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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Mozilla/4.03 [en] (X11; I; Linux 2.0.30 i486) [Netscape]">
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<META NAME="Author" CONTENT="Michael J. Hammel">
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<META NAME="Description" CONTENT="The Monthly Column of Computer Graphics for Linux Systems.">
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<TITLE>Graphics Muse</TITLE>
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<!--endcut ============================================================-->
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<H4>
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"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
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</H4>
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<P> <HR> <P>
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<!--===================================================================-->
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<!-- =============================================================
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These pages are designed by Michael J. Hammel. Permission to
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use all graphics and other content is granted provided you give
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me (or the original authors/artists) credit for the work and this
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copyright notice is not removed.
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(c)1997, 1998 Michael J. Hammel (mjhammel@graphics-muse.org)
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============================================================= !--><!-- The Button box as a client side imagemap --><MAP NAME="nav-main"><AREA SHAPE="rect" HREF="#mews" coords="20,18 185,40"><AREA SHAPE="rect" HREF="#webwonderings" coords="10,60 185,83"><AREA SHAPE="rect" HREF="#musings" coords="90,102 185,130"><AREA SHAPE="rect" HREF="#resources" coords="70,152 185,180"></MAP>
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<!-- The Button box as a client side imagemap --> <MAP NAME="nav-main"><AREA SHAPE="rect" HREF="#mews" coords="20,18 185,40"><AREA SHAPE="rect" HREF="#webwonderings" coords="10,60 185,83"><AREA SHAPE="rect" HREF="#musings" coords="90,102 185,130"><AREA SHAPE="rect" HREF="#resources" coords="70,152 185,180"></MAP>
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<TABLE BORDER=0 COLS=2 WIDTH="100%" >
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<TR>
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<TD><IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/gm3.gif" ALT="Welcome to the Graphics Muse" NOSAVE HEIGHT=216 WIDTH=441 ALIGN=LEFT></TD>
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<TD VALIGN=BOTTOM>
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<CENTER><FONT SIZE=-1>Set your browser as wide as you'd like now.
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I've fixed the Muse to expand to fill the aviailable space!</FONT></CENTER>
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<CENTER><FONT SIZE=-2>© 1998 by <A HREF="mailto:mjhammel@graphics-muse.org">mjh</A> </FONT></CENTER>
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</TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE>
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<HR WIDTH="100%">
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<TABLE BORDER=0 COLS=2 WIDTH="100%" >
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<TR>
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<TD WIDTH="185"><IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/muse-image-map.gif" ALT="Button Bar" BORDER=0 USEMAP="#nav-main" HEIGHT=200 WIDTH=185 ALIGN=LEFT></TD>
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<TD VALIGN=TOP><B><FONT SIZE=+1>muse:</FONT></B>
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<OL>
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<LI>
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<I>v;</I> to become absorbed in thought </LI>
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<LI>
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<I>n;</I> [ fr. Any of the nine sister goddesses of learning and the arts
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in Greek Mythology ]: a source of inspiration </LI>
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</OL>
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<IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/w.gif" ALT="W" HEIGHT=28 WIDTH=36 ALIGN=BOTTOM>elcome
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to the Graphics Muse! Why a "muse"? Well, except for the sisters aspect,
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the above definitions are pretty much the way I'd describe my own interest
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in computer graphics: it keeps me deep in thought and it is a daily source
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of inspiration.
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<CENTER><FONT SIZE=-1>[<A HREF="#mews">Graphics Mews</A>][<A HREF="#webwonderings">WebWonderings</A>][<A HREF="#musings">Musings</A>]
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[<A HREF="#resources">Resources</A>]</FONT></CENTER>
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</TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE>
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<BR><IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/t.gif" ALT="T" HEIGHT=28 WIDTH=26 ALIGN=LEFT>his column
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is dedicated to the use, creation, distribution, and discussion of computer
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graphics tools for Linux systems.
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<BR>
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<BR>Last month's comment on GGI, made mostly as a passing remark, generated
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quite a bit of email. A few were very nice letters explaining where
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I was mistaken in my perception of GGI. I now have to admit
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that I was wrong about what GGI is with respect to X. It does not
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try to replace X and for that I'm grateful. But even after getting
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numerous emails on the subject from GGI developers and supporters and reading
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all the material at the GGI site (plus discussion on various forums including
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<A HREF="http://slashdot.org">slashdot.org</A>), I'm still not convinced
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GGI is the right thing to do. Call it a gut feeling.
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<P>I also got not just a few letters that were a little less than friendly.
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So to them, I'll put it plainly - convince the commercial X server vendors
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GGI is a good idea and I'll believe it. I trust them. That
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said, I should also point out that as a reader of this column you should
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make your own decisions. Go to the <A HREF="http://www.ggi-project.org/">GGI
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Web site</A> and read their material. Don't trust it simply because
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you read it here. Writers make mistakes too. The web makes
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it very easy to distribute information, but there are very few checks in
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place to force writers to be accurate. The morale: verify your
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information with more than one source.
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<P>One other thing: one responder very politely suggested that I
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should know more about what I write before distributing it in a place that
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carries such "authority" - the Linux Gazette. He is correct:
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I need to try to be as accurate as possible. But to those who were
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not so polite, try to remember: this is just a hobby. I'm not
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really a graphics expert and I do get things wrong. If you're going
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to nudge me in the right direction, please do so politely. And please,
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no more email on GGI. The kernel team is better qualified to decide
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GGI's fate in Linux than I. I'm not even certain any of the kernel
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developers read this column!
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<BR>
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<BR>Ok, on to the work at hand. This month I conclude the two part
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status update on X servers with information on Metro Link. Last month,
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if you recall, I covered XFree86/S.u.S.E and Xi Graphics. Also in
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this months issue of the Muse is a little bit of information I gathered
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while trying to find some decent offline storage media. I'll kill
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the ending - I ended up with an Iomega Jaz drive. But you'll still
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want to read about why I chose it and what it takes to install the beast.
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<P>Finally, I do a little review of XFPovray. This is an XForms based
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front end to POV-Ray, the 3D raytracing engine. I used it recently
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in working on another cover for the Linux Journal.
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<P>Enjoy!
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<P><A NAME="mews"></A>
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<BR>
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<TABLE BORDER=0 COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" >
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<TR>
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<TD><IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/mews.gif" ALT="Graphics Mews" HEIGHT=53 WIDTH=242 ALIGN=LEFT></TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE>
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Disclaimer: Before I get too far into this
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I should note that any of the news items I post in this section are just
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that - news. Either I happened to run across them via some mailing list
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I was on, via some Usenet newsgroup, or via email from someone. I'm not
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necessarily endorsing these products (some of which may be commercial),
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I'm just letting you know I'd heard about them in the past month.
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<BR>
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<TABLE BORDER=0 COLS=3 WIDTH="100%" >
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<TR>
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<TD COLSPAN="3" WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#000000"><IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/cleardot.gif" ALT="indent" HSPACE=30 VSPACE=2 HEIGHT=1 WIDTH=1 ALIGN=LEFT></TD>
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<TD></TD>
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</TR>
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<TR>
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<TD WIDTH="50%">
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<H2>
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XFree86 3.3.2 is released</H2>
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XFree86 version 3.3.2 is now available. The XFree86 3.3 distribution
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is available in both source and binary form. Binary distributions
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are currently available for FreeBSD (2.2.2+ and 3.0-CURRENT), NetBSD (1.2
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and 1.3), OpenBSD, Interactive Unix, Linux (ix86 and AXP), SVR4.0, UnixWare,
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OS/2, Solaris 2.6 and LynxOS AT.
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<P>The XFree86 documentation is available on-line on their Web server.
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The documentation for 3.3 can be accessed at <A HREF="http://WWW.XFree86.org/3.3/">http://WWW.XFree86.org/3.3/</A>.
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<P>The XFree86 FAQ is at <A HREF="http://WWW.XFree86.org/FAQ/">http://WWW.XFree86.org/FAQ/</A>.
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<P>The XFree86 Web site is at <A HREF="http://WWW.XFree86.org/'">http://WWW.XFree86.org</A></TD>
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<TD ROWSPAN="3" WIDTH="2" BGCOLOR="#000000"><IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/cleardot.gif" ALT="indent" HSPACE=1 HEIGHT=1 WIDTH=1></TD>
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<TD WIDTH="49%">
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<H2>
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Moonlight Creator - 3D modeller</H2>
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There's a relatively new GPL modeller available. It's call moonlight creator
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and can be found at <A HREF="http://www.cybersociety.com/moonlight/">http://www.cybersociety.com/moonlight/</A>
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<P>This modeller generated almost as much email as my comment on GGI -
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and I didn't even say anything about it last month!
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<P>
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<HR WIDTH="100%">
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<H2>
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Pad++</H2>
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The NYU Center for Advanced Technology has released a new drawing tool
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with some object placement and scaling features possibly worthy of attention
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as they continue to extend The Gimp.
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<P>Precompiled binaries for several flavors of UNIX.
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<BR><A HREF="http://www.mrl.nyu.edu/">http://www.mrl.nyu.edu/</A>
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<P>Click on Pad++.
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<BR> </TD>
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</TR>
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<TR>
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<TD BGCOLOR="#000000"><IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/cleardot.gif" HSPACE=1 HEIGHT=1 WIDTH=1></TD>
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<TD BGCOLOR="#000000"><IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/cleardot.gif" HSPACE=1 HEIGHT=1 WIDTH=1></TD>
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</TR>
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<TR>
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<TD>
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<H2>
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LParser Source Code Released</H2>
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Laurens Lapré has released the source code for his popular LParser
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tool. LParser creates 3D forms using a descriptive language called
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an L-System. It can be used to produce 3D trees, plants and other
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organic items. Output formats include VRML, POV-Ray, and DXF.
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<P>On his web page Larens writes:
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<UL>Source code of the lparser ZIP file (18Kb) can also be downloaded,
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for those who want to port or just play with new options. The code is straight,
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no frills ANSI-C with even less documentation but it should run on pretty
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much anything with a C or C++ compiler. My current job will leave me with
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neither the time nor the inclination to do serious code hacking so I'm
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throwing the code into the wind, hoping that it will germinate and produce
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lots of mutated offspring ! The Lparser source may be freely distributed.</UL>
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The Web page for the LParser tool is at <A HREF="http://www.xs4all.nl/~ljlapre/">http://www.xs4all.nl/~ljlapre/.</A></TD>
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<TD>
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<H2>
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SART - 3D Rendering Library for Guile</H2>
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SART is a 3D rendering library for Guile. It supports zbuffering, raytracing
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and radiosity, with advanced textures, and image processing and other features.
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This is the first public release announcement, as the 0.5a2 version is
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in the developers opinion sufficiently stable and simple enough to compile
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to meet a wider circle of developers (and even users).
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<P>SART is freely distributable under GPL. To read more, visit the webpage:
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<P><A HREF="http://petra.zesoi.fer.hr/~silovic/sart">http://petra.zesoi.fer.hr/~silovic/sart</A>
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<P>The develper asks:
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<UL>Now would somebody help me interface this thing with script-fu and/or
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guile-gtk?</UL>
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</TD>
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</TR>
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<TR>
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<TD COLSPAN="3" WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#000000"><IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/cleardot.gif" HSPACE=1 HEIGHT=1 WIDTH=1></TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE>
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<H2>
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BMRT 2.3.6 Announcment:</H2>
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Larry Gritz sent out this announcement this past month:
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<UL>Hello, and thanks to everybody for putting up with my extended Beta
|
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period. They say each new group of users discovers a new class of
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bugs. Indeed, with the BMRT port for Windows and the nice RIB support
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of Rhino (www.rhino3d.com), lots of difficulties with trimmed NURBS came
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to the surface and were subsequently fixed. Thanks to those who stuck
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it out with me.
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<P>BMRT 2.3.6 is finally officially shipping. Er, well, you know
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what I mean -- it's on the <A HREF="http://www.seas.gwu.edu/student/gritz/bmrt.html">FTP
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site</A>.
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<P>Please get the latest and replace the beta, if you had it. I managed
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to squash many bugs in the beta, and also reduced both time and memory
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by about 15% for large scenes!
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<P>Other News: Tony Apodaca and I are co-organizing a course for this summer's
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Siggraph conference. The course is titled "Advanced RenderMan: Beyond
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the Companion", and will taught by myself and Tony, Ronen Barzel (Pixar),
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Clint Hanson (Sony Imageworks), Antoine Durr (Blue Sky|VIFX), and Scott
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Johnston (Fleeting Image Animation).
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<BR>Hope to see some of you there!
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<P>Enjoy the software,
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<P> -- lg
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<BR> </UL>
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<HR WIDTH="100%">
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<P> <!--
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-- Did You Know Section
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-->
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<H4>
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Did You Know?</H4>
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...that the Linux Focus online magazine has articles on OpenGL, GLUT, hardware
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acceleration issues, and POV-Ray? Take a look at <A HREF="http://mercury.chem.pitt.edu/~angel/LinuxFocus/">http://mercury.chem.pitt.edu/~angel/LinuxFocus/</A>
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in issues #2 and #3 (that latter is the current issue).
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<BR>
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<BR>...there is an article on the future of VRML on the C|Net News Web
|
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site:
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<UL><B>VRML spec to drive 3D on Net</B>
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<BR>By Erich Luening
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<BR>Staff Writer, CNET NEWS.COM
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<P><A HREF="http://www.news.com/News/Item/0,4,19992,00.html">http://www.news.com/News/Item/0,4,19992,00.html</A></UL>
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...there is a Java based modeller that works under Netscape's Java environment?
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Take a look at <B><FONT COLOR="#CC6600">Mondfarilo: the Java Applet</FONT></B>
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at <A HREF="http://userpages.itis.com/philip/applet.html">http://userpages.itis.com/philip/applet.html.</A>
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The modeller includes support for blobs and lathe objects and can produce
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the model information as POV-Ray 3.0 source (although it only does it to
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a window - you have to use cut and paste to save it to a file). the
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<P>...a description of the Kodak DC120 .KDC File Format can be found at
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<A HREF="http://www.hamrick.com/dc120/">http://www.hamrick.com/dc120/</A>.
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This format is the one used by the popular Kodak DC120 digital camera.
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There is Windows command line source there for converting the files to
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JPEG or BMP formats. Anyone looking for a project might look into
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porting this to Linux for use with, for example, NetPBM, ImageMagick, or
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the GIMP.
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<P>...and speaking of digital cameras, did you know there is a small software
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package called PhotoPC for Linux that supports a number of digital cameras,
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including: Agfa, Epson PhotoPC models, Olympus Digital cameras line,
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Sanyo, and Sierra Imaging. Take a look at the PhotoPC Web page at
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<A HREF="http://www.average.org/digicam/">http://www.average.org/digicam/</A>.
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<P>...there is a good <A HREF="http://triton.slashdot.org/slashdot.cgi?mode=article&artnum=721">editorial
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on the future of games</A> on Linux at <A HREF="http://slashdot.org">Slashdot.org</A>.
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The editorial was written by <A HREF="mailto:rhuffstedtler@InPhact.com">Rob
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Huffstedtler</A>. It's a good piece, and I have to say I agree with
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Rob's sentiments about commercial software - it isn't evil and shouldn't
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be viewed that way. Any development on Linux - free or commercial
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- helps spread the word. Linux isn't just about free software.
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It's about having a choice, whether you are a developer or a user.
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<P>...the address for the AMAPI modeller has changed (I don't know how
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long ago this happened, but I was just notified by a reader):
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<UL><A HREF="ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/graphics/modeling/amapi.linux-elf.us.tar.gz">ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/graphics/modeling/amapi.linux-elf.us.tar.gz</A>
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<BR>or
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<BR><A HREF="http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/graphics/modeling/amapi.linux-elf.us.tar.gz">http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/graphics/modeling/amapi.linux-elf.us.tar.gz</A></UL>
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...there is a very good article on the future of 3D gaming on Linux, including
|
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an interview with Dave Taylor, at <A HREF="http://www.planetquake.com/articles/linux.shtm">PlanetQuake</A>.
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<BR><!--
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-- Q and A Section
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-->
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<P>
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<TABLE BORDER=0 COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#000000" NOSAVE >
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<TR>
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<TD><IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/cleardot.gif" HEIGHT=3 WIDTH=1></TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE>
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<H2>
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Reader Mail</H2>
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Nick Cali (<A HREF="mailto:Mktnc@aol.com">Mktnc@aol.com</A>) wrote:
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<UL>Just want to drop a line thanking you for your effort at the Gazette
|
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and with Linux. Really, thanks a lot.</UL>
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<B><I><FONT COLOR="#993300">'Muse:</FONT></I></B> You're quite welcome.
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I had gotten some rather harsh email from someone recently that had me
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considering dropping out of the Linux world altogether. Getting little
|
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notes like this, however, helps keep me going. Thanks!
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<P>Tristan Savatier (<A HREF="mailto:tristan@mpegtv.com">tristan@mpegtv.com</A>)
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wrote:
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<UL>In Issue 26 of the Linux Gazette (<A HREF="http://www.ssc.com/lg/issue26/gm.html">http://www.ssc.com/lg/issue26/gm.html</A>)
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the link:
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<UL>Linux Multimedia Page -> <A HREF="http://www.digiserve.com/ar/linux-snd/">http://www.digiserve.com/ar/linux-snd/</A></UL>
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should be renamed: Linux MIDI and Sound Page.</UL>
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<B><I><FONT COLOR="#993300">'Muse:</FONT></I></B> Although it is
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too late to change it in that issue, I'll make a note of it in the next
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issue. Many thanks for the update
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<P>Glenn McCarter <<A HREF="mailto:gmccarter@hotmail.com">gmccarter@hotmail.com</A>>
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wrote to the IRTC Discussion List:
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<UL>I have uploaded a POV-Ray include file "stereo.inc" to my website.
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It can produce a stereoscopic view of any POV-Ray scene. This was
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the technique I used in my current IRTC entry, "Dawn Patrol". The
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url is http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Gallery/2006/include.htm. Feel
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free to download and experiment. Non POV-Ray users: you can also
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take a look at the text file to understand the approach involved.
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Any raytracing program should be able to utilize this technique.
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Feedback and comments welcomed.</UL>
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<B><I><FONT COLOR="#993300">'Muse:</FONT></I></B> If anyone takes
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a look at this and wants to offer some commets, feel free to drop me a
|
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line. Keep in mind that Glenn may or may not be a Linux/Unix person.
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You should keep that in mind if you contact him.
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<P>David R. Heys originally asked the GIMP Discussion List (or possibly
|
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the IRTC-L list, I think I may have logged this incorrectly):
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<UL>It's been more years than I can count since I've been in school learning
|
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the various formulae for calculating waves, points within objects, distances,
|
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etc. As well, all those old school books are long gone. Can anyone
|
|
recommend a good, comprehensive book? I'm looking for something that will
|
|
summarize the theories and formulae and present it in layman's terms, or
|
|
as close to layman's terms as possible.</UL>
|
|
Jerry Anning <<A HREF="mailto:clem@dhol.com">clem@dhol.com</A>> replied:
|
|
<UL>The <B><I><FONT COLOR="#006600">Schaum's Outline</FONT><FONT COLOR="#FFCC33">
|
|
</FONT></I></B>series of books, published by McGraw-Hill, are mostly good
|
|
no-nonsense material. Some of them move a little fast if you are
|
|
learning the material for the first time, but they are excellent for reference
|
|
and refresher. If you have a little "mathematical maturity" and take
|
|
the time to work the problems, you can learn the basics of new subjects
|
|
with them as well. The most info-rich ones from a ray tracing perspective
|
|
are probably <B><I><FONT COLOR="#006600">Analytic Plane and Solid Geometry</FONT></I></B>,
|
|
<B><I><FONT COLOR="#006600">Trigonometry</FONT></I></B>, <B><I><FONT COLOR="#006600">Matrices</FONT></I></B>,
|
|
and <B><I><FONT COLOR="#006600">Mathematical Handbook. Descriptive
|
|
Geometry</FONT></I></B> and <B><I><FONT COLOR="#006600">Projective Geometry</FONT></I></B>
|
|
have their uses, too. For rendering specific math, the standard book
|
|
is <B><I><FONT COLOR="#006600">Computer Graphics Principles and Practice</FONT></I></B>
|
|
by Foley, vanDam, et al. Here you can learn about splines, antialiasing
|
|
theory and many other useful things. I also suggest that you visit
|
|
the nearest vocational college bookstore and look for books on shop trigonometry,
|
|
particularly compound angles. Standard math books give this material
|
|
very short shrift at best. To design things like polyhedra and complex
|
|
csg's compound angles are very useful. If you find a used copy of
|
|
Bowditch, or some other navigation manual, you can learn a few useful things
|
|
about sections of spheres as well. Good luck.</UL>
|
|
'<B><I><FONT COLOR="#993300">Muse:</FONT></I></B> I thought this
|
|
information might be of general interest to my readers. I know this
|
|
is a question I've been asked a few times in the past, but didn't have
|
|
quite as complete an answer. By the way, for those that don't know,
|
|
CSG is constructive solid geometry - the joining of simple shapes to make
|
|
more complex ones.
|
|
|
|
<P>David Robertson <saga@cs.otago.ac.nz> from the Computer Science Department
|
|
of the University of Otaga wrote:
|
|
<UL>I enjoyed your summary of X Windows hardware support (or lack thereof).
|
|
There is a very interesting web page at
|
|
<UL><A HREF="http://parallel.nas.nasa.gov/Parallel/Projects/FOGL/index.html">http://parallel.nas.nasa.gov/Parallel/Projects/FOGL/index.html</A></UL>
|
|
which gives NASA Ames position regarding Mesa hardware support. Sadly
|
|
the page has not been updated since last October, despite the date at the
|
|
bottom of the page.</UL>
|
|
<B><I><FONT COLOR="#993300">'Muse:</FONT></I></B> Thanks for the
|
|
info Dave. If any of my readers missed it, the first part of the
|
|
X Servers Update was in <A HREF="http://www.graphics-muse.org/muse/mar98/gm.html">last
|
|
month's issue of the Muse</A>. This month I conclude the report with
|
|
information on <A HREF="#xserver">Metro Link</A>.
|
|
|
|
<P>Alejandro <Cmm.compu@lanet.losandes.com.ar> wrote:
|
|
<UL>I read your four article in Linux Journal, now I'm trying to update
|
|
my version of gimp. I download a file in rpm format, but it doesn't
|
|
work. Could you please tell me where to find the las versions of Gimp,
|
|
and what file I should download?</UL>
|
|
<B><I><FONT COLOR="#993300">'Muse:</FONT></I></B> www.gimp.org will
|
|
point you to the latest versions of both the GIMP and GTK.
|
|
If you have updated GTK recently, then you need to update GIMP. Also,
|
|
if you've updated the GIMP, you'll need updated GTK libraries. The
|
|
two are tied together pretty closely right now since both are getting ready
|
|
to go to their respective 1.0 releases.
|
|
|
|
<P>You're problem, assuming the file you downloaded was a newer version
|
|
of the GIMP than what you already had on your system, is probably that
|
|
the version of GIMP you downloaded doesn't work with the GTK libraries
|
|
you have. In that case, you need to get a compatible version of the
|
|
GTK libraries.
|
|
|
|
<P>Larry S. Marso (larry@marso.com) wrote to the GIMP User list:
|
|
<UL>The manual says that Wacom's Artpad is supported, but that patches
|
|
are required to take advantage of some features, including the pressure
|
|
sensitive pen. (The ArtzII is the 6x8 tablet version).
|
|
|
|
<P>Where are such patches?</UL>
|
|
Dmitry Yaitskov replied:
|
|
<UL>If you haven't found them yet, take a look at: http://www.msc.cornell.edu/~otaylor/gtk-gimp/step-by-step.html
|
|
|
|
<P>But I had some problems with pressure sensitivity, like random pointer
|
|
lockups and such, and generally did not like the feel of that much, so
|
|
although I still use the patched version of gimp -.99.18 - I turned pressure
|
|
sensitivity off.. I have ArtPad II.</UL>
|
|
And to this, Larry S. Marso added:
|
|
<UL>I should mention that I've found the patched 0.99.18 for Wacom ArtZII
|
|
absolutely flawless (including the pressure sensitivity feature).
|
|
|
|
<P>Well, I wish it was faster ... and had more options. But I've
|
|
never experienced "pointer lockups and such". The gsumi app available
|
|
on the same web site provides a bitmap drawing capability at extremely
|
|
high resolution (the default is 4000x4000) with pressure sensitive drawing
|
|
(including caligraphic tips). Great for creating postscript signatures,
|
|
and also for high resolution drawings suitable for subsequent manipulation
|
|
by Gimp.</UL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
<HR WIDTH="100%">
|
|
<BR><A NAME="webwonderings"></A>
|
|
<BR><IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/webwonderings.jpg" HEIGHT=57 WIDTH=246>
|
|
<BR>No time for Web Wonderings this month. I'll try to come up with
|
|
something for next month.
|
|
<BR>
|
|
<HR WIDTH="100%">
|
|
|
|
<P><A NAME="musings"></A>
|
|
<BR>
|
|
<TABLE BORDER=0 COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" >
|
|
<TR>
|
|
<TD><IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/musings.gif" ALT="Musings" HEIGHT=52 WIDTH=247 ALIGN=LEFT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
</TABLE>
|
|
|
|
<H2>
|
|
Offline storage using a Jaz Drive</H2>
|
|
In playing with all the graphics software I've talked about in this
|
|
column over the past year, I've managed to fill up the relatively modest
|
|
4Gig of disk space I have in the two systems currently running in my home.
|
|
When I finish with a project I generally don't need to keep all the work
|
|
files on my main hard disks. I also don't want to get rid of them
|
|
- they may have something I can use in a later project. So I need
|
|
some form of offline storage.
|
|
|
|
<P>Last year I attempted to address the problem by installing a 450Mb floppy
|
|
tape drive on my file server. Once installed, this worked fairly
|
|
well with the <A HREF="http://www-math.math.rwth-aachen.de/~LBFM/claus/ftape/">zftape
|
|
driver</A> and the <A HREF="http://www.multiline.com.au/~yusuf/">taper</A>
|
|
backup software, but initially I had quite a time getting the zftape driver
|
|
installed. From the point of view of cost the floppy tape drive is
|
|
a good solid solution. A floppy tape drive currently runs less than
|
|
$150US. From the point of view of convenience, well, it takes a long
|
|
time to backup 1G of data onto a tape drive running off of a floppy controller.
|
|
Taper does provide a fairly convenient curses based interface for selecting
|
|
the files to be backed up or retrieved, but my needs were less administrative.
|
|
I simply wanted to copy over a directory tree to some offline media and
|
|
then clean up that tree. Later, if I needed them, I wanted to be
|
|
able to copy them back in. I'm wasn't quite at the point where offline
|
|
media management was a real problem - I didn't need special tools for keeping
|
|
track of what I had on the offline media. What I needed was a removable
|
|
hard disk.
|
|
|
|
<P>Fast forward to this year. Technology once again has heard the
|
|
cry of the meek and a flurry of removable hard disk solutions are now hitting
|
|
the shelves. One of the first, and currently the most popular if
|
|
you believe the noise in the trade magazines, is the <B><FONT COLOR="#CC6600">Iomega
|
|
Zip drive</FONT></B>. This is a drive with a cartridge that looks
|
|
somewhat like a fat floppy disk. The cartridge holds 100Mb of data,
|
|
good enough for 3 or 4 of my smaller projects or one large project.
|
|
The drives are running under $130US (I've seen them as low as $119) and
|
|
the cartridges are about $20 each, cheaper if bought in bundles of 3 or
|
|
more. The drives are available as either parallel or SCSI connected
|
|
devices.
|
|
|
|
<P>The problem with this solution is simply size. 100Mb of data can
|
|
be generated fairly fast using the GIMP - I've had swap files from this
|
|
tool larger than that. I also had a hard time finding an external
|
|
drive. Most of the drives I could find locally were internal drives.
|
|
This was probably just a local distribution or supply problem, but then
|
|
I didn't look very hard for these drives once I'd decided they simply were
|
|
too small.
|
|
|
|
<P>The next step up from this for Iomega is the <B><FONT COLOR="#CC6600">Jaz</FONT></B>
|
|
drive. The first versions of these drives, which is what I purchased,
|
|
hold about 1G of data. The latest versions will support the old 1G
|
|
cartridges and the newer 2G cartridges. An external SCSI version
|
|
is available so I was able to connect the drive to my recently purchased
|
|
Adaptec 2940 (which is what I hooked my scanner to) without having to dig
|
|
into the innards of my hardware. Again, convenience is a key here
|
|
- I was willing to pay a little more for ease of use.
|
|
|
|
<P>There are a number of removable hard drive solutions on the market today,
|
|
however I wasn't able to find information on support for any of these devices
|
|
except the Iomega drives. This information is available at the <A HREF="http://www.cnct.com/~bwillmot/jaztool/">Jaztool
|
|
</A>page. Jaztool is a package for managing the drive, which I'll
|
|
discuss in a moment. Strangely, the Jaz Drive Mini-Howto does not
|
|
appear to be on the <A HREF="http://www.linuxresources.com/LDP/index.html">Linux
|
|
Documentation Project </A>pages, although a Mini-Howto for the Zip drive
|
|
can be found there.
|
|
|
|
<P>Since the drive is connected to a SCSI controller there aren't any Jaz-specific
|
|
drivers necessary. You just need to find a SCSI card with supported
|
|
drivers. I chose the Adaptec 2940 because the driver for it (aic7xxx)
|
|
was a loadable module that was precompiled in the Red Hat 4.2 distribution
|
|
that I currently use. In other words, I was able to simply plug the
|
|
card in, run <B><FONT SIZE=-1>insmod aic7xxx</FONT><FONT SIZE=-2>,</FONT></B>
|
|
and the card was running. The 2940 has a high density SCSI connector
|
|
which is the same sort of connector used by the Jaz drive. I had
|
|
previously purchased a high density to 25 pin cable converter to connect
|
|
my 2940 to the UMAX scanner (which has the 25pin connector), so I simply
|
|
stuck the Jaz driver between the scanner and the adapter. The Jaz
|
|
drive comes with a converter, if you need it (the UMAX scanner did not).
|
|
Total time for hardware install - about 20 minutes.
|
|
<BR>
|
|
<BR>As mentioned earlier, there is a tool for managing the Jaz drive called
|
|
Jaztool. This package provides a software means to eject, write protect
|
|
or read/write enable, and retrieve drive status. Password protection
|
|
is available but not officially supported. The man page gives information
|
|
on how to use this feature if you wish to give it a try. <I>Mode
|
|
5</I> (password protected write <I>and</I> read) is not supported by jaztool,
|
|
even though the Jaz drive supports it. You cannot access the
|
|
cartridge that comes with the drive in write mode, so you'll need to use
|
|
the jaztool program to allow you write access to that cartridge.
|
|
The Jaz Drive Mini-Howto explains how to do this quite clearly. The
|
|
disk can be mounted as delivered using the VFAT filesystem type, which
|
|
means that long file names can be used. This removes the need to
|
|
reformat disk with native Unix filesystem. However, the disk that
|
|
comes packaged with drive is nearly full. It contains a large number
|
|
of MS-related tools for DOS, Win3.1, Win95 and WinNT. Since I didn't
|
|
need these I simply mounted the drive and used <B><FONT SIZE=-1>rm -rf
|
|
*</FONT></B> on it to clean it up. Once I'd done that, I decided
|
|
to go ahead and just place an ext2 filesystem on the driver. This
|
|
is simple enough following the information provided in the Jaz Driver Mini-Howto
|
|
on the Jaztools page at <A HREF="http://www.cnct.com/~bwillmot/jaztool/">http://www.cnct.com/~bwillmot/jaztool/.</A>
|
|
|
|
<P>Speed on the drive is quite good - the Jaz drive has an average of 12ms
|
|
seek times, compared to the 29ms of the Zip drive. This provides
|
|
the sort of file management I was looking for by allowing me to simply
|
|
copy files to and from the drive and at a speed comparable to my regular
|
|
disk drives. It's certainly faster than the floppy tape solution.
|
|
|
|
<P>As I was writing this article I started to consider if I had gotten
|
|
my moneys worth. The Jaz drive runs about $299US for an external
|
|
SCSI drive, about $199US for internal drives. Compared to the floppy
|
|
tape I got about twice the storage space for about twice the price.
|
|
At least I thought I had, until I added in the cost of the SCSI card and
|
|
the media. The cost for the SCSI card I can significantly reduce
|
|
by making full use of the 7 devices I can connect to it, but it still ran
|
|
about $240US. The media, on the other hand is significantly higher.
|
|
Travan 3 tapes (which are what you use with the floppy tape drive) run
|
|
about $30US or so (I think - it's been awhile since I purchased them).
|
|
The Jaz cartridges are $125US each! You can save a little by purchasing
|
|
them in packs of 3 for about $300US. The good news here is that recent
|
|
court rulings have allowed another company (whose name escapes me right
|
|
now) to sell Zip and Jaz compatible media here in the US. The result
|
|
should be a drop in the price of the media over the next 6 months to a
|
|
year. The one cartridge I have now will hold me for another couple
|
|
of months at least. By then, keeping my fingers crossed, I'll be
|
|
able to get a 3 pack for $250 or less.
|
|
|
|
<P>So, adding the Iomega Jaz drive was simple enough. The information
|
|
and software provided by Bob Willmot (the Jaztools author) made getting
|
|
the cartridge running almost a no-brainer. And I now have over a
|
|
Gigabyte of external storage that I can access nearly as fast as my regular
|
|
hard drives. All things considered, it's been one of my better investments.
|
|
<BR>
|
|
<BR>
|
|
<BR>
|
|
<TABLE BORDER=0 COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#000000" NOSAVE >
|
|
<TR NOSAVE>
|
|
<TD NOSAVE><IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/cleardot.gif" HEIGHT=2 WIDTH=2></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
</TABLE>
|
|
|
|
<TABLE BORDER=0 COLS=3 WIDTH="100%" NOSAVE >
|
|
<TR NOSAVE>
|
|
<TD VALIGN=TOP ROWSPAN="3" WIDTH="50%" NOSAVE>
|
|
<H2>
|
|
<A NAME="xserver"></A>X Server Update Part II - Metro Link</H2>
|
|
Last month I provided the first part of an update on 3D support available
|
|
in X Servers and from other places. I had gotten a number of emails
|
|
from readers asking where they could find drivers for various 3D video
|
|
cards. I also wanted to find out to what extent the X Input Extension
|
|
is supported. Since I hadn't done so in the past, I decided to contact
|
|
the various X server vendors and see what they had to say on the subject.
|
|
|
|
<P>I sent out a query to the 4 X server vendors I knew of: Xi Graphics,
|
|
Metro Link, XFree86 and S.u.S.E. The query read as follows:
|
|
|
|
<P><I>Do you have any information which I may use in my column related
|
|
to your current or planned support for 3D hardware acceleration (specifically
|
|
related to OpenGL/Mesa, but not necessarily so)? What about support
|
|
for alternative input devices via the X Input Extension. The GIMP,
|
|
and its X toolkit Gtk, both make use of X Input if available and I expect
|
|
many other tools will do so as well in the near future.</I>
|
|
|
|
<P>Last months article covered 3 vendors, Xi Graphics and XFree86/S.u.S.E,
|
|
plus the Mesa package. This month I'll cover <A HREF="http://www.metrolink.com/">Metro
|
|
Link</A>. Due to a bit of poor time managment on my part, I wasn't
|
|
able to cover Metro Link at the same time as the others. My apologies
|
|
to all parties for this.
|
|
|
|
<P>While reading this article please keep in mind that my intent was to
|
|
simply query for information about X Input and 3D hardware support.
|
|
It is not intended for this to be a comparison of the vendors products
|
|
nor do I offer any editorial on the quality of their products. I
|
|
have tried to remove some of the marketing information both from last months
|
|
article and this months, but I also want to be fair to the respondents
|
|
and provide as much of the information that they provided that is relevent
|
|
to the topic.
|
|
|
|
<P>My first contact with Metro Link was through the assistance of Dirk
|
|
Hohndel at S.u.S.E., who forwarded my request to Garry M. Paxinos.
|
|
Garry was quite helpful and offered information on his own and had Chris
|
|
Bare contact me with additional information.
|
|
|
|
<P>Garry first provided me with a few dates:
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>
|
|
March 30 - Metro-X 4.3 server release.</LI>
|
|
|
|
<LI>
|
|
May - CDE 2.1.10</LI>
|
|
|
|
<LI>
|
|
July - Hardware Accelerated OpenGL</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
This he followed up with a little more detail:
|
|
<UL>We have a Level II OpenGL source code license from SGI. This
|
|
makes it difficult for us to work with GPL'd source. We have been
|
|
shipping a software only version of OpenGL since October 8, 1995.
|
|
Due to both the competitive nature of this activity and that things might
|
|
change before release, it is rather difficult for us to have detailed comments
|
|
on:
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>
|
|
Architectural issues.</LI>
|
|
|
|
<LI>
|
|
Chip/Board Support</LI>
|
|
|
|
<LI>
|
|
Relationships with Chip/Board Vendors (most are under NDA anyway)</LI>
|
|
|
|
<LI>
|
|
Relationships with OS vendors</LI>
|
|
|
|
<BR> </UL>
|
|
We plan on making our plans public when we get closer to our release.
|
|
Count on quite a few press releases.
|
|
<BR> </UL>
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
<CENTER><A HREF="#next-column">-Top of next column-</A></CENTER>
|
|
</TD>
|
|
|
|
<TD ROWSPAN="3" WIDTH="2" BGCOLOR="#000000" NOSAVE><IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/cleardot.gif" HEIGHT=2 WIDTH=2></TD>
|
|
|
|
<TD WIDTH="49%" NOSAVE><LH><A NAME="next-column"></A><B>More Musings...</B> </LH>
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A HREF="xfpovray.html">XFPovray</A></LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
</TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
|
|
<TR NOSAVE>
|
|
<TD BGCOLOR="#000000" NOSAVE><IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/cleardot.gif" HEIGHT=2 WIDTH=2></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
|
|
<TR NOSAVE>
|
|
<TD VALIGN=TOP NOSAVE>
|
|
<UL>Current plans are for 3 to 4 specific chip types to be supported in
|
|
our initial OpenGL hardware release. We plan on supporting at least
|
|
two different CPUs in that release. We've had a policy since our
|
|
FCS (First Customer Shipment) back in 1995 that all customers will receive
|
|
a copy of the hardware version when it is released.</UL>
|
|
Garry noted that Metro Link supports 5 different CPUs: x86, PPC,
|
|
Alpha, 68k, and Sparc. He also mentioned that they support multiple
|
|
operating systems. Although I didn't mention it last month, both
|
|
XFree86 and Xi Graphics servers are also available for other operating
|
|
systems besides Linux.
|
|
|
|
<P>Not long after my first contact with Garry, Chris Bare provided a more
|
|
detailed description of what is in the works. Chris is the engineer
|
|
responsible for Metro Link's X Input Support.
|
|
<UL>Metro-X 4.3 (due out in the next month or so as I write this) will
|
|
include support for dynamically loadable X Input driver modules. The 4.3
|
|
release will include drivers for Elo Graphics, Carroll, Micro Touch and
|
|
Lucas/Deeco touch screens. We are also going to make available a skeleton
|
|
driver and documentation for anyone interested in supporting devices on
|
|
their own. This technology will also be donated to Xfree86 for inclusion
|
|
in one of their future releases.
|
|
|
|
<P>Our graphical configuration tool provides a fast and accurate on-screen
|
|
calibration procedure for any supported touch screen.
|
|
|
|
<P>Future plans include support for the Wacom tablet as a loadable X Input
|
|
module and support for 3D input devices like the Space Orb. We are interested
|
|
in supporting any device there is a reasonably demand for, so if there
|
|
are any devices your readers have asked about, please let me know.</UL>
|
|
As you can see, Metro Link did not list specific boards which they plan
|
|
to support. Neither XFree86 nor Xi specifically mentioned any boards
|
|
last month. There appears to be quite of bit of work in the pipe
|
|
line, however, and according the Garry we should see a flurry of announcements
|
|
in the relative near term. Chris does point out some specific input
|
|
devices that will be supported in the next release, however.
|
|
|
|
<P><B>Contact Information</B>
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>
|
|
Announcement: <A HREF="news:comp.os.linux.announce">comp.os.linux.announce</A> </LI>
|
|
|
|
<LI>
|
|
Web Site: <A HREF="http://www.metrolink.com">http://www.metrolink.com</A> </LI>
|
|
|
|
<LI>
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|
Business: <A HREF="mailto:sales@metrolink.com">sales@metrolink.com</A>,
|
|
which is an autoresponder </LI>
|
|
|
|
<LI>
|
|
Human sales contact: <A HREF="mailto:holly@metrolink.com">holly@metrolink.com</A> </LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
Garry added: We do make announcments to c.o.l.a. And we are
|
|
working on updating our web site including plans on keeping it up to date.
|
|
The sales@metrolink.com address is our standard public address.
|
|
However, that is an autoresponder. The address holly@metrolink.com
|
|
is referenced in the autoreply and is the 'human' that handles any sales
|
|
questions manualy.</TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
</TABLE>
|
|
|
|
<TABLE BORDER=0 COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" BGCOLOR="#000000" NOSAVE >
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<TR>
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<TD><IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/cleardot.gif" HEIGHT=1 WIDTH=1></TD>
|
|
</TR>
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|
</TABLE>
|
|
|
|
<TABLE BORDER=0 COLS=1 WIDTH="100%" >
|
|
<TR>
|
|
<TD><IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/resources.gif" ALT="Resources" HEIGHT=57 WIDTH=246 ALIGN=LEFT></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
</TABLE>
|
|
The following links are just starting points for finding more information
|
|
about computer graphics and multimedia in general for Linux systems. If
|
|
you have some application specific information for me, I'll add them to
|
|
my other pages or you can contact the maintainer of some other web site.
|
|
I'll consider adding other general references here, but application or
|
|
site specific information needs to go into one of the following general
|
|
references and not listed here.
|
|
<BR>
|
|
<TABLE BORDER=0 COLS=2 WIDTH="100%" NOSAVE >
|
|
<TR NOSAVE>
|
|
<TD NOSAVE>Online Magazines and News sources
|
|
<BR><A HREF="http://www.news.com/">C|Net Tech News</A>
|
|
<BR><A HREF="http://www.eklektix.com/lwn/">Linux Weekly News</A>
|
|
<BR><A HREF="http://slashdot.org/">Slashdot.org</A>
|
|
|
|
<P>General Web Sites
|
|
<BR><A HREF="http://www.graphics-muse.org/linux/lgh.html">Linux Graphics
|
|
mini-Howto</A>
|
|
<BR><A HREF="http://www.graphics-muse.org/ugu/ugu.html">Unix Graphics Utilities</A>
|
|
<BR><A HREF="http://www.digiserve.com/ar/linux-snd/">Linux Multimedia Page</A>
|
|
|
|
<P>Some of the Mailing Lists and Newsgroups I keep an eye on and where
|
|
I get much of the information in this column:
|
|
<BR><A HREF="http://www.gimp.org">The Gimp User and Gimp Developer Mailing
|
|
Lists</A>.
|
|
<BR><A HREF="http://www.irtc.org">The IRTC-L discussion list</A>
|
|
<BR><A HREF="news:comp.graphics.rendering.raytracing">comp.graphics.rendering.raytracing</A>
|
|
<BR><A HREF="news:comp.graphics.rendering.renderman">comp.graphics.rendering.renderman</A>
|
|
<BR><A HREF="news:comp.graphics.api.opengl">comp.graphics.api.opengl</A>
|
|
<BR><A HREF="news:comp.os.linux.announce">comp.os.linux.announce</A> </TD>
|
|
|
|
<TD><IMG SRC="../gx/hammel/gmuse.jpg" HSPACE=10 HEIGHT=270 WIDTH=190></TD>
|
|
</TR>
|
|
</TABLE>
|
|
<A NAME="future"></A>
|
|
<H2>
|
|
Future Directions</H2>
|
|
Next month: XFont3D/Font3D probably. Beyond that I'm not certain
|
|
yet.
|
|
|
|
<P><A HREF="mailto:mjhammel@graphics-muse.org">Let me know what you'd like
|
|
to hear about!</A>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
<HR WIDTH="100%">
|
|
<DIV ALIGN=right><FONT SIZE=-1>© 1998 <A HREF="mailto:mjhammel@graphics-muse.org">Michael
|
|
J. Hammel</A></FONT></DIV>
|
|
|
|
<!--===================================================================-->
|
|
<P> <hr> <P>
|
|
<center><H4>Previous ``Graphics Muse'' Columns</H4></center>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue11/gm.html">Graphics Muse #1, November 1996</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue12/gm.html">Graphics Muse #2, December 1996</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue13/gm.html">Graphics Muse #3, January 1997</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue14/gm.html">Graphics Muse #4, February 1997</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue15/gm.html">Graphics Muse #5, March 1997</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue16/gm.html">Graphics Muse #6, April 1997</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue17/gm.html">Graphics Muse #7, May 1997</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue18/gm.html">Graphics Muse #8, June 1997</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue19/gm.html">Graphics Muse #9, July 1997</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue20/gm.html">Graphics Muse #10, August 1997</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue22/gm.html">Graphics Muse #11, October 1997</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue23/gm.html">Graphics Muse #12, December 1997</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue25/gm.html">Graphics Muse #13, February 1998</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue26/gm.html">Graphics Muse #14, March 1998</A>
|
|
<P><HR><P>
|
|
<center><H5>Copyright © 1998, Michael J. Hammel <BR>
|
|
Published in Issue 27 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, April 1998</H5></center>
|
|
|
|
<!--===================================================================-->
|
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