
recieved no followup to explain them.
|
||
</EM></FONT></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM>
|
||
So, I don't get it.
|
||
</EM></FONT></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM>
|
||
You said you used their graphical tool to create two
|
||
new accounts. One was named "guest" and the other
|
||
was some sort of user name for yourself.
|
||
</EM></FONT></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
Yes, since I use the PC as a workstation and do not care about having
|
||
other users, using it as a web server etc, the second account was the
|
||
shortest possible account I could think of, "me"
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockquote><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM><IMG
|
||
SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
You also said you set the passwords for these two accounts.
|
||
</EM></FONT></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
Yes, I did (see below)
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockquote><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM><IMG
|
||
SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
Let's try this: edit your passwd file. I personally
|
||
prefer to use vipw for that --- but Red Hat 5.0 had a
|
||
broken '<tt>vipw</tt>' command (immediate segfault) and my fresh
|
||
installation of 5.2 also has a broken 'vipw' command
|
||
(needed to add a symlink from <TT>/bin/vi</TT> to <TT>/usr/bin/vi</TT>
|
||
--- GRRR!). So, just use your favorite editor and
|
||
keep a rescue floppy handy in case you reboot the system
|
||
with a corrupt <TT>/etc/passwd</TT> file.
|
||
</EM></FONT></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
Wait, do I need a rescue disk? My hard disk are IDE, not SCSI and I
|
||
am supposed to only need to RH boot diskette. right? If I do need a
|
||
resue disk, can I create it without reinstalling? At any rate, I try
|
||
to be very careful when I edit root stuff, but it's better to be safe..
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Here is my <TT>/etc/passwd</TT> file
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<pre><strong>> root:hASh-OMitTed:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
|
||
> bin:*:1:1:bin:/bin:
|
||
> daemon:*:2:2:daemon:/sbin:
|
||
> postgres:!!:100:101:PostreSQL Server:/var/lib/pgsql:/bin/bash
|
||
> me:notencrypted:500:500:Red Hat Linux User,,,,:/home/me:/bin/bash
|
||
> guest:sanitized:501:501:Red Hat Linux User,,,,:/home/guest:/bin/bash
|
||
</strong></pre>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Incredible. It's amazing to think that this
|
||
tool is that bad!
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
You will notice that the root password is encrypted , while the me
|
||
and guest passwords are not. Actually the root and me have the same
|
||
password But I do not recall any warnings about that in the RH graphic
|
||
user creation. BTW, for the record, I did at one point reinstall
|
||
and created the same guest and me accounts I had created originally,
|
||
but I was unable to login as anything but root even with the original
|
||
installation Also, for the record, I do have some problems with my
|
||
XF86Config, but unless you believe this to be important( should not,
|
||
as the graphic tool showed no problems), I may bother you another time
|
||
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> Finally the UID and GID were assigned by the graphic tool, I just
|
||
acepted what was there. Let me also add, that when I looked at the
|
||
corresponding <TT>/etc/passwd</TT> file in a large AIX machine
|
||
(I was just a user,
|
||
not administrator) all I could see of course were ! for password field,
|
||
but other than that the password file looks ok to me.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockquote><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM><IMG
|
||
SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
Try setting the account
|
||
passwords to something simple like just "<tt>x</tt>" --- and
|
||
use the <TT>/bin/passwd</TT> command, not any sort of curses
|
||
or GUI front end. Consider removing '<tt>linuxconf</tt>'
|
||
(for troubleshooting).
|
||
</EM></FONT></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
Haven't done ths yet. I am not sure what troubleshooting I would
|
||
do to remove linuxconf.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockquote><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM><IMG
|
||
SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
If you're using shadow passwords try running <tt>pwunconv</tt>
|
||
and if you're not, try running <tt>pwconv</tt> (to convert
|
||
your passwd file to or from shadow format).
|
||
</EM></FONT></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
Will try that. Just please let me know, if you also think that
|
||
the problem is that the guest and me passwords are not encrypted.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Please, let me know if you figure out what's doing it.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
Umm! I don't know what sort of GUI user admin tool
|
||
this is --- but don't use it to set initial passwords!
|
||
Just go to a root shell prompt and issue the command:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BlockQuote><Code>
|
||
passwd me
|
||
</Code></BlockQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
... and set the initial password for that account
|
||
using the traditional old terminal command for the
|
||
purpose. Then do the same for your personal account.
|
||
Then report the bug to whoever maintains the tool you
|
||
were using.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 2 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/3"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 3 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/bbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(!) " border="0"
|
||
>A Reader Answers: What is the TCP/IP SACK feature?</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Tom Kludy on Thu, 04 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
A Reader Answers: What is the TCP/IP SACK feature?
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM><IMG
|
||
SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
What is the TCP/IP SACK feature? What does it do?
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockquote><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
SACK = Selective ACKnowledgement. It is an extension to TCP/IP
|
||
which allows you to acknowledge reception of specific packets.
|
||
(read on)
|
||
</STRONG></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM><IMG
|
||
SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
Why do we need/want it?
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockquote><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
When sending a group of packets across a network, you need the
|
||
receiver to acknowledge those packets that are received. TCP
|
||
without SACK simply acknowledges the last packet that was
|
||
received. (Actually, the ACK has the number of the next packet
|
||
requested, but that's neither here nor there). However, with TCP
|
||
there are usually several packets in transit between the source
|
||
and destination at any one time. That means that the source will
|
||
not recognize that the destination has dropped a packet until it
|
||
sees the same ACK several times (4, I think) or until a timeout
|
||
has passed. It then resends the packet that has been dropped.
|
||
</STRONG></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><STRONG>
|
||
Let's say that there is are 10 packets in route between the source
|
||
and destination. Along the line, packets 1,2,3, and 4 are
|
||
received, and ACKed. Packet 5 is dropped, but all other packets
|
||
are delivered successfully (6,7,8,etc). The receiver will ACK 5
|
||
upon receiving 4, 6, 7, 8, etc. But since there are 10 packets in
|
||
transit between source and destination, the receiver won't see the
|
||
repeating ACKs until it has sent all packets up to about packet 25
|
||
(since, at the same time the receiver should be receiving packet
|
||
5, the sender is sending packet 15 (5+10), plus the 10 packet
|
||
delay until the sender gets the ACK).
|
||
</STRONG></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><STRONG>
|
||
At this point, the sender finally knows that packet 5 has been
|
||
dropped, and resends it. But it doesn't know that the receiver
|
||
has successfully received packets 6 through 25. So, it must wait
|
||
until the receiver gets the new packet 5, and returns "ACK 26",
|
||
before it knows where to restart. It will take 20
|
||
packet-transmission times to get this ACK (or, one whole
|
||
round-trip-time). As you can guess, this slows things down
|
||
considerably. SACK allows the receiver to say "I've missed packet
|
||
5, but I've received packets 6-25". This allows a much quicker
|
||
transmission restart, since the source knows within a 1/2
|
||
round-trip-time where to resume transmission (instead of a whole
|
||
round-trip-time).
|
||
</STRONG></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM><IMG
|
||
SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
It the Linux implementation any better or worse than others? (Or
|
||
is it some feature where you pretty much either have it or you
|
||
don't and there is no "better" or "worse")?
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockquote><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
I think it falls under "there is no better or worse", except that
|
||
if the underlying TCP implementation is more efficient, then SACK
|
||
might help even more..
|
||
</STRONG></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><STRONG>
|
||
Hope I have answered the answer guy
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
Please note that this is
|
||
all from memory, as I haven't dealt with this in quite a while.
|
||
</STRONG></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><STRONG>
|
||
-Tom Kludy
|
||
</STRONG></blockquote>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Yes. Your answer was perfect. I'm forwarding
|
||
it to my editors as is.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 3 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/4"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 4 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Unable to Open Console: After "Custom" Install</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Bob Miller on Thu, 04 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
More on: Unable to Open Console: After "Custom" Install
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
This sounds more like the kernel is being told to use the wrong
|
||
partition for root than a package problem.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
That would be in the category of "There's no <TT>/dev/</TT>
|
||
directory with the proper <tt>tty*</tt> nodes available."
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Either of these would cause the problem. As I recall
|
||
I recommended booting from floppy, checking the
|
||
filesystem that he was trying to mount as root. If
|
||
that is inconsistent with his kernel's '<tt>rdev</tt>' or his
|
||
<TT>/etc/lilo.conf</TT> parameters --- it would explain the problem
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Another, more convoluted possibility is that he has
|
||
a problem with his '<tt>initrd</tt>' image (if he's using
|
||
an initial RAMDisk to store and load some of his
|
||
critical device drivers).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Hopefully he's worked it out. I realize my response
|
||
might not have been all that clear. Sometimes I have
|
||
to beat it back and forth with a correspondent a couple
|
||
of times before I "get it" --- sometimes that has more to
|
||
do with sleep deprivation than with technical background or
|
||
communications failures.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 4 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/5"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 5 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>"Integrating" Linux/sendmail with MS Exchange</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Kevin Harrison on Fri, 05 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
"Integrating" Linux/sendmail with MS Exchange
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
jim;
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Kia Ora from Auckland , New Zealand
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I have inherited a box with Linux installed on it and we wish to integrate
|
||
the linux email (using <tt>sendmail</tt>) with the dreaded
|
||
ms-exchange which runs
|
||
on NT....the main reason is so that LAN clients can receive email
|
||
notifications from jobs that will run on the linux box.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Are there any quick guides out there on this procedure..
|
||
<br>thanks mate
|
||
<br>Kevin Harrison, Downunder
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
There should be no special work in this regard.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Let's assume that your domain was "<tt>downunder.nz</tt>"
|
||
and that you MS Exchange server is configured as
|
||
the primary "<tt>MX</tt>" host for that domain (meaning that
|
||
all outside mail to "foo@downunder.nz" gets directed
|
||
to it). Let's say your Linux system is named <tt>penguin</tt>.
|
||
So you can create an <tt>MX</tt> record for <tt>penguin.downunder.nz</tt>
|
||
and mail to foo@penguin.downunder.nz will go to the
|
||
Linux system rather than the MS Exchange server (which
|
||
we'll call "<tt>msnail</tt>" --- <g>for "MS Nt mAIL"</g>
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=";)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Now mail coming <EM>from</EM> penguin, to <A HREF="mailto:foo@downunder.nz"
|
||
>foo@downunder.nz</A> will
|
||
go automatically to <tt>msnail.downunder.nz</tt> where MS Exchange
|
||
will mangle it.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
A better approach is to point your primary <tt>MX</tt> record to
|
||
<tt>penguin</tt>. Penguin can then have a large aliases file for all
|
||
of the users and accounts that exist in your domain ---
|
||
directing the mail to the more specific hosts on which those
|
||
users get their mail. Thus all the MS Outlook and MS Mail
|
||
users could get their mail from <tt>msnail</tt>, while your Linux
|
||
users can get theirs directly from <tt>penguin</tt> (either via
|
||
POP/IMAP or by logging in to their shell account and reading
|
||
mail with '<tt>elm</tt>', '<tt>pine</tt>', '<tt>mutt</tt>',
|
||
or any mailer they like.
|
||
You heavy volume mail users who are using MS Outlook can
|
||
still get their mail directly from <tt>penguin</tt> (via POP).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The main advantages to this approach:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BlockQuote>
|
||
Your Linux system probably has a much higher
|
||
stability and capacity than NT on comparable
|
||
hardware. So your high volume mail users
|
||
won't be bringing down the system for everyone
|
||
else. (It's very hard to flood a modern Linux
|
||
system with just e-mail).
|
||
</BlockQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
You have simple remote configuration and management
|
||
of your mail routing (telnet in and edit your
|
||
<TT>/etc/aliases</TT> file, then run '<tt>newaliases</tt>').
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
You can easily create "magic accounts" like
|
||
"info@downunder.nz" which feed into autoresponder
|
||
scripts (presumably in the simple procmail
|
||
scripting language).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
You have no licensing constraints, costs or
|
||
restrictions. If you want to add a hundred
|
||
new e-mail users, or a thousand --- you just
|
||
create the accounts on penguin and have your
|
||
account holders point their favorite mail readers
|
||
(Netscape Communicator, Pegasus, Eudora, even
|
||
MS Outlook) at it.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
You have relatively easy and <EM>free</EM> access to
|
||
a number of evolving anti-spam systems (such as
|
||
the RBL (real-time blackhole list). I haven't
|
||
heard of any patches or modules for MS Exchange
|
||
to enable RBL support --- and I suspect that
|
||
MS would only provide such services on a fee-driven
|
||
subscription basis (rather than as a community
|
||
service, like Paul Vixie is doing with the RBL).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The difference between these two approaches:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BlockQuote>
|
||
In the first case we set up a different <tt>MX</tt> record
|
||
for <tt>penguin</tt>. Anyone who needed to send mail <EM>to</EM> an
|
||
account on that system needed to use the full name:
|
||
foo@penguin.downunder.nz. Mail to
|
||
foo@downunder.nz
|
||
would go to the <tt>msnail</tt> host. You might have some
|
||
options for autoforwarding from the MS box --- but
|
||
you'd have to talk to your MS wizards on how to do
|
||
it. It probably involves filling in some GUI dialog
|
||
somewhere (requiring you to work at its console) and
|
||
its probably subject to MS pricing and licensing ---
|
||
i.e. you're paying extra for each account.
|
||
</BlockQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
In the second case we reverse that: Mail defaults
|
||
to landing on <tt>penguin</tt>. The further routing from
|
||
there is trivial (since <tt>sendmail</tt>, <tt>aliases</tt> and
|
||
<tt>.forward</tt> files have been used by the majority of
|
||
the Internet for over 20 years).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
In summary: MS Exchange can recieve SMTP (Internet mail)
|
||
so there is no trick to "integrating" them with '<tt>sendmail</tt>'
|
||
'<tt>qmail</tt>' or other Internet MTAs (mail transport agents).
|
||
I've heard some people complain about MS Exchange's
|
||
behavior (generating mail with "ugly" <tt>WINMAIL.DAT</tt>
|
||
attachments that the rest of the net doesn't care for),
|
||
compliance (subtle ways that it doesn't conform to the
|
||
RFCs and implementation conventions of other systems ---
|
||
but these might be argued as a "failure to be bug
|
||
compatible" --- so those are moot), performance (more than
|
||
100 "normal" e-mail accounts, or 50 "heavy users" will
|
||
probably require considerable hardware under NT --- while
|
||
an old 386 or 486 can handle those loads under Linux), and
|
||
robustness (my household POP server has been up for over
|
||
a 125 days; I have no idea why I rebooted it 4 months ago
|
||
but I know it wasn't for any real problem --- maybe it was
|
||
when I was rewiring and cleaning out the server closet).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
So, what have you tried so far? What sorts of problems
|
||
are you encountering?
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 5 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/6"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 6 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Shell Scripting: Getting Host and User Names</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Darby Gilbert on Sat, 06 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
Shell Scripting: Getting Host and User Names
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
I am trying to write a batch file that will pick up the computer
|
||
name for the naming convention. On NT 4.0 computers, it is no
|
||
problem. Is there a way to write a batch file that will pick up
|
||
the computer name and/or user name from the computer so that it
|
||
will use it to name a file that is produced from the batch file?
|
||
I have been trying all sorts of different things and also
|
||
searching the web trying to find answers when I came accross your
|
||
page. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thank you.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Darby Gilbert
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Under Linux these (simple interpreted text programs)
|
||
are called shell scripts (they are technically not
|
||
"batch files" though the concept is the same).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
To get the current "computer name" use the '<tt>hostname</tt>'
|
||
command. To assign that to a shell or environment
|
||
variable use a command like:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BlockQuote><Code>
|
||
THISHOST=$(hostname)
|
||
</Code></BlockQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
... for the short version (in foo.example.org this
|
||
command returns just "foo"). You can use:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
||
THISHOST=$(hostname -f)
|
||
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
or:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
||
THISHOST=$(hostname --long)
|
||
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
... to get the "full" or "long" name (the host.domain
|
||
string).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
To get information about the current user (the one
|
||
running the script) we use the 'id' command. Now,
|
||
if we just use the command with no options it gives us
|
||
output like:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre> uid=500(jimd) gid=100(users)
|
||
groups=100(users),10(wheel),11(test),17(staff),
|
||
60(web),40(game)
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
(except that it's all on one line). This is informative
|
||
for interactive use --- but far too ugly for elegant script
|
||
parsing. So we use options to get just what we want:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<pre><BLOCKQUOTE><BlockQuote>
|
||
USERNAME=$(id -un)
|
||
UID=$(id -u)
|
||
PRIMARYGROUP=$(id -gn)
|
||
PRIMARYGID=$(id -g)
|
||
GROUPLIST=$(id -Gn)
|
||
GIDLIST=$(id -G)
|
||
</BlockQuote></BLOCKQUOTE></pre>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
In other words '<TT>/usr/bin/id</TT>' takes options <tt>-u</tt> (user)
|
||
<tt>-g</tt> (primary group), <tt>-G</tt> (list of groups) and <tt>-n</tt>
|
||
(names, not numeric IDs).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
So you could construct a crude e-mail address for your
|
||
user by using:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
||
MYEMAIL="`id -un`@`hostname -f`"
|
||
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
... here I've used "backticks" (accent characters) which are
|
||
the more common form of the "command substitution operator."
|
||
Normally I use the <tt>$()</tt> form which is easier to read and
|
||
nestable. I use it here only to demonstrate that they are
|
||
the same (under <tt>bash</tt> and recent Korn shells at any rate).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Here's a simple shell script that takes your list of
|
||
groups and walks through them one at a time:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>#!/bin/bash
|
||
<BR>GLIST=$(<TT>/usr/bin/id</TT> -Gn)
|
||
<BR>set -- $GLIST
|
||
<BR>while [ "$1" ]; do
|
||
<br> echo $1
|
||
<br> shift
|
||
<br>done
|
||
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
In this case I use a special form of the '<tt>set</tt>' built-in
|
||
command: which resets my list of command line arguments
|
||
to the value specified. I could do that with just:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BlockQuote><code>
|
||
set $GLIST
|
||
</code></BlockQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
... which sets <tt>$1</tt> to the first string in <tt>$GLIST</tt>
|
||
and <tt>$2</tt> to the next one, etc. That would be pretty safe in this case
|
||
(since I've never seen anyone create a group name starting
|
||
with a dash). However it is better shell scripting practice
|
||
to use the <tt>set</tt>'s <tt>--</tt> ("dash, dash") option which signifies
|
||
the end of all <EM>options</EM> to the '<tt>set</tt>' command forcing it to
|
||
consider the rest of the command line items to be
|
||
"arguments" (rather than options).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
This is probably a bit confusing if you don't know about the
|
||
'<tt>set</tt>' command. Under bash and Korn shell (at least) you can
|
||
use command like <tt>set -o noclobber</tt> (or <tt>set -C</tt>) to prevent the
|
||
overwriting of existing files with shell redirection
|
||
operators and <tt>set -o noglob</tt> (<tt>set -f</tt>) to disable filename
|
||
expansion (the conversion by the shell of <tt>*.txt</tt> into a list
|
||
of files that match that pattern). There are many other
|
||
features supported by the typical Unix shell (Bourne family).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
This discussion has focused entirely on Bourne shells.
|
||
I don't use csh/tcsh much and don't recommend it for
|
||
scripting (in which I'm in good company; see:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><dl>
|
||
<dt>Csh Programming Considered Harmful
|
||
<DD><TT>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.faqs.org/faqs/unix-faq/shell/csh-whynot/index.html"
|
||
>http://www.faqs.org/faqs/unix-faq/shell/csh-whynot/index.html</a></TT>
|
||
</dl></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 6 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/7"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 7 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>More on: Bad Sectors</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Fadel on Sat, 06 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
More on: Bad Sectors
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Dear sir,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I have bad sectors in my HDD about 35 sectors, so I can't use it,
|
||
how can I use it agine? Note: My HDD is 3.2 GB and I use windows
|
||
98
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
yours,
|
||
<br>Fadel
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Too Bad. If Windows '98 can't work around the bad
|
||
sectors you'll just after to repace the drive or replace
|
||
your OS. If the first sector on your track zero is one
|
||
of the bad ones then the drive is useless.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Why are you sending this to me, anyway. Call your
|
||
drive's manufacturer or your retailer!
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 7 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/8"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 8 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>The Presumption!</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>(Claiming to be) From Microsoft Internet Explorer Support on Sat, 06 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
The Presumption!
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Microsoft Corporation
|
||
1 Microsoft Way
|
||
Redmond, WA 98052
|
||
USA
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Dear Sir/Madam
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
As an user of the Microsoft Internet
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
^^^^
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
--- some MS Word spell-checker or "Wizard"
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
suggested this? In the literate world
|
||
we use "a user --- since the term "user"
|
||
is pronounced with a leading consonant
|
||
sound "y" as in "yoozer"
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I'm not a "yoozer" of Microsoft Internet Explorer
|
||
or any other MS product.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Explorer, Microsoft Corporation provides
|
||
you with this upgrade for your web browser.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
You're providing me with SPAM. My web browsers are
|
||
Lynx and Netscape Navigator (for Linux).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
It will fix some bugs found in your Internet
|
||
Explorer. To install the upgrade, please save
|
||
the attached file (ie0199.exe) in some folder
|
||
and run it.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
It might fix some bugs in YOUR Internet Explorer.
|
||
My methods of exploring the Internet go way beyond
|
||
web browsing and use a variety of tools and protcols.
|
||
The Web is not the Internet and MS Internet Explorer
|
||
isn't even a blip on my radar.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
For more information, please visit our
|
||
web site at www.microsoft.com/ie/
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
To comply with California State Law please don't
|
||
send any more unsolicited e-mail to this address.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
(There was a law recently enacted in my state of residence
|
||
which requires advertising to display the "ADV:" tag
|
||
on the subject line. I'm collecting violations of this
|
||
law to forward to my state attorney general's office.
|
||
I don't consider it to be an effective deterrent to
|
||
SPAM --- but they should enforce it if they're going to
|
||
pass it).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<hr width="40%">
|
||
|
||
<p><em>Interestingly enough, this message (and another reply to
|
||
it from our site) bounced. It can be reasonably suspected that
|
||
the true originator of the message was not Microsoft, but someone
|
||
trying to convince users of their products, to "upgrade" to an
|
||
infected or malicious copy. </em></p>
|
||
|
||
<p><em>As such, it's really much worse than
|
||
"SPAM" although it ia similar, in that it preys on people who
|
||
know less about their internet environment, and are willing to
|
||
take unwise risks with their assets. These folks are also least
|
||
likely to be able to take effective action to correct the problems
|
||
that result. </em></p>
|
||
|
||
<p><em>Don't get snookered -- nobody should be mailing you
|
||
a binary without some sort of authentication so you can determine
|
||
where it came from, and hat it has survived its ride through the
|
||
mail. FTP is really better for anything of reasonable size anyway.</em></p>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 8 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/9"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 9 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Mysterious Message: Subject: Linux</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From THerbic on Sat, 06 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
Mysterious Message: Subject: Linux
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
integrated e-mail, messaging, voice mail, faxing capabilities
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Yep. Linux has integrated mail, messaging, voice mail
|
||
and faxing capabilities. They all work and you
|
||
integrate them with shell, Perl, TCL/Tk and/or CGI
|
||
scripts.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 9 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/10"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 10 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Reader Comments: Diamond WinModems:</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Joseph on Sat, 06 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
Reader Comments: Diamond WinModems:
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Greetings, O Guy of Many Answers!
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
After buying a modem and not having any luck with it under Linux
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
(a dual-boot Win98 and <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</A> 2.0 system), I checked around
|
||
on the Diamond Multimedia Website. After searching for "linux,"
|
||
I was eventually referred to a nice FAQ on Traditional,
|
||
Controllerless (WinModem), and Software Modems by Diamond.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
This brought to my attention that I had bought a WinModem by
|
||
mistake. I was able to push my now-useless modem off on
|
||
relatives who were buying a computer, and I instead followed
|
||
the guide and bought a Diamond SupraExpress ISA (non-voice)
|
||
modem. I set it up manually with the jumpers on the card as
|
||
com3 and put it in. Windows kind of gawked at it at first, but
|
||
using the CD to install it instead of Windows default drivers
|
||
(as I can recall; this was a while ago), it was OK in Windows.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I installed the new modem just before leaving the country
|
||
(and my computer) behind for a semester, so I can't say exactly how
|
||
well it worked, as I was unable to try it out. However, upon
|
||
booting into Linux, I was greeted with a new detection: ttySx
|
||
(where x is some number I've now long forgotten). By this, I believe
|
||
that it is functioning and happy, however, as I said, I was unable
|
||
to test it before leaving.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
As I have been scanning around, I have found people with problems with
|
||
Diamond modems who were wondering if they are WinModems. As I found
|
||
the Diamond guide rather helpful, I thought I'd pass it along to
|
||
you, for review and further distribution.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
> For the curious, that's <CODE>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.diamondmm.com/products/white-papers/communications/c-less_paper.html"
|
||
>http://www.diamondmm.com/products/white-papers/communications/c-less_paper.html</A>
|
||
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
You can alternately find it under the "Support"->"FAQ" selection at the
|
||
top of the main page. A word of warning, however. After reading the
|
||
last issue of Linux Gazette, I have found that the PCI version of
|
||
the Diamond SupraExpress modem does not work with Linux. I cannot
|
||
verify this, but the quote was quoting <A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat</A>. (2-Cent Tips)
|
||
Hope this clearifies things somewhat.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
-Joseph
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
I still say: GET EXTERNAL MODEMS!
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
(That was always safe until recently since nobody
|
||
and really messed up RS232C so bad that you couldn't
|
||
get your modem to work with Linux. With the recent
|
||
advent of USB and the impending release of USB modems
|
||
this will not be true for much longer. However,
|
||
Linux may support USB before there are any significant
|
||
number of USB modems on the market --- so we might
|
||
squeak in).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Other than that, thanks for the pointer. I hope some
|
||
of our readers find it and learn from it.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
WinModems: "JUST SAY NO!"
|
||
(or "RMA" --- return merchandise authorization)
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 10 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/11"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 11 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>OPL-3 Sound Drivers</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Jeferson Oliveira Andeluz on Sat, 06 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
OPL-3 Sound Drivers
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
My name is Jeferson, I live in Sao Paulo, the biggest city of
|
||
Brazil...
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I seek for all web sites for this driver and I can't find one to
|
||
make a download for this driver...
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Please, if you know how can I give this driver, tell me, because
|
||
my pc doesn't have any sound and it's very boring....
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Some OPL-3 sound drivers are included in the
|
||
mainstream Linux kernel sources. You just select
|
||
them at compile time (<tt>cd /usr/src/linux; make menuconfig</tt>)
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
You can test your sound drives by finding a <tt>.wav</tt>, <tt>.mod</tt>,
|
||
<tt>.au</tt> or other sound files and issuing the '<tt>play</tt>' command
|
||
on them. (The '<tt>play</tt>' command is part of the '<tt>sox</tt>'
|
||
(sound exchange) package). This ships with most general
|
||
distributions --- though you might not have installed it.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Here's a command to find all of these sound files on
|
||
a typical Linux system:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
||
locate / | egrep "\.(au|mod|wav)$"
|
||
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
... you can do a sanity check on those with a similar
|
||
command:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
||
locate / | egrep "\.(au|mod|wav)$" | xargs file
|
||
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
... the '<tt>file</tt>' command will identify them as some form
|
||
of audio file if there contents match their filename
|
||
extensions.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Here's a sneaky little script I call 'ftype' that
|
||
filters a list of filenames based on the type reported
|
||
by the '<tt>file</tt>' command:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>#!/bin/sh
|
||
## This uses the 'file' command to filter out filenames whose
|
||
## contents don't match our spec
|
||
##
|
||
while read i ; do
|
||
file "$i" | grep -q "$*" && echo "$i"
|
||
done
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
You'd call this with a command like:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE><BlockQuote>
|
||
locate <TT>/</TT> | egrep "\.(au|mod|wav)$" | ftype audio
|
||
</BlockQuote></CODE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
... so you could play every sound on your system
|
||
with a command like:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE><BlockQuote>
|
||
locate <TT>/</TT> | egrep "\.(au|mod|wav)$" | ftype audio | xargs -l play
|
||
</BlockQuote></CODE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
(scary!)
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I've talked about sound card support before:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><dl>
|
||
<dt>The Answer Guy 34: Finding Soundcard Support
|
||
<dd><A HREF="http://www.ssc.com/lg/issue34/tag/sound.html"
|
||
>http://www.ssc.com/lg/issue34/tag/sound.html</A>
|
||
</dl>
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
So, check those links and see if that helps.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Thanks for your hear me...
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I'll wait for your reply....
|
||
Jeferson
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 11 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/12"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 12 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Question from an old friend.</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Gregg Q Reynante on Fri, 05 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Hi Jim,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
It's me, Regina's husband. Haven't had the opportunity to write
|
||
'til now. Here's my question?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I'm trying to install RH 5.2 on a Pentium 133. Here's the catch.
|
||
I have a WD SCSI 2.1 Gig HD using an Adaptec 1542CF (ISA) card.
|
||
Because of the other hardware and/or motherboard of the system, I
|
||
need to set the SCSI card to non-default settings. During the
|
||
Linux install, it's fine until it asks for SCSI devices. When I
|
||
send it to autoprobe the 1542, it tells me it's not there. In the
|
||
past I've used the SCSI card & drive in default mode and
|
||
successfully installed RH 5.1 This is an upgrade from my 486
|
||
machine, so I don't want to go back.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Any suggestions?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
First disable any BIOS/Setup "PnP" (plug and pray) features
|
||
that your system is trying to foist on you.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
If autoprobing doesn't work try passing the
|
||
kernel a hint. In the bootparam(7) man pages you'll
|
||
find details on many supported parameters. Look for
|
||
something like:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BlockQuote><Code>
|
||
aha1542=iobase[,buson,busoff[,dmaspeed]]
|
||
</Code></BlockQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
and fill in the parameters. I might use:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BlockQuote><code>
|
||
aha1542=0x320
|
||
</code></BlockQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
... for example.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
You might have to start your <A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat</A> installation in
|
||
"expert" mode so that it will prompt you for these
|
||
parameters.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Another possibility is that you have to cut a
|
||
custom kernel and put that on your RH installation/boot
|
||
floppy. This isn't too tough and it is documented
|
||
in their manual. The boot floppies used by Red Hat
|
||
are just MS-DOS formatted floppies with an MS-DOS
|
||
filesystem and a copy of the <tt>SYSLINUX</tt> boot loader.
|
||
There is a <tt>SYSLINUX.CFG</tt> file which is a bit like a
|
||
<tt>lilo.conf</tt> file on an installed system. You should have
|
||
to touch that (if you just replace the <tt>VMLINUZ</tt> file
|
||
with one of the same name).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
A Red Hat <tt>boot.img</tt> file that I have here as 24K available
|
||
on it. That's not much room --- but it might be enough for a
|
||
kernel with an extra SCSI driver built straight into it.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
And yes, I've lowered the transfer rate to 5.0, enabled sync &
|
||
parity checking on the card. I've even installed DOS, so I know it
|
||
works (or at least runs). I'm ready to turn it into an MS machine
|
||
if I can't get this up & running soon.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
TIA,
|
||
Gregg
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
My first guess would be that there is some PCI/PnP
|
||
sort of thing that's inteferring with your auto-detection.
|
||
So we bypass that with "expert" mode and tell it precisely
|
||
where our card is. We also disable PnP since that often
|
||
doesn't play well with ISA cards (like the 1542CF).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 12 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/14"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 14 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>[Q]: Winmodem under Linux</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From urryk on Sun, 07 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Hi, James!
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Whether there is any possibility to use the US Robotics Winmodem
|
||
in Linux?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I know that this incompatible device, but it is possible to
|
||
somebody it was possible it to win. Thank you for advice.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Yury with best wishes.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
You know that this device in incompatible with Linux
|
||
but you're asking me if there is any possibility of
|
||
using it with Linux.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Yes, it is currently incompatible. This is largely
|
||
because the manufacturer (of the chipset used by this
|
||
modem) will not release the programming specifications
|
||
to the public.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
So, yes there is a possibility of getting use out of
|
||
it under Linux. First, convince Rockwell Peripherals
|
||
International (or whatever their real corporate name
|
||
is) to release the specs. Then find someone who is
|
||
willing to write a driver to those specs. (You might
|
||
even convince Rockwell of the value in writing their
|
||
own Linux driver and releasing the sources to that).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I'll admit that this is only a slim possibility.
|
||
I'm sure that other Linux enthusiasts (and Mac users,
|
||
and others) have requested similar support for other
|
||
non-MS-Windows systems. My advice is threefold:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BlockQuote>
|
||
DON'T BUY WINMODEMS, WINPRINTERS OR ANY OTHER
|
||
OS-Specific Devices! (I wouldn't buy a
|
||
piece of hardware that was supported exclusively
|
||
under Linux either).
|
||
</BlockQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
DON'T BUY INTERNAL MODEMS!
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Get rid of the piece of junk you've already
|
||
got. Get an RMA. Get on a phone and scorch
|
||
the ears of everyone in the organizations that
|
||
sold, manufactured and distributed this defective
|
||
useless slag to you. Make it so expensive to
|
||
deal with your complaints that they'll clearly
|
||
understand the false economy in selling these
|
||
things. (And be polite through the whole process).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 14 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/16"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 16 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>More Bad Clusters</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Rik on Fri, 05 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
More Bad Clusters
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Hi,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Do you know how to fix a bad cluster on my hard disk cause I have
|
||
one and now I can't convert it to FAT32. I've got a Fujitsu U-DMA
|
||
1,7 GB HD I hope you can help me.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Thanks in advance
|
||
Greetingz
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Is this some kind of joke? I keep getting questions
|
||
about fixing bad clusters, marking them as bad,
|
||
unmarking them from being bad and the like. Worse, these
|
||
questions seem to come from MS Windows users who seem
|
||
to have <EM>no</EM> interest in LINUX whatsoever.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
No! I don't know how to force your machine to let you
|
||
install a FAT32 filesystem on it. I don't care how that's
|
||
done --- I use <tt>ext2</tt> filesystems and they can tolerate
|
||
and manage bad sectors (or ignore them at your peril) with
|
||
no problem (just remember to use the <tt>-c</tt> parameters to
|
||
<tt>mke2fs</tt> and <tt>e2fsck</tt>).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Please, go find a Windows Answer Guy. If you just sent
|
||
me blind e-mail and don't understand why I'm babbling about
|
||
this non-MS stuff go read some back issues of the
|
||
Linux Gazette: <A HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com</A>
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
(as you should see in my .sig)
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 16 -->
|
||
<hr width="40%">
|
||
|
||
<!-- begin 15 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>how to fix a bad cluster on hd</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Rik on Sun, 07 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Hi,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I'm sorry but I looked at altavista for bad clusters on how to fix
|
||
them and there was this message board with your e-mail adress. so
|
||
that's why I sended my message to you. sorry it would not happen
|
||
again.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Greetingz
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
I don't object to getting question (on the topics
|
||
that are relevant to Linux Gazette). However, it is
|
||
irritating when those people who find my messages in
|
||
Alta Vista don't <EM>read what I said</EM>.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I've never said that I could "fix bad clusters" ---
|
||
so anything you read that was by me didn't say that.
|
||
Indeed it almost certainly said almost exactly the same
|
||
thing I told you.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Noting that this Alta Vista record made reference to
|
||
linuxgazette.com you have to follow up and look at
|
||
the "Linux Gazette's" web pages (where you'll find
|
||
it's own search feature --- which should should
|
||
have made it obvious who I am and what I do).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I use Yahoo! and Alta Vista (and Deja News and Google
|
||
and others) extensively. I occasionally even send
|
||
messages to people who I find therein. However, I
|
||
do that as a last resort.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Also when contacting someone for the first time, courtesy
|
||
demands that you introduce yourself. Nothing elaborate
|
||
but something like:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<table width="80%" border="1"><tr><td>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BlockQuote>
|
||
Answer Guy,
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I was searching Alta Vista looking for ways
|
||
to solve the problems I'm having with bad blocks
|
||
and Windows '98 on my new/old/whatever hard
|
||
drive.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I found the following message from you:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BlockQuote><BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
...[SHORT quote/excerpt]...
|
||
</BlockQuote></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
</td></tr></table>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
... and then you can go on to ask your question.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
That's only common courtesy --- which is unfortunately
|
||
all too uncommon these days.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
So, if you ever have questions about Linux --- including
|
||
questions about how to make it work with NT, '9x, MacOS,
|
||
or other systems, feel free to send them to me. Please
|
||
search through the appropriate newsgroups, mailing lists
|
||
HOWTOs, FAQs, and try the search feature on
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com"
|
||
>http://www.linuxgazette.com</A> to see if I've answered this
|
||
question before (or especially if any of our other
|
||
contributors have written feature articles or 2-cent
|
||
tips or other material on the subject).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
For problems with a piece of equipment --- talk to your
|
||
retailer or its manufacturer first. For problems which
|
||
don't relate to Linux --- look for forums that focus on
|
||
the one at hand. When dealing with Microsoft products
|
||
remember the level of support you've been getting before
|
||
purchasing any more of them.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 15 -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/17"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 17 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Proxying over PPP</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From prashant on Thu, 11 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
Proxying over PPP
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Hi Answerguy,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I am using <A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat</A> Linux.And I want to install a proxy server.
|
||
I have a modem can configure ppp over that.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
But i want that proxy to do the following functions:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG><ol>
|
||
<li>It should optimize my ppp connection.
|
||
(<tt>webproxy-1.3</tt> does provides this)
|
||
|
||
<li>As this webproxy doesn't handle cache.A cache manager
|
||
'Squid' must be installed.
|
||
|
||
<li>Also it doesn't supports many protocols. So
|
||
I want a router linked it
|
||
</ol></STRONG></P>
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I dont know how i am going to do this please help me.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
yours
|
||
<br>Prashant Deshpande.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Your list mixes needs with conclusions. I don't
|
||
recommend that when doing "requirements analysis" as
|
||
you'll probably end up with some inappropriate constraints.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
If I understand it correctly you want to "optimize"
|
||
your PPP connection in the sense that you want to
|
||
minimize the traffic flowing over it, and the latency
|
||
between requests and responses.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I'm not familiar with a package named "<tt>webproxy-1.3</tt>" --- but
|
||
any caching/proxy will tend to lessen the traffic depending
|
||
on your usage patterns and the co-operation of the sites
|
||
that you access over these protocols. Squid is probably the
|
||
most advanced caching proxying available --- and it's
|
||
designed to peer with other ICP (Internet Caching Protocol)
|
||
servers, (potentially minimizing traffic over other links,
|
||
further out on the Internet, beyond your PPP link while also
|
||
minimizing latency).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I don't understand item three at all. What doesn't support
|
||
many protcocols? Squid supports a number of protocols
|
||
(all those that are amenable to caching, that I can think
|
||
of). Also the conclusion: "So I want a router linked it"
|
||
is completely bogus. A <EM>router</EM> does <EM>routing</EM>, a
|
||
proxy does proxying and caching. These functions operate
|
||
at different (though sometimes blurred) levels in the
|
||
OSI reference model.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
If you use your Linux system as a "gateway" to the Internet
|
||
for any systems other than itself (if it has an ethernet
|
||
and a PPP link or any other combination of two or more
|
||
non-loopback interfaces) than it probably <EM>is</EM> acting as a
|
||
router.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
So, let's step back from the constraints implied by these
|
||
extraneous comments and focus on what you want.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
You could do some protocol analysis on your PPP link to
|
||
determine what protocols are consuming which percentages
|
||
of the bandwidth; and to determine the average latency
|
||
among various protocols. This would help you focus on
|
||
which protocols are likely to benefit the most from
|
||
caching. It's also possible you might find other ways
|
||
to help improve your utilization.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Without going into gory details of using '<tt>tcpdump</tt>' and
|
||
performing data analysis on that we can suggest that you
|
||
start with the basics.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Run a caching nameserver on your PPP/router. This should
|
||
immediately improve response time and reduce bandwidth
|
||
utilization by obviating the need to forward/route DNS
|
||
queries across the link. Make sure to configure the
|
||
<TT>/etc/resolv.conf</TT> (or its equivalent on your non-Unix
|
||
systems) to actually use your caching nameserver. That
|
||
includes the <tt>resolv.conf</tt> on the router/gateway itself!
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Install Squid and configure your web browsers and any
|
||
gopher, WAIS, or other supported clients to use it. That
|
||
should help with those web sites that don't egregiously
|
||
prevent caching. Note that some sites use HTTP headers
|
||
(Pragmas) to eliminate or minimize caching of their pages.
|
||
This is often done by "advertising" supported sites as part
|
||
of their "imprint" accounting and to support their high
|
||
traffic claims (to their customers). That is BAD for the
|
||
Internet as a whole (since it forces every link between
|
||
those sites and all of their clients to carry redundant
|
||
traffic). Oh well! There goes the neighborhood!
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
After you've taken these two steps (and provided your
|
||
caching proxy/router with LOTS of disk space and memory) you
|
||
should monitor the line performance (informally) to see if
|
||
that meets your needs. You've probably gained 80-90% of the
|
||
potential efficiency gains already --- so additional work
|
||
will have diminishing returns.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
You can install DeleGate for FTP proxying (I don't know how
|
||
to make "normal" FTP clients talk to Squid's FTP proxying
|
||
--- but they can be configured to use DeleGate as you'd use
|
||
any SOCKS proxy, and you can "manually" traverse a DeleGate
|
||
FTP or telnet proxy in a way that's conceptually similar to
|
||
the old TIS FWTK (though completely different, and much
|
||
cleaner, in syntax).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
That's probably about as far as you can go with simple
|
||
proxying. From there you'll have to change the mixture of
|
||
protocols you run, and/or optimize the way you work. For
|
||
example if you have e-mail flowing over that PPP link you
|
||
might reconfigure that to "Hold" (as "expensive") and queue
|
||
it for delivery during off peak hours.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
You might even reconfigure your e-mail and any netnews
|
||
traffic (both outgoing and incoming) to go through UUCP.
|
||
UUCP allows you to "grade" your traffic, and to schedule the
|
||
delivery and receipt. This can include file transfers as
|
||
well as mail and news. Naturally you'd have to arrange for
|
||
some ISP to provide your UUCP batching for you. There are
|
||
still some ISPs that specialize in this, and there are still
|
||
some co-operative arrangements available in some localities.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
These techniques have a very steep learning curve. No one
|
||
has been providing WYSI new front ends to make the
|
||
configuration of UUCP links as easy as common PPP scenarios
|
||
are today. Also there are very few ISPs with the expertise
|
||
and interest to provide these services. In addition the
|
||
entire discussion is moot if you aren't carrying netnews,
|
||
email, or file-transfer traffic over your link (if you don't
|
||
read netnews, you've arranged ISP POP accounts on the other
|
||
side of your link and your file transfers can't be scheduled
|
||
and automated with UUCP).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Another option is to look at your work and access patterns.
|
||
If you know that you're going to want to read "Linux Weekly
|
||
News" every Thursday morning when you come in, create a <tt>cron</tt>
|
||
job to '<tt>wget</tt>' or do a '<tt>lynx -traversal</tt>' of
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.lwn.net"
|
||
>http://www.lwn.net</A> every Thursday morning at 3:00am (before
|
||
you come in, but still in the "dead of the night). The LWN
|
||
crew seems to consistently have that up by about midnight
|
||
(U.S. Mountain time). You could have similar daily jobs for
|
||
your "Dilbert" fix (<A HREF="http://www.unitedmedia.com/dilbert"
|
||
>http://www.unitedmedia.com/dilbert</A>)
|
||
etc.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
There are some tricks you can do to minimize the amount of
|
||
your bandwidth you devote to downloading advertising and
|
||
graphics. One method is to use Lynx (which doesn't download
|
||
<EM>any</EM> graphics by default, and therefore filters out most
|
||
banner ads). Another is to create your own "localhost"
|
||
aliases for some sites like "<tt>click.net</tt>" --- sites which are
|
||
used exclusively to serve banner ads that are embedded in
|
||
the HTML of the sites you visit. Of course, the
|
||
advertisers, web site maintainers (like Yahoo!) and
|
||
click.net itself might complain that you are "depriving"
|
||
them of revenue by viewing these advertiser supported pages
|
||
while filtering out the advertsing.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
If a statistically significant number of users employ these
|
||
strategies then we'll see a resulting "arms race" to force
|
||
the advertisments down your throat. They'll increasingly
|
||
"mix" the advertising and content as inextricably as
|
||
possible --- meaning that text browsers and search engines
|
||
will become useless.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
It's a pity that more of us don't consider the implications
|
||
of advertiser supported media on our lives. Your broadcast
|
||
news, TV, radio, newspapers and other periodical
|
||
publications are all completely funded by advertising and
|
||
therefore fundamentally suspect in regards to content and
|
||
focus. Its not a "conspiracy" theory --- merely and
|
||
economic fact. You get what was paid for. Since you didn't
|
||
"pay for" the content that you're receiving through
|
||
traditional media (and increasingly for Internet "content")
|
||
--- you have little or no say in what's provided over them.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
You have obscure indirect effects by your selection of
|
||
products and services and somewhat more by complaint (to
|
||
government and regulatory bodies and to sponsors). It's all
|
||
very "negative" (in a philosophical sense). It's a pity we
|
||
haven't come up with a better way to do things --- though
|
||
the Internet's netnews, mailing lists, and the personally
|
||
and "activist" run and maintained web sites continue to be a
|
||
"ray of hope."
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
In any event: That's about all there is to caching
|
||
and proxying for small sites over PPP and other
|
||
low-bandwidth links. Larger internetwork sites might
|
||
benefit from more elaborate ICP arrangments (peering
|
||
among departmental Squid servers and creating a whole
|
||
caching hierarchy).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Remember that this is not a magic bullet.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
It's possible that your usage patterns actually won't
|
||
benefit from caching or proxying. If everyone on your
|
||
network is always visiting <EM>different</EM> sites, and they only
|
||
visit sites that change frequently --- then the cache will
|
||
be a waste of your systems memory and disk space.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Best of luck!
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 17 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/18"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 18 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Installing on a Big Drive: More on the 1023 Cylinder Limit</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From ariel lh on Fri, 12 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
Installing on a Big Drive: More on the 1023 Cylinder Limit
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Hi!, i have a 6.4Gb Western Digital HDD partitioned with EZ-Drive
|
||
(version 9.03w) into 4 partitions (3 of 1.95Gb and one 117Mb). The
|
||
first one has MS-Windows and the other 3 partitions are
|
||
empty. I've read lots of info about installing linux on large HDD,
|
||
because it has to be installed below the 1024 cylinders.... i must
|
||
tell you that i don't understand anything about this nor
|
||
partitions. How would i know is i can install linux in any of the
|
||
other partitions?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Thanks
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Linux doesn't have to be installed below the 1023 cylinder
|
||
boundary. It doesn't have to be installed on the first
|
||
or second hard drive. Linux can be installed in many
|
||
different ways across all sorts of devices. (Indeed
|
||
its possible to install Linux on a remote hard drive
|
||
and to a boot over the network mounting the root filesystem
|
||
via NFS).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
There are two rules regarding a Linux installation:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><ol>
|
||
<li>The kernel must get loaded (by a supported
|
||
system into a sufficient block of memory)
|
||
<li>The kernel must be able to access a root filesystem
|
||
somewhere.
|
||
</ol></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The first requirement is generally thought to mean that
|
||
you must install Linux where a typical PC BIOS can "find"
|
||
it. Thus the commonly repeated "1024 cylinder" problem.
|
||
Old BIOS' couldn't access beyond the 1024th cylinder
|
||
(numbered 0 through 1023, naturally). This was a BIOS
|
||
limitation and it applies to all operating systems.
|
||
However, some of them (like NT and OS/2) get around that
|
||
by using a "protected mode" (32-bit) boot loader. This
|
||
generally requires that these systems create a small
|
||
1 or two Mb mini-partition. Linux doesn't require
|
||
this.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The most commonly used boot loader for Linux (LILO)
|
||
is a small real mode program. It therefore must work
|
||
with the BIOS to load a Linux kernel. Another common
|
||
loader is Syslinux. This installs a suitable boot loader
|
||
into an MS-DOS (FAT) formatted floppy. Yet another
|
||
option is <tt>LOADLIN.EXE</tt>, a DOS program for loading Linux
|
||
(from a common DOS batch file, or from the DOS <tt>CONFIG.SYS</tt>
|
||
--- via a <tt>SHELL=</tt> or <tt>INSTALL=</tt> directive).
|
||
<tt>LOADLIN.EXE</tt> is
|
||
currently included with a newer package called <tt>Linux_Load95</tt>
|
||
--- which is a Win '9x loader.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The easiest way to address the situation you've described
|
||
is to use <tt>LOADLIN.EXE</tt> --- let it load your kernel.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
You can do your initial installation by booting off of
|
||
a CD (assuming you get one of the distributions that's
|
||
shipped on a bootable CD --- which would be approximately
|
||
all of them within the last couple of years). After the
|
||
installation is complete (most distributions don't offer
|
||
direct <tt>LOADLIN.EXE</tt> support) --- you'd copy your Linux
|
||
kernel to some directory under one of your DOS/Windows
|
||
filesystems. Then you boot into MS-DOS (Win '9x "Safe
|
||
Mode") and install <tt>LOADLIN</tt>.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Please search back issues of Linux Gazette for
|
||
more details on that.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 18 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/19"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 19 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Finding LOADLIN.EXE ... and Linux Loader for Win '9x</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Mstrmasn34 on Fri, 12 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
Finding LOADLIN.EXE ... and Linux Loader for Win '9x
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Hey Answer Guy! , alternatively,
|
||
Dear Mr. Answer Guy:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I have recently installed RedHat Linux 5.2. I boot Win 98, to
|
||
which I am new. I am not comfortable with relying on a Linux boot
|
||
disk to get to Linux. I intend to emphase Linux in my computer
|
||
experience. Currently I rely on DOS/WIN for familiarity.
|
||
<tt>Loadlin.exe</tt> did not come with the McMillan version of 5.2 I
|
||
purchased.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Where can I reliably download the latest version of <tt>Loadlin.exe</tt>
|
||
(and related necessaries? Also, do I need LILO if I use Loadlin?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
The package should be on those CDs somewhere. However,
|
||
you should also be able to find it in the the Linux
|
||
Loader for Win '95:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><DL><DT>
|
||
Linux_Load95
|
||
<DD><A HREF="http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/dos/linux_load95.lsm"
|
||
>http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/dos/linux_load95.lsm</A>
|
||
</DL></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
... The LSM (Linux software map) file for this package
|
||
claims that it includes <tt>LOADLIN.EXE</tt> (version 1.6).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
That should work just fine.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 19 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/21"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 21 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Partitioning Mini-HOWTO</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From ariel lh on Fri, 12 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
Partitioning Mini-HOWTO
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Sorry for bothering you again but it seems that the "<tt>boot failed</tt>"
|
||
message was just a bad diskette. I accesed the setup main menu and it
|
||
asked me to configure the keyboard and i did, then i goes to: "partition
|
||
your HD", when i go to the partitioning menu i detects my HDD when i
|
||
press enter i get the message: "<tt>fatal error: bad logical partition</tt>".
|
||
What should i do?, in the installation howto it says the partitioning
|
||
option is for when my disk is not partitioned and it also says that if i
|
||
already created a linux native and one linux swap disk partition i can
|
||
skip the partitioning process.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
In case i don't have to run the partitioning menu, how do i configure my
|
||
existing partitions into linux native an linux swap partitions?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
So, you're trying to install some distribution of Linux.
|
||
You don't mention which distribution so I'll guess it might
|
||
be <A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat</A>. You don't mention
|
||
what source you're trying to
|
||
install from so I'd guess CD-ROM. You don't specify which
|
||
platform so I'll guess it's some sort of PC.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Note: there are many distributions of Linux and many of them
|
||
can be installed from any of many sources (from CD, floppy,
|
||
MS-DOS hard drive partition, over FTP, NFS, or SMB/Samba --
|
||
from a copy stored on some Windows, OS/2 or other type of
|
||
server). When posting questions to mailing lists and
|
||
newsgroups you'll want to include a bit more detail.
|
||
Remember that your readers don't know anything about your
|
||
situation.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Now, to your problem. The setup/installation program you're
|
||
using is offering to launch a program to partition one of
|
||
your hard drives --- to reserve one or more regions of the
|
||
disk space for use by Linux and mark them as such.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The exact dialogs and menus offered by this installation
|
||
program depend completely on which distribution you're using.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Normally they will launch a program called '<tt>fdisk</tt>'. There
|
||
are many programs called '<tt>fdisk</tt>' --- including the
|
||
<tt>FDISK.COM</tt>
|
||
(or <tt>FDISK.EXE</tt>) from MS-DOS, and those from OS/2, NT, other
|
||
versions of Unix, and just about any other operating system
|
||
available for the platform). Under Linux there are several
|
||
versions of '<tt>fdisk</tt>' to choose from. Most distributions
|
||
include the old "shell mode" '<tt>fdisk</tt>' and some also give you
|
||
options to run a "friendlier" full-screen (curses based)
|
||
program called '<tt>cfdisk</tt>'.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Recent versions of Red Hat will offer to make many of
|
||
the partitioning decisions for you --- using a program
|
||
they call "Disk Druid." You supply it with the sizes and
|
||
types of filesystems and swap spaces you want and it makes
|
||
a corresponding set of partitions. It's a nice idea ---
|
||
but I never use it personally (I've been working with
|
||
micro-computers of one sort or another for almost 20 years).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Given that I don't know anything about your system I
|
||
really don't know what is giving this error message.
|
||
I presume that there is some gibberish in your partition
|
||
table (specifically it sounds like some bogus enty in
|
||
one of the extents --- the "logical" partitions inside
|
||
of one of the extended partition tables.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Let's give a tiny bit of background here:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BlockQuote>
|
||
The first first addressable sector on a
|
||
PC hard drive is called the MBR. This is
|
||
512 bytes long and consists of two parts
|
||
--- a boot loader (a small program) and
|
||
the primary partition table.
|
||
</BlockQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The primary partition table is 66 bytes
|
||
long. This provides room for four partition
|
||
table entries of 16 bytes each, and a two
|
||
byte "signature" (magic number) that indicates
|
||
that this MBR/partition table has been
|
||
initialized.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
When any version of '<tt>fdisk</tt>' first reads
|
||
the MBR for a given drive it is supposed
|
||
to look for the "signature" (0xAA55 hex,
|
||
or is it 0x55AA, I never remember that).
|
||
If the last couple of bytes in the MBR don't
|
||
match the signature then fdisk is supposed to
|
||
assume that the drive has completely unitialized
|
||
--- so that it won't attempt to interpret whatever
|
||
random noise it finds therein (left there by the
|
||
manufacturer's testing and/or production processes)
|
||
as any sort of existing partition table.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Notice that there are only FOUR entries available
|
||
on this table. So, if we are to have more than
|
||
four filesystems/partitions on a drive we need
|
||
some way to represent them. Thus there is a
|
||
convention/standard that allows us to use ONE
|
||
of those entries to point to an "extended"
|
||
partition table. This essentially daisy chains
|
||
from the boot sector to another sector. In the
|
||
extended partition tables (there can be more
|
||
than one --- since you can have about a dozen
|
||
total) we have a whole sector, but only the last
|
||
66 bytes are used (the rest is normally "zero'd"
|
||
out).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Getting back to your error message. If you don't have
|
||
anything else installed on that hard drive you can ignore
|
||
the error message and use fdisk to create your new
|
||
partitions. If it won't "let you in" there could be other
|
||
problems. I'd just boot on a rescue floppy (there should
|
||
be one included on whatever CD you have, some where ---
|
||
or you can get Tom's RTBT from <A HREF="http://www.toms.net/rb"
|
||
>http://www.toms.net/rb</A>),
|
||
and "zero out" the MBR with a command like:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BlockQuote><Code>
|
||
dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/zero count=1 bs=512
|
||
</Code></BlockQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
... assuming that you're using your first IDE hard drive.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Note: DON'T DO THIS IF YOU HAVE ANYTHING ELSE ON THIS
|
||
DRIVE!
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
(You'll render any MS-DOS, Windows or other data on the
|
||
drive inaccessible!).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
If that still doesn't work, or if you have existing data
|
||
on the drive that you want to keep --- then we'll have to
|
||
work harder.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
First: if '<tt>fdisk</tt>' won't let you access the drive, even
|
||
after you've "zero'd out" the MBR then you probably have
|
||
some sort of unsupported drive/controller. It may be that
|
||
you have a very large HD and a version of the kernel and
|
||
'<tt>fdisk</tt>' that doesn't support the huge newer drives.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
There are some amazing convolutions that we've gone through
|
||
in the design of PC peripherals over the years. These
|
||
10Gb hard disks that you can pick up for a couple hundred
|
||
dollars are unimaginably expansive compared to the first
|
||
10Mb hard drive that I ever owned (about 12 years ago).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
In the early days MSDOS had a 32Mb limit on it's hard drive
|
||
filesystems. The BIOS under which MSDOS ran had a rather
|
||
odd set of limits relating to the largest hard drive that
|
||
was possible --- it addressed drives in CHS (cylinder, head,
|
||
sector) format. Early ST-506 (MFM and RLL) hard drives
|
||
typically had 17 to 23 sectors per track, maybe 5 or so
|
||
heads and a few hundred cylinders.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The BIOS packed the cylinder/track and sector addresses into
|
||
two bytes --- leaving 10 bits for the "cylinder" and only 6
|
||
bits for the sector. So you you could have up to 64 sectors
|
||
(zero through 63) and 1024 cylinders. They did provide
|
||
a full byte for the head. (This seems silly since a
|
||
hard drive with 256 heads --- 128 platters would be about as
|
||
tall as your desk, but I presume that it was "convenient"
|
||
for the programmer due to how these parameters would be
|
||
used with the controller.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Back then the CPU was involved in relatively low level
|
||
details of head positioning --- so we used to tune the
|
||
"interleave" on hard drives based on the relative speed of
|
||
our components, so that logically "adjacent" sectors were
|
||
actually physically separated, allowing the processing of
|
||
one sector to account for the constant rotation velocity of
|
||
the disk platter under the head --- meaning that the "next"
|
||
sector was usually under the head after the last one was
|
||
processed.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I'm going into these gory details for a point. Modern
|
||
equipment is far more sophisticated. A modern hard
|
||
drive has its own processor and cache. The micro controller
|
||
processes going on in a typical cheap IDE or any SCSI drive
|
||
that you'd use today take about the same computing power
|
||
as the first PC that I ever used. They also typically
|
||
<EM>have</EM> more memory than early PCs where capable of
|
||
addressing.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Despite all these differences the fundamental interfaces
|
||
and BIOS code (particularly the limitation on CHS
|
||
addressing) still apply today. To get around this
|
||
we've going through IDE, EIDE, and the newer Ultra-DMA
|
||
(or ATA, ATA-2, and ATA-3) interface specifications.
|
||
At each stage these drives use "tricks" to allow us
|
||
to access more data. Usually these "tricks" provide
|
||
some level of "backward compatability" --- but they
|
||
often require some software upgrades nonetheless.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Instead of CHS addressing we now normally use LBA (linear
|
||
block addressing). This basically takes the C, H, and S
|
||
values, multiples them together and calculates a new disk
|
||
block address based on the total. That's a "linear block
|
||
address." However a bit of arithmetic should reveal that
|
||
256 (max. heads) * 64 (max sectors per track) * 1024 (max
|
||
cylinders) * 512 (bytes per track) and then devided by about
|
||
a billion bytes per Gigabyte gives a limit of 8Gb. So we
|
||
see that LBA doesn't get us past about 8.4Gb (you'll get
|
||
inconsistent numbers based on whether a given manufacture
|
||
counts megabytes as 1000 kilobytes or 1024K, and whether
|
||
they count a gigabyte as 1000Mb or 1024Mb).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The point is that older versions of Linux (and DOS,
|
||
Windows, NT, and everything else) won't be able
|
||
to access the full extent of some drives. It's also
|
||
possible for your CMOS/BIOS settings to interfere with
|
||
the proper detection of your drive's capacity. So,
|
||
sometimes you have to use various sorts of "expert mode"
|
||
or sfdisk options to bypass these sorts of problems.
|
||
More likely you need to have a kernel which is updated for
|
||
your situation.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I must admit that I have yet to install any of these
|
||
HUGE disk drives. I just picked up a 10.x Gb IDE drive
|
||
for less than $200 (US) and plan to install it in my
|
||
wife's computer (freeing up a couple of 4Gb SCSI drives
|
||
for my web server and mail hosts). I haven't had to
|
||
do anything special on any of the other systems I've
|
||
worked with --- so I don't know what sort of problem
|
||
you're having.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
You can try '<tt>cfdisk</tt>' or '<tt>sfdisk</tt>' (prepare a rescue floppy
|
||
and either copy one of these unto it or unto another
|
||
diskette). If any of these work --- you can <EM>THEN</EM> bypass
|
||
the portion of the setup/installation program where it
|
||
asks is you have already partitioned your disk.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Note that you must have at least one ext2 filesystem and one
|
||
"swap" partition for Red Hat --- and most other Linux
|
||
distributions. This is not a constraint of Linux --- it's
|
||
possible to install Linux on MSDOS/FAT, minix, xiafs or
|
||
other filesystems it you work at it. You can even install
|
||
Linux to boot across a network. However, these are exotic
|
||
options and most <EM>distributions</EM> don't have setup programs
|
||
that can cope with them.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Clearly you don't want to "fight" with your first
|
||
installation by trying to be exotic.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Thanks again
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
If none of this works then I suggest reading more of the
|
||
FAQs, Mini-HOWTOs etc. Also you can look for a local users
|
||
group and ask around.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Some (like both the Silicon Valley LUG, and the Bay Area LUG
|
||
(*) that I belong to) have regular "installfests" where you
|
||
can bring your system into some cafeteria or auditorium and
|
||
work with volunteers (like me) to get things installed and
|
||
configured. There are "swap meets" (public vendor shows)
|
||
which invite the CABAL (coalition of Bay Area Linux) user
|
||
groups to set up tables and hang out. (Yes, we do this for
|
||
free --- all we get is free admission to the show and the
|
||
occasional free CDs, T-shirts or whatnot from some vendors).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><dl>
|
||
<dt>Silicon Valley Linux Users Group
|
||
<dd><A HREF="http://www.svlug.org"
|
||
>http://www.svlug.org</A>
|
||
<dt>Bay Area Linux Users Group
|
||
<dd><A HREF="http://www.balug.org"
|
||
>http://www.balug.org</A>
|
||
</dl></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The <A HREF="http://www.freebsd.org/">FreeBSD</A> users also have these events (and join us
|
||
at some of the "swap meets" --- though they call them
|
||
"installoramas" or something like that).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
If you don't have any "installfests" or "installoramas" in
|
||
your area, you might still find some LUG member or local
|
||
Linux enthusiast to help. If all else fails you can hire a
|
||
consultant to come in, help you install this and show you
|
||
how things work. (That's the sort of consulting I
|
||
specialize in --- one-on-one tutorial work; usually in
|
||
person).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
It used to be possible to call a 900 number (run by
|
||
Yggdrasil, makers of the first CD Linux distribution). You
|
||
can look at <A HREF="http://www.yggdrasil.com"
|
||
>http://www.yggdrasil.com</A> for details.
|
||
(Yggdrasil is the "tree of life" in Norse mythology. I have
|
||
no idea how that relates to Finnish folklore or if it is
|
||
intended as a reference to Linus' ethnic background at all.
|
||
But it is a cool name --- particularly for fans fo the old
|
||
Marvel superhero "Thor"). I don't know if Adam Richter,
|
||
founder of Yggdrasil is still in the Linux superhero
|
||
business --- but someone, somewhere will probably be
|
||
providing "per incident" phone support eventually.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
(If I gathered a group of reliable and interested Linuxers
|
||
I'd consider doing it myself. I don't because I'd hate to
|
||
be "on call" all the time and I'd hate even more to have
|
||
paying customers get a recording saying "Jim is off on a
|
||
date with his wife, Heather ... call back later!").
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<hr width="40%">
|
||
|
||
<p><em>Funny he should mention this, since as of publication time
|
||
he has just joined a new startup, <strong>LinuxCare</strong>,
|
||
specializing in corporate support for Linux. More details
|
||
about this new company can be found at their home page,
|
||
<a href="http://www.linuxcare.com/">http://www.linuxcare.com</a>.
|
||
</em></p>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 21 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/22"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 22 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/bbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(!) " border="0"
|
||
>True modems</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Mark F. Johnson on Fri, 15 Jan 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Quick note:
|
||
Staples (a local office supply store) sells the Zoom 56k external (without
|
||
serial cable) for just under $90.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 22 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/23"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 23 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Low Memory Installation</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Martin Skj<6B>ldebrand on Sun, 17 Jan 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
HI again,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Many thanks for you fast reply. And apologies if you got two messages
|
||
- I forgot to remove your e-mail adress in the second one.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<!-- ::<BlockQuote>
|
||
Low Memory Installation
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
</BlockQuote>:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000099"><EM>
|
||
Hi,
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000099"><EM>
|
||
I'm trying to install <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</A>
|
||
from floppies on my spare lap-top.
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000099"><EM>
|
||
It's an old machine, an Compaq Contura 486/ 25 with 4 MB RAM and 80 MB
|
||
HDD.
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000099"><EM>
|
||
The installation goes well (mostly - it complains that the swap space
|
||
cannot be initialized but it still is used, swapon during startup
|
||
later on goes well). But after rebooting I get various memory errors.
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000099"><EM>
|
||
The latest being '<tt>bash fork: Cannot allocate memory</tt>'
|
||
when trying to do anything on the machine.
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockquote><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM><IMG
|
||
SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
This sounds more like there is a disk error (bad block
|
||
or some such) that's somewhere in the area where you're
|
||
trying to create your swap partition.
|
||
</em></font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM>
|
||
That would explain both the initialization failure (which
|
||
I presume is an error message from the installation
|
||
script's '<tt>mkswap</tt>' routine) and the bash errors.
|
||
</em></font></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000099"><EM><IMG
|
||
SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
I've read and re-read the floppy install on low-memory systems. I've
|
||
expanded the swap space to about 20 MB (should be enough) but it still
|
||
complains about the memory problem.
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockquote><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM><IMG
|
||
SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
If the error is near the beginning of the swap
|
||
file/partition --- then you'll keep getting it now matter
|
||
how much disk space you <EM>add</EM> to the partition.
|
||
</em></font></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
Adding swap space sorted out a few error messages I got in the first
|
||
attempts. But you suggestion solves the problem of it not going away.
|
||
I partitioned the drive with the option of checking for bad blocks (I
|
||
think I did this the last time. I've rerun the install one time too
|
||
many. Is there a difference between this and <tt>mkswap -c</tt>?).
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockquote><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM><IMG
|
||
SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
Try invoking the mkswap command (which should be somewhere
|
||
in your startup files) with the <tt>-c</tt> option (to check for
|
||
bad blocks).
|
||
</em></font></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
I'll boot off of a start disk and run it as root, then. I suppose you
|
||
meant that. (As I can't get in on the system to do <em>anything</em>
|
||
meaningful at all as the only reaction I get is the error message).
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM>
|
||
Any ideas? Is it possible to run Debian on a 4 MB RAM machine?
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<blockquote><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM><IMG
|
||
SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
I don't know. That's cutting it pretty thin. I
|
||
certainly wouldn't use '<tt>bash</tt>' on a 4Mb system --- '<tt>bash</tt>'
|
||
is hardly a lightweight shell. Try '<tt>ash</tt>' --- which is a
|
||
simpler and smaller shell that's designed for use on
|
||
rescue floppies, etc.
|
||
</em></font></blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM>
|
||
You'll certainly want to compile a custom trimmed kernel
|
||
(on another system) for use in such a constrained
|
||
setting. I wouldn't think that the Contura's were so
|
||
old that you can't find additional memory for them.
|
||
Bumping that up to 8 or 16 Mb will make a huge
|
||
difference in what you can do with that laptop.
|
||
</em></font></blockquote>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
Yeah, I've had the thought myself - but Compaq memory usually is
|
||
extremely overpriced. Especially for older machines. At least IMHO.
|
||
</STRONG><P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Again, thanks for your suggestions and your fast reply. I'll look into
|
||
it.
|
||
</STRONG><P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Cheers,
|
||
</STRONG><P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Martin Skj<6B>ldebrand
|
||
<br>Sys admin, archaeologist, web designer
|
||
</STRONG><P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 23 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/24"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 24 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Drop-in Replacement for "WinGate"</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Paul A Pick on Mon, 22 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
Drop-in Replacement for "WinGate"
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Hiya,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I have a win95/redhat5.2 dual boot system, which I use as a proxy
|
||
server for one win95 client machine (as my system has the net
|
||
connection).
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Under win95, I use wingate for my proxy software... so my client's
|
||
system is setup expecting things to be wingate-like on my
|
||
system. The problem comes with the recent addition of redhat5.2. I
|
||
want my linux box to be a transparent plug-in replacement for the
|
||
win95/wingate config but I haven't really found the proxy software
|
||
to do this.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
So... my question is: are you aware of proxy software for linux
|
||
which can behave like wingate? So far, I've seen squid (monstrous
|
||
overkill) for ftp/http and then I have to add 'portfwd' (?) to map
|
||
dns/pop and then there was another app for socks (req'd for
|
||
telnet). All of this makes me want to run wingate via wine (which
|
||
I will try soon, actually). [ Of course, I could just buy another
|
||
system to do ipmasq/ipchains...
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> ]
|
||
Anyway... have I missed an obvious solution?
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":-)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle"> Thanks, - Paul
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
I don't know what sort of proxying WinGate does. So
|
||
I can't address the issue of a transparent, drop-in
|
||
replacement for it.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Squid may be "monstrous overkill" for your situation.
|
||
However, it will probably provide the key features you
|
||
need and it doesn't take appreciably more memory, CPU,
|
||
or (non-cache) disk space than any other proxying system.
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</A> can also be
|
||
configured to act as a caching proxy web server.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
You could get the SOCKS RPMs from any
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat</A> "contrib"
|
||
site/mirror. WinGate probably implements the SOCKS
|
||
protocols (which govern how client software traverses
|
||
a proxy; how it relays it's service requests through the
|
||
proxy). There are also a couple of other SOCKS
|
||
compatible proxy server packages for Linux including
|
||
DeleGate, and Dante (find them both on Freshmeat
|
||
at <A HREF="http://www.freshmeat.net"
|
||
>http://www.freshmeat.net</A>).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
You don't have to add ipportfw or autofw (or tcprelay or
|
||
udprelay, or any of its cousins). These are all small
|
||
utilities that can listen on a given TCP/UDP port and
|
||
relay traffic to another system. They are more
|
||
useful to virtual host <EM>servers</EM> on a private net.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Consider the following scenario:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>
|
||
/^^^^^^^^^^^\ ______
|
||
| Internet | ---| fw |------ (Internet LAN)
|
||
\___________/ ~~+~~~ 192.168.1.*
|
||
|
|
||
+--- (servers)
|
||
192.168.2.*
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
In this simple diagram we show a gateway/router/firewall
|
||
(running Linux). It has three interfaces. One leads to the
|
||
Internet. Let's think of that as ppp0 though it doesn't
|
||
matter what sort of IP interface we use. Another leads to
|
||
our internal LAN (let's call it eth0) and the other leads
|
||
to a small segment with one or more <EM>different types</EM> of
|
||
servers.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
We use <tt>192.168.1.*</tt> addresses (one of the RFC1918 "reserved
|
||
net" address blocks) on the internal LAN. We use another
|
||
RFC1918 on the other (we can use any of the <tt>192.168.x.*</tt>
|
||
addresses and we can subnet them in whatever fashion we like).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
But wait! We can't run an Internet server on an RFC1918
|
||
address! No router on the Internet will have valid routes
|
||
to any of those addresses. True enough.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
However, we do have <EM>one</EM> valid, real Internet address
|
||
(direct routable IP address or DRIP). We might not want
|
||
to run a web server, DNS server, mail relay or other service
|
||
on our router (due to security, administrative, or capacity
|
||
considerations). So we put ipportfw to relay connections
|
||
to our router's web, DNS, or SMTP ports to one or more
|
||
machines on the bastion segment. This makes '<tt>fw</tt>' (our
|
||
firewall/router) "appear" to be a multi-service host
|
||
--- though it is only running a simple set of
|
||
port forwarders. (Actually you really wouldn't <EM>need</EM> to
|
||
have a third segment --- you could port forward or relay
|
||
into hosts on your internal LAN. However, I wouldn't
|
||
recommend that --- since any attacker that subverts one
|
||
of those servers through the relayed connection can then
|
||
attack <EM>all</EM> of your other systems --- rather than
|
||
being isolated to one segment).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Note: I've never actually done this. However, that's what
|
||
the IP, TCP, and UDP port forwarding utilities seem to be
|
||
for.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
However, this doesn't seem to meet your needs. You want
|
||
to support the clients on your LAN in their access to
|
||
public services out on the net. You don't seem to have
|
||
any need to provide services ("virtual" or "relayed" or
|
||
whatever) to the 'net.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
So, you can use proxying. You can run a caching web
|
||
server proxy (like Squid and/or Apache or even the old
|
||
CERN web server). You can also run a caching name server
|
||
on your gateway system. This is handy since your
|
||
gateway (<tt>fw</tt>) has routes to your internal LAN and to the
|
||
net. So it can reply to DNS request by your internal
|
||
clients and make them of the outside world.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
You can also use IP masquerading (using the ipfwadm command
|
||
for your 2.0.x kernels and the newer, snazzier, ipchains
|
||
command for 2.2). This is basically an alternative to
|
||
proxying. You can think if IP masquerading (a particular
|
||
form of "Network Address Translation" or NAT) as a
|
||
"transparent, transport layer proxying" method. If you
|
||
have a proxy server in place, and all of your client
|
||
software supports the proxy (through the SOCKS protocol)
|
||
then you don't need NAT/IP masquerading.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
It's possible to use them together (so your SOCKSified
|
||
clients talk to the proxying servers on your system, and
|
||
anything else still goes through the NAT system. It's
|
||
possible to do this with just one router --- and it's
|
||
even useful for some cases. For example, using some
|
||
services is difficult and someone unreliable through a
|
||
masquerading router.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Protocols like FTP pass IP addresses <EM>in band</EM> (as part of
|
||
the data/payload of the control connection --- to be used to
|
||
establish a series of data connection from the server back
|
||
to the client). This is trivial for programs to support at
|
||
an applications layer and very difficult to do at the
|
||
transport layer (from "under the hood"). It's like
|
||
cartography --- making a map by walking around in the forest
|
||
takes a lot of work --- doing it from a higher level is much
|
||
handier.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
So, try one of the SOCKS compatible server packages.
|
||
If that gives you any trouble try a command like:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
|
||
ipfwadm -F -a acc -m -S 192.168.0.0/16
|
||
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
... one your fw system. This will add (<tt>-a</tt>) a rule
|
||
to the forwarding (<tt>-F</tt>) table in the kernel to accept
|
||
(acc) for masquerading (<tt>-m</tt>) any packages with a source
|
||
address (<tt>-S</tt>) from any of the <tt>192.168.x.*</tt> ranges (to
|
||
anywhere).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The reason we don't have to be explicit about destinations
|
||
and interfaces is because the determination of which packets
|
||
are presented to the which packet filtering tables is done
|
||
by the kernel's routing table. Teh filtering tables decide
|
||
which ones to drop, accept, reject and "re-write"
|
||
(masquerade). So that's all given.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
If we add the following two rules:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><BlockQuote><code>
|
||
ipfwadm -F -a acc -m -S 172.16.0.0/12
|
||
<br>ipfwadm -F -a acc -m -S 10.0.0.0/8
|
||
</code></BlockQuote></BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
we've configured our system to gleefully masquerade IP
|
||
packets from ANY RFC1918 address --- so you can use any
|
||
of them for any of your intenal LANs, segments, etc.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I personally doubt that WinGate will work properly
|
||
under <A HREF="http://www.winehq.com/">WINE</A> ---
|
||
and it seems very unlikely that it would
|
||
give decent performance or stability.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 24 -->
|
||
|
||
<hr width="40%">
|
||
|
||
<!-- begin 27 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Drop-in Replacement for "WinGate"</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Paul A Pick on Tue, 23 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
Drop-in Replacement for "WinGate"
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000099"><EM>
|
||
<BR>>[M]y question is: are you aware of proxy software for linux
|
||
<BR>>which can behave like wingate?
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM>
|
||
There are also a couple of other SOCKS
|
||
compatible proxy server packages for Linux including
|
||
DeleGate, and Dante (find them both on Freshmeat
|
||
at <A HREF="http://www.freshmeat.net"
|
||
>http://www.freshmeat.net</A>).
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
There ya go. I had never heard of freshmeat... (sorry guys)
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I just downloaded delegate and it looks to be <em>exactly</em> what I
|
||
was looking for... it seems to be available only as source
|
||
(for linux) but compiled no problem at all. I'll try configuring
|
||
it in the next coupla days.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Interestingly, delegate (according to the documentation, at least)
|
||
runs under windows as well. This means that I could chuck wingate
|
||
(if I wanted to) and have a very consistent interface to my client.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
[ illustration of ipportfw snipped ]
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM>
|
||
Note: I've never actually done this. However, that's what
|
||
the IP, TCP, and UDP port forwarding utilities seem to be
|
||
for.
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Yes, but I was trying to twist them to my own ends anyway.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM>
|
||
You can also use IP masquerading (using the ipfwadm command
|
||
for your 2.0.x kernels and the newer, snazzier, ipchains
|
||
command for 2.2).
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Alas, my win95 interface and my linux interface must be consistent.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I don't want to think about the client system's net access should I
|
||
decide to play half-life, for instance.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
In both cases the clients can point to your server/gateway
|
||
as their default route. It just shouldn't be a problem.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM><IMG
|
||
SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0" >
|
||
I personally doubt that WinGate will work properly
|
||
under <A HREF="http://www.winehq.com/">WINE</A>
|
||
--- and it seems very unlikely that it would
|
||
give decent performance or stability.
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I gave it a shot and it didn't fire up at all. It encountered a
|
||
fatal error in 'kernel32' or some such. I wasn't too interested
|
||
in performance (my load average is generally 0.00) but stability
|
||
would be an issue. A 'moot' issue, as it turns out.
|
||
<IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/smily.gif" ALT=":)"
|
||
height="24" width="20" align="middle">
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Presumably WinGate is Win32s (or such). WINE only
|
||
has very limited and preliminary support for Win32s.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I expect that the moment that WINE has reverse
|
||
engineered reasonable support for the Win32s APIs
|
||
we'll see a new Win32X out of Redmond and a suite
|
||
of compilers that generate the new code by default
|
||
--- to minimize the compatibility and interoperation.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Thanks for the info. Would you like to know how the delegate
|
||
configurations go?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Sure. You could submit an article or review to
|
||
the Linux Gazette.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 27 -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/26"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 26 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Jim Dennis: Re: Gimp on RH5.1</H3>
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Rene Travera on Mon, 22 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Hello,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I have a problem trying to run The Gimp on RH5.1, I get the
|
||
next messages:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><code>
|
||
gimp: error in loading shared libraries
|
||
<br>: undefined symbol: __register_frame_info
|
||
</code></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Can anybody tell me how to solve this?
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Thanks a lot.
|
||
Rene Tavera
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
It sounds like you don't have the proper library
|
||
installed (or that your <tt>ld.so.cache</tt> hasn't been updated
|
||
to find it).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Try running the '<tt>ldconfig</tt>' command (just '<tt>ldconfig</tt>'
|
||
and <tt>[Enter]</tt> --- no arguments). If that doesn't help then
|
||
my guess would be that you need to install the Gtk libraries.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Did you install this with an RPM, from a tarball, or
|
||
from sources? Did you just try to copy the GIMP
|
||
binary from another system?
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 26 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/28"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 28 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>How 'ntpdate' finds IP addresses?</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Pete O'Donnell on Tue, 23 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
How 'ntpdate' finds IP addresses?
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
In an article on setting system clocks to atomic clock time, you referred to
|
||
the following line:
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<PRE><STRONG><code>
|
||
/usr/sbin/ntpdate -s ntp.ucsd.edu ns.scruz.net ntp1.cs.wisc.edu
|
||
</code></STRONG></PRE>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Do these 3 servers have entries in the <TT>/etc/ntp.conf</TT> file or
|
||
is there some sort of host file set up on your machine? How does the
|
||
<tt>xntpd</tt> daemon find the corresponding IPs. Let me know.
|
||
Thanks answer guy.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
-Pete O'Donnell
|
||
<br>LiveNetworking
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
The <TT>/etc/ntp.conf</TT> file is used by xntpd --- not be
|
||
by the ntpdate command. The '<tt>ntpdate</tt>' command finds
|
||
IP addresses that correspond to these host names in
|
||
the same way that any other Unix utility or application
|
||
does. Almost all Unix utilities that do any sort of
|
||
network operation are linked against a set of "resolver"
|
||
libraries. The "resolver" libraries differ a bit
|
||
among systems --- but most of them look in the <TT>/etc/hosts</TT>
|
||
file, for a hostname match (grabbing an IP address from
|
||
there if they find one) and then read the <TT>/etc/resolv.conf</TT>
|
||
file for a list of nameservers (DNS). In other cases
|
||
your resolver libraries might make requests (RPCs?) of
|
||
one or more NIS (YP) servers in your NIS domain, and
|
||
newer configurations --- using glibc's modular NSS (name
|
||
services switching) as controlled by <TT>/etc/nsswitch.conf</TT>
|
||
might query LDAP, NDS (Novell) or other backend
|
||
directory/name services systems for their mapping.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
(Under libc5 there was a <TT>/etc/hosts.conf</TT> that gave more
|
||
limited and less extensible control over which name services
|
||
were/are queried and in which order).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Read the man pages for those files (<TT>/etc/hosts</TT>,
|
||
<TT>/etc/nsswitch.conf</TT>, <TT>/etc/hosts.conf</TT> and
|
||
<TT>/etc/resolv.conf</TT>) for some details. You can also look at
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.openldap.org"
|
||
>http://www.openldap.org</A> for some cool info about future
|
||
use/deployment of LDAP.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 28 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/29"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 29 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Sportys</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From CC on Tue, 16 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Hi
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
My 4 year old 28.8 sporty has performed perfectly, it
|
||
was a little cheaper but I don't know why you "diss" em.
|
||
Still keeps up with the so called 56.6s, I dunno' I scored man.
|
||
<br>CC
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
The Sportster is simply not rated for the duty
|
||
cycles that would be imposed by use on a BBS or
|
||
ISP terminal server. I've managed a couple of
|
||
large BBS systems over the years (the 100 line
|
||
Symantec BBS a few years ago, and the 40 line
|
||
McAfee BBS --- expanded to about 60 by the time
|
||
I left).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Sportsters are a consumer/commodity product.
|
||
They're suitable for a few hours use per day
|
||
--- but they get unreliable when receiving calls
|
||
and staying "live" for weeks on end (which is
|
||
what happens at busy BBS' and ISPs).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Another problem I personally have with them is the
|
||
physical shape. They are not "stackable" and
|
||
the case design doesn't lend itself to good cooling.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I've found (for high density applications) that
|
||
placing the couriers on their sides (not stacked
|
||
"up" but arrayed like books) and placing some additional
|
||
fans on the racks helps keep them cool and makes them
|
||
MUCH more reliable.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I like "baker's" wire racks for these installations, about
|
||
as sturdy as 19" racks and <EM>much</EM> cheaper --- they just
|
||
don't look as "cool". One nice thing about baker's racks;
|
||
you can pack them in pretty close to the walls and to
|
||
one another (side to side) --- and (since they are on
|
||
large locking wheels) still maintain fairly easy access to
|
||
the back panels (to get at the wiring nest).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I realize these factors exhibit a "big installation"
|
||
(glass house) bias. For my own home modems I have a
|
||
couple of 28.8 Practical Peripherals (the "flat pack"
|
||
model, not the hideous "brick") and a Zyxel. I just
|
||
bought the Zyxel for some time when I get around to
|
||
playing with vgetty's DTMF and voice modem support
|
||
features (eventually).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I don't remember the context in which I "dis'd" the
|
||
Sportsters --- but I'm not surprised I did. I've
|
||
never been impressed with them. It's a personal
|
||
bias. BBS Sysops often are extremely biased about their
|
||
modems; I'm only moderately so.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 29 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/30"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 30 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>soundcards</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Oxy Amigo on Mon, 15 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I have a Mediavision PAS16, a ALS100+ and a SoundBlaster Live!, can i
|
||
put, at the same time the tree on Linux <A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat</A> 5.2? I just want 6
|
||
analog audio inputs.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Thanks.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
I doubt that it's possible. Many sound cards take up
|
||
two IRQs and one or two DMA channels. You probably
|
||
don't have six available IRQs and 3 to six available
|
||
DMA channels.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
If you can configure all of the hardware to co-exist
|
||
(setting all of the various I/O port, IRQ, DMA channel
|
||
addresses uniquely for all of them) then you can probably
|
||
get Linux to concurrently access them. (You might have
|
||
to do some kernel patches or play some games with obscure
|
||
kernel boot parameters, module command line options,
|
||
and module load order and/or driver autoprobing order.
|
||
I don't know --- I'm not a C programmer).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
If you looked around a bit you might find a professional
|
||
sound mixing subsystem that you can interface to your
|
||
PC to give you six or more high fidelity audio inputs.
|
||
I'm not an audiophile, nor a sound engineer either.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
One of the guys at SVLUG has set up a portable MBone
|
||
multimedia broadcast system which seems to be capable
|
||
of three video/audio feeds (I'm not sure if that's
|
||
switched or concurrent, though I'm now curious enough
|
||
to ask).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Have you tried to do this? What sorts of problems
|
||
did you bump into? What is it that you're actually
|
||
trying to do? (What intended application leads to your
|
||
your requirements)?
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 30 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/31"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 31 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Linux as a Loghost (Syslog Server)</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Ravi Shah on Thu, 25 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<!-- ::
|
||
Linux as a Loghost (Syslog Server)
|
||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||
:: -->
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Thanks a lot. It works. Do you have any book you are writing
|
||
specifally for Linux and does include most of the questions that
|
||
you have been answering for quite a while ? I would be very much
|
||
interested in your book if you have one out or writing one.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
As a matter of fact I am writing a book for Linux
|
||
system administrators. My co-author is taking over
|
||
quite a bit of the load (smoothing out the sectional
|
||
organization and the transitions between core content
|
||
elements).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I hope to have it done RSN ("real soon now"(TM)).
|
||
(It should be "Linux Systems Administration" from
|
||
Macmillan Computer Publishing).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I'm glad that helped. Incidentally, if you try to
|
||
use the -m option on some of your Linux clients ---
|
||
to force them to periodically generate "heartbeat"
|
||
or "timestamp" messages, you should be aware that this
|
||
feature was broken until fairly recently. (It used to
|
||
work, years ago, then stopped working in later releases
|
||
and the author/maintainer assured me that it should be
|
||
working if you get the latest copy --- I don't have the
|
||
details handy --- but it shouldn't be too hard to dig up).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Thanks again for your great help. Ravi
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
[In response to]:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000099"><EM><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
<BR>>Dear Answerguy :
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000099"><EM><BlockQuote>
|
||
<BR>>This has been one of the best support for Linux is out there that
|
||
<BR>>I know of by searching for my question about syslog. This is one
|
||
<BR>>of the better site I have seen in a long time.
|
||
</BlockQuote></EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM>
|
||
I hope to provide even better support through
|
||
my new employer: LinuxCare (commercial Linux support).
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM>
|
||
However, I'll be continuing to volunteer time through
|
||
LG as well.
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000099"><EM>
|
||
<BR>>Here is my quesion and your help will be greatly appreciated !!
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000099"><EM>
|
||
<BR>>I am running Redhat 5.0 distribution of Linux on Dell Pentium 166,
|
||
<BR>>and it works fine with dual boot of NT.
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000099"><EM>
|
||
<BR>>I would like to use this machine to be a syslog server for Cisco
|
||
<BR>>routers since we are major ISP. I have setup local7 facility to
|
||
<BR>>logged the debug messages, but Linux is not logging any debug
|
||
<BR>>messages from Cisco router. I have issued service timestamp
|
||
<BR>>commands from cisco router, and it does not work !! Similar
|
||
<BR>>setting works fine in Solaris, but not in Linux !! Help.. Thanks.
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<Pre><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM>
|
||
NAME
|
||
sysklogd - Linux system logging utilities.
|
||
|
||
SYNOPSIS
|
||
syslogd [ -d ] [ -f config file ] [ -h ] [ -l hostlist ]
|
||
[ -m interval ] [ -n ] [ -p socket ] [ -r ]
|
||
[ -s domainlist ] [ -v ]
|
||
|
||
-r This option will enable the facility to receive
|
||
message from the network using an internet domain
|
||
socket with the syslog service (see services(5)).
|
||
The default is to not receive any messages from the
|
||
network.
|
||
|
||
This option is introduced in version 1.3 of the
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></Pre>
|
||
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM>
|
||
Basically the older version of the syslog daemon
|
||
would accept syslog messages by default --- from any
|
||
machine that could get the right packets routed to
|
||
them.
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM>
|
||
However there was a buffer overflow (bug) a few years
|
||
ago which brought attention to the fact that very few
|
||
systems need to act as remote loghosts (and that there
|
||
is no sense in leaving the rest vulnerable to remote
|
||
attacks through this service.
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM>
|
||
So the default was changed and now (which any recent version
|
||
of syslogd (klogd) you have to add this parameter to your
|
||
start script (or inittab entry) to force it to allow
|
||
reception and logging from other systems.
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG><FONT COLOR="#000066"><EM>
|
||
I still recommend that you put the log host behind a
|
||
set of packet filters (Cisco IOS "access control lists")
|
||
to ensure that spurious and hostile log messages can't
|
||
reach your loghost.
|
||
</EM></FONT></STRONG></P>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 31 -->
|
||
<!-- .~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~.~~. -->
|
||
<A NAME="tag/32"><HR WIDTH="75%" ALIGN="center"></A>
|
||
<!-- begin 32 -->
|
||
<H3 align="left"><img src="../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif"
|
||
height="50" width="60" alt="(?) " border="0"
|
||
>Telnetd and pausing</H3>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>From Clive Flint on Thu, 25 Feb 1999
|
||
</strong></p>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
Hi,
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I have made a Linux server using a Tulip dt5/100 machine with 40Mb
|
||
Memory, a 16Mb swap file and a 1Gb hard disk.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
I have a problem that when I try to telnet into the machine it
|
||
doesn't respond for about 30-40 seconds. Once it has responded
|
||
then it will talk quite normally.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<P><STRONG>
|
||
If I then start another telnet session on my pc it again pauses
|
||
for the 30-40 seconds. Is there any reason and is there anything
|
||
that can be done.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
This is a classic problem. TCP Wrappers (<TT>/sbin/tcpd</TT>)
|
||
is attempting to check the consistency of your name
|
||
and IP address using its "double reverse DNS lookup."
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I've described this before but the short form is:
|
||
tcpd does a reverse lookup to associate a name with
|
||
your IP address. It then does a forward lookup on
|
||
that purported name and scans the responses for your
|
||
IP address. A properly maintained domain will have
|
||
consistent forward and reverse mappings.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The reason Wietse Venema (author of TCP Wrappers) does
|
||
this is to allow you to use host and domain names in
|
||
your <TT>/etc/hosts.allow</TT> and <TT>/etc/hosts.deny</TT> files while
|
||
reducing the risks inherent in that.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
Consider the case of someone who controls any reverse DNS
|
||
domain (that is anyone who "owns" or has subverted any
|
||
nameserver to which a range of IP address <TT>PTR</TT> records as
|
||
been delegated). It is trivial for them to return <EM>any</EM>
|
||
name they like in response to reverse DNS requests.
|
||
However, it would be non-trivial for an outsider to
|
||
modify your forward DNS zones (and, if they could they could
|
||
use "man-in-the-middle" attacks against most common
|
||
prototols to disrupt your system in many creative ways).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
So, tcpd uses a "double reverse" method.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The easy solution for real IP addresses which have been
|
||
properly delegated to you by your ISP or through the IANA
|
||
(or your national address registry) is to simply update
|
||
your reverse zone maps to match the forward ones.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The reason this only affect the initial connections,
|
||
and that it only affects a limited set of services is
|
||
because tcpd is only active for those services which are
|
||
listed in the <TT>/etc/inetd.conf</TT> as being launched by <tt>tcpd</tt>
|
||
with lines like:
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><pre>ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.ftpd
|
||
</pre></blockquote>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
(You'd see similar affects from programs that are
|
||
linked with "<tt>libwrap</tt>" --- a compiler library which
|
||
implements the same set of host access checks as
|
||
TCP Wrappers).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
The reason your web services aren't affected is because
|
||
they aren't launched through <tt>inetd</tt> and they aren't
|
||
compiled with <tt>libwrap</tt>. (And they don't do these
|
||
double reverse lookups).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<Pre><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>ip numbers
|
||
192.9.200.1 clive.clara.net (linux server)
|
||
192.9.200.100 cef1 (winnt machine)
|
||
192.9.200.101 clivemob (win98 machine)
|
||
</STRONG></Pre>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
I believe you should be using RFC1918 addresses
|
||
for these systems since the real address for
|
||
<tt>clive.net</tt> seem to cluster in the <tt>195.8.69.*</tt> range
|
||
and a reverse lookup of <tt>192.9.200.0</tt> suggests that
|
||
those are not assigned at this time.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
I'm assuming that you've just "picked these out of a
|
||
hat" --- that they haven't been delegated to you. This
|
||
also suggests that you're using masquerading or a
|
||
set of applications proxies (such as SOCKS, DeleGate,
|
||
Danta, etc) to access the 'net.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
You could configure your nameserver for "split" DNS
|
||
or you could configure an internal nameserver (used
|
||
by all your internal systems). Another technique is
|
||
to simply put the appropriate entries in your <TT>/etc/hosts</TT>
|
||
file. This will bypass DNS (and reverse DNS) queries
|
||
for most services. The '<TT>gethostbyaddr()</TT>' library
|
||
function will find the IP address and name in the
|
||
<TT>/etc/hosts</TT> file first (under most common configurations).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
(That might fail if you've changed your <TT>/etc/hosts.conf</TT>
|
||
(libc5) or <TT>/etc/nsswitch.conf</TT> (glibc). However, it's
|
||
incredibly unlikely that you've touched either of
|
||
those files).
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
The server is running dhcp service and that works fine. If I web
|
||
to it it responds immediately with no delay.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Like I said --- this only affects TCP wrapped services
|
||
(and others that would do similar consistency checks.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Any help would be gratefully received.
|
||
</STRONG></P>
|
||
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" ALT="(!)"
|
||
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
|
||
>
|
||
Try adding the appropriate IP addresses to the <TT>/etc/hosts</TT>
|
||
files on the involved servers.
|
||
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
||
<!-- sig -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- end 32 -->
|
||
<H4>"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
|
||
<!-- QUICK TIPS SECTION ================================================== -->
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><A NAME="tips"><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="" SRC="../gx/twocent.gif">
|
||
More 2¢ Tips!</A></H1> <BR>
|
||
Send Linux Tips and Tricks to <A HREF="mailto:gazette@ssc.com">
|
||
gazette@ssc.com
|
||
</A></center>
|
||
|
||
<p><hr><p>
|
||
<H3>New Tips:</H3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_tips38.html#veldwijk">
|
||
Multiple booting.
|
||
</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_tips38.html#kahn">
|
||
Spell checking an single word
|
||
</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_tips38.html#narendra">
|
||
Keyboard Macros in Emacs
|
||
</a>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<H3>Answers to Previous Questions:</H3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_tips38.html#fonteyne">
|
||
Re: A question please: two modems
|
||
</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_tips38.html#zoltan">
|
||
Re: Boot SCSI with IDE Disk Too
|
||
</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_tips38.html#avelon">
|
||
Supra SupraSonic Int Modem with Linux
|
||
</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_tips38.html#poplawski">
|
||
Supra SupraSonic Int Modem with Linux
|
||
</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_tips38.html#brower">
|
||
From .02 Tips issue 36: SupraExpress Modem
|
||
</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_tips38.html#winkler">
|
||
MIDI question
|
||
</a>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<a name="veldwijk"></a>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<font color="navy">
|
||
Multiple booting.
|
||
</font> </H3>
|
||
Date: Mon, 01 Feb 1999 07:04:20 -0500<BR>
|
||
From: "Richard E. Veldwijk", <A HREF="mailto:veldwijk@UU.NET">
|
||
veldwijk@UU.NET</A> <BR>
|
||
<P>
|
||
As I've got kids and kids tend to play games, I have to have Micro$oft
|
||
products on my machine. As I use OS/2 and Linux myself, here's a nice
|
||
tip: Install OS/2's boot manager. If you have OS/2 installation
|
||
floppies, you can run an OS/2 FDISK and install the boot manager, even
|
||
without installing OS/2 itself.
|
||
<P>
|
||
On my machine, I have two primary C-partitions. The 1st is DOS 6.2, the
|
||
2nd is WIN98. I created these with Partition Magic and the OS/2 boot
|
||
manager will take care of hiding and unhiding of these partitions.
|
||
The 3rd option is Linux, where LILO is loaded from the Linux partition,
|
||
instead of the MBR, so it doesn't interfere with M$ crap. Last option
|
||
is, needless to say, OS/2 itself. This works really good!
|
||
One drawback: Only the last booted C-partition is visible. If you need
|
||
to access the other, you'll have to hide one and unhide the other.
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Richard E. Veldwijk
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<a name="kahn"></a>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<font color="navy">
|
||
Spell checking an single word
|
||
</font> </H3>
|
||
Date: Mon, 8 Feb 1999 01:01:43 -0500 (EST)<BR>
|
||
From: "Ben 'The Con Man' Kahn", <A HREF="mailto:xkahn@cybersites.com">
|
||
xkahn@cybersites.com</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Many times I want to spell check a single word while I'm using an
|
||
application which doesn't support ispell. I created a small tcsh alias
|
||
which can check a single word from the command line. Here is the alias:
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
alias spell 'set j=`mktemp /tmp/spell.XXXXXX`; rm -f ${j}*; echo \!:1 >
|
||
${j}; ispell ${j}; cat ${j}; rm -f ${j}*; unset j'
|
||
</pre>
|
||
Please note that the inner quotes are back quotes. This makes the
|
||
command run and assigns the output to a variable. I have no idea how to
|
||
do this in bash. :^/
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Benjamin Kahn
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<a name="narendra"></a>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
<font color="navy">
|
||
Keyboard Macros in Emacs
|
||
</font> </H3>
|
||
Date: Mon, 01 Feb 1999 19:09:16 +0500<BR>
|
||
From: Vishwas Narendra, <A HREF="mailto:vishen@md2.vsnl.net.in">
|
||
vishen@md2.vsnl.net.in</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
This is my $0.02 tip on how to use Emacs for programming with a bit
|
||
of lesser work for your fingers. Emacs has something known as
|
||
keyboard
|
||
macros. To create a keyboard macro type `C-x (' when you're editing
|
||
any
|
||
file(let's say a C source file). Now when the minibuffer says `Defining
|
||
kbd macro' type in whatever you want to automate. Take for example you
|
||
want to automate the line :
|
||
|
||
<P><TT>int main(int argc, char
|
||
**argv)</TT>
|
||
<BR><TT>{</TT>
|
||
<BR>
|
||
<BR>Once you've finished typing this type `C-x )', emacs should say
|
||
`Keyboard
|
||
macro defined'. Now you must name your macro, so that you can call it
|
||
later.
|
||
Just type `M-x name-last-kbd-macro'. It then prompts for the name. In
|
||
our
|
||
example, let's call this as `main-type' or something like that. Now
|
||
open
|
||
your .emacs file. When the .emacs file is open, come to the end of the
|
||
file and type `M-x insert-kbd-macro'. When it asks for the name of the
|
||
macro to insert type in the macro name you had given last time. And
|
||
emacs
|
||
automatically inserts the Lisp code for your macro.
|
||
|
||
<P>Now in order to call the macro you must use `M-x <macro-name>'.
|
||
But
|
||
this doesn't do much good because the whole idea of macros is to
|
||
decrease
|
||
your typing and this makes it worse. This problem is overcome by
|
||
using
|
||
keyboard mapping. The next step is to map the macro to one of the
|
||
function
|
||
keys.
|
||
|
||
<P>Depending on whether you need the macro in all modes or not you can
|
||
use the functions global-set-key or define-key.
|
||
|
||
<P>1. Here is an example for the global-set-key which you can add to the
|
||
end
|
||
of the .emacs file:
|
||
|
||
<P><TT>(global-set-key "\C-cm" 'main-type)</TT>
|
||
|
||
<P>Now the next time you reload emacs, when you type C-c m the whole
|
||
code (not really, just this one line) gets typed for you. Please note
|
||
here that it is a bad idea to use keys that have already been
|
||
mapped. The most preferable combination is Control C + <yourkey>.
|
||
|
||
<P>2. If you want the keys to be mapped only in the cc-mode, then place the
|
||
following code in your c-mode-common-hook:
|
||
|
||
<P><TT>(define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-cm" 'main-type)</TT>
|
||
|
||
<P>The only problem with the first method is that since you have
|
||
only
|
||
limited keys on the keyboard, they get used up very quickly. Moreover,
|
||
when you're editing something like a html file, you wouldn't
|
||
wan't emacs to spew out characters like `int main' etc.
|
||
|
||
<BR>
|
||
|
||
<P><B>PS to gurus</B>: Please note that I myself am a beginner in
|
||
emacs.
|
||
I've used it for only six months now. If there is any mistake in what
|
||
I've
|
||
written, please don't hesitate to write to me.
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Vishwas
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--================================================================-->
|
||
<H4><font color="maroon">
|
||
Tips in the following section are answers to questions printed in the Mail
|
||
Bag column of previous issues.
|
||
</font></H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<a name="fonteyne"></a>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
ANSWER: <font color="navy">
|
||
Re: A question please: two modems
|
||
</font> </H3>
|
||
Date: Wed, 24 Feb 1999 17:56:21 +0100<BR>
|
||
From: Christophe Fonteyne, <A HREF="mailto:christophe.fonteyne@lu.gmeds.com">
|
||
christophe.fonteyne@lu.gmeds.com</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
It is impossible to connect two modems over a telephone line at a speed
|
||
of 56 Kbps.
|
||
The reason for that is that the maximum traffic over a telephone line is
|
||
64 Kbps.
|
||
In order to obtain that speed, both parties need to have a didgital
|
||
connection. When you dial up to your provider at 56 Kbps, you're not
|
||
dialling to an analogue modem, like you have yourself, but insteed,
|
||
you're dialling an ISDN modem...ie digital.
|
||
Therefore you cannot have the full 64 Kbps, but only 56 Kbps (loosing 8
|
||
KBPS).
|
||
Now if you set up a connection between 2 anaolgue modems, you will loose
|
||
twice the 8 Kbps, leaving you with a maximum transfer rate of 48 Kbps.
|
||
This is only when the lines are in optimal condition, which is rarely
|
||
the case. Also, make sure the transfer rate of your serial ports is set
|
||
high enough (eg stty 57600 ).
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Christophe
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<a name="zoltan"></a>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
ANSWER: <font color="navy">
|
||
Re: Boot SCSI with IDE Disk Too
|
||
</font> </H3>
|
||
Date: Tue, 2 Feb 1999 21:54:40 +0100<BR>
|
||
From: "Böszörményi Zoltán", <A HREF="mailto:zboszor@mol.hu">zboszor@mol.hu</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
A local ISP tried to install LILO in a machine that has both
|
||
IDE (three disks) and SCSI, and for him the only variation
|
||
that worked was when there was no primary master IDE disk,
|
||
one of the IDE disks was the slave on the primary controller.
|
||
<P>
|
||
The BIOS of course allowed to boot from SCSI but LILO
|
||
complained all the time that /dev/sda in not the first disk
|
||
until the above setting.
|
||
<P>
|
||
After installing LILO the primary slave could be jumpered
|
||
as master but not recommended.
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Zoltan Boszormenyi
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<a name="avelon"></a>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
ANSWER: <font color="navy">
|
||
Question in lg-37
|
||
</font> </H3>
|
||
Date: Tue, 9 Feb 1999 10:52:04 +0100<BR>
|
||
From: Ian Carr-de Avelon, <A HREF="mailto:ian@emit.pl">
|
||
ian@emit.pl></A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
A reaction to:
|
||
<blockquote> <font color="navy">
|
||
I have two 3com modems v90's one is internal "3com v90 voice" and the
|
||
other is External 3com v90 .... I am using each one with a Linux
|
||
System and have them connected to each others by a telephone line ....
|
||
my problem is that I don't get the 56 speed that v90 should have. I
|
||
get 33 or some thing like that... is there a way to tune up the modems
|
||
in Linux operating systems? Thanks a lot.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
Unfortunately this is nothing to do with Linux, so normal folks can't meddle
|
||
with it, as they could if it were something in Linux. The "56K" speed is
|
||
possible only in one direction, and relies on there being a digital connection
|
||
to the phone system at the faster sending end. To get 56K in one direction
|
||
you will need to change one end to ISDN and purchase suitable equipment
|
||
for that end Eg. USR Courier-I. Depending on the cost of ISDN where you
|
||
are, you may be better looking at ISDN at both ends as equipment for
|
||
straight digital ISDN is much cheaper.
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Ian
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<a name="poplawski"></a>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
ANSWER: <font color="navy">
|
||
Supra SupraSonic Int Modem with Linux
|
||
</font> </H3>
|
||
Date: Mon, 08 Feb 1999 09:58:51 PST<BR>
|
||
From: "tom poplawski", <A HREF="mailto:tom_poplawski@hotmail.com">
|
||
tom_poplawski@hotmail.com</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
I have seen the Red Hat page and this about Supra Modems and Linux. I am
|
||
writing this from my Linux box connected to the Internet with my diamond
|
||
SupraSonic II modem. I am using Red Hat 5.2 and made no changes at all
|
||
to get this modem working. I haven't tried using both modems at once -
|
||
yet! At first glance it appears Linux has recognized the other modem as
|
||
well. I haven't been able to tell why Red Hat says it won't work but it
|
||
may need some configuration as a Plug and Play board that Linux can't
|
||
provide. I did use it first in another plug and play operating system
|
||
before Linux.
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Tom
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<a name="brower"></a>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
ANSWER: <font color="navy">
|
||
From .02 Tips issue 36: SupraExpress Modem
|
||
</font> </H3>
|
||
Date: Tue, 1 Dec 1998 09:48:10 -0500<BR>
|
||
From: "Brower, William", <A HREF="mailto:wbrower@indiana.edu">
|
||
wbrower@indiana.edu </A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Richard wrote:
|
||
<blockquote> <font color="navy">
|
||
I have a PII (350MHz) running with an AGP ATI 3DRage graphics card
|
||
(which works fine) and a Sound Blaster 16 PnP (which
|
||
also works fine). But, I can't get my internal SupraExpress 56k
|
||
modem to work.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
Your modem sounded familiar from a past search I had done, so I went to
|
||
Red Hat's www site (http://www.redhat.com/) and followed the
|
||
support | hardware link. You will find this reference in the modem
|
||
category:
|
||
<P>
|
||
Modems that require software drivers for compression, error correction,
|
||
high-speed operation, etc.
|
||
PCI Memory Mapped Modems (these do not act like serial ports)
|
||
Internal SupraExpress 56k & also the Internal SupraSonic 56k
|
||
<P>
|
||
It appears that your modem is inherently not compatible with Linux. I
|
||
use an inexpensive clone modem called the E-Tech Bullet, pc336rvp
|
||
model - paid $28 for it and it operates with no problems at all. Good
|
||
luck in finding a compatible modem!
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Bill
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<a name="winkler"></a>
|
||
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
||
ANSWER: <font color="navy">
|
||
MIDI question
|
||
</font> </H3>
|
||
Date: Tue, 23 Feb 1999 18:47:56 -0500<BR>
|
||
From: Paul Winkler, <A HREF="mailto:zarmzarm@erols.com">
|
||
zarmzarm@erols.com</A>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Subject: Idea for an article
|
||
<blockquote> <font color="navy">
|
||
How about a primer on how to set up one's sound card to do true MIDI?
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Good idea, big topic.
|
||
<blockquote> <font color="navy">
|
||
I have an Ensoniq AudioPCI card and have been successful in getting it
|
||
to play WAV files via the audio
|
||
out port and also simulated MIDI using TIMIDITY.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
That is all the card is capable of. The AudioPCI _does_not_have_ a
|
||
hardware midi synth of any kind!
|
||
<blockquote> <font color="navy">
|
||
But I can't figure out how to get TRUE MIDI rendering like I get with
|
||
the same card in Windows 95.
|
||
</font></blockquote>
|
||
You've been fooled, I'm afraid. Under Win95, the AudioPCI uses a
|
||
software synth (which is what TiMidity is!). Check your system
|
||
resources while playing MIDI... CPU usage should go up.
|
||
<P>
|
||
If you really want / need a card that really has built-in wavetable
|
||
synthesis, make sure you get one that stores the samples in ROM, not
|
||
RAM. If the samples go in RAM, you need software to load them at boot
|
||
time. This software is provided by the manufacturer and guess what... it
|
||
won't run on Linux.
|
||
<P>
|
||
I have a Turtle Beach Malibu which has a 2MB ROM sample set which sounds
|
||
OK. The other snag is I've hardly found any Linux apps which work with
|
||
it! (Jazz++ sequencer works.).
|
||
<P>
|
||
--<BR>
|
||
Paul
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--================================================================-->
|
||
<center>Published in <I>Linux Gazette</I> Issue 38, March 1999</center>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--================================================================-->
|
||
<A HREF="./index.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/indexnew.gif" ALT="[ TABLE OF
|
||
CONTENTS ]"></A> <A HREF="../index.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/homenew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ FRONT PAGE ]">
|
||
</A> <A HREF="./lg_answer38.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/back2.gif" ALT=" Back "></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./cooper.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/fwd.gif" ALT=" Next "></A>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<h5>This page maintained by the Editor of <I>Linux Gazette</I>,
|
||
<A HREF="mailto: gazette@ssc.com">gazette@ssc.com</A><BR>
|
||
Copyright © 1999 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc. </H5>
|
||
<P>
|
||
|
||
<H4>
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">Adding a Second IDE Hard Drive to Your System</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <A HREF="mailto:thegrendel@theriver.com">Mendel Leo Cooper</A></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<FONT SIZE=2 COLOR=#000000>
|
||
Consider the advantages of adding a second drive to your system. True,
|
||
replacing your present drive with a new, low cost, high capacity one
|
||
would seem a better alternative, but... If you can pick up a used 1.3
|
||
gig drive for a coupla bucks at a flea market or you local computer
|
||
dealer (he might have accepted it as a trade-in), then this is indeed
|
||
the cheapest way to upgrade your storage capacity. If you are planning
|
||
to update the kernel on a production system, but are afraid of breaking
|
||
some of your apps, then it is a simple matter to copy your entire ~/,
|
||
/etc, and /usr directories to the second drive, where they would remain
|
||
pristine and untouched by the upgrade. If a few hundred megs would tide
|
||
you over for a few months, until you finish paying off your new patio
|
||
or gambling debts, then save those bucks until next year, when 20 gig
|
||
IDE drives will be a loss leader at your local "Five 'n Dime".
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
|
||
<BR><BR><BR><BR>
|
||
|
||
<H5>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<OL>
|
||
|
||
<LI>The physical mount.
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
Copy down the specs from the label on the drive.
|
||
Make sure it's jumpered as "slave".
|
||
Mount the drive in a spare drive bay, securing it with several screws.
|
||
Attach an IDE cable from the IDE port on the motherboard.
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
<LI>Update the BIOS with the info for the new drive.
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
It may autodetect, but don't count on it. Check the BIOS settings to make
|
||
certain. Setting the 'LBA' option not necessary.
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
<LI>Partitioning.
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
Boot up Linux and partition the new drive:
|
||
As root, fdisk /dev/hdb.
|
||
[primary partition, Linux native]
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
<LI>Format the new drive.
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
mke2fs -cv /dev/hdb1
|
||
[verbose output and check for bad blocks]
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
<LI>Create a mount point.
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
Decide where you will be mounting it and create a mount point.
|
||
For example, if you will mount it as /mnt/drive2, as root,
|
||
cd /mnt
|
||
mkdir drive2
|
||
chmod 777 drive 2
|
||
[makes the new drive accessible to ordinary users.]
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
<LI>Testing.
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
As root, mount -t ext2 /dev/hdb1 /mnt/drive2.
|
||
If no error messages, cd /mnt/drive2, and try creating a directory and
|
||
writing a couple of files.
|
||
If it works, hurray!
|
||
Continue to the final steps.
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
<LI>Modify /etc/fstab.
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
Add the following line to /etc/fstab:
|
||
/dev/hdb1 /mnt/drive2 ext2 defaults 1 1
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
|
||
<LI>Reboot and see if the new drive automounts.
|
||
|
||
</OL>
|
||
|
||
</H5>
|
||
|
||
<BR><BR><BR>
|
||
|
||
<FONT SIZE=1 COLOR=#000000>
|
||
|
||
The <A
|
||
HREF="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Hard-Disk-Upgrade.html">Hard-Disk-Upgrade
|
||
miniHOWTO</A>, by <A HREF="mailto:an@ottawa.com"> Yves Bellefeuille</A>
|
||
contains some of the above info, but in a somewhat different context. In
|
||
any case, the author of this article figured out how to do it mostly by
|
||
<I>trial and error</I> and read the miniHOWTO after the fact.
|
||
|
||
</FONT>
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<center><H5>Copyright © 1999, Mendel Leo Cooper <BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 38 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, March 1999</H5></center>
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<A HREF="./index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../gx/indexnew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="../index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../gx/homenew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ FRONT PAGE ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./lg_tips38.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/back2.gif"
|
||
ALT=" Back "></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./pollman.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/fwd.gif" ALT=" Next "></A>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<H4>
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">Compiling Programs on Linux</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:jpollman@imcnet.net">JC Pollman</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"><font color="#000000">So you are a linux
|
||
newbie and want to get your hands dirty. Most of you, myself included,
|
||
are not programmers, but that does not mean we can not enjoy the benefits
|
||
of open source, and even contribute to the cause. It also means that we
|
||
are at a distinct disadvantage when compiling goes wrong. Compiling is
|
||
usually very simple: nothing to get worried about and certainly nothing
|
||
as hard as programming, but it is not a 100% guaranteed event. What follows
|
||
is a beginner's guide to compiling. It is meant to be a 90% solution for
|
||
people starting out with linux.</font></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm">Sooner, or later, everyone will download
|
||
a program in source code and try to compile it. Even if you are avid follower
|
||
of Red Hat or Debian, you will eventually find a program that is either
|
||
too old, or too new, to find a precompiled binary. The bad news is that
|
||
the code will not always compile no matter what you do - remember, most
|
||
linux programs are beta at best. The good news is that the percentage of
|
||
programs that compile without problems has increased significantly over
|
||
the past five years, and that there are things you can do to "fix" code
|
||
that will not compile without being a programmer.
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"><b>After you download</b>: you now have
|
||
some sort of tarball on your disk. First you must uncompress it and untar
|
||
it to a directory. By convention, most people untar programs to the directory:
|
||
/usr/src. This keeps everything in one place so you can clean it after
|
||
time, as well as keep track of which version of the program you have compiled.
|
||
You will need to be root to use this directory. The linux tar program can
|
||
uncompress and untar a file at the same time if the file was compressed
|
||
using gzip. If you have a file named: filename.tar.gz, you can cd to the
|
||
/usr/src directory and type:
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"><i> tar -xzvf /{path
|
||
to file}/{filename.tar.gz} <font color="#FF0000">[Enter]</font></i>
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm">and it will uncompress and untar. Here
|
||
is a quick explanation of the flags:
|
||
<p> x - untar the file
|
||
<br> z - uncompress the file
|
||
<br> v - verbose - so you can see what is happening
|
||
<br> f - what follows is the file you want to untar
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm">If you used Netscape to download the file,
|
||
you might get an error. Sometimes Netscape will uncompress the file for
|
||
you. So if you try to untar it as listed above you might see:
|
||
<div STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"> gzip: stdin: not in
|
||
gzip format
|
||
<div STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"> tar: Child returned
|
||
status 1</div>
|
||
|
||
<div STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"> tar: Error exit delayed
|
||
from previous errors</div>
|
||
|
||
<div STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm">Try the same command, but leave out the
|
||
z. So it looks like this:
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"><i> tar -xvf /{path
|
||
to file}/{filename.tar.gz} <font color="#FF0000">[Enter]</font></i>
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm">Instead of gzip, many files are using
|
||
bzip2 for the compression, so your file will look like: the-program.tar.bz2.
|
||
The z flag for tar will not work. The easiest way to untar the file is
|
||
to type: bunzip2 the-program.tar.bz2. This will give you the file: the-program.tar,
|
||
which you can untar using:
|
||
<div STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"><i> tar -xvf /{path
|
||
to file}/{filename.tar.gz} <font color="#FF0000">[Enter]</font></i>
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"><b>After untaring</b>: cd to the directory
|
||
that was created when you untared the program. Look at the files in the
|
||
directory: ls. You have to read the README and INSTALL files. Do not think
|
||
you will get the slightest bit of help from anyone if you do not read these
|
||
files. There is a reason why RTFM is one of the most common expressions
|
||
on the net. The README and INSTALL files should tell you how to compile
|
||
and install the program.
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm">To compile, you issue the "make" command.
|
||
In order for "make" to start compiling, it must have a file named: Makefile
|
||
(you could issue "make" options on the command line, but that is beyond
|
||
the scope of this article.) There are three common ways to start the compile:
|
||
simple, Imake, and configure.
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"><b>Simple compile</b>: If you see is a
|
||
file called Makefile - no Imake or configure files, you are going to use
|
||
this method to compile. This method of compiling has the most problems
|
||
because nothing is configured to your computer. Often times the README
|
||
and INSTALL files will tell you to edit some files so it will compile.
|
||
Usually you can then type:
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"><i> make <font color="#FF0000">[Enter]</font></i>
|
||
<div STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"><i> make install <font color="#FF0000">[Enter]</font></i></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm">and if all goes well, you can now run
|
||
the program.
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"><b>Imake</b>: If you ls the directory
|
||
and there is an Imake file and no Makefile, you use this method. This is
|
||
an older way to setup the compiling. Basically, you type:
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"><i> xmkmf <font color="#FF0000">[Enter]</font></i>
|
||
<div STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"><i> make <font color="#FF0000">[Enter]</font></i></div>
|
||
|
||
<div STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"><i> make install <font color="#FF0000">[Enter]</font></i></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"><b>Configure</b>: Use this method of compiling
|
||
if there is a file named configure in the directory. This is the easiest
|
||
way to compile and probably has the highest chance of compiling correctly.
|
||
Essentially it checks your entire system for every possible library and
|
||
support file to ensure you can compile the program, and then creates the
|
||
Makefiles with the correct information. To compile, type:
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"><i> ./configure <font color="#FF0000">[Enter]</font></i>
|
||
<div STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"><i> make <font color="#FF0000">[Enter]</font></i></div>
|
||
|
||
<div STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"><i> make install <font color="#FF0000">[Enter]</font></i></div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm">Notice the ./ in front of the first command.
|
||
When you type a command, you shell looks for the files in your path. It
|
||
does not start looking in your current directory, so if ./ (which means:
|
||
current directory) is not in your path, even though ls can see the file,
|
||
your shell can not it. The shell can execute make because it is usually
|
||
in /usr/bin which is in your path. To see your path, type:
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"><i> echo $PATH <font color="#FF0000">[Enter]</font></i>
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm">If things go wrong:
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm">The most common cause of not compiling
|
||
is missing files. Almost all programs rely on support programs/files/libraries.
|
||
If they are missing, the program can not compile. The README/INSTALL files
|
||
should have told you which files, and which version of the files, you need
|
||
to compile the program. Note: the wrong version will kill you just as much
|
||
as not having it at all. Usually you will know if this is the problem because
|
||
the error statement at the end of the compile will tell you it can not
|
||
find a certain file. Note: sometimes you have the file, but it is not where
|
||
the Makefile says it is. Use your linux distribution install program, e.g.
|
||
rpm, and check to see if you have the missing file. If not, go get it.
|
||
If you do have it, and it is the correct version, check the Makefile to
|
||
see where it thinks the file is. Example: say the file moc is in /usr/local/bin,
|
||
but the Makefile says: moc=/opt/bin/moc. Then just edit the Makefile (with
|
||
vi or whatever you use for text editing) and change where moc is located.
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm">The next most common problem is missing
|
||
include files. Most of the files in the program source directory have lines
|
||
near the top that look something like this:
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"> #include <gtk/gtk.h>
|
||
<div STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"> #include <netinet/in.h></div>
|
||
|
||
<div STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"> #include <arpa/inet.h></div>
|
||
|
||
<div STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm"> #include <stdlib.h</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm">These "h" files (or headder files) must
|
||
exist on your computer. As a minimum, check that you have the kernel headder
|
||
files by: ls /usr/include/linux. If you have installed libraries, like
|
||
gtk, make sure you have also installed the devel files for them as well.
|
||
Sometimes having multiple versions of the same library can cause problems
|
||
as each version could put its header files in different places and you
|
||
will not know which files the compile will use.
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm">If you have made all the necessary changes
|
||
to the Makefiles and have all the libraries and include files and it still
|
||
will not compile do the following IN ORDER:
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm">1. If you downloaded the program from
|
||
a site other than the home site for this program, go to the home site and
|
||
see if there is a newer version available.
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm">2. Go to <a href="http://www.dejanews.com/">www.dejanews.com</a>
|
||
and search for your program. It is very likely that others have had the
|
||
same problem and posted solutions.
|
||
<p>3. If all else fails, email the author. Most program authors are very
|
||
interested in improving their program and bug reports/suggested improvements
|
||
are usually well received (remember: this is linux, not commercial software.)
|
||
Note: your bug report had better say something more than "it did not compile"!
|
||
I usually email the last 10, or so, lines from the xterm compile window
|
||
so the author can see exactly where it died. If I really like the program,
|
||
I will email the author after every new version and give him/her as much
|
||
useable feedback as I can. Please note: programmers are humans too - they
|
||
go on two week vacations, change jobs and locations, and some even have
|
||
to go to class once in a while, so do not expect an immediate reply.
|
||
|
||
<p STYLE="margin-bottom: 0.00cm">Lastly, there are some programs that have
|
||
unique compile setups: qt and the kernel come immediately to mind. To compile
|
||
them, I will beat the horse one last time: read the README and INSTALL
|
||
files!
|
||
<br>
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<center><H5>Copyright © 1999, JC Pollman <BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 38 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, March 1999</H5></center>
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<A HREF="./index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../gx/indexnew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="../index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../gx/homenew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ FRONT PAGE ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./cooper.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/back2.gif"
|
||
ALT=" Back "></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./gm.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/fwd.gif" ALT=" Next "></A>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
|
||
<H4>
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<!-- =============================================================
|
||
These pages are designed by Michael J. Hammel. Permission to
|
||
use all graphics and other content is granted provided you give
|
||
me (or the original authors/artists) credit for the work and this
|
||
copyright notice is not removed.
|
||
|
||
(c)1997, 1998 Michael J. Hammel (mjhammel@graphics-muse.org)
|
||
============================================================= !--><!-- The Button box as a client side imagemap --><map NAME="nav-main"><area SHAPE="rect" HREF="#mews" coords="10,10 170,40"><area SHAPE="rect" HREF="#webwonderings" coords="0,55 175,85"><area SHAPE="rect" HREF="#musings" coords="75,115 170,145"><area SHAPE="rect" HREF="#resources" coords="5,170 110,195"></map>
|
||
<table BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 COLS=2 NOSAVE >
|
||
<tr NOSAVE>
|
||
<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP NOSAVE><img SRC="../gx/hammel/gm-logo-3.jpg" height=169 width=400></td>
|
||
|
||
<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=CENTER NOSAVE>
|
||
<br><b><font size=+1>muse:</font></b>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>v; to become absorbed in
|
||
thought </font></font></i></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>n; [ fr. Any of the nine
|
||
sister goddesses of learning and the arts in Greek Mythology ]: a source
|
||
of inspiration</font></font></i></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
|
||
<center><font size=-2>© 1999 by <a href="mailto:mjhammel@graphics-muse.org">mjh</a></font></center>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<table BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 COLS=2 WIDTH="100%" NOSAVE >
|
||
<tr NOSAVE>
|
||
<td WIDTH="187" NOSAVE><img SRC="../gx/hammel/muse-image-map.jpg" ALT="Button Bar" USEMAP="#nav-main" height=200 width=185 align=LEFT></td>
|
||
|
||
<td VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="65%" NOSAVE>
|
||
<br><img SRC="../gx/hammel/w.gif" ALT="W" height=28 width=36 align=BOTTOM><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>elcome
|
||
to the Graphics Muse! Why a "muse"? Well, except for the sisters aspect,
|
||
the above definitions are pretty much the way I'd describe my own interest
|
||
in computer graphics: it keeps me deep in thought and it is a daily source
|
||
of inspiration. </font></font>
|
||
<center>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>[<a href="#mews">Graphics
|
||
Mews</a>][<a href="#webwonderings">WebWonderings</a>][<a href="#musings">Musings</a>][<a href="#rsrc">Resources</a>]</font></font></center>
|
||
|
||
<p><img SRC="../gx/hammel/t.gif" ALT="T" height=28 width=26><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>his
|
||
column is dedicated to the use, creation, distribution, and discussion
|
||
of computer graphics tools for Linux systems.</font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<table BORDER=0 COLS=2 WIDTH="100%" NOSAVE >
|
||
<tr NOSAVE>
|
||
<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP NOSAVE><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>You'll
|
||
notice a few minor changes to this months column. First, I've got
|
||
a sponsor: <a href="http://www.softpro.com">SoftPro Books</a> is
|
||
providing books for me to do book reviews. In exchange, I'll be linking
|
||
the book covers to their site so you can order them. Their sponsorship
|
||
allows me to do more book reviews than normal since otherwise I'd have
|
||
to purchase the books. And that gets expensive. So if you think
|
||
the book being reviewed is for you, please consider purchasing it from
|
||
SoftPro Books.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Second, I've signed up for
|
||
Associate/Affiliate programs with <b><font color="#CC6600">Amazon.com</font></b>
|
||
and <b><font color="#CC6600">fatbrain.com</font></b>, respectively.
|
||
If you're considering buying some other books online, I'd appreciate it
|
||
if you visited their site via these links. If you buy books via these
|
||
links I get a small stipend, which over the long term I can use to buy
|
||
equipement. Right now I'm trying to get some cash together to get
|
||
a TV card so I can do an article on software for those beasts.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>In this months column you'll
|
||
find:</font></font>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
A review of Jennifer Niederst's book Web Design In A Nutshell</li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
Information on accessing non-keyboard characters in X</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<center><table BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=5 COLS=2 WIDTH="100%" NOSAVE >
|
||
<tr NOSAVE>
|
||
<td ALIGN=CENTER NOSAVE><a href="http://www.clbooks.com/home.html?from=CJK692"><img SRC="./gx/hammel/cla_small.gif" HSPACE=10 BORDER=0 height=22 width=100 align=CENTER></a></td>
|
||
|
||
<td ALIGN=CENTER NOSAVE><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect-home/thegraphicsmuse"><img SRC="./gx/hammel/amazon-logo.gif" BORDER=0 height=29 width=90></a>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-2>Associate</font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table></center>
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
<td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="220" NOSAVE>
|
||
<table BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=4 COLS=1 NOSAVE >
|
||
<tr NOSAVE>
|
||
<td ALIGN=CENTER VALIGN=CENTER WIDTH="219" NOSAVE><img SRC="./gx/hammel/artistsguide.jpg" height=140 width=110></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr NOSAVE>
|
||
<td NOSAVE><b><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica">The Artists' Guide to the
|
||
Gimp</font></i></b>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Available online from <a href="http://www1.clbooks.com/asp/bookinfo/bookinfo.asp?theisbn=1578310113&from=CJK692">
|
||
fatbrain.com</a>,
|
||
<a href="http://www.softpro.com/softpro/1-57831-011-3.html">SoftPro
|
||
Books</a> and <a href="http://search.borders.com/fcgi-bin/db2www/search/search.d2w/Details?&mediaType=Book&prodID=51315727">Borders
|
||
Books</a>.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>In Denver, try the <a href="http://www.tatteredcover.com/cgi-bin/bookfind.pl?lit_ttl=Gimp&Id=733947.13300&refer=list&page=book&isbn=1-57831-011-3&str=1">Tattered
|
||
Cover </a>bookstore.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Also, check out the associated
|
||
web site, <a href="http://www.thegimp.com">TheGimp.com</a>, sponsored by
|
||
SSC, Inc. and edited by The Graphics Muse - <b><font color="#993300">Michael
|
||
J. Hammel</font></b>.</font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><a NAME="mews"></a><img SRC="../gx/hammel/mews.jpg" height=50 width=245>
|
||
<table BORDER=0 COLS=3 WIDTH="100%" NOSAVE >
|
||
<tr NOSAVE>
|
||
<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="140" NOSAVE>
|
||
<table BORDER CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=2 COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%" BGCOLOR="#FE992B" NOSAVE >
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Other Announcements:</font></font></b></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mews.html#metro-x">Metro
|
||
Link support for Rendition / Nvidia cards</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mews.html#clickable-imagemap-release">Release
|
||
0.3 of a clickable imagemap plug-in for the Gimp</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr NOSAVE>
|
||
<td NOSAVE><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mews.html#giram">Giram
|
||
0.0.6</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr NOSAVE>
|
||
<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP NOSAVE><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mews.html#tgif">tgif
|
||
4.0.13</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr NOSAVE>
|
||
<td NOSAVE><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mews.html#sketch">Sketch
|
||
0.5.3</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mews.html#kuickshow">KuickShow
|
||
0.6.3</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mews.html#wmtune">wmtune
|
||
for bttv 1.0</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mews.html#freedraft">FREEdraft
|
||
0.3.6</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mews.html#grass">GRASS
|
||
5.0 beta</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mews.html#w3c-vector-graphics">W3C
|
||
aims to streamline vector graphics</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mews.html#netscape-flash-plugin">Netscape
|
||
Flash Plugin 0.4.3</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mews.html#video-server">Video
|
||
Server 0.5.4</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mews.html#poorman-cam">Poor
|
||
Man's Cam 1.1</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mews.html#gilt">GILT
|
||
0.1.0</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mews.html#zope">Zope
|
||
1.10pr1</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mews.html#gview">gView
|
||
0.1.0</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr NOSAVE>
|
||
<td ALIGN=CENTER NOSAVE><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><
|
||
<a href="mews.html">More
|
||
Mews</a> ></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
<td WIDTH="1" NOSAVE></td>
|
||
|
||
<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP NOSAVE>
|
||
<table BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=3 COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" NOSAVE >
|
||
<tr NOSAVE>
|
||
<td NOSAVE><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b>Disclaimer</b>:
|
||
Before I get too far into this I should note that any of the news items
|
||
I post in this section are just that - news. Either I happened to run across
|
||
them via some mailing list I was on, via some Usenet newsgroup, or via
|
||
email from someone. I'm not necessarily endorsing these products (some
|
||
of which may be commercial), I'm just letting you know I'd heard about
|
||
them in the past month.</font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<hr NOSHADE WIDTH="100%"></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>XawTV 2.34</font></font></b>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Gerd Knorr </font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>XawTV is a simple Xaw-based
|
||
TV program which uses the bttv driver or video4linux. It contains various
|
||
command-line utilities for grabbing images and avi movies, for tuning in
|
||
TV stations, etc. A grabber driver for vic and a radio application (needs
|
||
KDE) for the boards with radio support are included as well. Changes:
|
||
15 bpp problems fixed, NTSC-HRC support added, driver updates (sync up
|
||
with bttv 0.6.1, msp3400 nicam changes).</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://www.in-berlin.de/User/kraxel/xawtv.html">http://www.in-berlin.de/User/kraxel/xawtv.html</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>Random Quotes:</font></font></b>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Seen on the <a href="http://www.mostang.com/sane/">SANE</a>
|
||
web site (in the legend explaining the supported scanner list):</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>"<b>stable</b>"
|
||
means someone is pulling your leg.</font></font></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="65%">
|
||
<br><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>"When I read a book about
|
||
computers, they're written by Martians, for Martians. They don't
|
||
know how to spell out a word. Everything has to be three letters.
|
||
This drives me batty. In fact, when I rule the world, there will
|
||
be a glossary at the bottom of every page and every photograph in every
|
||
computer publication that says exactly what these abbreviations are."</font></font></i>
|
||
<blockquote><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Harold Feinstein,
|
||
as quoted from the February 1999 issue of <a href="http://www.peimag.com">PEI
|
||
Magazine.</a></font></font></blockquote>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>Tech Soft America Announces
|
||
support for Linux Operating System in HOOPS 3D Graphics System v4.41</font></font></b>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Tech Soft America (TSA),
|
||
developer of the popular HOOPS 3D Graphics System today announced support
|
||
for the Linux Operating System in their 4.41 release. This announcement
|
||
further expands HOOPS' already extensive platform coverage and will enable
|
||
high-end 3D applications to be built for Linux using HOOPS - a robust graphics
|
||
development component with a proven track record in the CAD/CAM/CAE GIS
|
||
and Geophysical application markets.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://www.newsalert.com/bin/story?StoryId=CnTohubKbytaYnZy&FQ=Linux&SymHdl=1&Nav=na-search-&StoryTitle=Linux">Complete
|
||
announcement.</a></font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://www.hoops3d.com/">Hoops3D
|
||
Web site.</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>FreeWRL 0.1.8</font></font></b>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>John A. Stewart (CRC Canada)</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>FreeWRL is a free VRML browser
|
||
for Linux. It aims to be fully VRML97 compliant, complete with scripting
|
||
in Perl, Java and Javascript, and EAI. It is written mostly in Perl, with
|
||
some C for library interfaces & rendering and uses OpenGL (Mesa) for
|
||
graphics. The current versions are still alpha-stage and there are
|
||
several pieces missing (especially certain field types in EAI etc) but
|
||
it is quite usable in various types of worlds. Changes: Some bugs
|
||
fixed. New maintainer - John Stewart - CRC Canada</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://debra.dgbt.crc.ca/~luigi/FreeWRL/">http://debra.dgbt.crc.ca/~luigi/FreeWRL/</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>ttmkfdir current</font></font></b>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>jpo</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>ttmkfdir is a tool to create
|
||
valid and complete fonts.dir files from TrueType fonts. It is very useful
|
||
when you plan to use a TrueType enabled font server that is based on the
|
||
X11R6 sample implementation (xfsft for instance). Great care has been taken
|
||
to correctly identify the encodings that a given TrueType font supports.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Changes: First freshmeat
|
||
announcement.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://www.darmstadt.gmd.de/~pommnitz/ttmkfdir.tar.gz">http://www.darmstadt.gmd.de/~pommnitz/ttmkfdir.tar.gz</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>xfsft 1.0.3</font></font></b>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>jpo</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>The Xfsft patches to X11R6
|
||
enable X11 servers (including XFree86) to use TrueType fonts and improves
|
||
on the way X11 handles international scalable fonts.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Changes: New in version 1.0.3
|
||
is support for international Type 1 and Speedo</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>fonts.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Download: <a href="ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/X11/fonts/xfsft-1.0.3.tar.gz">ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/X11/fonts/xfsft-1.0.3.tar.gz</a></font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Red Hat Packages: <a href="http://www.darmstadt.gmd.de/~pommnitz/XF86-xfsft/index.html">http://www.darmstadt.gmd.de/~pommnitz/XF86-xfsft/index.html</a></font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Homepage: <a href="http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jec/programs/xfsft/">http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jec/programs/xfsft/</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>Retardotracer 1.0.0</font></font></b>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Michael Leibowitz</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Retardotracer is a raytracer
|
||
written in C++ that raytraces both reverse and forwards for each polygon.
|
||
This allows it to accurately model some (and only some) things. It
|
||
works in parallel, which is kinda neat. Foo, Bar, and Baz are included.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Changes: This is the first
|
||
release.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://www.ece.utexas.edu/~leibowit/retardotracer/">http://www.ece.utexas.edu/~leibowit/retardotracer/</a>
|
||
(only provides access to tarball)</font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>Dave Gnukem 0.4</font></font></b>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>David Joffe</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Dave Gnukem is a GPL'ed 2D
|
||
Scrolling platform game, similar to Duke Nukem 1. It includes a sprite
|
||
and level editor. The game and editor use GGI, and thus runs on the console
|
||
as well as in a window under X.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Changes: Added teleporters,
|
||
bananas, title screen image; Some cosmetic additions, bugfixes, structural
|
||
game-flow improvements, menu improvements, new sprite editor features,
|
||
full-screen mode in X.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Lofts/2018/djgame.html">http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Lofts/2018/djgame.html</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>TexturePaint 1.1</font></font></b>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Uwe Maurer</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>TexturePaint is a Gimp plugin
|
||
which displays a Quake I/II model in an openGL window and shows a texture
|
||
image mapped on the model. You can modify the texture image with GIMP and
|
||
view the result in the 3d window. You can also paint in the 3d view and
|
||
TexturePaint calculates the texture for you.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Changes: Autoconf , Support
|
||
for Quake I models</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://home.t-online.de/home/uwe_maurer/texpaint.htm">http://home.t-online.de/home/uwe_maurer/texpaint.htm</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>SGI announces the Open
|
||
Source release of GLX</font></font></b>
|
||
<blockquote><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>"GLX provides the
|
||
glue connecting OpenGL® and the X Window System<sup>TM</sup> and is
|
||
required by any OpenGL implementation using X."</font></font></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>For the complete announcement,
|
||
go to <a href="http://www.sgi.com/software/opensource/glx/">http://www.sgi.com/software/opensource/glx/</a>.</font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>Linux and 3D Graphics
|
||
BoF @ LinuxWorld</font></font></b>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>John Leech is organizing
|
||
a BOF (Birds-of-a-Feather) session on Linux and 3D graphics at Linux World
|
||
Expo in March. The details:</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Linux/3D BOF</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Wednesday, March 3, 1999</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>San Jose Convention Center</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Room A4 5:30-7 PM</font></font></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>If you have a topic to discuss,
|
||
please contact me about it in advance (email to <a href="mailto:lwbof@oddhack.engr.sgi.com">lwbof@oddhack.engr.sgi.com</a>).
|
||
Items already on the list:</font></font>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Current status of OpenGL, and
|
||
GLX source code release (Jon Leech, Silicon Graphics)</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Direct rendering architecture
|
||
status (Frank LaMonica, Precision Insight)</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Darryll Strauss will be giving
|
||
a conference talk with an overview of the various OpenGL and Mesa projects
|
||
touching Linux at 2:30, and he will join us at the BOF to follow up.</font></font></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Jon Leech</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>OpenGL Group</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Silicon Graphics</font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<p><!--
|
||
-- Did You Know Section
|
||
-->
|
||
<h2>
|
||
Did You Know?</h2>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>...the Gimp was
|
||
mentioned in an article discussing alternatives to Photoshop in the February
|
||
1999 issue of <a href="http://www.peimag.com">PEI (Photo Electronic Imaging)
|
||
</a>magazine?</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>...holding the Control [CTRL]
|
||
key down while rotating [Gimp images and layers] locks it to 15 degree
|
||
increments.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Seth Burgess <sjburges@gimp.org></font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>...the relatively new <a href="http://www.wacom.com">Wacom
|
||
Intuos</a> drawing tablets are reported to work with the Gimp now.
|
||
Take a look at <a href="http://www.gtk.org/~otaylor/xinput/">http://www.gtk.org/~otaylor/xinput/</a>
|
||
for help on setting up X Input (required for using tablets under the X
|
||
Window System) and <a href="http://levien.com/free/linux_intuos.html">http://levien.com/free/linux_intuos.html</a>
|
||
for information on the Intuos driver status. Seth Burgess says "Support
|
||
for tablets is improved in Gimp 1.1.x with a new "Ink" tool that is just
|
||
too much fun to play with. Of course 1.1.x is development, and crashes
|
||
semi-regularly, so use at your own risk."</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>...there is a TrueType for
|
||
XFree86 Mini-Howto at <a href="http://www.sfu.ca/~yzhang/linux/truetype/">http://www.sfu.ca/~yzhang/linux/truetype/</a>.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>...there is an interesting
|
||
article by Cecil Adams on the history of the ratios for TV and movie screens
|
||
at <a href="http://www.straightdope.com/columns/981120.html">http://www.straightdope.com/columns/981120.html</a>.</font></font>
|
||
<br> </blockquote>
|
||
<!--
|
||
-- Q and A Section
|
||
-->
|
||
<h2>
|
||
Q and A</h2>
|
||
<i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Q: Can I restore the
|
||
default values on a [Gimp plug-in] easily? If I experiment with various
|
||
bump map settings, for example, and I want to get back to defaults, how
|
||
do I do that without shutting GIMP down?</font></font></i>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>A: Some plug-ins have
|
||
Reset or Defaults buttons but many do not. There is no standard for
|
||
how plug-ins should behave for resetting to default values.</font></font>
|
||
<p><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Q: Can I have more
|
||
than 1 layers dialog open simultaneously, rather than switching from image
|
||
to image. This is annoying when I'm working on several multi-layer
|
||
images together.</font></font></i>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>A: No, its not possible.
|
||
But when you press Ctrl-L in an image the layers dialog shows the layers
|
||
of this image. So you can switch faster to other images than to use the
|
||
mouse.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Jens Finke <<a href="mailto:pearl@darkride.net">pearl@darkride.net</a>></font></font>
|
||
<p><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Q: Someone mentioned
|
||
this recently, saying what map projection is required to get a map of Earth
|
||
correctly image mapped on to a sphere in POV-Ray, and even mentioning a
|
||
web site where such a map can be found.</font></font></i>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>A1: There is a collection
|
||
of bitmapped planet surfaces at the IMP website:</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://www.imp.org/members/scene/test_a/scripta.html">http://www.imp.org/members/scene/test_a/scripta.html</a></font></font></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>There are also links to sources
|
||
and methods of projection. The maps here are not necessarily 'correct',
|
||
but I would be interested in knowing how to do the correction.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Nigel Stewart (<a href="mailto:nigels@eisa.net.au">nigels@eisa.net.au</a>)</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>A2: The maps at that
|
||
site [listed in A1 above] are certainly much nicer than the others I have
|
||
found, and they also appear to be the correct projection for POV's map_type
|
||
1.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Robert Sorenson</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mailto:zephyr@nerc.com">zephyr@nerc.com</a></font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>A3: For the most part
|
||
(+95% of maps) you should map them cyllindricly onto a sphere, and they
|
||
look great.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Simon de Vet</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://home.istar.ca/~sdevet">http://home.istar.ca/~sdevet</a></font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>A4: <a href="http://maps.jpl.nasa.gov/">http://maps.jpl.nasa.gov/ </a>
|
||
(yes, Nasa, the space agency)</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Scott McDonald</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mailto:scott@urbandragons.com">scott@urbandragons.com</a></font></font>
|
||
<p><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Q: I am an "end user"
|
||
of my own Linux-based system, having recently graduated from that "other"
|
||
OS. I miss having the font selection I have on the other side of
|
||
my hard drive (my computer has a split personality). I have the new
|
||
WordPerfect 8 for Linux and the fonts are boring! I would like at
|
||
least one good blackletter, script, or classic type face (Goudy, Caslon,etc.)
|
||
but I don't know where to look or even if they are available for Linux.
|
||
Any ideas? Kinene Barzin <<a href="mailto:KBarzin@compuserve.com">KBarzin@compuserve.com</a>></font></font></i>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>A: Linux, actually
|
||
the X Window System, uses Adobe Type 1 fonts by default. You're probably
|
||
used to True Type fonts. You <i>can</i> use both on your system,
|
||
but there are a few tricks to getting things to work.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>The easiest method is to
|
||
find Type 1 versions of the fonts you already have. I have found
|
||
that many of the font collections on CDs available from the local software
|
||
stores come with both True Type and Type 1 fonts. I just copy the
|
||
Type 1 fonts to a local directory and then tell the X server to include
|
||
this new directory. Take a look at the <b><font color="#006600">xset</font></b>
|
||
command, in particular the "fp" option. You'll also want to take
|
||
a look at the <a href="http://goblet.anu.edu.au/~m9305357/type1inst.html">Type1Inst</a>
|
||
script, which will configure the new directory so WordPerfect, the Gimp
|
||
and other tools can use the common Font name instead of the longer XLFD,
|
||
X Logical Font Description (that long name with all the dashes in it).</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Alternatively, you can use
|
||
the True Type fonts through the use of a Font Server. A Font server
|
||
is a separate program that talks to the X server and manages fonts for
|
||
the server. There are two fonts servers available that handle True
|
||
Type fonts: <b><font color="#006600">xfstt</font></b> and <b><font color="#006600">xfsft</font></b>
|
||
(similar names, but different programs). Look on <a href="http://www.freshmeat.net">freshmeat</a>
|
||
for where these can be downloaded. Font servers should be able to handle
|
||
both True Type and Type 1 fonts, but I've not tried to do mix them.
|
||
Using xset it should also be possible to mix local Type 1 fonts with those
|
||
managed using a font server.</font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<h2>
|
||
Reader Mail</h2>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Cecile Hebert-Souche <<a href="mailto:souche@atp6000.tuwien.ac.at">souche@atp6000.tuwien.ac.at</a>>
|
||
wrote to the Gimp-User mailing list:</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>I see a lot of
|
||
posts regarding problems with font installation, I had a tip for those
|
||
who have bought applix : it comes with a wonderful fontmanager (applix/axdatas/fontmetrics/gallium/fontfm)
|
||
just start it as root and you can manage your fonts in a very easy way,
|
||
create subdirectories and activate them only on need, test fonts before
|
||
installing etc...</font></font></i></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b><i><font color="#993300">'Muse</font></i></b>:
|
||
I tried this with my installation of Applix and sure enough, its a fine
|
||
font previewer. Certainly better than most of the other tools I have
|
||
for previewing fonts. I didn't try it for managing font directories
|
||
but it does appear to permit this.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mailto:whitenoise@fishnet.com">whitenoise@fishnet.com</a>
|
||
wrote:</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>A Linux freak
|
||
of mine sent me your URL. Cool graphics (esp. like Angel). I do some
|
||
designing/putzing as well - mostly Photoshop - and I was curious where
|
||
you get the initial images of the women? The graphics I do are ok but I
|
||
always seem to get stuck finding GOOD images of women that I can reproduce
|
||
without spending money or getting sued for infringement. By GOOD pictures
|
||
of women, I mean head shots, eyes, lips, necklines, that type of thing.
|
||
Stock photography is one out (like Digital Stock) but I'd be curious
|
||
to hear your response.</font></font></i></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b><i><font color="#993300">'Muse:</font></i></b>
|
||
Angel (and some of the others) were taken from one of <b><font color="#006600">Corel's
|
||
Super Ten Packs.</font></b> I did a short review of these in my November
|
||
1998 issue of my Graphics Muse colum. These are royalty free images
|
||
in fairly high resolutions. Maybe not quite good enough for print
|
||
media, but pretty close. And certainly less expensive (about $40)
|
||
than other stock image collections.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>However, I have the same
|
||
problem as you - its hard to find good photos of faces. The only
|
||
thing I can think of other than the stock photo collections is to hook
|
||
up with a decent photographer, perhaps a friend, acquaintance or maybe
|
||
a student at a local university who is looking for some way to showcase
|
||
their work.</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Also, where did
|
||
you get the design pattern for a subject like Angel - you know, all those
|
||
brick like things? It almost looks like you selected a range and did a
|
||
lighting effect to get one side "sunny" and the other hidden in shadow.
|
||
Anyway, what you'd care to share I'd appreciate.</font></font></i></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b><i><font color="#993300">'Muse:</font></i></b>
|
||
Its actually a combination of effects. I can't remember how I started
|
||
it but I think it was with a brick pattern that I fiddled with in the Gimp
|
||
plug-in called Gimpressionist. I think I used it as both a layer
|
||
and a layer mask, and I used it multiple times. This much I do remember:
|
||
it took quite some time to get that image just right.</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>If you find time,
|
||
I'd appreciate your feedback. There aren't too many people who's
|
||
work I go ga-ga over but you stuff rocks pretty well.</font></font></i></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b><i><font color="#993300">'Muse</font></i></b>:
|
||
Thanks.</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>You ever heard
|
||
of Peter Lessing? He's a designer/photographer who's big on the female
|
||
form - not like www.gogogirls.com but more subdued and flattering. I think
|
||
you'd like his work.</font></font></i></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><i><font color="#993300">'Muse</font></i>:
|
||
Send me a URL if you have one. I do like looking at art work online.
|
||
It helps motivate me to do more work. I don't know if you like the
|
||
style, but you might take a look at http://www.sirius.com/~fenster/.
|
||
I don't know what this style is called - maybe Modern Gothic? - but I like
|
||
it. She's also done a fairly nice job in displaying the gallery.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Another guy I like is <b><font color="#006600">Tim
|
||
Umney</font></b>. He was featured in Issue #37 of <a href="http://www.designgraphics.com.au">Design
|
||
Graphics </a>(an Australian graphics design magazine focused on the use
|
||
of computers to do the artwork). He's a HR Giger fan and his work
|
||
shows it. Sort of has an X Files feel to it, too. It took some
|
||
searching, but I found his website at <a href="http://homepages.tig.com.au/~umney/">http://homepages.tig.com.au/~umney/</a>.</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>I don't ask much,
|
||
do I? If what I've requested above isn't enough, could you toss in
|
||
a million dollars? Just throw that in as an attachment.</font></font></i></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b><i><font color="#993300">'Muse</font></i></b>:
|
||
I use text based mail readers on Linux. So I don't do attachments.
|
||
:-)</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Corel's a huge
|
||
outfit but they're not really the market leader in anything, maybe that's
|
||
why I never considered their photos/images before. Didn't even know they
|
||
offered them.</font></font></i></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b><i><font color="#993300">'Muse</font></i></b>:
|
||
Corel is actually quite well known for their stock photo collection.
|
||
I learned about them by reading Design Graphics. You can get it at
|
||
most Barnes and Nobles or Borders bookstores.</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>I'm surprised
|
||
some vendor (such as corel) hasn't come out with a "women only" photo collection,
|
||
or something similar. I would think there would be a market for such an
|
||
animal.</font></font></i></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b><i><font color="#993300">'Muse</font></i></b>:
|
||
There is at least one SuperTen collection from Corel called "Women".
|
||
You can also order individual shots from their web site of stock photos.
|
||
There are a lot of photos of womens faces there. Check that issue
|
||
of the Graphics Muse column that I did the Corel SuperTen write up on -
|
||
I think it was somewhere between August and November of last year (but
|
||
I'm too lazy to go look for it right now).</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Anything worth
|
||
doing always seems to take a long time. Have you looked into doing prints
|
||
or otherwise reselling them?</font></font></i></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b><i><font color="#993300">'Muse</font></i></b>:
|
||
In the future, perhaps. I was thinking of making a series of images
|
||
for a calendar, but there are business problems with calendars: low
|
||
margins, high production costs, etc. None of the images (well, except
|
||
for the Linux Journal covers I did) are large enough to transfer to print
|
||
media very well. You need to make <i>very</i> large images if you
|
||
plan on printing them out in high quality gloss prints.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Jason Thomas Murray <<a href="mailto:lather@electrografix.com">lather@electrografix.com</a>></font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Erm, I have been
|
||
wanting to make some basic CD jackets.</font></font></i></blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote><tt><font size=-1>+----+----+</font></tt>
|
||
<br><tt><font size=-1>| | |</font></tt>
|
||
<br><tt><font size=-1>| | |</font></tt>
|
||
<br><tt><font size=-1>+----+----+</font></tt>
|
||
<p><tt><font size=-1> ^-- the fold.</font></tt></blockquote>
|
||
<i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>I was able to convert the
|
||
size into points fer LaTeX, but I wanna use the GIMP. Does anyone know
|
||
what dimensions I need to use for the image? It looks like the new GIMP
|
||
is going to have inches as an option for new image sizes, but not sure
|
||
I want to wait that long for the next stable.</font></font></i></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b><i><font color="#993300">'Muse:</font></i></b>
|
||
Short answer: Measure the jacket you want to print on. Multiply
|
||
by the DPI your printer will be printing at and that gives you the dimensions
|
||
for the image you want to make.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Long answer: Go to
|
||
my Muse back issues and look for the discussion on DPI/LPI. Its not
|
||
hard to do the conversion from paper inches to pixels if you have the right
|
||
information, you just have to know what information to gather to do the
|
||
conversion.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://www.graphics-muse.org/linux.html">http://www.graphics-muse.org/linux.html</a>
|
||
- click on the "muse" button.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Nancy Mazur wrote to the
|
||
Gimp-User list:</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>I've got a drawing
|
||
with a bit of text here and there, yet I'm not glad about the font I've
|
||
chosen initially, and now I'd like to set all of my text into another font.
|
||
How can I do this without having to delete my previous text, create new
|
||
text in new font, and reposition that new text as the old one used to be?</font></font></i></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b><i><font color="#993300">'Muse</font></i></b>:
|
||
Well, it actually can be done, but its not easy.</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Is there an easy
|
||
solution to this? Perhaps I keep on understanding Gimp's philosophy
|
||
in a wrong way.</font></font></i></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Christopher Curtis replied:</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>The GIMP is a
|
||
bitmap tool. Once something is "done", it cannot be "undone" or "modified"
|
||
(Undo/Redo excepting). The text will have to be recreated.</font></font></i></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b><i><font color="#993300">'Muse:</font></i></b>
|
||
This is true if the text has already been merged with other layers in the
|
||
image. If the image is one you just scanned in, then the text is
|
||
already part of the single layer you scanned in. In any case, the
|
||
text is a bitmap image, not a vector image. That means you just can't
|
||
edit the text. In a bitmapped image, its not really text - its just
|
||
a bunch of pixels that happened to be shaped like letters.</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Some things you
|
||
may want to consider in the future is to put text on its own layer so that
|
||
it does not corrupt existing image data. This makes things slower
|
||
because it uses more memory, but is generally a good idea, especially for
|
||
things like text where lines are important. It is always possible
|
||
to have layers smaller than the image as well, and this may help speed-wise.</font></font></i></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b><i><font color="#993300">'Muse</font></i></b>:
|
||
This is correct, and part of the solution to saving the old text.
|
||
What you can do to save the old text is to make a selection of that text,
|
||
float the selection and make that floating layer a new layer. Then
|
||
add two new layers: one "patch" layer that fills in the background
|
||
where the old text used to be and another that is the new text. Position
|
||
the layers so the original is at the bottom, the patch is right above it
|
||
and the new text above that. The old text layer can be anywhere -
|
||
just make sure its visibility has been turned off (click on the eye icon
|
||
in the layers dialog).</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>The most difficult part of
|
||
this technique is creating the patch. This is due to the fact that
|
||
the original image probably was not a solid color so creating the patch
|
||
requires multiple steps:</font></font>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>create a solid patch that is
|
||
very near the original image background colors.</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>select a region of background
|
||
off the original image</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>paste into the patch</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>use the clone tool to copy from
|
||
the pasted region to the edges of the patch.</font></font></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Its tricky, but you can do it
|
||
if the background was not too complex of a design. The more solid
|
||
the original background the better.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>All of this simply replaces
|
||
the old text with new text, but both "texts" end up as new layers in the
|
||
Gimp image. You need to save the file as an .xcf format file in order
|
||
to preserve the layers. Once you "flatten" the layers or "merge visible
|
||
layers" then the layer information is gone and you have a single bitmap
|
||
image (and if the old text layers visibility is turned off then the old
|
||
text goes away in the flattened image).</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><i><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Another thing
|
||
to look at is the gDynText plugin. I don't know the URL offhand,
|
||
but you can find references to it from <a href="http://news.gimp.org">news.gimp.org
|
||
</a>and
|
||
from <a href="http://registry.gimp.org">registry.gimp.org</a>. Simply
|
||
download and untar the file, then type "gimptool --install gdyntext.c"
|
||
(if that's the source file name). You may want to read the README
|
||
that comes with it.</font></font></i></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b><i><font color="#993300">'Muse</font></i></b>:
|
||
You can also, as a short cut, create a text file using vi (or some other
|
||
editor) and then copy/paste from that window into the stock Text Tool window.
|
||
Pasting this way will get you multi-line text, which you can't get if you
|
||
simply try to type newlines in the Text Tool's text input window.
|
||
Thats just an additional trick for getting multiline text into your image.</font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><a NAME="webwonderings"></a><img SRC="../gx/hammel/webwonderings.jpg" height=57 width=246>
|
||
<h2>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica">Book Review: Web Design In a Nutshell</font></h2>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Author: Jennifer Niederst</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Publisher: O'Reilly</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Price: $24.95 from SoftPro
|
||
Books</font></font>
|
||
<p><a href="http://www.softpro.com/softpro/1-56592-515-7.html"><img SRC="./gx/hammel/web-design-cover.jpg" HSPACE=10 VSPACE=5 BORDER=0 height=208 width=140 align=RIGHT></a>
|
||
<br>Although I do a fair amount of web design, it has been quite some time
|
||
since I've picked up any references on HTML , JavaScript or general
|
||
web page layout. When it came time for this months Muse column I
|
||
find, as usual, I couldn't find something new to write up. It
|
||
then hit me that its been quite some time since I'd done any book reviews.
|
||
<p>So off I went to visit SoftPro Books, my favorite local haunt here in
|
||
Denver for technical-oriented texts. I browsed the shelves for
|
||
a solid hour (it had, after all, been over a year since I'd last visited
|
||
them - I'd been Dallas all that time) for something new on graphics but
|
||
applicable to Linux. A few items looked promising but nothing stood
|
||
out as particularly motivating. I then moved over to the Web-based
|
||
texts. <b>Web Design In A Nutshell </b>by Jennifer Niederst caught
|
||
my eye, partly because of its familiar O'Reilly cover. Since I had
|
||
never done a review for Web Wonderings I thought this would be a good choice.
|
||
<p>The first problem I have when doing book reviews is to find one that
|
||
is applicable to Linux users. Keep in mind that although there are
|
||
plenty of administrative texts for Linux, there are relatively few that
|
||
are specific to Linux in other areas of computing. I scanned
|
||
the table of contents of Jennifer's text looking to see if there were any
|
||
glaring OS issues. There is mention of Shockwave and Flash under
|
||
one chapter heading, but other than that the five part, 27 chapter text
|
||
looked fairly platform inspecific. Thats a good sign for a text on
|
||
a subject that isn't supposed to care much about which platform its running
|
||
on. A quick chat with the SoftPro crew and I headed home with
|
||
the text.
|
||
<p>Once home I did a little deeper research. First, the 27 chapters
|
||
are broken into 5 parts (not including the appendices): The Web Environment,
|
||
HTML, Graphics, Mutlimedia and Interactivity, and Emerging Technologies.
|
||
Each chapter within these parts is fairly short and to the point - exactly
|
||
what you'd expect and need from a Nutshell reference. The opening
|
||
chapter, Designing for a Variety of Web Browsers, is a good lead in.
|
||
It talks about the various browsers out there, some less well known than
|
||
others, and includes a very helpful table showing feature support for many
|
||
of the different versions of Netscape, IE, and other browers. This
|
||
is followed in the next chapter with information on designing for various
|
||
display issues and includes graphical descriptions of the maximum and minimum
|
||
screen space available to both Netscape and IE users. A brief
|
||
list on making sites accessible (such as to speech synthesis software)
|
||
rounds out this chapter.
|
||
<p>The next chapter unveiled hidden platform specifics that I'd missed
|
||
on first glance - throughout the text there sprinkled pointers to tools
|
||
that can be used to deal with the current chapters topics. Unfortunately,
|
||
these pointers are decidedly MS and Mac oriented. The third chapter
|
||
goes beyond this by offering an introduction to accessing Unix systems
|
||
(as if they were so foriegn!). Despite these hidden annoyances, most
|
||
of the text is still platform inspecific. So you can just skip those
|
||
short tools sections.
|
||
<p>Through out the text there are tables and graphical descriptions mixed
|
||
in with the text. The tables are especially good. For example,
|
||
chapter 5 has a table showing relationships between common color names
|
||
(as defined by the X Window System), their RGB and Hex equivalents
|
||
<b>AND</b> the nearest Web safe color. This last bit is a new twist
|
||
on other tables like this that I've seen and is a nice bonus. Later
|
||
in the same chapter is a table showing the character codes used for displaying
|
||
various uncommon characters in HTML.
|
||
<p>Jennifer uses a nice guide when defining specific HTML tags - she shows
|
||
which of 5 browsers (with their various releases included) support that
|
||
tag. For example, the horizontal rule tag definition opens like this:
|
||
<br><img SRC="./gx/hammel/hr-example.jpg" VSPACE=10 height=82 width=580>
|
||
<br>In this case all the browsers support the <hr> tag. If any
|
||
of them didn't, they would be grayed out. This makes it easy to find
|
||
which tags are browser specific and, therefore, which tags to avoid.
|
||
<p>Along with the tables, the graphical descriptions used in many parts
|
||
of the text are very useful. In one table in chapter 12, the appearance
|
||
of form elements is shown for 4 different browsers (2 versions each from
|
||
Netscape and IE). This visual explanation of the differences in implementations
|
||
is very helpful to anyone who has muddled through trying to create forms
|
||
that are usable to users of any browser.
|
||
<p>The section on graphics is disappointingly biased to MS and Mac platforms.
|
||
Although much of the information can be applied to the Gimp and other Linux
|
||
graphics tools, its an excersize for the reader to make the translation
|
||
from the tools Jennifer describes to their Linux counterparts.
|
||
<p>Unlike the graphics section, the audio and video chapters are less biased
|
||
in the fact that Jennifer talks more about file formats than specific applications
|
||
that use them. For the most part, Linux has tools that support most
|
||
of the common audio and video formats. At least for playing these
|
||
files, if not for creating them. And even then, the creation tools
|
||
are slowly coming to public availability.
|
||
<p>Two areas that are covered that I find quite useful are DHTML and
|
||
XML. I've looked at DHTML a little but have not yet begun to read
|
||
up on XML. The two short chapters on these subjects are good introductions
|
||
for someone who is familiar with HTML in general.
|
||
<p>This nice thing about O'Reilly's Nutshell series is that the are more
|
||
than a straight reference guide but not so boring as a full blown collegiate
|
||
text on the subject. Jennifer Niederst's text <b>Web Design In A
|
||
Nutshell i</b>s a fine example of this series and, despite some of the
|
||
biases toward MS and Mac applications, is well worth the price.
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<p><a NAME="musings"></a>
|
||
<table BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=3 COLS=2 NOSAVE >
|
||
<tr NOSAVE>
|
||
<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="245" NOSAVE><img SRC="../gx/hammel/musings.jpg" height=50 width=245></td>
|
||
|
||
<td NOSAVE></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<h2>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica">Accessing non-keyboard characters in X</font></h2>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>A question came up recently
|
||
on the Gimp-User mailing list that I found interesting, mostly since I
|
||
didn't know the answer: How do you access characters that are available
|
||
in a certain font but do not have a key stroke assigned to them?
|
||
For example, how do you get to the Copyright character if there is no Copyright
|
||
key?</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>It turns out you can configure
|
||
your X server to understand new keystrokes for these unattached characters.
|
||
The key, if you'll parden the pun , is to learn about xmodmap, the program
|
||
that maps of keys to characters for the X server. This program, which
|
||
should be available on every Linux distribution under /usr/X11R6/bin, allows
|
||
you to specify the keystroke to use to access extended characters in a
|
||
font.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Let's say you want to map
|
||
the copyright character to the 2 key with the Shift key held down.
|
||
Currently, this is mapped to the familiar "at" (@) character. If
|
||
you make a short text file with the following line in it(<a href="#alan">1</a>):</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><tt><font size=-1>keysym 2 = 2 copyright</font></tt></blockquote>
|
||
<font size=-1><font face="Arial,Helvetica">and save the file, say named
|
||
</font><tt>temp.map</tt><font face="Arial,Helvetica">,
|
||
and then run</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><tt><font size=-1>% xmodmap temp.map</font></tt></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>this will map the copyright
|
||
character to the shifted 2-key. Now fire up the GIMP and you will be able
|
||
to generate the copyright character when using a font which supports it.
|
||
To get your keyboard back to normal, edit the temp.map file:</font></font>
|
||
<blockquote><tt><font size=-1>keysym 2 = 2 at</font></tt></blockquote>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>and again run xmodmap.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Alternatively, you can use
|
||
a graphical interface to map lots of keys all at once. The <a href="http://www.jwz.org/xkeycaps/">xkeycaps</a>
|
||
tool, written by Jamie Zawinski of Mozilla/Netscape fame, gives you a graphical
|
||
display of your keyboard and allows you to map multiple characters to single
|
||
keys when those keys are used with various modifiers (such as CTRL or ALT).</font></font>
|
||
<center>
|
||
<p><a href="./gx/hammel/xkeycaps.jpg"><img SRC="./gx/hammel/xkeycaps-tn.jpg" BORDER=0 height=176 width=400></a>
|
||
<br><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>xkeycaps - click on image
|
||
for full size version</font></font></b></center>
|
||
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>If you make one of your keys
|
||
be a <i>Mode_switch</i> key, you can add two more characters to pretty
|
||
much every key that produces a character. For people that use international
|
||
characters, but want to use the US keyboard layout, you can make a key
|
||
a <i>Multi_key</i> and do sequences like <i>Multi_key-`-e</i> to get an
|
||
e with a grave accent on it<a href="#lyle">(2</a>).</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Xkeycaps has to know about
|
||
your keyboards physical configuration, but fortunately its been around
|
||
for so long (since about 1991) and so many people have provided configurations
|
||
for so many keyboards that there is a good chance your keyboard will be
|
||
available. Even if its not, you can edit a configuration file in
|
||
order to add your keyboard to the list of keyboards.</font></font><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1></font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>I didn't have time to explore
|
||
this very useful application any further than this but plan when time permits.
|
||
For the most part I don't have a need to access any keys outside of those
|
||
available from my Dell keyboard. Still, occassionaly it would be
|
||
nice to have access to accent marks, copyright symbols and other symbols
|
||
for use in both my word processor as well as in the Gimp.</font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a NAME="alan"></a><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>This information
|
||
comes from <a href="mailto:a@alanho.student.princeton.edu">Alan</a> on
|
||
the Gimp-User mailing list.</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a NAME="lyle"></a><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>This information
|
||
comes from <a href="mailto:lyle@ltaylor.users.xmission.com">Lyle</a> on
|
||
the Gimp-User mailing list.</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><a NAME="rsrc"></a><img SRC="../gx/hammel/resources.jpg" height=50 width=245>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>The following links are
|
||
just starting points for finding more information about computer graphics
|
||
and multimedia in general for Linux systems. If you have some application
|
||
specific information for me, I'll add them to my other pages or you can
|
||
contact the maintainer of some other web site. I'll consider adding other
|
||
general references here, but application or site specific information needs
|
||
to go into one of the following general references and not listed here.</font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<table BORDER=0 COLS=2 WIDTH="100%" NOSAVE >
|
||
<tr NOSAVE>
|
||
<td NOSAVE><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Online Magazines
|
||
and News sources </font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://www.news.com/">C|Net
|
||
Tech News</a></font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://www.eklektix.com/lwn/">Linux
|
||
Weekly News</a></font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://slashdot.org/">Slashdot.org</a></font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>General Web Sites </font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://www.graphics-muse.org/linux.html">Linux
|
||
Graphics</a></font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://www.bright.net/~dlphilp/linux_soundapps.html">Linux
|
||
Sound/Midi Page</a></font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Some of the Mailing Lists
|
||
and Newsgroups I keep an eye on and where I get much of the information
|
||
in this column </font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://www.gimp.org">The
|
||
Gimp User and Gimp Developer Mailing Lists</a>. </font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://www.irtc.org">The
|
||
IRTC-L discussion list</a></font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="news:comp.graphics.rendering.raytracing">comp.graphics.rendering.raytracing</a></font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="news:comp.graphics.rendering.renderman">comp.graphics.rendering.renderman</a></font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="news:comp.graphics.api.opengl">comp.graphics.api.opengl</a></font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="news:comp.os.linux.announce">comp.os.linux.announce</a></font></font></td>
|
||
|
||
<td><img SRC="../gx/hammel/gmuse-2.jpg" HSPACE=10 BORDER=2 height=248 width=200></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<a NAME="future"></a>
|
||
<h2>
|
||
Future Directions</h2>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Next month: No Muse since
|
||
I'll be out of contact for a while. But the Muse will be back in
|
||
May with, I hope, the first of a two parter on the X Windows System and
|
||
Themes. Maybe.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mailto:mjhammel@graphics-muse.org">Let
|
||
me know what you'd like to hear about!</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<div align=right><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>© 1999
|
||
<a href="mailto:mjhammel@graphics-muse.org">Michael
|
||
J. Hammel</a></font></font></div>
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<center><H4>Previous ``Graphics Muse'' Columns</H4></center>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue11/gm.html">Graphics Muse #1, November 1996</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue12/gm.html">Graphics Muse #2, December 1996</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue13/gm.html">Graphics Muse #3, January 1997</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue14/gm.html">Graphics Muse #4, February 1997</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue15/gm.html">Graphics Muse #5, March 1997</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue16/gm.html">Graphics Muse #6, April 1997</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue17/gm.html">Graphics Muse #7, May 1997</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue18/gm.html">Graphics Muse #8, June 1997</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue19/gm.html">Graphics Muse #9, July 1997</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue20/gm.html">Graphics Muse #10, August 1997</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue22/gm.html">Graphics Muse #11, October 1997</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue23/gm.html">Graphics Muse #12, December 1997</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue25/gm.html">Graphics Muse #13, February 1998</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue26/gm.html">Graphics Muse #14, March 1998</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue27/gm.html">Graphics Muse #15, April 1998</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue31/gm.html">Graphics Muse #16, August 1998</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue32/gm.html">Graphics Muse #17, September 1998</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue33/gm.html">Graphics Muse #18, October 1998</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue34/gm.html">Graphics Muse #19, November 1998</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue37/gm.html">Graphics Muse #20, February 1999</A><BR>
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<center><H5>Copyright © 1999, Michael J. Hammel <BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 38 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, March 1999</H5></center>
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<A HREF="./index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../gx/indexnew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="../index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../gx/homenew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ FRONT PAGE ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./pollman.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/back2.gif"
|
||
ALT=" Back "></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./blanchard.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/fwd.gif" ALT=" Next "></A>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!-- =============================================================
|
||
These pages are designed by Michael J. Hammel. Permission to
|
||
use all graphics and other content is granted provided you give
|
||
me (or the original authors/artists) credit for the work and this
|
||
copyright notice is not removed.
|
||
|
||
(c)1997, 1998 Michael J. Hammel (mjhammel@graphics-muse.org)
|
||
============================================================= !-->
|
||
<br><img SRC="../gx/hammel/mews.jpg" height=50 width=245>
|
||
<table WIDTH="100%" >
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td ALIGN=RIGHT WIDTH="100%"><font size=-2>© 1999 <a href="mailto:mjhammel@graphics-muse.org">Michael
|
||
J. Hammel</a></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR="#000000" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><img SRC="../gx/hammel/cleardot.gif" ALT="indent" align=LEFT></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<table BORDER=0 COLS=3 WIDTH="100%" NOSAVE >
|
||
<tr NOSAVE>
|
||
<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="140" NOSAVE>
|
||
<table BORDER CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=2 COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT="100%" BGCOLOR="#FE992B" NOSAVE >
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="#metro-x">Metro
|
||
Link support for Rendition / Nvidia cards</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="#clickable-imagemap-release">Release
|
||
0.3 of a clickable imagemap plug-in for the Gimp</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr NOSAVE>
|
||
<td NOSAVE><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="#giram">Giram
|
||
0.0.6</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr NOSAVE>
|
||
<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP NOSAVE><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="#tgif">tgif
|
||
4.0.13</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="#sketch">Sketch
|
||
0.5.3</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="#kuickshow">KuickShow
|
||
0.6.3</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="#wmtune">wmtune
|
||
for bttv 1.0</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="#freedraft">FREEdraft
|
||
0.3.6</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="#grass">GRASS 5.0
|
||
beta</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="#w3c-vector-graphics">W3C
|
||
aims to streamline vector graphics</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="#netscape-flash-plugin">Netscape
|
||
Flash Plugin 0.4.3</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="#video-server">Video
|
||
Server 0.5.4</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="#poorman-cam">Poor
|
||
Man's Cam 1.1</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="#gilt">GILT 0.1.0</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="#zope">Zope 1.10pr1</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="#gview">gView 0.1.0</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</td>
|
||
|
||
<td WIDTH="1" NOSAVE></td>
|
||
|
||
<td ALIGN=LEFT VALIGN=TOP NOSAVE>
|
||
<table BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=3 COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" NOSAVE >
|
||
<tr NOSAVE>
|
||
<td NOSAVE><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><b>Disclaimer</b>:
|
||
Before I get too far into this I should note that any of the news items
|
||
I post in this section are just that - news. Either I happened to run across
|
||
them via some mailing list I was on, via some Usenet newsgroup, or via
|
||
email from someone. I'm not necessarily endorsing these products (some
|
||
of which may be commercial), I'm just letting you know I'd heard about
|
||
them in the past month.</font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<hr NOSHADE WIDTH="100%"></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<a NAME="metro-x"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>Metro
|
||
Link support for Rendition / Nvidia cards</font></font></b>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Colin Scott McDonald</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><i><font color="#CC6600">Metro-X</font></i>
|
||
for Linux/x86 has been updated to include new support for Nvidia Riva TNT
|
||
& Riva 128 Chipsets, Rendition V2x00 chipsets, as well as improved
|
||
support for Permedia 2 based cards and Matrox G100/G200 chipsets. Current
|
||
owners of Metro-X version 4.3 can download the newest patch for free, new
|
||
customers can purchase Metro-X for $39.99. </font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>For more information on Metro-X
|
||
and our other products for Linux, please visit our website at <a href="http://www.metrolink.com">http://www.metrolink.com</a></font></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><a NAME="clickable-imagemap-release"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>Release
|
||
0.3 of the Gimp plug-in for the creation of clickable imagemaps</font></font></b>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Available from: <a href="http://home-2.consunet.nl/~cb007736">http://home-2.consunet.nl/~cb007736</a></font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Some highlights from this
|
||
release:</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>You can now load a CSIM file
|
||
that was saved by this plug-in. Files saved by other programs may cause
|
||
problems. I haven't tested this yet.</font></font>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Accelerators in menus</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Selection operations (move up/down,
|
||
delete, edit).</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Warning/error dialog for file
|
||
operations</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Map-name in title in main dialog</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>'target frame name' in area
|
||
settings.</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>JavaScript (onMouseover, onMouseout)
|
||
in area settings.</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Doubleclick on shape pops up
|
||
area settings dialog.</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Browse button in URL field in
|
||
area settings dialog.</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Fixed size of statusbar fields.</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Move to front/send to back</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Write image size in HTML file</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Deselect all if clicked in area
|
||
with no object.</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Implemented statusbar dimension
|
||
field</font></font></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Added 4 extra handles to rectangular
|
||
selection.</font></font></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>The program was tested with
|
||
GTK 1.0.6 and Gimp 1.0.2. Compatibility with other versions is unknown.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Maurits Rijk</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="mailto:lpeek.mrijk@consunet.nl">lpeek.mrijk@consunet.nl</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><a NAME="giram"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>Giram
|
||
0.0.6</font></font></b>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>David Odin</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><i><font color="#CC6600">Giram</font></i>
|
||
Is Really A Modeller (or at least will be). It is written in GTK+ v1.1.x
|
||
(x>=7) and in an early stage of development. So far it can load and save
|
||
simple Persistance of Vision Scenes and some basic modelling tools are
|
||
already there. For now you can only use plane, sphere, box and csg objects,
|
||
with simple enough textures.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Download: <a href="ftp://ftp.minet.net/pub/giram/">ftp://ftp.minet.net/pub/giram/</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><a NAME="tgif"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>tgif
|
||
4.0.13</font></font></b>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Bill Cheng</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><i><font color="#CC6600">tgif</font></i>
|
||
is a vector-based draw tool, with the additional benefit of being sort
|
||
of a web-browser. That is, you can fetch drawings from a web server with
|
||
it, and you can make objects in your picture into hotlinks to other parts
|
||
of the drawing, or to other drawings accessible via http.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Changes: Various bugfixes,
|
||
better scrolling and zooming, new visible-grid function in slideshow.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://bourbon.cs.umd.edu:8001/tgif/">http://bourbon.cs.umd.edu:8001/tgif/</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><a NAME="sketch"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>Sketch
|
||
0.5.3</font></font></b>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Bernhard Herzog</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><i><font color="#CC6600">Sketch</font></i>
|
||
is a drawing program similar to CorelDraw or Adobe Illustrator. It is written
|
||
almost completely in python with some modules written in C, thus combining
|
||
the flexibility and power of Python with the speed of C. Advanced features
|
||
include gradient fills, clip masks, text along a path, blend groups, convert
|
||
text to curves, and more.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Changes: Rectangles may have
|
||
rounded corners now, an Illustrator export filter has been added and bezier
|
||
curves can be used as guides now.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Download: <a href="http://www.online.de/home/sketch/download.html">http://www.online.de/home/sketch/download.html</a></font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Homepage: <a href="http://www.online.de/home/sketch/">http://www.online.de/home/sketch/</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><a NAME="kuickshow"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>KuickShow
|
||
0.6.3</font></font></b>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>KuickShow is a fast, comfortable
|
||
and easy-to-use imagebrowser /-viewer for KDE. It is based on Imlib and
|
||
loads many imageformats pretty fast. KuickShow has a nice interface, that
|
||
allows you to browse large amounts of images in a short time. It can zoom,
|
||
mirror, rotate images, adjust brightness, contrast and gamma, auto-resize-to-fit
|
||
and can do a slideshow, of course.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Changes: Bugfixes, KDE 1.1
|
||
updates, stability improvements, and a few more filebrowser features.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Download: <a href="http://www.millenniumx.de/packages/kuickshow-0.6.3.tar.gz">http://www.millenniumx.de/packages/kuickshow-0.6.3.tar.gz</a></font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Homepage: <a href="http://www.millenniumx.de">http://www.millenniumx.de</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><a NAME="wmtune"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>wmtune
|
||
for bttv 1.0</font></font></b>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>wmtune-bttv is a radio tuner
|
||
window maker applet for all TV/radio cards supported by the Linux bttv
|
||
kernel driver. It includes presets, a timer for automatic switch on/off
|
||
and mixer support. Supports wmtune and kradio config files</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Changes: This is the initial
|
||
version.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Download: <a href="http://home.pages.de/~fionn/archive/wmtune-1.0_bttv.tar.bz2">http://home.pages.de/~fionn/archive/wmtune-1.0_bttv.tar.bz2</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><a NAME="freedraft"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>FREEdraft
|
||
0.3.6</font></font></b>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>FREEdraft is a 2D mechanical
|
||
cad project. It is being developed using Linux FREEdraft is likely to work
|
||
on most any other Unix/X system.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Changes: Updated for compatibility
|
||
with current library versions, bug fixes, and creeping featureism.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Homepage: <a href="http://pw2.netcom.com/~iamcliff/FREEdraft.html">http://pw2.netcom.com/~iamcliff/FREEdraft.html</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><a NAME="grass"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>GRASS
|
||
5.0 beta</font></font></b>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>GRASS (Geographic Resources
|
||
Analysis Support System) is a public-domain raster-based GIS, vector GIS,
|
||
image processing system, graphics production system, and spatial modeling
|
||
system.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Changes: GRASS 5.0beta represents
|
||
the first major change in GRASS functionality in several years, with the
|
||
most notable change being support for floating point and null values. GRASS
|
||
also now has a new and much easier to use windows interface based on Tcl/Tk.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Homepage: <a href="http://www.baylor.edu/~grass/">http://www.baylor.edu/~grass/</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><a NAME="w3c-vector-graphics"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>W3C
|
||
aims to streamline vector graphics</font></font></b>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>By Paul Festa</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Staff Writer, CNET News.com</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>C|Net report on work being
|
||
done at the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) related to vector graphic format
|
||
proposals currently under consideration by that group.</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://news.com/News/Item/0,4,32346,00.html">http://news.com/News/Item/0,4,32346,00.html</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><a NAME="netscape-flash-plugin"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>Netscape
|
||
Flash Plugin 0.4.3</font></font></b>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Olivier Debon</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>The Flash Plugin is a Netscape
|
||
plugin that allows to view Flash files. Many commercial sites use this
|
||
format to make their site up. The Flash object also allows to navigate
|
||
through a site, therefore, without the right plugin it was impossible to
|
||
go further the "Get Shockwave" logo while running Netscape under Linux.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Homepage: <a href="http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/Labyrinth/5084/flash.html">http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/Labyrinth/5084/flash.html</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><a NAME="video-server"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>Video
|
||
Server 0.5.4</font></font></b>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Andrew Shuvalov</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Stony Brook Video Server
|
||
is the distributed video server application that provides indexing, searching
|
||
and video streaming in a convenient way to clients over the network. The
|
||
client may browse the complete list of movies, search closed captions and
|
||
play selected video from the beginning or from the point matching search
|
||
query.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Homepage: <a href="http://www.ecsl.cs.sunysb.edu/~andrew/VideoServer/videoserver/index/book1.html">http://www.ecsl.cs.sunysb.edu/~andrew/VideoServer/videoserver/index/book1.html</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><a NAME="poorman-cam"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>Poor
|
||
Man's Cam 1.1</font></font></b>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>PMCam is a program that allows
|
||
you to set up a webcam on a remote site through FTP and perl. It uses qcam
|
||
to grab the image, mogrify to do the conversion to JPEG, and Net::FTP in
|
||
perl to FTP the files to the server. The program's RC file should be configurable,
|
||
though to allow any camera or converison programs.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Homepage: <a href="http://ic.net/~craig/pmcam/">http://ic.net/~craig/pmcam/</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><a NAME="gilt"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>GILT
|
||
0.1.0</font></font></b>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>GILT is a vector drawing
|
||
program. It merges GIMP and openGL to be both usable and dependable. It
|
||
is currently in a pre alpha state, this means we are looking for programmers.
|
||
Current features multiple views and documents in one session layers and
|
||
guides-layers script and plugin-mechanisms planned and partially implemented
|
||
transparent object possible (due to openGL) Planed features loading of
|
||
postscript object database</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Homepage: <a href="http://www.vicksburg.com/~phoenix/main.html">http://www.vicksburg.com/~phoenix/main.html</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><a NAME="zope"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>Zope
|
||
1.10pr1</font></font></b>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Zope is a free, Open Source
|
||
web application platform used for building high-performance, dynamic web
|
||
sites. It contains a powerful and simple scripting object model and high-performance,
|
||
integrated object database.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Homepage: <a href="http://www.zope.org">http://www.zope.org</a></font></font>
|
||
<br>
|
||
<hr SIZE=1 NOSHADE WIDTH="100%">
|
||
<br><a NAME="gview"></a><b><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=+1>gView
|
||
0.1.0</font></font></b>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Bruce Smith</font></font>
|
||
<p><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>gView is a GTK/ImLib image
|
||
viewer with an interface similar to ACDSee.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1>Initial release.</font></font>
|
||
<br><font face="Arial,Helvetica"><font size=-1><a href="http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/Facilty/1468/sg/">http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/Facilty/1468/sg/</a></font></font>
|
||
<table WIDTH="100%" >
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN="4" BGCOLOR="#000000" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><img SRC="../gx/hammel/cleardot.gif" ALT="indent" align=LEFT></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<table WIDTH="100%" >
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td ALIGN=RIGHT><font size=-2>© 1999 by <a href="mailto:mjhammel@graphics-muse.org">Michael
|
||
J. Hammel</a></font></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<H4>
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">Linux Dialin Server Setup Guide</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:jgentry@swcp.com">Josh Gentry</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<B>Abstract</B>
|
||
<BR>v 1.3, 13 February 1999
|
||
<BR>This document is a step-by-step guide to setting up a Linux dialin
|
||
server which allows SLIP and PPP connections over a phone line.
|
||
<P><B>Copyright 1999 Josh Gentry</B>
|
||
<BR>I encourage redistribution of this document, non-commercial and commercial.
|
||
I would like to be notified of redistribution. You are NOT permitted
|
||
to alter the contents of this document, though I do not care about changes
|
||
in presentation.
|
||
<P><B>Acknowledgments</B>
|
||
<BR>Much of the information in this document was originally gleaned from
|
||
the following LDP HOWTOs: Linux Serial HOWTO
|
||
<BR>Linux Modem HOWTO
|
||
<BR>Linux Kernel HOWTO
|
||
<BR>Linux PPP HOWTO
|
||
<P>A great deal of information was found in Gert Doering's online documentation
|
||
for mgetty+sendfax. Additionally, the following online documents were valuable
|
||
in the configuration of AutoPPP in mgetty:
|
||
<BR><A HREF="http://members.bellatlantic.net/~mrdennis/mgetty.html">http://members.bellatlantic.net/~mrdennis/mgetty.html</A>,
|
||
Mick Dennis <A HREF="http://oh3tr.ele.tut.fi/~oh3fg/ppp/ppps.html">http://oh3tr.ele.tut.fi/~oh3fg/ppp/ppps.html</A>,
|
||
Kalevi Hautaniemi
|
||
<P>Much information on PAP was learned from Olaf Kirch's<A HREF="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/LDP/nag/nag.html">
|
||
Linux Network Administrators' Guide</A> and the S.u.S.E. Support Data Base
|
||
(<A HREF="http://wi-pc44.fh-konstanz.de/support-db/sdb_e/kfr_17.html">http://wi-pc44.fh-konstanz.de/support-db/sdb_e/kfr_17.html</A>).
|
||
<P>The majority of the information in this document was originally gathered
|
||
for, or derived from the process of setting up a Linux RedHat 5.1 dialin
|
||
server for Mr. James Hart. He teaches at the Technical/Vocational Institute
|
||
in Albuquerque, NM. Tony Lucero was my partner on that project. Their help
|
||
and guidance were invaluable.
|
||
<P>Finally, a big thank you to all those who have aided in the development
|
||
of the Linux kernel and Linux applications. This document is my small contribution
|
||
to their effort.
|
||
<P><B>Disclaimer</B>
|
||
<BR>This document carries no explicit or implied warranty. Nor is there
|
||
any guarantee that the information contained in this document is accurate.
|
||
It is offered in the hopes of helping others, but you use it at your own
|
||
risk. The author will not be liable for any damages that occur as a result
|
||
of using this document.
|
||
<P><B>1 Introduction</B>
|
||
<P>A dialin server is a host equipped with a modem and phone line, that
|
||
allows other hosts with modems and phone lines to call and connect to it.
|
||
There are several reasons a person might want to do this; to use the resources
|
||
on the dialin server, or, if the dialin server is on a network, to use
|
||
the dialin server to access the network. Further, if this LAN is connected
|
||
to the Internet, the client may be able to access the Internet via the
|
||
dialin server.
|
||
<P><B>1.1 Raison d'être</B>
|
||
<P>The majority of information needed to setup a Linux dialin server is
|
||
available in LDP HOWTOs. When I used these documents to setup such a server,
|
||
however, the fragmentary nature of the information was a major obstacle.
|
||
This document consolidates much of the needed information and presents
|
||
it as a step-by-step guide.
|
||
<P><B>1.2 This Document as Guide</B>
|
||
<P>Setting up a dialin server is a common project, but not a simple one.
|
||
This document attempts to rigorously set forth a step-by-step guide to
|
||
the process. It is likely, however, that you will need to reference additional
|
||
documents. The <A HREF="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX.html">LDP
|
||
HOWTO</A>s listed above should be considered invaluable companions to this
|
||
document, and should be consulted in the order listed above. Furthermore,
|
||
do not neglect the documentation included with your getty and PPP packages.
|
||
<P><B>1.3 Clients and Servers</B>
|
||
<P>The protocols used to connect two hosts via a phone line are technically
|
||
peer-to-peer protocols; there is no real difference between the machine
|
||
that dials and the machine that is dialed into. Conceptually, however,
|
||
it is easier to think in client/server terms. "When you dial into a site
|
||
to establish a PPP connection, you are a client. The machine to which you
|
||
connect is the server." (<A HREF="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/PPP-HOWTO.html">Linux
|
||
PPP HOWTO</A>, Hart) I will use this convention throughout the document.
|
||
<BR> Setting up a dialin server is the process of setting
|
||
up a machine to answer the phone, participate in the setup of a connection
|
||
with the client, and authenticate the client.
|
||
<P><B>1.4 Differences Between Linux Distributions</B>
|
||
<P>My experience is with RedHat Linux 5.1. I believe most of the information
|
||
in this document will apply to all distributions. Where I am aware of or
|
||
suspect differences between distributions, I will note it in the text.
|
||
<P><B>1.5 Software Packages Covered</B>
|
||
<P>Linux kernel v2.0.34--<A HREF="http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/INFO-SHEET.html">http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/INFO-SHEET.html</A>
|
||
<BR>mgetty+sendfax-<A HREF="http://www.leo.org/~doering/mgetty">http://www.leo.org/~doering/mgetty</A>
|
||
<BR>PPP-2.3.3-<A HREF="http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/network/serial/ppp/!INDEX">http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/network/serial/ppp/!INDEX</A>
|
||
<P><B>2 Modem Installation</B>
|
||
<P>For a host to be a dialin server, it must be physically possible to
|
||
dial into it. This requires that the host have at least one modem and phone
|
||
line. Modems are serial devices, therefor it is highly recommended that
|
||
you read the <A HREF="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Serial-HOWTO.html">Linux
|
||
Serial HOWTO</A>, as well as the <A HREF="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Modem-HOWTO.html">Linux
|
||
Modem HOWTO</A>.
|
||
<P><B>2.1 Modem Type</B>
|
||
<P>Plug-and -Play modems are not well supported by Linux. This means that
|
||
you want a jumperable modem, or an external modem. Start by asking your
|
||
vendor what brand they recommend.
|
||
<P><B>2.2 Ports</B>
|
||
<P>Serial ports, like all I/O ports, have an address. By default,
|
||
Linux initializes four serial devices. Some may be familiar with
|
||
these ports as Microsoft refers to them, COM 1-4. In Linux these
|
||
ports are referred to as ttyS0-ttyS3. For example, the port known
|
||
to Microsoft as COM 1, would be known to Linux as ttyS0.
|
||
<BR> Note that if you use use a port address other than
|
||
these four, you will have to initialize that port with "setserial."
|
||
See the "setserial" man page.
|
||
<BR> External modems plug into external serial ports
|
||
(RS-232 ports) on your PC. These ports are automatically assigned
|
||
an address by Linux.
|
||
<BR> Internal modems plug into the internal PCI or ISA
|
||
slots of your PC. An internal modem is actually a modem and a serial
|
||
port. It carries its own, and it is the modem's serial port that
|
||
you plug into the internal slot. For these modems, you set the port
|
||
address on the modem. This is why you want a jumperable modem.
|
||
You use the jumpers to manually set address and IRQ. The prepriatorial
|
||
modem documentation should explain how to set the jumpers for port address
|
||
and IRQ.
|
||
<BR> Note, if your PC has two external serial (RS-232)
|
||
ports, as most PC's do, the Linux Modem HOW-TO recommends setting your
|
||
internal modem address to ttyS2 or higher.
|
||
<P><B>3 Kernel Support</B>
|
||
<P>This is the part of the process most likely to scare those new to Linux.
|
||
It scared me. Turns out not to be as difficult as you think, and if you
|
||
do make a mistake, you can usually just recompile your kernel again. You
|
||
should now read the <A HREF="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html">Linux
|
||
Kernel HOWTO</A>.
|
||
<BR> There is an alternative to compiling
|
||
the PPP driver into the kernel. You can install the driver as a loadable
|
||
module. The advantages of this are that your kernel is smaller, and
|
||
it is not necessary to recompile. The PPP driver is linked to the
|
||
kernel and loaded into memory space only when it is needed. I believe
|
||
the argument for compiling the driver into the kernel is that PPP does
|
||
execute faster if it is compiled into the kernel.
|
||
<BR> You can link the loadable module to the kernel by
|
||
recompiling the kernel as described below, but as Matt Kressel has pointed
|
||
out to me, if you have the "insmod" command installed on your system, it
|
||
is not neccessary to recompile. Issue the command "insmod ppp" to
|
||
install the PPP driver as a loadable module. I found that I had to
|
||
"insmod slhc" before I could successfully install PPP with "insmod ppp".
|
||
I am not sure why, but "insmod ppp" would not work without the slhc module.
|
||
<BR> The command "lsmod" lists the loadable modules currently
|
||
installed on the system. There is also a command for removing modules.
|
||
If these commands are installed on your system, then you should also have
|
||
the man pages. Do a "man insmod" for more information.
|
||
<P><B>3.1 Kernel and Source Code</B>
|
||
<P>The kernel is a binary, an executable program. Developers do not write
|
||
the kernel as an executable, they write code that is fed into a compiler,
|
||
and the compiler produces the executable from that source code.
|
||
<BR> With Linux, you have the source code that is used
|
||
to produce the kernel executable. This means that you can customize your
|
||
kernel to include only the capabilities that you need, creating a leaner,
|
||
meaner kernel. Because of this, you can not assume that a kernel includes
|
||
support for specialized tasks, such as those required for networking. You
|
||
will have to check and see, and if your kernel does not contain the necessary
|
||
support, you will have to recompile your kernel.
|
||
<P><B>3.2 Recompiling the Kernel</B>
|
||
<P>To compile the kernel, you create a configuration file. You can check
|
||
your current configuration file to see if needed capabilities are already
|
||
compiled into your kernel.
|
||
<BR>Most dialin servers will be hosts on a LAN. This document assumes that
|
||
the host is already configured as part of the LAN. If this is not the case,
|
||
you should reference other documents at the LDP before continuing, such
|
||
as the Linux Network Administrators' Guide.
|
||
<BR> I prefer to use xconfig. It is a graphical tool
|
||
for viewing and modifying the kernel configuration file. It requires that
|
||
you have X-windows installed and running, and that you have Tk installed.
|
||
<BR>In xconfig you will find the options for SLIP and PPP support in the
|
||
category "Network devices." These have to be supported for a SLIP and PPP
|
||
dialin server. If the server will provide access to a network, the
|
||
kernel must include support for IP forwarding. In xconfig this is found
|
||
in the category "Network options."
|
||
<BR> If you must recompile the kernel, it is highly recommended
|
||
that you read the <A HREF="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html">Linux
|
||
Kernel HOWTO</A>. These are the basic steps:
|
||
<P>1. Make a copy of your present kernel in case of emergency
|
||
<BR>2. cd /usr/src/linux-(kernel version number)
|
||
<BR>3. Issue the command "make config". If you are running X-windows
|
||
you can try "make xconfig" to use a point-and-click interface for this
|
||
process.
|
||
<BR>4. Say "yes" to all the proper networking options: SLIP, PPP,
|
||
IP forwarding, etc (your LAN network configuration should already be configured).
|
||
<BR>5. Save and exit
|
||
<BR>6. Issue the command "make dep"
|
||
<BR>7. Issue the command "make clean"
|
||
<BR>8. Issue the command "make zImage"
|
||
<BR>9. cd /usr/src/linux-(kernel version number)/arch/i386/boot
|
||
<BR>10. cp zImage /vmlinuz (or wherever your kernel resides)
|
||
<BR>11. Issue the command "lilo"
|
||
<P>That should do it. The Linux Kernel HOWTO states that you should
|
||
be able to issue the command "make zlilo" after you have made the zImage,
|
||
and that making zlilo will copy and install the new kernel for you.
|
||
This did not work on my system, however.
|
||
<P><B>4 gettys</B>
|
||
<P>You will need a getty that can handle modem communications. Once started,
|
||
usually from inittab, the getty runs as a background process. Your modem
|
||
getty will be idle until the modem receives a call, at which point it will
|
||
"answer" the phone and negotiate the specifics of modem-to-modem communication
|
||
with the client. There are several gettys that can be used for this task.
|
||
<BR>This document covers the usage of mgetty. You can acquire the mgetty+sendfax
|
||
package and official documentation at Gert Doering's website, http://www.leo.org/~doering/mgetty.
|
||
It was included with RedHat 5.1 and lived in /sbin/mgetty and /etc/mgetty+sendfax.
|
||
<BR> Note that anytime you see something like "/sbin/mgetty"
|
||
that it is simply the path to the file. Files may be located in different
|
||
locations in the directory structure on different machines, and possibly
|
||
with different distributions. Therefor, the path to the file would be different.
|
||
You will need to verify the location of the necessary files on your system.
|
||
<BR> There are many options for mgetty that you can edit
|
||
to your desired configuration, most importantly in /etc/mgetty+sendfax/mgetty.config.
|
||
Refer to the mgetty documentation if you need to make changes to the default
|
||
settings. The default settings worked for us. If you wish to enable AutoPPP,
|
||
you will need to edit /etc/mgetty+sendfax/login.config. Detailed instructions
|
||
on that task appear later in this section.
|
||
<BR> To start mgetty, edit /etc/inittab. Here is another
|
||
point where the serial and modem HOWTOs are helpful. You must tell mgetty
|
||
which serial port to monitor. In Linux these ports are numbered 0-3, and
|
||
named ttyS* for dialin. For a modem we installed on the third internal
|
||
port, we added this line to /etc/inittab:
|
||
<P>S2:2345:respawn:/sbin/mgetty ttyS2 -D /dev/ttyS2
|
||
<P>The option "-D" tells mgetty to expect data only, no faxes. After this
|
||
use the command "kill -1 1" to force initd to re-read inittab. This will
|
||
cause mgetty to be started.
|
||
<BR> Note that if you use a multi-port serial board,
|
||
those ports might be named differently than the four ports Linux initializes
|
||
by default. In his excellent document on mgetty and AutoPPP, Mick Dennis
|
||
reports naming the ports on his Cyclade Cyclom 16YeP as /dev/ttyC*.
|
||
<BR> Using the default settings, mgetty negotiates a
|
||
SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) connection and allows authentication
|
||
via /etc/passwd. This is a functional system that allows a user to login
|
||
to a shell account. If desired, a mechanism can be provided to allow users
|
||
to start pppd after logging in over there SLIP connection. First, make
|
||
sure that all users have permission to execute pppd by issuing the command:
|
||
<P>chmod u+s /usr/sbin/pppd
|
||
<P>Next, add this line to /etc/bashrc:
|
||
<P>alias ppp="exec /usr/sbin/pppd -detach"
|
||
<P>This way, after the user has logged in over the SLIP connection, they
|
||
can start pppd by typing "ppp." This procedure is taken from Robert Hart's
|
||
Linux PPP HOWTO.
|
||
<BR>Another option is to create a PPP account. The entry in /etc/passwd
|
||
might look like this:
|
||
<P>ppp:x:351:230:pppclient:/home/ppp:/usr/sbin/pppd
|
||
<P>When a user connects they simply login as "ppp." Once they provide the
|
||
password, pppd starts automatically.
|
||
<BR> For Microsoft clients to work with this setup, the
|
||
client must be configured to provide a terminal screen after connection.
|
||
This is not a default setting. These are the steps to do it in Windows
|
||
95:
|
||
<P>1. Click on My Computer
|
||
<BR>2. Click on Dial-Up Networking
|
||
<BR>3. Right-click on the icon for the connection
|
||
<BR>4. Click on Properties
|
||
<BR>5. Click on Configure
|
||
<BR>6. Click on Options
|
||
<BR>7. Click box next to "Bring up terminal window after dialing"
|
||
<P><B>4.1 AutoPPP and mgetty</B>
|
||
<P>Most Windows users will not like the requirement to use a login screen
|
||
after connecting to the server. It is possible for the system administrator
|
||
to remove this annoying extra step by using mgetty's ability to start pppd
|
||
upon initiating a connection. To do this, you enable AutoPPP.
|
||
<P><B>4.2 Compiling mgetty</B>
|
||
<P>Note: I have been told by several people, that when they chose
|
||
to install mgetty from their Redhat 5.2 distribution mgetty was automatically
|
||
compiled to include AutoPPP.
|
||
<BR> For AutoPPP to function, you must edit the makefile
|
||
before compiling. On or near line 110 you will need this:
|
||
<P>CFLAGS=-02 -Wall -pipe -DAUTO_PPP
|
||
<P>After that edit, compile mgetty according to the mgetty documentation
|
||
instructions.
|
||
<BR>Next, you edit /etc/mgetty+sendfax/login.config to look like this around
|
||
line 50:
|
||
<P>/AutoPPP/ - - /usr/sbin/pppd file /etc/ppp/options.server
|
||
<P>Once you have completed this configuration, mgetty will automatically
|
||
start pppd when it receives the LCP configure request. (For more on LCP
|
||
read the pppd man page.) The "file" option tells pppd to read the file
|
||
/etc/ppp/options.server instead of the default /etc/ppp/options. Since
|
||
pppd uses /etc/ppp/options for acting as a client or server by default
|
||
(remember, it is technically peer-to-peer), using this option helps keep
|
||
the desired options for acting as client or server separate.
|
||
<BR> Assuming that you have edited /etc/mgetty+sendfax/mgetty.config
|
||
to your preferences, you are done. Note that in every instance that
|
||
you change the options for a process, the process will have to be restarted
|
||
before the new options can take affect.
|
||
<BR> Note: If you wish to be able to dial out with
|
||
a modem that is being monitored by mgetty, you will need to pay attention
|
||
to what device your communications program uses. See <A HREF="http://www.leo.org/~doering/mgetty/mgetty_10.html#SEC10">http://www.leo.org/~doering/mgetty/mgetty_10.html#SEC10</A>
|
||
<P><B>5 PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)</B>
|
||
<P>The Point-to-Point Protocol is the most popular protocol used for connecting
|
||
hosts by phone line.
|
||
<P><B>5.1 Compiling pppd</B>
|
||
<P>Adhere to the PPP package documentation. If you will be using shadow
|
||
passwords, you will need to use the following command:
|
||
<P>make HAS_SHADOW=1
|
||
<P>To use the MS-DNS option for Windows compatibility, and shadow, use:
|
||
<P>make USE_MS_DNS=1 HAS_SHADOW=1
|
||
<P>For more on this, see <A HREF="http://oh3tr.ele.tut.fi/~oh3fg/ppp/ppps.html">http://oh3tr.ele.tut.fi/~oh3fg/ppp/ppps.html.</A>
|
||
<P><B>5.2 Configuring pppd</B>
|
||
<P>PPP is configured by editing the options files read by pppd in /etc/ppp.
|
||
Remember that in this configuration pppd will read /etc/ppp/options.server
|
||
when it is started by mgetty. The most complete list of pppd options I
|
||
have found is in the pppd man page. If you do not use PAP or CHAP, your
|
||
file /etc/ppp/options.server might look like this:
|
||
<P>-detach
|
||
<BR>asyncmap 0
|
||
<BR>modem
|
||
<BR>crtscts
|
||
<BR>lock
|
||
<BR>proxyarp
|
||
<BR>ms-dns aa.bb.cc.dd
|
||
<BR>ms-dns ee.ff.gg.hh
|
||
<P>-detach-do not fork to become a background process
|
||
<BR>asyncmap 0-to allow pppd to work over a rlogin/telnet connection
|
||
<BR>modem-use the modem control lines
|
||
<BR>crtscts-use hardware flow control
|
||
<BR>lock-specifies that pppd use the UUCP-style lock on the serial device
|
||
<BR>proxyarp-adds an entry into the ARP table with the IP address of the
|
||
client and the IP address of the NIC
|
||
<BR>ms-dns-specifies the address of the DNS server to be used by Microsoft
|
||
clients (As far as I know, there is now equivelent option for non-Microsoft
|
||
clients. A Linux client must have the address of the DNS in /etc/hosts.)
|
||
<P><B>5.3 Configuring + PAP</B>
|
||
<P>PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) is one of the two protocols that
|
||
PPP uses to authenticate peers. The other is CHAP (Challenge Handshake
|
||
Authentication Protocol). CHAP is a more secure protocol, but is not as
|
||
widely supported as PAP. Thus, this document addresses the use of PAP,
|
||
only. For more information on both PAP and CHAP, see Olaf Kirch's Linux
|
||
Network Administrators' Guide.
|
||
<BR> Since PPP is technically a peer-to-peer protocol,
|
||
PAP allows two-way authentication. This means that not only the "server"
|
||
can request the "client" to authenticate itself, but the reverse is also
|
||
true. The "client" can require the "server" to authenticate itself. In
|
||
practice, this in not often done. Most PPP servers are not configured to
|
||
authenticate themselves to clients.
|
||
<BR> It is not difficult to configure your PPP server
|
||
to use PAP. To the /etc/ppp/options.server file above, simply add the following
|
||
entry:
|
||
<P>require-pap
|
||
<BR>refuse-chap
|
||
<P>With this configuration, pppd will check client login names and passwords
|
||
against the file /etc/ppp/pap-secrets. The client will be granted access
|
||
only if it matches an entry I /etc/ppp/pap-secrets. Example:
|
||
<P>#user server secret
|
||
addrs
|
||
<BR>jdoe *
|
||
password *
|
||
<P>If the "server" and "addrs" fields are filled in, then the client will
|
||
only be granted access if the login name and password are sent from the
|
||
designated server and IP address/fully qualified domain name.
|
||
<P><B>5.4 PAP using /etc/password</B>
|
||
<P>If you do not wish to create an entry in /etc/ppp/pap-secrets for each
|
||
client allowed PPP access, you can instruct pppd to check login names and
|
||
passwords against /etc/passwd instead of /etc/ppp/pap-secrets. Add the
|
||
option "login" to /etc/ppp/options.server. For this configuration, your
|
||
/etc/ppp/options.server file will look like this:
|
||
<P>-detach
|
||
<BR>asyncmap 0
|
||
<BR>modem
|
||
<BR>crtscts
|
||
<BR>lock
|
||
<BR>require-pap
|
||
<BR>refuse-chap
|
||
<BR>login
|
||
<BR>proxyarp
|
||
<BR>ms-dns aa.bb.cc.dd
|
||
<BR>ms-dns ee.ff.gg.hh
|
||
<P>If the "login" option is used, the file /etc/ppp/pap-secrets need not
|
||
exist. In fact, it might interfere with the proper functioning of PAP.
|
||
You can remove the file, or it can contain the following line:
|
||
<P>* * ""
|
||
<P>The advantage of maintaining /etc/ppp/pap-secrets with this line is
|
||
that it leaves you the option of denying PPP access to individual accounts
|
||
that have entries in /etc/passwd. To do so, below the above line, enter
|
||
the following line:
|
||
<P>username * -
|
||
<P>where "username" is the username of the account you wish to deny PPP
|
||
access. Example:
|
||
<P>#user server
|
||
secret addrs
|
||
<BR> *
|
||
*
|
||
""
|
||
*
|
||
<BR>jdoe *
|
||
-
|
||
*
|
||
<P><B>5.5 IP Address Allocation with PPP</B>
|
||
<P>For PPP to work, the client must have an IP address. Most dialin clients
|
||
will not have their own IP address, so it is necessary to assign an IP
|
||
address to the serial port that the client connects through.
|
||
<BR>Earlier, we created a PPP options file that specifies the configuration
|
||
of PPP connections the server will provide, /etc/ppp/options.server. It
|
||
is also possible to create an options file that is specific to connections
|
||
made through a specified serial port. For example, to create a file for
|
||
ttyS2, your create the file /etc/ppp/options.ttyS2.
|
||
<BR> One of the options that can be defined in such a
|
||
file is IP address assigned to the port for PPP connections. This is the
|
||
format for this option:
|
||
<P>ii.jj.kk.ll:mm.nn.oo.pp
|
||
<P>The first IP address, from left to right, is the IP address of the server.
|
||
The second IP address is the IP address assigned to the serial port for
|
||
PPP connections.
|
||
<BR> Note, it is extremely important that you verify
|
||
that the IP address you assign to the serial port is a valid IP address
|
||
on your subnet, and that it is not assigned to any other device on the
|
||
network.
|
||
<P><B>6 Congratulations</B>
|
||
<P>You are done.
|
||
<BR>
|
||
<P>Feed back on this document is appreciated: email <A HREF="mailto:jgentry@swcp.com">jgentry@swcp.com</A>
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<center><H5>Copyright © 1999, Josh Gentry <BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 38 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, March 1999</H5></center>
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<A HREF="./index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../gx/indexnew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="../index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../gx/homenew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ FRONT PAGE ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./blanchard.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/back2.gif"
|
||
ALT=" Back "></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./jenkins7.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/fwd.gif" ALT=" Next "></A>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
|
||
<H4>
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">Linux Installation Primer, Part Seven Version 1999.02.14</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:rjenkins@qni.com">Ron Jenkins</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<P><FONT SIZE=-1><B>Copyright </B><FONT FACE="Symbol">Ó</FONT><FONT FACE="Courier New">
|
||
1998, 1999 by Ron Jenkins. This work is provided on an "as is" basis. The
|
||
author provides no warranty whatsoever, either express or implied, regarding
|
||
the work, including warranties with respect to its merchantability or fitness
|
||
for any particular purpose.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>The author welcomes corrections
|
||
and suggestions. He can be reached by electronic mail at <A HREF="mailto:rjenkins@qni.com">rjenkins@qni.com</A>,
|
||
or at his personal homepage: <A HREF="http://www.qni.com/~rjenkins/">http://www.qni.com/~rjenkins/</A>.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Corrections, as well as updated
|
||
versions of all of the author's works may be found at the URL listed above.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>NOTE: As you can see, I am moving
|
||
to a new ISP. Please bear with me as I get everything in working order.
|
||
The e-mail address is functional; the web site is semi operational, I will
|
||
add to it as I get the time.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>SPECIAL NOTE: Due to the quantity
|
||
of correspondence I receive, if you are submitting a question or request
|
||
for problem resolution, please see my homepage listed above for suggestions
|
||
on information to provide.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Operating Systems Covered/Supported:</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<BR><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Slackware version 3.6</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<BR><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>RedHat version 5.1</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<BR><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Windows NT Server version
|
||
4.0</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<BR><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Windows NT Workstation version
|
||
4.0</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<P><B><I><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>I only test my columns
|
||
on the operating systems specified. I don?t have access to a MAC, I don?t
|
||
use Windows 95, and have no plans to use Windows 98. If someone would care
|
||
to provide equivalent instructions for any of the above operating systems,
|
||
I will be happy to include them in my documents.</FONT></FONT></I></B>
|
||
<P><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Part Seven: Internet Gateway
|
||
performance tuning and tips</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>In a continuation of last month's
|
||
column, we will look at some ideas, tips and tricks to improve the performance
|
||
of our Internet Gateway, as well as some advanced configuration options.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>As with each installment of this
|
||
series, there will be some operations required by each distribution that
|
||
may or may not be different in another. I will diverge from the generalized
|
||
information when necessary, as always.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>In this installment, I will cover
|
||
the following topics:</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Overview of Performance tuning and
|
||
enhancement.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Techniques for performance enhancement.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>WAN connection upgrades.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Hardware upgrades.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Software upgrades.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Caching options.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>General tips and tricks.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>References.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Resources for further information.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>About the Author.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
</UL>
|
||
<B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Assumptions applicable to this
|
||
column:</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<BR><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>It is assumed you have read
|
||
my previous installments in this series, if not, I suggest you review them
|
||
first if you find any of the terms or concepts here confusing.</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<P><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Also, throughout the article,
|
||
I shall use the term WAN connection and PPP connection interchangeably.</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<P><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Overview of Performance tuning
|
||
and enhancement:</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Performance enhancement, like
|
||
any other project, requires an analysis of the cost of the enhancement
|
||
versus the amount of improvement.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>What we will endeavor to accomplish
|
||
here is to improve the performance of our gateway, using a variety of techniques,
|
||
while keeping the additional cost as low as possible.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>For any method suggested here,
|
||
there will be a trade off. Some of the following suggestions may or may
|
||
not be applicable to your own unique situation.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Some of these techniques will
|
||
provide a real, measurable, and noticeable improvement, while others will
|
||
only become apparent through long term analysis, or examination of various
|
||
statistical reporting methods available to you. The ability to accurately
|
||
measure the performance of your gateway machine is essential to effective
|
||
tuning.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>As we go along and become familiar
|
||
with each technique, I will also introduce appropriate methods of measuring
|
||
these techniques, and therefore accurately measure the amount or percentage
|
||
of improvement.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Techniques for performance
|
||
enhancement:</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Although some of the ideas and
|
||
techniques discussed here will be applicable to other types of machines,
|
||
such as file servers and workstations, the primary focus of this column
|
||
will be geared toward the specific enhancement of gateway machines.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>In the context of this assumption,
|
||
the following techniques, in descending order of importance will provide
|
||
the most improvement in the operation and speed of the gateway machine:</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<OL>
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>WAN connection upgrades.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Hardware upgrades.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Software upgrades.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Caching options.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
</OL>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Finally, I will discuss some general
|
||
tips and tricks for measuring the performance of your gateway, as well
|
||
as some ideas for areas of improvement.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>WAN connection upgrades:</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>The single most effective method
|
||
for increasing the performance of your Internet Gateway is to upgrade the
|
||
speed of your connection to the Internet.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>This can take the form of a dedicated
|
||
or dialup connection in most cases. Some of the options you may want to
|
||
consider include:</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Many ISP's offer "dual modem" service.
|
||
This is a technique whereby the two individual modem connections are "bound"
|
||
together using multi-link PPP. The performance enhancement is slightly
|
||
less than the sum of the two individual connections.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>56K modems, provided they are not
|
||
software modems, more commonly known as "WinModems," may be an option.
|
||
I have been told by one of my readers that the external models work well,
|
||
and if the internal model is NOT a soft modem as described above, it should
|
||
work as well. (Thanks go to Gerald McGlew for setting me straight on this
|
||
information.)</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Presently, an Integrated Services
|
||
Digital Network (ISDN) line, commonly known as a Basic Rate Interface,
|
||
or BRI, is one of the best ways to remarkably improve the performance of
|
||
your Gateway machine. In my area, an ISDN line, with unlimited usage, costs
|
||
about $80.00 per month. The cost for a dial up ISDN connection in my area
|
||
is about $50.00 total cost (line charge + ISP access) ~$130.00.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Another possibility would be a cable
|
||
modem, although I know very little about these devices, as they are not
|
||
available in my area, so I do not know how cost effective they are.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>In some areas of the country, Digital
|
||
Satellite Network systems are available. These work well, as long as you
|
||
have a clear path to the satellite. However, the satellite connection is
|
||
only unidirectional, meaning that it only moves FROM the remote station
|
||
TO your PC. This is called the downlink. A separate method of access is
|
||
required for the uplink, or your requests TO the remote network. This can
|
||
be anything from a simple modem to a dedicated connection.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
</UL>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Measuring the performance of your
|
||
WAN connection -</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>There are several programs and
|
||
utilities that can help you here, one that I use quite a bit is a program
|
||
called netwatch, which is handy for general monitoring of your network
|
||
and the speed of your router (your Internet gateway.) This utility is not
|
||
provided as part of the normal distribution of RedHat, but is included
|
||
with Slackware 3.6. There is an RPM of an older version available at any
|
||
of the RedHat mirror sites, in the /powertools/ directory.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>For checking the real time condition
|
||
of your WAN connection, as well as the effectiveness of any compression
|
||
options you may be using, pppstats is very helpful. This utility should
|
||
be available on both Slackware and RedHat machines.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Hardware upgrades:</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>To improve the performance of
|
||
your local network access, RAM and disk subsystems are king. Provided your
|
||
motherboard has sufficient cache to handle it, put as much RAM as you can
|
||
afford in your server and gateway machines.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Another crucial area is the disk
|
||
subsystem. Although there have been significant advances in ATA technology,
|
||
such as EIDE, UDMA, and so on, the standard for heavy, continuous use and
|
||
high performance is still the Small Computer Systems Interface, or SCSI
|
||
device.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>It is important to note that
|
||
IDE drives are SEQUENTIAL access devices, meaning each request for information
|
||
must "stand in line" and wait for it's turn. SCSI drives are CONCURRENT
|
||
access devices, meaning multiple requests can be serviced simultaneously.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>While the price differential
|
||
between IDE devices and comparable SCSI devices was prohibitive in the
|
||
past, at the preset time, the difference is negligible. Consider Ultra
|
||
(20MBS) drives a minimum, Ultra Wide (40MBS) drives better.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>A SCSI subsystem is comprised
|
||
of four basic parts</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>the host adapter, or card that is
|
||
inserted in your PC and coordinates all communication between the SCSI
|
||
devices and your computer.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>The SCSI bus, upon which all the
|
||
data interchange takes place. Usually a 40 or 50 pin cable, depending on
|
||
the speed of the host.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>The SCSI devices, which may include
|
||
disks, scanners, tape drives, and many other devices. The number of devices
|
||
allowed on a given bus depends on the speed of the host as well, but is
|
||
not limited to four devices, like a comparable IDE bus.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>The termination devices. Like the
|
||
bus network we discussed in December, a SCSI bus requires termination at
|
||
both ends, just like a 10BASE2 coaxial network. The termination can be
|
||
active or passive, and may or may not require an additional device to be
|
||
attached, especially on external SCSI devices.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
</UL>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>You may notice I do not mention
|
||
U2W devices here. The support for these devices, as far as I know, is still
|
||
in the development stage, so I would wait awhile on these devices. Besides,
|
||
they are waaaaay expensive!</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>NOTE: Unless you are planning
|
||
on implementing some of the caching techniques described below, a disk
|
||
subsystem upgrade will not provide a noticeable performance enhancement.</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<P><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Simple routing and masquerading
|
||
are done in the kernel, on the fly, causing minimal interaction with the
|
||
disk.</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<P><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>However, if the machine also
|
||
doubles as a file server, web server, or something other than just an Internet
|
||
Gateway, then it is worth considering.</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<P><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Software upgrades:</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>In the area of software enhancements,
|
||
here are some options to consider:</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>PPP Software - You may want to
|
||
consider upgrading your PPP software if your distribution does not contain
|
||
PPP version 2.3.0 or greater. This version contains support for the
|
||
demand dialing option, thus eliminating the need for diald or any such
|
||
extra stuff.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>It also supports a more robust
|
||
scripting method based on ppp-xx scripts, usually prepared at installation
|
||
time and requiring only some editing to make them functional. These files
|
||
are usually located in /etc/ppp and/or /usr/sbin.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Data Compression - A comprehensive
|
||
explanation of Data compression theory is beyond the scope of this article,
|
||
so briefly, here is an overview of compression methods and how they can
|
||
improve the apparent speed with which traffic flows through your WAN interface.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Van Jacobson (VJ) Compression
|
||
- This is enabled by default in most Linux distributions of the PPP daemon.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>BSD Compression (bsdcomp) - Another
|
||
compression scheme, usually disabled by default. You will be required to
|
||
load a module, or re-compile the kernel to include support for this.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Deflate Compression - Yet another
|
||
compression scheme, also disabled by default.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Any one of, and/or combination
|
||
of these compression schemes may or may not improve the apparent performance
|
||
of your PPP connection. To enable, disable, or adjust the parameters for
|
||
any or all of these compression schemes, see the pppd man pages. Experiment
|
||
with them, using netwatch to measure any speed changes, and pppstats to
|
||
measure the amount of compression.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>BIND - The Berkley Internet Name
|
||
Daemon (BIND), commonly called named, is the service responsible for hostname
|
||
to IP address translation on the Internet, most often referred to as Domain
|
||
Name Service, or DNS<B>**</B>.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>While it is impractical to run
|
||
your own full blown DNS server (unless of course you have your own domain,
|
||
and a block of assigned IP's,) It can be helpful to run what is known as
|
||
a "caching only" nameserver.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Whenever you request an object
|
||
on the Internet, whether it be a web page, ftp site, news server, or whatever,
|
||
you usually issue the request in the form of a hostname/path_to_object/
|
||
format. When your request goes out, it is handed off to the DNS server
|
||
specified in your resolv.conf file first.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Since the DNS system is hierarchical,
|
||
like an upside down pyramid, with the point on the bottom being the DNS
|
||
machine in your resolv.conf file, your DNS machine only knows about machines
|
||
local to it's own network<B>*</B>, in this case, your ISP's. This information
|
||
is contained in what are known as "zone" files, which are simply ASCII
|
||
text files that list information about a "zone" or domain in a standardized
|
||
format.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>If the request cannot be resolved
|
||
by this machine, it then consults the next higher machine in the pyramid,
|
||
as so on until ultimately, if necessary, the query reaches the "root.servers"
|
||
responsible for all the *.com, *.edu, *.net domains and so on.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Finally, at some point, after
|
||
much communication back and forth across the WAN connection, the hostname
|
||
you requested will be converted into an IP address, and sent back to your
|
||
computer.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Clearly, there's a significant
|
||
amount of communication going on in the background to let us meat based
|
||
computing devices do the "dub dub dub" deal.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>What a caching nameserver does
|
||
simply put, is to "remember" these name to IP resolutions for a period
|
||
of time, so the next time a particular object is requested, the nameserver
|
||
can service the request locally, without having to go outside the local
|
||
network. This is way cool for two reasons. It makes name resolution appear
|
||
much faster, and reduces traffic on the WAN.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>The downside to this is that
|
||
each initial, or "new" request will take slightly longer to return to your
|
||
computer. As I said before, everything is a trade off. Usually, the latency
|
||
is nominal. This technique is almost always a good idea.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<DIR>
|
||
<DIR><B><I><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>* Well sort of. It is
|
||
possible for your ISP to be aware of other networks beyond the ones contained
|
||
in the root.servers file, but this is irrelevant in the scenario we are
|
||
discussing here.</FONT></FONT></I></B>
|
||
<P><B><I><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>** Actually, BIND is comprised
|
||
of a number of programs, each performing a specific function. The most
|
||
important piece of the puzzle is the resolver.</FONT></FONT></I></B></DIR>
|
||
</DIR>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Apache - The Apache http server
|
||
contains provisions for enabling some caching options, thus reducing WAN
|
||
traffic. Check the Apache documentation for more information.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Squid - This is a web proxy/caching
|
||
software suite that is infinitely configurable, and supports many services.
|
||
To find out more about Squid, and whether it is right for your particular
|
||
installation, see the resources section at the end of this document.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Leafnode - This is a replacement
|
||
for the Network News Transport Protocol (NNTP) server usually used in most
|
||
UNIX installations. It is small, easy to configure, and takes up a fraction
|
||
of the disk space of the normal Internet News (INN) software. The trade
|
||
off is that it does not scale well, and can really tie up your WAN connection
|
||
when it initially downloads the articles available from the newsgroups
|
||
you have selected (See the cron section of the General Tips and Tricks
|
||
for some ways to minimize this congestion.) To find out more about Leafnode,
|
||
and whether it is right for your particular installation, see the resources
|
||
section at the end of this document.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Caching options:</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Advantages of cache options - Whenever
|
||
you are able to store a document (such as a web page or news article,)
|
||
or a data object (such as a name to IP resolution,) locally, this allows
|
||
your gateway to service your request locally, thus reducing the amount
|
||
of traffic across your WAN (PPP) connection. This is a good thing, because
|
||
the apparent speed with which your request is serviced is greatly increased,
|
||
while the WAN connection is left available for other requests and tasks.
|
||
Additionally, if you have the disk space for it, spooling your own news
|
||
is a great idea as well. This allows local network access to your Usenet
|
||
spool, and keeps the download (usually called a fetch or suck because it
|
||
sucks up all your bandwidth,) on the local net, and off the WAN.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Disadvantages of cache options -
|
||
However, there is a tradeoff involved here. This type of caching works
|
||
best for documents and data that are considered "static" or infrequently
|
||
changed. Depending on the expiry parameter set for your caching service
|
||
(the amount of time a document or object resides locally on your machine
|
||
before it is considered "stale" and deleted,) you may find yourself looking
|
||
at "yesterday's news." This is primarily a concern in the web caching area,
|
||
less so in the news although your articles will not be refreshed in "real
|
||
time", and negligible in the nameserver.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Configuration of a caching only
|
||
name server - BIND may or may not be installed on your machine already,
|
||
depending on your choices at installation time. If your distribution does
|
||
not contain BIND version 8.1.x or greater, I strongly recommend you upgrade.
|
||
The 4.x.x version are no longer in development, and the added features
|
||
included in the 8.x.x version, such as dynamic zone transfers, and simplified
|
||
configuration, make it worth the upgrade. See the resources section for
|
||
the URL of the Internet Software Consortium (ISC) which develops and maintains
|
||
BIND.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
</UL>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Slackware 3.6 - The Slackware distribution
|
||
will require you to do a little work to enable the nameserver. This is
|
||
really a good thing, because when you set it up yourself, you will be better
|
||
equipped with more of an understanding of how the process works, and therefore,
|
||
how to diagnose and correct problems when they develop.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>First, you will need a directory
|
||
called /var/named. If it is not already there, create it.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Next, you will need a file containing
|
||
listings of all the root servers, and a file that serves as your local
|
||
information, or "zone" file. These files should be named root.cache, and
|
||
127.0.0, respectively. Examples of these two files may be found in the
|
||
DNS-HOWTO, or the Cricket book listed in the resources section.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Finally, you will need a named.conf
|
||
file, which passes the start up options to BIND. For a caching nameserver,
|
||
it should look something like the following:</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>// Config file for caching only
|
||
name server</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>options {</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>directory "var/named";</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>//Uncomment the line below if
|
||
you are behind a</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>//firewall, and you can?t get
|
||
things to work:</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>// query-source port 53;</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>};</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>zone "." {</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>type hint;</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>file "root.cache";</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>};</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa"
|
||
{</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>type master;</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>file "127.0.0";</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>};</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>// End Config file example</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Those of you who are familiar
|
||
with the C/C++ programming language will notice the similarity of the syntax
|
||
of the named.conf file.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Briefly, the first section delineates
|
||
the working directory, the second section tells the resolver where to look
|
||
for the root servers file, and the last section is your "zone" file. This
|
||
file should live in the /etc directory.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Finally, edit your resolv.conf
|
||
file on the gateway machine to point first to itself, then to your ISP
|
||
for name resolution:</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>search <A HREF="http://home.net/">home.net</A></FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>nameserver 127.0.0.1</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>nameserver <your ISP primary
|
||
DNS></FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>nameserver <your ISP secondary
|
||
DNS></FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Then finish up by pointing all
|
||
your <A HREF="http://home.net/">home.net</A> clients to the gateway for
|
||
resolution:</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>search <A HREF="http://home.net/">home.net</A></FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>nameserver 192.168.1.1</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>RedHat 5.x - when you install
|
||
the RPM, it automagically should install as a caching server. If not, then
|
||
see above for the required files and proper named.conf examples.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>General tips and tricks:</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Late night cron tricks - Cron (short
|
||
for chronometer,) is a more user friendly (supposedly ;-)) front end to
|
||
the at daemon. This daemon allows the unattended execution of scripts and
|
||
commands on precise days at specific times. This is very handy for automating
|
||
many of the drudge tasks inherent on a UNIX box, such as log rotation,
|
||
ftp jobs, or in our case, news and caching server functions. This information
|
||
is contained in files called crontab files. There may or may not be more
|
||
than one of these files present on your system, depending on how it was
|
||
set up at installation, and how many users you may have. This file or files
|
||
live in the /var/spool/cron/crontabs directory.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Automating function's with cron
|
||
- To edit, or add an entry in the crontab file, use the command - crontab
|
||
-e <return>. Once the file is open, entries are made in the format <minutes>
|
||
<hours> <days> <weeks> <months> commands. Null entries are
|
||
represented by an asterix (*). For an example, you will probably want to
|
||
schedule your leafnode newsfeeds, as well as any extensive cache downloads
|
||
in the early hours of the morning when you have the least amount of users
|
||
on the system. To start the newsfeed (fetch) every morning at 4:00 a.m.,
|
||
the entry would be:</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
</UL>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>
|
||
0 4 * * * /usr/sbin/fetch</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Calling scripts from cron - There
|
||
will be times when you want to execute a series of commands, or pass many
|
||
options to one or more commands, and entering them over and over at the
|
||
command line becomes a bummer. Enter shell programming. This is nothing
|
||
more than a file that contains a series of commands to be executed, then
|
||
exited after the last command is done. This is handy for any number of
|
||
things. Indeed, the unicom file from last month is a shell script. As an
|
||
example, say you wanted to remove your wtmp file, and create a new one
|
||
every hour. The script for this might look something like:</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
</UL>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>#!/bin/sh #all scripts should start
|
||
with your preferred shell</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>rm -f /var/log/wtmp #this removes
|
||
the old file</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>touch /var/log/wtmp #this creates
|
||
the new file</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>echo "wtmp cleaned" > /var/log/wtmp.log
|
||
#this just lets me know the script ran</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Shell scripts can be created
|
||
using any of the many text editors available on your Linux system. Let?s
|
||
say we named this file wtmpclean. To make it executable by the system,
|
||
simply issue the chmod command:</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>chmod +x wtmpclean</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>To call this script from cron,
|
||
and have it run every hour, your crontab entry would be something like:</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>0 * * * * /usr/sbin/wtmpclean</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<UL>
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Browser cache settings - Netscape
|
||
has a feature that allows you to adjust the size and behavior of your browser?s
|
||
disk and memory cache. These are areas set aside on your disk and in RAM
|
||
to "keep" your most recently requested browser objects, like an html page,
|
||
a .gif or .jpg file, etc. To adjust these settings, from the Netscape menu
|
||
bar choose Edit/Preferences/Advanced/Cache, Subject to RAM and disk space
|
||
limitations, you can increase/decrease the size of your Disk and Memory
|
||
cache, and choose how frequently your browser will go out across the WAN
|
||
to compare the document in the cache to the document at it?s original location.
|
||
Keep in mind the limitations mentioned previously. This is probably best
|
||
set to "Once per session" unless you are trading stocks or something that
|
||
requires frequent updates.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Tweaking your modem - Most modems
|
||
have extra features available that may or may not improve the performance
|
||
and behavior of your modem. Check the manufacturer?s documentation and
|
||
experiment.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
|
||
<LI>
|
||
<FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Data line conditioning - For a small
|
||
additional monthly charge, you can have the phone company "condition" your
|
||
line, or optimize it for data versus voice communications. This may or
|
||
may not be useful to you, it is usually most helpful if you are in a rural
|
||
area, or some other area that experiences excessive static or degradation
|
||
of line quality.</FONT></FONT></LI>
|
||
</UL>
|
||
<B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>References:</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Previous Columns:</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Parts 4,5, and 6.</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Other:</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Pppd man pages</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Cron man pages</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Leafnode man pages</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>PPP HOW-TO</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>SERIAL HOW-TO</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>DNS-HOWTO</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Resources for further information:</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Web Resources:</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1><A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/">http://www.redhat.com/</A></FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1><A HREF="http://www.slackware.com/">http://www.slackware.com/</A></FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1><A HREF="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/">http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/</A></FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1><A HREF="http://www.linuxresources.com/">http://www.linuxresources.com/</A></FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1><A HREF="http://metalab.unc.edu/">http://metalab.unc.edu/</A></FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1><A HREF="http://www.isc.org/">http://www.isc.org/</A></FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1><A HREF="http://www.apache.org/">http://www.apache.org/</A></FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Squid Software:</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1><A HREF="http://squid.nlanr.net/">http://squid.nlanr.net</A></FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Leafnode Software:</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1><A HREF="http://wpxx02.toxi.uni-wuerzburg.de/~krasel/leafnode.html">http://wpxx02.toxi.uni-wuerzburg.de/~krasel/leafnode.html</A></FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Netwatch software:</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1><A HREF="ftp://ftp.slctech.org/pub/">ftp://ftp.slctech.org/pub/</A></FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Newsgroups:</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>alt.unix.wizards</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>comp.security.unix</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>comp.unix.admin</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>alt.os.linux.slackware</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>comp.os.linux.networking</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>comp.os.linux.hardware</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>linux.redhat.misc</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>Print Materials:</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<BR><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>DNS and BIND (The Cricket Book)
|
||
- 2<SUP>nd</SUP> edition (O?Reilly & Associates)</FONT></FONT>
|
||
<P><B><FONT FACE="Courier New"><FONT SIZE=-1>As always, I?ve ran way long
|
||
this month. Look for the Advanced Services information next month.</FONT></FONT></B>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<center><H4>Previous ``Linux Installation Primer'' Columns</H4></center>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue32/jenkins1.html">Linux Installation Primer #1, September
|
||
1998</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue33/jenkins2.html">Linux Installation Primer #2, October
|
||
1998</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue34/jenkins3.html">Linux Installation Primer #3, November
|
||
1998</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue35/jenkins4.html">Linux Installation Primer #4, December
|
||
1998</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue36/jenkins5.html">Linux Installation Primer #5, January
|
||
1999</A><BR>
|
||
<A HREF="../issue37/jenkins6.html">Linux Installation Primer #6, February
|
||
1999</A><BR>
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<center><H5>Copyright © 1999, Ron Jenkins <BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 38 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, March 1999</H5></center>
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<A HREF="./index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../gx/indexnew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="../index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../gx/homenew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ FRONT PAGE ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./gentry.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/back2.gif"
|
||
ALT=" Back "></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./martin.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/fwd.gif" ALT=" Next "></A>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<H4>
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">PAP HOWTO</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:catfish@alltel.net">Terry Martin</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
This Document is covered by the GPL and can be used in anyway seen fit from
|
||
the license.
|
||
<P>
|
||
This document is not intended to replace the ppp-howto it is intended to be
|
||
a primer as howto setup PAP for calling an ISP that refuses tech support
|
||
to a Linux user.
|
||
<P>
|
||
PAP=Password Authentication Protocol.
|
||
<P>
|
||
If your not sure if your ISP uses pap just bring minicom up and
|
||
atdt<isp-number> and wait for the modem to connect.
|
||
<P>
|
||
If you get login: or some variant of that your isp is not using pap and this
|
||
paper is not for you.
|
||
<P>
|
||
If you get a line or two of trash like:
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
{}{}{}{}{}}}}{{}{}}}{}{}{}{}[][][][][
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
You know it's looking for PAP or mschap.
|
||
<P>
|
||
I won't deal with MSChap since I don't have access to an ISP that uses
|
||
it and I wouldn't want to knowing the reliability of NT.
|
||
Now assuming your dealing with chap we need to figure out what version
|
||
of pppd your using. Type /usr/sbin/pppd --version and you will get the
|
||
version number, I'll cover versions 2.2.0-f and 2.3.5 in this doc as
|
||
thats what I'm familiar with.
|
||
|
||
<H3>pppd 2.2.0 version.</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
This section I will cover the setup and impletation of pap with older
|
||
distributions like RH 4.2 and Slackware 3.6 use this older version of the
|
||
pppd daemon.
|
||
<P>
|
||
I prefer pico for the new users as editors of choice for console. If you don't
|
||
have it look into getting the latest Pine release it's part of it.
|
||
<P>
|
||
You have to edit your ppp-on script if you have one if not I'll include
|
||
one here. You need to look into /usr/doc/pppd*/scripts for the ppp scripts,
|
||
at least thats where the defaults reside with RedHat.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Here's what my ppp-on looks like:<BR>
|
||
<P>
|
||
This is setup for your modem being on com2 in dos or /dev/ttyS1 in Linux.
|
||
You need to use ttySxx since the /dev/cua1 is now a defunct format with the
|
||
2.2.x kernels. If you plan to upgrade to kernel 2.2.x you need upgrade your
|
||
pppd to at least pppd-2.3.x to keep ppp working.
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
#!/bin/sh
|
||
TELEPHONE=<your-isp-phonenumber>
|
||
|
||
LOCAL_IP=0.0.0.0 # Local IP address if known. Dynamic = 0.0.0.0
|
||
REMOTE_IP=0.0.0.0 # Remote IP address if desired. Normally 0.0.0.0
|
||
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 # The proper netmask if needed
|
||
|
||
export TELEPHONE
|
||
|
||
DIALER_SCRIPT=/etc/ppp/ppp-on-dialer
|
||
|
||
exec /usr/sbin/pppd debug lock modem crtscts /dev/ttyS1 115200 \
|
||
asyncmap 20A0000 escape FF kdebug 0 $LOCAL_IP:$REMOTE_IP \
|
||
noipdefault netmask $NETMASK defaultroute connect $DIALER_SCRIPT \
|
||
+ua /etc/ppp/pap-secret
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
Thats what your ppp-on file will need to make pap work.
|
||
As you can see your login name and password are no longer included in this
|
||
file so that closes a security risk there.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Anyplace you see <name> always omit the < > and just use the
|
||
information needed.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Next you need to edit /etc/ppp/ppp-on-dialer to disable the looking for a
|
||
login and password lines.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Example:
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
#!/bin/sh
|
||
#
|
||
# This is part 2 of the ppp-on script. It will perform the connection
|
||
# protocol for the desired connection.
|
||
#
|
||
# This is the ppp-on-dialer for PAP with pppd-2.2.0
|
||
exec /usr/sbin/chat -v \
|
||
TIMEOUT 3 \
|
||
ABORT '\nBUSY\r' \
|
||
ABORT '\nNO ANSWER\r' \
|
||
ABORT '\nRINGING\r\n\r\nRINGING\r' \
|
||
'' \rAT \
|
||
'OK-+++\c-OK' ATH0 \
|
||
TIMEOUT 30 \
|
||
OK ATDT$TELEPHONE \
|
||
CONNECT '' \
|
||
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
Now we'll cover the password file setup and format.
|
||
This next part is easy all you need is a file named pap-secret
|
||
with the login name and password on separate lines.
|
||
<P>
|
||
i.e., pap-secret with pppd-2.2.0
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
greg
|
||
stinky1
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
After you make this file if it's not there. As root type
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
chmod -r pap-secret
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
Please don't forget the /etc/resolv.conf file for your DNS numbers.
|
||
<P>
|
||
I know I said this wasn't goin to be a ppp-howto but I'll include
|
||
/etc/resolv.conf just to save headaches and email as to why it don't it work.
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
domain <your.isp.com>
|
||
search <your.isp.com>
|
||
nameserver xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
|
||
nameserver xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
Your /etc/resolv.conf should look something like this with the proper
|
||
information edited.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Put the ppp-on in /usr/sbin/ and put ppp-on-dialer in /etc/ppp with pap-secret
|
||
as root
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
cp ppp-on /usr/sbin/
|
||
cp ppp-on-dialer /etc/ppp
|
||
cp pap-secret /etc/ppp
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
Now all you should have to do is type ppp-on and you should get connected
|
||
to the net with Linux. Enjoy.
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H3>pppd-2.3.5</H3>
|
||
<P>
|
||
Seting up PAP with pppd-2.3.5 is as easy as pppd-2.2.0 just the syntax
|
||
has changed in the ppp-on script.
|
||
Please refer to the ppp-on-dialerand the resolv.conf in the above for it
|
||
so I don't have to repeat myself here.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Heres an example ppp-on script.
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
#!/bin/sh
|
||
|
||
TELEPHONE=<you-isp-phone-number>
|
||
|
||
LOCAL_IP=0.0.0.0 # Local IP address if known. Dynamic = 0.0.0.0
|
||
REMOTE_IP=0.0.0.0 # Remote IP address if desired. Normally 0.0.0.0
|
||
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 # The proper netmask if needed
|
||
|
||
export TELEPHONE
|
||
|
||
DIALER_SCRIPT=/etc/ppp/ppp-on-dialer
|
||
|
||
exec /usr/sbin/pppd debug lock modem crtscts /dev/cua1 115200 \
|
||
asyncmap 20A0000 escape FF kdebug 0 name catfish $LOCAL_IP:$REMOTE_IP \
|
||
noipdefault netmask $NETMASK defaultroute connect $DIALER_SCRIPT \
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
Thats about all there is to it for ppp-on with pppd-2.3.5 and PAP.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Now for the /etc/pap-secret file the syntax here has changed from the
|
||
earlier pppd-2.2.0 also.
|
||
<P>
|
||
All you need here now is a single line with your login name the interface
|
||
and your password.
|
||
<P>
|
||
So your pap-scret file would look like so.
|
||
<P>
|
||
I.E. pap-secret
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
<loginname> ppp0 <password>
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
Well thats all there is to it for the PAP howto, pretty basic stuff when
|
||
theres documents for it.
|
||
<P>
|
||
Enjoy and happy surfing.
|
||
Terry Martin aka catfish on newnet #alt.linux
|
||
catfish@alltel.net
|
||
<P>
|
||
If for some reason you can't get it to work or you find an error please
|
||
email me.
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<center><H5>Copyright © 1999, Terry Martin <BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 38 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, March 1999</H5></center>
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<A HREF="./index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../gx/indexnew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="../index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../gx/homenew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ FRONT PAGE ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./jenkins7.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/back2.gif"
|
||
ALT=" Back "></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./adler1.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/fwd.gif" ALT=" Next "></A>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
|
||
<H4>
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">The Slashdot Effect, An Analysis of Three Internet Publications</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="http://ssadler.phy.bnl.gov/adler/adler">Stephen Adler</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P>
|
||
|
||
<hr width="60%">
|
||
<Blockquote>
|
||
<Blockquote>
|
||
<center><i>Abstract</i></center>
|
||
<br>
|
||
Apache httpd log files have been analyzed to show the <i>Slashdot
|
||
Effect</i>. This effect is known as the spontaneous high hit rate
|
||
upon a web server due to an announcement on a high volume news web
|
||
site. Three papers were published on the Internet and announced on the
|
||
high volume news web sites of slashdot.org, linuxtoday.org, and
|
||
freshmeat.org. The hit rate plots as a function of time are correlated
|
||
with the announcement times on these web sites. These correlations
|
||
clearly demonstrate the magnitude and significance of the
|
||
<i>Slashdot Effect</i>.
|
||
<p>
|
||
Author's note: Here
|
||
is an <a href="./adler2.html">Addendum</a> to this paper
|
||
which details the Slashdot effect on this paper.
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
<hr width="60%">
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Three papers were published on the Internet. One on October 20th, 1998
|
||
titled
|
||
<a href="http://ssadler.phy.bnl.gov/adler/fiw98/fiw98.html">
|
||
<i>Fall Internet World 98, A View From The Show Floor</i></a>,
|
||
one on November 14th, 1998 titled
|
||
<a href="http://ssadler.phy.bnl.gov/adler/OSS/OSS.html">
|
||
<i>Preserving the Information Ecosystem</i></a>,
|
||
and one on January 28th, 1999 titled
|
||
<a href="http://ssadler.phy.bnl.gov/adler/Stallman/Stallman.html">
|
||
<i>An Ode to Richard Stallman</i></a>. Soon
|
||
after these papers were published, Slashdot, Linux Today and Freshmeat
|
||
ran announcements in one form or other regarding the availability of
|
||
these papers. Within less than an hour, the hit rate to the system
|
||
hosting these papers surged. This surge in hit rate on the hosting web
|
||
server is known as the <i>Slashdot Effect</i>. The magnitude of the
|
||
hit surge varied with each posting since not all three web sites
|
||
posted the articles at the same time, if at all. What follows is a
|
||
brief case study of the <i>SlashDot Effect</i> for each of these
|
||
papers.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<hr width="80%">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<center>
|
||
<a href="./gx/adler/fullTime.jpg"><img src="./gx/adler/fullTimeSmall.jpg"></a>
|
||
</center>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
To start, a plot of the hit rate in hits/minute is shown above for the
|
||
past 4 months during which the three papers were published on the
|
||
Internet. The time on the X axis is that of the Unix system time in
|
||
seconds since Jan 1st, 1970 scaled down by a factor of 1000. The width
|
||
of one bin of the histogram is show in a text field on the bottom
|
||
right of the plot. The first recorded hit was 27/Sep/1998:21:02:08,
|
||
and the last recorded hit was 31/Jan/1999:03:59:43. These two dates
|
||
set the two limits of the X axis time scale. The Y axis shows the
|
||
number of raw hits per minute averaged over the time of one bin
|
||
width. (In the case of the plot above, averaged over 902.39 minutes.)
|
||
The data is shown in raw hits/minute, since for each paper referenced
|
||
by a viewer on the Internet generated several hits. One needs to apply
|
||
a scale factor, which is the number of hits generated per paper, in
|
||
order to measure the number of readers of these publications. Since
|
||
the purpose of this paper is to show the <i>Slashdot Effect</i> and
|
||
not to try and measure the number of readers of the papers, this
|
||
scaling is not performed.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
Vertical lines are drawn on the above plot to indicate the time of the
|
||
posting by the three web sites. The red lines indicate the
|
||
announcements by Slashdot, the green lines by Linux Today, and the
|
||
blue lines by Freshmeat. From this plot, one can see clear evidence of
|
||
the <i>Slashdot Effect</i>. What follows is a closer examination of
|
||
each one of these postings, since this full time view of the hit rate
|
||
to the server hides some detail of the this effect.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<hr width="80%">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<center>
|
||
<a href="./gx/adler/fiw98Zoom.jpg"><img src="./gx/adler/fiw98ZoomSmall.jpg"></a>
|
||
</center>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
This plot above is a zoom in around the time of the announcement of the
|
||
Fall Internet World 98 paper. The paper was first announced around 8am
|
||
on the 20th of October and about 30 minutes later, the hit rate to the
|
||
server surged to well over a 100 hits/minute. This was when the author
|
||
first experienced the <i>Slashdot Effect</i>. Soon after, around 1pm
|
||
of the same day, Linux Today announced the article. One can see a
|
||
slight resurgence in the hit rate about 30 minutes after the Linux
|
||
Today announcement.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<hr width="80%">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<center>
|
||
<a href="./gx/adler/ossFull.jpg"><img src="./gx/adler/ossFullSmall.jpg"></a>
|
||
</center>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
The plot above shows the hit rate to the same server during the time
|
||
that "Preserving the Information Ecosystem" was published and
|
||
announced on Linux Today and posted as a Freshmeat editorial. Linux
|
||
Today announced it on November 14th, and the Freshmeat editorial was
|
||
posted on Nov 21th. The announcement of this article on Linux Today
|
||
was only visible for about 12 hours on its front web page, where as
|
||
the article was visible on the front page of the Freshmeat web site
|
||
for several days. This is an indication as to why the Freshmeat
|
||
announcement generated more hits than that of the Linux Today
|
||
announcement.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<hr width="80%">
|
||
<p>
|
||
<center>
|
||
<a href="./gx/adler/rmsMoreZoom.jpg"><img src="./gx/adler/rmsMoreZoomSmall.jpg"></a>
|
||
</center>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
The final plot above shows the <i>Slashdot Effect</i> with respect to
|
||
the last paper titled "An Ode to Richard Stallman". While the paper
|
||
was being written, notification of its existence was sent to members
|
||
of the LXNY group and to the general redhat mailing list. Therefore
|
||
the activity to the server started to increase before the Linux news
|
||
web sites announced this article. On Jan 28th, around 1pm, Linux Today
|
||
announced the article and published a text only version on their web site.
|
||
Slashdot followed with an announcement of the article and a hyper link
|
||
to the article at around 4pm. One can see the very impressive surge
|
||
in hits after the Slashdot announcement in which the hit rate went
|
||
from about 30 hits/minute up to over 250 hits/minute in about a 15
|
||
minute period.
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<hr width="80%">
|
||
<p>
|
||
In conclusion, the term <i>Slashdot Effect</i> has been referenced
|
||
many times on sites around the Internet. With the publication of
|
||
articles related to Linux and the Open Source movement, and the
|
||
announcement of these articles to Linux related news web sites, one
|
||
has a chance of documenting, in a controlled environment, this
|
||
effect. The plots of the hit rate received by the hosting server
|
||
clearly shows the existence of the <i>Slashdot Effect</i>. This effect
|
||
varies in magnitude for different reasons. One reason being the
|
||
interest of the readership in the content of the article being
|
||
announced. Another reason being the form in which the article is
|
||
announced. For example, the article titled "an Ode to Richard
|
||
Stallman" was announced by Slashdot and Linux Today. Linux Today
|
||
published the text of the article on their own web site, thus keeping
|
||
many of the hits, by readers interested in this article, on their
|
||
server. This strongly dampens the surge in hit rate to the system
|
||
hosting the full article. On the other hand, Slashdot announced the
|
||
article via a hyper link to the server hosting the full article and
|
||
thus the local host received all the hits from Slashdot readers. The
|
||
purpose of this article is just to document the existence of the
|
||
<i>Slashdot Effect</i> and not to try and gauge which news web site
|
||
has the predominant reader-ship.
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<center><H5>Copyright © 1999, Stephen Adler <BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 38 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, March 1999</H5></center>
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<A HREF="./index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../gx/indexnew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="../index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../gx/homenew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ FRONT PAGE ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./martin.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/back2.gif"
|
||
ALT=" Back "></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./rogers.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/fwd.gif" ALT=" Next "></A>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
|
||
<H4>
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<CENTER>
|
||
<H1>
|
||
<FONT COLOR="#800000">The Standard C Library for Linux</FONT></H1></CENTER>
|
||
|
||
<CENTER>
|
||
<H3>
|
||
<FONT COLOR="#000080">Part Four: <ctype.h> Character Handling</FONT></H3></CENTER>
|
||
|
||
<CENTER>
|
||
<H4>
|
||
By <A HREF="mailto:jrogers@u.washington.edu">James M. Rogers</A></H4></CENTER>
|
||
|
||
<HR>
|
||
<P>The last article was on <stdio.h> Input and Output. This article
|
||
is on <ctype.h> character handling.
|
||
<P>Character handling allows us to clasify characters as alpha, digit,
|
||
hexdigit, whitespace, printable, lowercase, uppercase, punctuation and
|
||
to map to and from the upper and lowercase alphabets. Most importantly
|
||
<ctype.h> implements these functions in a non-system dependent way.
|
||
<P>If you write your program assuming that every computer is an ASCII computer
|
||
you will have trouble porting your program to non ASCII machines. If you
|
||
write your character handling functions in terms of these functions your
|
||
program will be much more portable to other platforms.
|
||
<P>I am assuming a knowledge of c programming on the part of the reader.
|
||
There is no guarantee of accuracy in any of this information nor suitability
|
||
for any purpose.
|
||
<P>The program example that I will do this month will go thru the entire
|
||
8bit ASCII range and tell us to which classes any one chacter belongs.
|
||
The example is <A HREF="./rogers_example04c.txt">rogers_example04.c</A><TT>.</TT>
|
||
The output the program generates will be an html document and the run from
|
||
my system is <A HREF="./rogers_example04.html">rogers_example04.html</A>
|
||
.
|
||
<BR>This program can be used as a cgi-bin script and is a demonstration
|
||
of the flexibility of the c language.
|
||
<BR>
|
||
<P>As always, if you see an error in my documentation please tell me and
|
||
I will correct myself in a later document. See corrections at end
|
||
of the document to review corrections to the previous articles.
|
||
<P><B><FONT SIZE="+1">Character Handling</FONT></B>
|
||
<PRE>
|
||
#include <ctype.h>
|
||
|
||
int isalpha(int c);
|
||
int isalnum(int c);
|
||
int isdigit(int c);
|
||
int isxdigit(int c);
|
||
|
||
int iscntrl(int c);
|
||
int isspace(int c);
|
||
|
||
int ispunct(int c);
|
||
int isgraph(int c);
|
||
int isprint(int c);
|
||
|
||
int islower(int c);
|
||
int isupper(int c);
|
||
|
||
int tolower(int c);
|
||
int toupper(int c);
|
||
</PRE>
|
||
isalpha returns true if the character is in the range of A-Z or a-z.
|
||
<P>isalnum returns true if the character is in the range of A-Z or a-z
|
||
or 0-9.
|
||
<P>isdigit returns true if the character is in the range of 0-9.
|
||
<P>isxdigit returns true if the character is in the range of 0-9 or a-f
|
||
or A-F.
|
||
<P>iscntrl returns true if the character is in the set (FF, NL, CR, HT,
|
||
VT, BEL or BS).
|
||
<P>isspace returns true if the character is in the set (space, FF, NL,
|
||
CR, HT or VT).
|
||
<P>ispunct returns true if the character is a nonalnum, nonspace and noncntrl.
|
||
<P>isgraph returns true if the character isalnum or ispunct.
|
||
<P>isprint returns true if the character isspace or isgraph.
|
||
<P>islower returns true if the character is in the range of a-z.
|
||
<P>isupper returns true if the character is in the range of A-Z.
|
||
<P>tolower if isupper return the lowercase character otherwise return the
|
||
character.
|
||
<P>toupper if islower return the uppercase character otherwise return the
|
||
character.
|
||
<BR>
|
||
<P>
|
||
<HR>
|
||
<H4>
|
||
Bibilography:</H4>
|
||
<I>The ANSI C Programming Language, Second Edition</I>, Brian W. Kernighan,
|
||
Dennis M. Ritchie, Printice Hall Software Series, 1988
|
||
<P><I>The Standard C Library</I>, P. J. Plauger, Printice Hall P T R, 1992
|
||
<P><I>The Standard C Library, Parts 1, 2, and 3</I>, Chuck Allison, <I>C/C++
|
||
Users Journal</I>, January, February, March 1995
|
||
<P>CTYPE(3), BSD MANPAGE, <I>Linux Programmer's Manual</I>, 29 November
|
||
1993
|
||
<BR>
|
||
<HR>
|
||
<BR>
|
||
<CENTER>
|
||
<H4>
|
||
Previous "The Standard C Library for Linux" Articles</H4></CENTER>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue24/rogers.html"><I>The Standard
|
||
C Library for Linux, Part One</I>, James M. Rogers, January 1998</A>
|
||
<BR><A HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue31/rogers1.html"><I>The Standard
|
||
C Library for Linux, Part Two</I>, James M. Rogers, July 1998</A>
|
||
<BR><A HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue32/rogers.html"><I>The Standard
|
||
C Library for Linux, Part Three</I>, James M. Rogers, August 1998</A>
|
||
<BR>
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<center><H5>Copyright © 1999, James M. Rogers <BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 38 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, March 1999</H5></center>
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<A HREF="./index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../gx/indexnew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="../index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../gx/homenew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ FRONT PAGE ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./adler1.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/back2.gif"
|
||
ALT=" Back "></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./kidd.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/fwd.gif" ALT=" Next "></A>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
|
||
<H4>
|
||
"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
|
||
</H4>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<font color="navy">A <I>Linux Journal</I> Preview</font>:
|
||
This article will appear in the April 1998 issue of <I>Linux
|
||
Journal</I> due out this month.
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><font color="maroon">Windows/Linux Dual Boot</font></H1>
|
||
<H4>By <a href="mailto:vince@control-escape.com">Vince Veselosky</a></H4>
|
||
</center>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
|
||
So you've heard great things about Linux: faster, cheaper,
|
||
more efficient, more stable. Sounds good. You'd like to try
|
||
it out, but probably have a lot of time and data invested in Windows
|
||
and can't afford to be down while figuring out how to use
|
||
Linux for your daily tasks.
|
||
Windows and Linux can live comfortably on the same computer, even on
|
||
the same hard drive. The choice of operating system can be made
|
||
when you power on. This is commonly called a ``dual boot''
|
||
configuration, and one of the most common questions among new Linux users
|
||
is how to set it up.
|
||
<p>
|
||
My system is a Pentium II 400MHz with 128MB of RAM and an 11GB EIDE
|
||
(actually Ultra-DMA 33 ATAPI, for you hardware gurus) hard drive.
|
||
The hard drive had Windows 95 ``C'' on one big FAT32-formatted
|
||
C: drive, which is a typical factory configuration. I tested installs
|
||
of Red Hat Linux 5.1 and SuSE Linux 5.2.
|
||
<p>
|
||
Before starting, there are two terms you need to be familiar with:
|
||
<i>partition</i> and <i>file system</i>. The disk can be divided into smaller, separate
|
||
pieces which can belong to different owners. For dual booting, Windows
|
||
will own some and Linux will own others. The word ``partition''
|
||
does not refer to the wall; it refers to the separated space. Thus,
|
||
we say Windows is installed ``on'' the first partition.
|
||
The <i>file system</i> is a method of organization. Your hard drive can
|
||
have different file systems. The operating system provides the <i>directory
|
||
tree</i> (also referred to as ``the file system'')
|
||
as a catalog of available files. Every operating system has its
|
||
own type of file system, and other operating systems often don't
|
||
know how to read it. Lucky for us, Linux is a versatile operating system
|
||
and it does understand the file system used by Windows 95 and Windows 98.
|
||
<p>
|
||
<h3>Making Room for Linux</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Most factory-installed Windows installations take up all the space
|
||
on your hard drive, leaving no room for installing Linux. The first and
|
||
most difficult thing we must do is clear some space where Linux can be
|
||
installed. Linux needs to have partitions of its own, but Windows does
|
||
not have the ability to resize partitions. Ordinarily, this would mean
|
||
you would have to delete your existing partition (and everything on it)
|
||
to make room on the drive and then create partitions of smaller sizes
|
||
and reinstall. You can still do this, but there is a better way.
|
||
<p>
|
||
<h3>What You Need</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Most Linux distributions come with a special tool to allow you
|
||
to resize or divide hard drive partitions. Called FIPS, the First
|
||
(non-destructive) Interactive Partition Splitter, it is normally found on
|
||
your Linux CD in a directory called /dosutils. You will also need a blank,
|
||
formatted floppy disk to use as a boot disk. For most older Windows
|
||
installations, that should be all. However, if you have Windows 98 or a
|
||
recent version of Windows 95 with a large hard drive (bigger than 2GB),
|
||
you may need some additional tools if you are using the FAT32 file system.
|
||
<p>
|
||
To check what type of file system Windows is using, open Windows
|
||
Explorer, right click on the C: drive and choose Properties. If
|
||
you see ``File System: FAT32'' on the General tab, you will
|
||
need some additional tools to support this newer file system.
|
||
<p>
|
||
<h3>FAT32 Support Requirements</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
To adjust your partitions, you will need version 2.0 or higher of FIPS.
|
||
If the version included with your Linux distribution is older than this,
|
||
the latest version is available for download from the FIPS home page
|
||
at http://www.igd.fhg.de/~aschaefe/fips/. If you want to share files
|
||
between Windows and Linux (a good idea), you will also need to
|
||
have version 2.0.34 or higher of the Linux kernel. Table 1 is a list of
|
||
Linux distributions known to support FAT32. If your distribution does
|
||
not include support, you will need to upgrade the kernel. Upgrading a
|
||
kernel is beyond the scope of this article, so check the
|
||
documentation included with your distribution or your distributor's
|
||
web site for information about how to do that.
|
||
<p>
|
||
<h3>Table 1. Distributions with FAT32 Support</h3>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>Distribution:</td>
|
||
<td>Earliest Version with FAT32 support</td>
|
||
</tr><tr>
|
||
<td>Red Hat Linux:</td>
|
||
<td>Version 5.1 (kernel 2.0.34)</td>
|
||
</tr><tr>
|
||
<td>SuSE Linux:</td>
|
||
<td>Version 5.3 (kernel 2.0.35)</td>
|
||
</tr><tr>
|
||
<td>Debian GNU/Linux:</td>
|
||
<td>Version 2.0 (kernel 2.0.34)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<h3>Preparing Your Drive</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Before you can resize your Windows partition, a few steps must
|
||
be taken to ensure that the process goes smoothly. First, delete any
|
||
files from your hard drive that are not being used; for example, any old
|
||
files in the C:\windows\temp folder, and then empty your recycle
|
||
bin. Next, check your file system for errors using Scandisk, and compact
|
||
your hard drive using Defrag. I'll assume you Windows users know
|
||
how to do this. When running Scandisk, be sure to check the box next to
|
||
``Automatically Fix Errors''. Defragmentation consolidates
|
||
all your data at the ``front'' of the drive to make room at
|
||
the ``back'' of the drive for your new partition.
|
||
<p>
|
||
When both are finished, it would be wise to note how much space is
|
||
available on the disk. If this number is less than the amount required
|
||
to load Linux (check your distribution's documentation for space
|
||
requirements), you'll need to delete more files or uninstall some
|
||
software to make room.
|
||
<p>
|
||
<h3>Using FIPS</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Before using FIPS, you <i>must</i> read the FIPS.DOC text file
|
||
which accompanies the program. The use of the program is not entirely
|
||
obvious, and you may need the background information the documentation
|
||
provides. Also, while running FIPS you should carefully read all the
|
||
messages it displays. They will provide valuable information on the
|
||
steps you will need to take next. Most importantly, FIPS comes with no
|
||
warranty. Although it has been used safely many times, there is
|
||
always the chance it could damage the data on your hard drive. If
|
||
you value your data, <i>back it up</i> before you begin.
|
||
<p>
|
||
For safety, create a DOS or Windows boot disk to work from. To do
|
||
this, click Start <tt>-></tt> Settings
|
||
<tt>-></tt> Control
|
||
Panel. Double click ``Add/Remove Programs'' and select the
|
||
tab called Startup Disk. Press the button and follow the instructions.
|
||
<p>
|
||
Next, copy the working files for FIPS to the floppy. The files FIPS.EXE,
|
||
RESTORRB.EXE and ERRORS.TXT are mandatory. You may also want to copy
|
||
the documentation files included with FIPS. When your data is backed
|
||
up, restart your computer and boot from the new floppy.
|
||
<p>
|
||
When you arrive at the <tt>A:></tt> prompt, type
|
||
<tt>FIPS</tt> and press enter. A warning will appear
|
||
about using FIPS in multitasking environments like Windows. Since we
|
||
booted from a floppy, we are safe, so press enter. FIPS
|
||
will analyze your existing partitions. It may pause for a long time at
|
||
``Checking FAT'' and ``Searching for Free Space'';
|
||
this is perfectly normal, so just wait. The bigger your hard drive,
|
||
the longer it will take. When FIPS is done with its analysis, it will
|
||
display the results. You may get a warning of something being wrong with your
|
||
FAT. If you read the message carefully, you will find that this is normal
|
||
with large hard drives and will not prevent FIPS from working properly.
|
||
<p>
|
||
FIPS will then demonstrate how it plans to split the existing partition
|
||
and you will have the opportunity to make changes. Do <i>not</i> just press
|
||
enter. By default, FIPS will take <i>all</i> of the available
|
||
free space for the new partition it creates, leaving your Windows
|
||
partition with no free space at all. Windows will not run if it has no
|
||
free drive space, so you <i>must</i> adjust the partitions. Use the up
|
||
and down arrow keys to make large changes (ten cylinders at a time) and
|
||
the left and right arrow keys for small adjustments (one cylinder at a
|
||
time). The size of the existing partition is shown on the left and the
|
||
size of your new empty partition is on the right. In the middle is the
|
||
cylinder number where the split will take place. I left about 1500MB
|
||
for my own Windows partition. Adjust yours according to your needs,
|
||
but I would recommend using at least 1024MB for Windows.
|
||
<p>
|
||
When you are satisfied, press enter. FIPS displays
|
||
information on the new partitions and asks permission to write
|
||
it to disk. Your hard drive has not been altered at this point. You
|
||
may choose to write this configuration to disk or re-edit the
|
||
partition table. On my machine, when I chose to re-edit I received
|
||
an error message that said FIPS couldn't find some files it needed.
|
||
If this happens to you, just press
|
||
<tt>ctrl-alt-delete</tt> to reboot from
|
||
the floppy and start over. This did not cause me any trouble.
|
||
<p>
|
||
When you choose to write the new partitions, FIPS will offer to make
|
||
a backup of your existing boot sector--you should definitely do
|
||
this. The backup file it creates is only 1KB in size and will be
|
||
invaluable if anything goes wrong.
|
||
<p>
|
||
After FIPS completes its work, it will display another message stating
|
||
that you should run scandisk on your old partition. I found that Windows
|
||
will sometimes miscalculate the used and free space on your drive
|
||
after using FIPS, and Scandisk will correct this problem. If you choose
|
||
to restore your original partition scheme using the RESTORRB utility,
|
||
you should run Scandisk after this as well.
|
||
<p>
|
||
After FIPS was done, I received another error. This one said ``Memory
|
||
Allocation Error, Unable to Load COMMAND.COM''. If you see this, just
|
||
press <tt>ctrl-alt-delete</tt>
|
||
to reboot and all is well. This should not affect your hard drive.
|
||
<p>
|
||
Finally, you may want to run the Windows FDISK program from your
|
||
floppy. This is not necessary, since Linux has its own fdisk program
|
||
for manipulating partitions. You will find that your hard drive now
|
||
contains two ``Primary Partitions'' (or ``Primary DOS
|
||
Partitions''). The second one was created by FIPS out of the free
|
||
space on your drive. For Linux installation, delete this second partition,
|
||
freeing up the space for allocating Linux partitions. (Be careful not
|
||
to delete the first one, where Windows lives.)
|
||
<p>
|
||
<h3>Linux Install Tips for Large Drives</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Once you've made room for Linux on your drive with FIPS, you should
|
||
be able to install Linux by following the steps in the installation
|
||
guide that accompanied your Linux distribution. Here are a few tips
|
||
that should help you with the areas where dual booting might make
|
||
a difference.
|
||
<p>
|
||
<h3>Planning your Partitions</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Both the Red Hat and SuSE installation guides have excellent chapters
|
||
on how to divide up your hard drive for use by Linux. Personally,
|
||
I favor the ``Keep It Simple'' principle, especially for
|
||
beginners. I let Windows keep the first partition, create a second
|
||
for the entire Linux install, a third for Linux swap space and
|
||
the fourth for my /home directory (where data is kept). Having /home
|
||
on a separate partition will make things much easier, if you ever have
|
||
to reinstall Linux. The size of each partition will depend on your
|
||
individual situation, but this should suffice for most folks. However,
|
||
if your hard drive is larger than 8GB, there is something else to
|
||
think about--LILO.
|
||
<p>
|
||
<h3>Booting with LILO</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
The usual and recommended method to boot into Linux is using LILO (the
|
||
LInux LOader). LILO can install itself in your boot sector and allows
|
||
you to choose which operating system you would like at boot time.
|
||
Due to a technical limitation, LILO is unable to read data
|
||
from the hard drive past the 1024th cylinder--the 8GB mark for modern
|
||
LBA (Logical Block Addressing) hard drives.
|
||
<p>
|
||
Does this mean you can't use the rest of your drive? Not at all. What
|
||
it does mean is that your <i>boot partitions</i> must all live <i>below</i> the
|
||
8GB mark, that is, below cylinder 1024. Thus, if you want Windows to
|
||
use the first 9GB of your fancy new 18GB drive, you won't be able
|
||
to use LILO to boot Linux. Because of this limitation, Red Hat's Disk
|
||
Druid tool for partitioning the hard drive will not allow you to create
|
||
your Linux boot partition past cylinder 1024. You can still create
|
||
the partitions using fdisk, but Red Hat setup will not install LILO
|
||
if you do.
|
||
<p>
|
||
<h3>Booting from Floppy</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
It is possible to avoid the entire problem of the 8GB barrier by booting
|
||
from a floppy disk. Although this may sound inefficient, it actually
|
||
works quite well. The kernel loads into memory from the floppy
|
||
disk and never accesses the floppy again, so loading the kernel is
|
||
slower; but after that, the system runs the same as if it had booted
|
||
from the hard drive. The Linux kernel has no difficulty accessing
|
||
the end of large hard drives, so it can still reach all the files
|
||
of your Linux installation.
|
||
<p>
|
||
The setup program for your distribution will almost certainly ask you to
|
||
create a boot floppy during installation. Even if you don't plan to
|
||
boot from floppy regularly, you should definitely make a boot disk.
|
||
If for some reason LILO fails to install or becomes corrupted, you
|
||
will have no other way to access the files on your Linux installation.
|
||
<p>
|
||
<h3>Booting with Loadlin</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Loadlin is a program that runs under DOS (or Windows 95 in MSDOS mode).
|
||
It can load the Linux kernel into memory from the DOS partition. Because
|
||
it loads the Linux kernel from the hard drive, there is still a possibility
|
||
the 8GB barrier could cause problems, but only if your Windows
|
||
partition is larger than 8GB and is almost full. That's not likely
|
||
at the time of this writing, but who knows--the next release of Windows
|
||
might take up that much space by itself.
|
||
<p>
|
||
Frankly, I wouldn't recommend Loadlin to Linux novices because it can
|
||
be difficult to configure correctly. If you simply must use it,
|
||
an excellent Loadlin + Win95 Mini-HOWTO document available from the
|
||
Linux Documentation Project should get you up and running.
|
||
<p>
|
||
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Giving Linux a try does not mean you have to buy a whole new computer
|
||
or even a new hard drive. With just a little extra effort, you can
|
||
run both Linux and Windows without losing any data or any productivity
|
||
while you learn Linux. I think you will find it is well worth
|
||
the effort.
|
||
<p><HR> <P>
|
||
<h3>Resources</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
The FIPS home page: http://www.igd.fhg.de/~aschaefe/fips/
|
||
<p>
|
||
The Linux Documentation Project: http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/
|
||
<p>
|
||
The Loadlin + Win95 Mini-HOWTO: http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Loadlin+Win95.html
|
||
<p>
|
||
The Linux + Win 95 Mini-HOWTO: http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Linux+Win95.html
|
||
<p>
|
||
Moving from MS Windows to Linux: http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Grid/2272/
|
||
|
||
<P> <EM>Contact the author through his web site,
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.control-escape.com/">http://www.control-escape.com</A>.
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<center><H5>Copyright © 1999, Vince Veselosky <BR>
|
||
Published in Issue 38 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, March 1999</H5></center>
|
||
|
||
<!--===================================================================-->
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<A HREF="./index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../gx/indexnew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="../index.html"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../gx/homenew.gif"
|
||
ALT="[ FRONT PAGE ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./kidd.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/back2.gif"
|
||
ALT=" Back "></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./lg_backpage38.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/fwd.gif" ALT=" Next "></A>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<center>
|
||
<H1><IMG SRC="../gx/backpage.gif" alt="Linux Gazette Back Page"></H1>
|
||
|
||
<H5>Copyright © 1999 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.<br>
|
||
For information regarding copying and distribution of this material see the
|
||
<A HREF="../copying.html">Copying License</A>.</H5>
|
||
</center>
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
|
||
<H3>Contents:</H3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_backpage38.html#authors">About This Month's Authors</a>
|
||
<li><a HREF="./lg_backpage38.html#notlinux">Not Linux</a>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<a name="authors"></a>
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--======================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<center><H3><font color="maroon">About This Month's Authors</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--======================================================================-->
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Eugene Blanchard</H4>
|
||
Eugene is an Instructor at the Southern Alberta Institute of
|
||
Technology in Calgary, Alberta, Canada where he teaches electronics,
|
||
digital, microprocessors, data communications, and operating
|
||
systems/networking in the Novell, Windows and Unix worlds. When he is not
|
||
spending quality time with his wonderful wife and 18 month old daughter
|
||
watching Barney videos, he can be found in front of his Linux box. His
|
||
hobbies are hiking, backpacking, bicycling and chess.
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Jim Dennis</H4>
|
||
Jim is the proprietor of <A href="http://www.starshine.org">
|
||
Starshine Technical Services</A>.
|
||
His professional experience includes work in the technical
|
||
support, quality assurance, and information services (MIS)
|
||
departments of software companies like
|
||
<A href="http://www.quarterdeck.com"> Quarterdeck</A>,
|
||
<A href="http://www.symantec.com"> Symantec/
|
||
Peter Norton Group</A>, and
|
||
<A href="http://www.mcafee.com"> McAfee Associates</A> -- as well as
|
||
positions (field service rep) with smaller VAR's.
|
||
He's been using Linux since version 0.99p10 and is an active
|
||
participant on an ever-changing list of mailing lists and
|
||
newsgroups. He's just started collaborating on the 2nd Edition
|
||
for a book on Unix systems administration.
|
||
Jim is an avid science fiction fan -- and was
|
||
married at the World Science Fiction Convention in Anaheim.
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Josh Gentry</H4>
|
||
Josh has this to say about himself, "My name is Josh Gentry. My successes in life stem from having great
|
||
family and friends. My failures, as far as I can tell, are unexplainable
|
||
abberations. Most importantly, I am wickedly handsome.
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Michael J. Hammel</H4>
|
||
A Computer Science graduate of Texas Tech University, Michael J. Hammel,
|
||
mjhammel@graphics-muse.org, is an software developer specializing in X/Motif
|
||
living in Dallas, Texas (but calls Boulder, CO home for some reason).
|
||
His background includes everything from data
|
||
communications to GUI development to Interactive Cable systems, all based in
|
||
Unix. He has worked for companies such as Nortel, Dell Computer, and
|
||
Xi Graphics.
|
||
Michael writes the monthly Graphics Muse column in the Linux Gazette,
|
||
maintains the Graphics Muse Web site and theLinux Graphics mini-Howto, helps
|
||
administer the Internet Ray Tracing Competition (http://irtc.org) and
|
||
recently completed work on his new book "The Artist's Guide to the Gimp",
|
||
published by SSC, Inc. His outside interests include running, basketball,
|
||
Thai food, gardening, and dogs.
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Ron Jenkins</H4>
|
||
Ron has over 20 years experience
|
||
in RF design, satellite systems, and UNIX/NT administration. He currently
|
||
resides in Central Missouri where he is pursuing his writing, helping folks
|
||
solve problems and find solutions, teaching, and generally having a dandy
|
||
time while looking for some telecommuting work. Ron is married and has
|
||
two stepchildren. Ron has begun to worry about referring to himself in
|
||
the third person.
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Eric Kidd</H4>
|
||
Eric is a closet LISP bigot but still loves Unix anyway. He spends
|
||
most of his time writing free software (for a living and as a hobby) and
|
||
wishes he had more time to spend learning Go.
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">James Rogers</H4>
|
||
James and Shala Rogers live on the Olympic Peninsula in the middle of
|
||
nowhere. James is a systems programmer for the University of Washington
|
||
Medical Centers, Harborview Medical Centers and the University of
|
||
Washington Physicians Network. He is a Health Level 7 Interface
|
||
programmer who is currently writing a GNU licensed HL7 interface. These
|
||
interfaces allow approximately 40 medical computer systems to
|
||
communicate with each other across the entire Seattle Metropolitan area.
|
||
|
||
<P>
|
||
<H4><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/note.gif">Vince Veselosky</H4>
|
||
Vince is a computer consultant in the Atlanta, Georgia area,
|
||
working mostly in technical support for Microsoft operating systems. He has
|
||
made it his mission in life to master Linux before the year 2000. When
|
||
he's not working with computers, he's looking for a new girlfriend.
|
||
|
||
<a name="notlinux"></a>
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
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|
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<center><H3><font color="maroon">Not Linux</font></H3></center>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--======================================================================-->
|
||
<P>
|
||
Thanks to all our authors, not just the ones above, but also those who wrote
|
||
giving us their tips and tricks and making suggestions. Thanks also to our
|
||
new mirror sites.
|
||
<P>
|
||
I've spent so much time at work lately, my dear husband says he doesn't
|
||
recognize me anymore! I'm hoping once this issue is up, the May issue of
|
||
<I>Linux Journal</I> is gone to layout, and Linux World is in the past, I
|
||
might have some time again to spend with Riley and other family members. My
|
||
daughter Shannon is coming to visit on March 11 and I am looking forward to
|
||
that.
|
||
<P>
|
||
I will be at Linux World on March 2 and 3. Hope to meet you there!
|
||
<P>
|
||
Have fun!
|
||
|
||
<P> <hr> <P>
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.ssc.com/ssc/Employees/Margie/margie.html">
|
||
Marjorie L. Richardson</A> <br>
|
||
Editor, <A HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/"><i>Linux Gazette</i></A>, <A
|
||
HREF="mailto:gazette@ssc.com">gazette@ssc.com</a>
|
||
|
||
<P> <HR> <P>
|
||
<!--====================================================================-->
|
||
<A HREF="./index.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/indexnew.gif" ALT="[ TABLE OF
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||
CONTENTS ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="../index.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/homenew.gif" ALT="[ FRONT
|
||
PAGE ]"></A>
|
||
<A HREF="./veselosky.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/back2.gif" ALT=" Back "></A>
|
||
<p><hr><p>
|
||
<I>Linux Gazette</I> Issue 38, March 1999,
|
||
<A HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/">http://www.linuxgazette.com</A><BR>
|
||
This page written and maintained by the Editor of <I>Linux Gazette</I>,
|
||
<A HREF="mailto:gazette@ssc.com"> gazette@ssc.com</A>
|
||
<P>
|
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