575 lines
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575 lines
21 KiB
HTML
<!--startcut ==========================================================-->
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>More 2 Cent Tips & Tricks Issue 26</title>
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</head>
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<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#A000A0"
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ALINK="#FF0000">
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<!--endcut ============================================================-->
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<H4>"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
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</H4>
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<P> <hr> <P>
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<!-- QUICK TIPS SECTION ================================================== -->
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<center>
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<H1><A NAME="tips"><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="" SRC="../gx/twocent.gif">
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More 2¢ Tips!</A></H1> <BR>
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Send Linux Tips and Tricks to <A HREF="mailto:gazette@ssc.com">
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gazette@ssc.com
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</A></center>
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<p><hr><p>
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<H3>Contents:</H3>
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<ul>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_tips26.html#apache">Apache SSL extensions...</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_tips26.html#locate">Locate</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_tips26.html#print">Re: Printing Problems</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_tips26.html#net">Re: LG25, Netscape on the Desktop</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_tips26.html#vax">Re: Linux and VAX 3400 and 3300</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_tips26.html#binary">Binary File Access with dd</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_tips26.html#find">Follow up to find 2c-tip</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_tips26.html#ispell">ispell & Pine 3.96</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_tips26.html#xvscan">XVSCAN: Combining different parts
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together </A>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_tips26.html#scape">2c-tip: Netscape on the Desktop</A>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_tips26.html#win">Linux and Win95</A>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_tips26.html#su">My $0.02 tip: Graphical su</A>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_tips26.html#eggs">Easter Eggs in Netscape</A>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_tips26.html#core">Core Dumps</A>
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</ul>
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<P> <hr> <P>
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<!--================================================================-->
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<a name="apache"></a>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
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Apache SSL extensions...
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</H3>
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Date: Fri, 27 Feb 1998 15:49:41 -0800<BR>
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From: Glenn D'mello, <A HREF="mailto:glenn@arbornet.org">
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glenn@arbornet.org</A> <BR>
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<blockquote> <I>
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From Frank:
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My problem is this one ... I've gone bananas in trying to find a
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document that explains how to install, in a step by step fashion, the
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Apache
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SSL "extensions" to one of my Apache WWW Webservers (the performance
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increase is awesome) can you or anyone that reads this
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help... </I> </blockquote>
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<P>
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This is how I did it:
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<ol>
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<li>Get SSLeay 0.8.0 or later from
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ftp://ftp.psy.uq.oz.au/pub/Crypto/SSL
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<li>Build and test and install it!
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<li>Get Apache 1.2.5 source
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<li>Get Apache SSLeay extensions from
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ftp://ftp.ox.ac.uk/pub/crypto/SSL/apache_1.2.5+ssl_1.13.tar.gz
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<li>Unpack it in the apache-1.2.5 source directory and patch Apache as
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per the README.
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<li>Configure and build it.
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<li>Read the docs before building (set your paths, etc, etc)
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</ol>
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Worked the first time too!
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Hope this helps:
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<P>
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Glenn.
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<P> <hr> <P>
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<!--================================================================-->
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<a name="locate"></a>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
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Locate
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</H3>
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From: John Corey, <A HREF="mailto:norm@comanche.dyn.ml.org">
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norm@comanche.dyn.ml.org</A>
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<P>
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One of my annoyances with the locate program have been that with it,
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users can see files they have no access to otherwise. So, I have
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deviced a little <A HREF="./locate.diff">patch</A> to the original
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sources to fix that, along with a
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few other annoyances. It inherently does a few other things as well.
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It will only list files that do currently exist (not just files that
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existed when updatedb was last run). Also, it adds the option -l to
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locate which simply performs a ls -l on the files returned.
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<P>
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To compile, get the sources from
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ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/findutils-4.1.tar.gz .
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Extract that, then apply the attached diff to it with: patch <
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locate.diff, and compile per the instructions within findutils.
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<P>
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The only file modified is locate.c, so you can skip the installation
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process if you already have updatedb/locate installed, and just simply
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replace your existing locate binary with the new one (keeping a backup
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of the original, should anything evil happen).
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<P>
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Enjoy
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<P> <hr> <P>
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<!--================================================================-->
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<a name="print"></a>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
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Re: Printing Problems
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</H3>
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<P>
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Date: Wed, 04 Feb 1998 22:05:40 +0100 <BR>
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From: M.H.M. Verhoeven, <A HREF="mailto:leeuweri@stad.dsl.nl">
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leeuweri@stad.dsl.nl</A>
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<blockquote> <I>
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Anyone that can help me. I'd love to hear it. I try running
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lpr, but everytime I get no name for local machine.
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How do I set this and/or what is the problem.
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-- Manish Oberoi </I> </blockquote>
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<p>
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I had the same problems with printing (no name for local machine).
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You should put a entry for your machine in /etc/hosts, and your problem
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is solved. In my case, the name of my computer had changed, but
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/etc/hosts still contained the old name for my machine.
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<p>
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Gertjan
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<P> <hr> <P>
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<!--================================================================-->
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<a name="net"></a>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
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Re: LG25, Netscape on the Desktop
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</H3>
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<P>
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Date: Thu, 05 Feb 1998 00:26:03 +0100 <BR>
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From: Soenke J. Peters, <A HREF="mailto:peters@on-line.de">
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peters@on-line.de</A>
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<p>
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I use a similar trick to start up the browser-/mail-/news-window from
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three different buttons in my windowmanager's panel.
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For the mail-window, you have to start the script with 'mailbox:' as the
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url parameter, for the news-window simply use 'news:'.
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For urls beginning different from the above, netscape opens the normal
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browser window.
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<p>
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Soenke J. Peters, Hamburg, Germany
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<P> <hr> <P>
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<!--================================================================-->
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<a name="vax"></a>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
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RE: Linux and VAX 3400 and 3300
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</H3>
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<P>
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Date: Thu, 05 Feb 1998 10:11:00 -0700 <BR>
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From: James Gilb, <A HREF="mailto:p27451@email.sps.mot.com">
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p27451@email.sps.mot.com</A>
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To: dennis.j.smith@ArthurAndersen.com
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<blockquote>
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<I>I have just purchased a MicroVAX 3400 and 3300. I would like to put Linux
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on these two systems. Can you provide any help in this aspect.</I>
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</blockquote>
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<P>
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I believe those are MIPS 3000 boxes, try the Linux VAX Port Homepage at
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http://ucnet.canberra.edu.au/~mikal/vaxlinux/home.html and the
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Linux/MIPS project at http://lena.fnet.fr/
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<p>
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My guess is that you will need to get your hands dirty on this one. You
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could also try NetBSD, they may have a port now.
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<p>
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If they are not MIPS boxes, then you could have a real challenge on you
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hands, but then isn't that half the fun of Linux?
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<p>
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James Gilb
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<P> <hr> <P>
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<!--================================================================-->
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<a name="binary"></a>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
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Binary File Access with <tt>dd</tt>
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</H3>
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<p>Date: February 9, 1998<br>
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From: Leonard R Budney <a
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href="mailto:budney@fore.com">lbudney@fore.com</a><br></p>
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<p><tt>dd</tt> stands for <em>Disk Dump.</em> Or if it doesn't it
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should. The "main" use for <tt>dd</tt> is to duplicate a floppy
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disk, bit for bit, to a file. You probably used it to create boot
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disks when you installed Linux for the first time, unless you used
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its much less functional cousin <tt>rawrite.</tt> If you're sick of
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keeping boxes of floppies around, you can use <tt>dd</tt> in
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reverse, and throw the floppy away. Depending on permissions, you
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might have to do this as root.</p>
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<pre>dd if=/dev/fd0 of=quicken_install_disk_1.img bs=1440k</pre>
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<p>The <tt>if</tt> argument specifies an input file (which defaults
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to the standard input). Naturally, the <tt>of</tt> argument names
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the output file (which defaults to the standard output). Finally,
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the <tt>bs</tt> argument tells <tt>dd</tt> what <em>block size</em>
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to use. Here we set the block size equal to the size of a floppy
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disk, and let <tt>dd</tt> read one block of data.</p>
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<p>The man page says that the purpose of <tt>dd</tt> is to "convert
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a file while copying it." In English, that means that <tt>dd</tt>
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does <em>not</em> assume a file is made of text! It doesn't look
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for carriage returns to delimit lines, it doesn't stop reading at
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the first binary zero, nothing! This gives us the power to read
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files exactly, byte for byte. It allows us to read a fixed number
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of bytes, or physically to overwrite a file.</p>
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<p>As just one example, consider /dev/random. That's a nifty Linux
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innovation--a pseudo device that accumulates randomness. Would you
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like to read 10 bytes of random data from /dev/random? It's a
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snap.</p>
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<pre>dd if=/dev/random of=/tmp/random.bin bs=1 count=10</pre>
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<p>Note that /dev/random provides binary data, so if we omit the
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<tt>of</tt> argument then that data will probably trash our display.
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Alternately, we could have omitted the <tt>of</tt> argument, but
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piped the output through <tt>cat -v</tt> to escape any non-printable
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characters. In addition to the arguments explained above, we use
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the <tt>count</tt> argument to specify the number of blocks to read.
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In conjunction with a blocksize of 1, <tt>count=10</tt> tells
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<tt>dd</tt> to read exactly 10 bytes.</p>
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<p>Here's a final example, for the paranoid. When you delete a file
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using <tt>rm,</tt> you only delete the inode pointing to your data.
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The data is still there, on the disk, waiting for somebody with a
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"Disk Doctor" utility to resurrect and read. Does that bother you?
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Well, you should delete your data, not just your file. Again,
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<tt>dd</tt> comes to the rescue. Normally <tt>dd</tt>
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<em>truncates</em> its output file before writing. The argument
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<tt>conv=notrunc</tt> overrides that behavior, and causes
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<tt>dd</tt> to write over any existing data. The following shell
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script combines all of these ideas, and wipes out your file by
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overwriting it five times with pseudorandom data, and then deleting
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it.</p>
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<pre>
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#!/bin/sh
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FILE=$1
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SIZE=`ls -l $FILE | awk -- '{print \$5;}'`
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{
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for iteration in 1 2 3 4 5
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do
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dd if=/dev/urandom of=$FILE bs=${SIZE} count=1 conv=notrunc
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sync
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done
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} && rm -f $FILE
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</pre>
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<p>Enjoy!<br>
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Len.</p>
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<P> <hr> <P>
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<!--================================================================-->
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<a name="find"></a>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
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Follow-up to find 2c-tip
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</H3>
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<P>
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Date: Tue, 10 Feb 1998 19:20:44 +0000 <BR>
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From: Markus Pilzecker, <A HREF="mailto:mp@rhein-neckar.netsurf.de">
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mp@rhein-neckar.netsurf.de</A>
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<p>
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in your December issue, one of the 2-cents about find had been:
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<p><blockquote>
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<I>A shorter and more efficient way of doing it uses backticks:</I><BR>
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<tt> grep "string" `find . -type f`</tt><BR>
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<I>Note however, that if the find matches a large number of files you
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may exceed a command line buffer in the shell and cause it to
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complain. </I> </blockquote>
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<p>
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The solution to this is using xargs:
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<pre>
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find <find_roots> <other_options> -print0 | xargs -0 grep <options>
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</pre>
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. xargs only puts as much onto grep's [or whatever else's]
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command line as fits without overflow. Only in the latter case will
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it start a new instance of grep. The trick of the first proposal to
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add ``/dev/null'' to grep's command line to make it print the name
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of the file in work is [mostly] superfluous then, since xargs
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[mostly] puts more than one filename onto grep's command line.
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<p>
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The find option ``-print0'' and the xargs option ``-0'' work together
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to assure correct handling of odd filenames.
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<p>
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Markus
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<P> <hr> <P>
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<!--================================================================-->
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<a name="ispell"></a>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
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ispell & Pine 3.96
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</H3>
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<P>
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Date: Fri, 13 Feb 1998 08:39:34 -0800 (PST) <BR>
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From: Peter Struijk
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<p>
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To use ispell in Pine, go into Pine SETUP (press S, then C),
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search using WhereIs for "speller" (press W) and make sure the value
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set there is "ispell". That will do it.
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<P>
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Peter
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<P> <hr> <P>
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<!--================================================================-->
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<a name="xvscan"></a>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
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XVSCAN: Combining different parts together
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</H3>
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<P>
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Date: Sat, 13 Sep 1997 01:04:29 -0500<BR>
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From: Earl Fryman, <A HREF="mailto:fryman@io.com">fryman@io.com</A> <BR>
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To: xvscanlist@tummy.com
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<P>
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<blockquote> <I>
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Is it possible to combine two (or more) different parts from
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different pages on same fig?
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For example, if I scan pages and want to print transparencies from
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small part of the text enlarged. Now, if the part 1 is at the end of a
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page and the part 2 is on the following page, I have not been able
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to combine them on one single fig (part 1 and below it part 2).
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How could I do that with xvscan? If the parts are on the same page I have
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used cut, past and crop.<BR>
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--<BR>
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Juha Perkkio, juha.perkkio@mikkeliamk.fi
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</I> </blockquote>
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<P>
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Yes it is posible. Load the first image and select the portion of
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the image to cut. Press Alt-C (hold down Alt key and press C).
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Load the second image and press Alt-V. A frame window the size
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of the cut in the first image will appear. Position the frame where
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you want the image to be pasted, then press Alt-V (again). This even
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works if the two image are of different type (bmp, jpg, gif, etc.).
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<P>
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Earl Fryman
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<P> <hr> <P>
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<!--================================================================-->
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<a name="scape"></a>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
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2c-tip: Netscape on the Desktop
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</H3>
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<P>
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Date: Sun, 15 Feb 1998 19:43:58 -0100<BR>
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From: Victor-A. Bruessow, <A HREF="mailto:Christian.Bruessow@t-online.de">
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Christian.Bruessow@t-online.de</A>
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<P>
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I'm using this little bash script to start Netscape:
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<pre>
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#!/bin/sh
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if [ $1 ] ; then
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REMOTE_COMMAND="openURL($@,new-window)"
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else
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REMOTE_COMMAND="openBrowser"
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fi
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netscape -remote $REMOTE_COMMAND || netscape $@
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</PRE>
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I think it has some advantages over the script from Tim Hawes:
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<ul>
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<li>no need to look for a lock file, which means:
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<li>it even starts Netscape, if there is a stale lock file from a crashed
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browser session :-)
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<li>you can call it without any arguments, it doesn't matter if there is
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a running Netscape or not
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("openURL($@,new-window)" will cause an error, if "$@" is empty, so I
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use "openBrowser" instead)
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</ul>
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Christian
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<P> <hr> <P>
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<!--================================================================-->
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<a name="win"></a>
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<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
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Linux and Win95
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</H3>
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<P>
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Date: Wed, 18 Feb 1998 14:55:22 +1300<BR>
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From: Justin Lodge, <A HREF="mailto:justin.lodge@optimation.co.nz">
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justin.lodge@optimation.co.nz</A>
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<P>
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Rexson
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Re: Your Question e-mail to Linux Gazette
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<P>
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Your big problem is that Win95 has probably helped itself to the entire
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drive already - so there is no space left available to install extra
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Linux partitions.
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<P>
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What you really should do first is to back up all the existing
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partitions using a tape or a Zip or a Jaz drive. Let me guess you don't
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have one of these..... if you can beg/borrow/steal one temporarily and
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back everything up before you do anything that would be good.
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<P>
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Maybe your D: partition doesn't hold much and you can transfer the data
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to the C: drive where Win95 is installed - this will allow you to re-use
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the D: partition for Linux.
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<P>
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Next - buy/beg/borrow/steal a recent copy of Red Hat for Linux (make
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sure you get the book and the floppy disks that come with the CD) and
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the Doctor Linux book.
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<P>
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Red Hat has a beginners book with it that explains a lot that you need
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to know to install Linux and a set of excellent scripts that lead you
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though the installation.
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<P>
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doctor linux has good beginners sections and more complex ones about
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dual booting Win95 and Linux
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<P>
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I would recommend that you DO NOT try to make the machine dual boot - it
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could cock-up the win95 installation
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but these articles will help you understand the mechanics around this
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|
area. The HOWTO articles in Doctor Linux are all available on the
|
|
Internet if you don't want to buy a book but having a hard copy to
|
|
reference is much easier.
|
|
<P>
|
|
once you have re-located any useful data off the D: to the C: then use
|
|
the disk partitioning tool that comes with red hat to de-allocate the D:
|
|
partition and then create the root, usr, swap and home (and any others)
|
|
in this area. From memory I believe that the root partition has to be in
|
|
a primary partition but all the rest can be logical partitions contained
|
|
in a single "extended" partition.
|
|
<P>
|
|
This re-allocation of partitions is EXTREMELY dicey - make absolutely
|
|
sure you understand which partition is C: and which is D: IF you
|
|
de-allocate C by mistake then it is almost definitely un-recoverable
|
|
unless you have Norton for Win95 or something similar that can repair
|
|
the damage.
|
|
<P>
|
|
Create a boot diskette using red hat so that when you want to run Linux
|
|
you just plug it in and re-boot the machine - booting off the floppy may
|
|
seem awkward but it is much much faster than any version of Windoze.
|
|
<P>
|
|
Any one else using the family using the machine will not have this boot
|
|
diskette and will not be able to see your
|
|
partitions from Win95 and won't even know that Linux is there. This is
|
|
how I keep my family off my copy of Linux.
|
|
<P>
|
|
Justin
|
|
|
|
<P> <hr> <P>
|
|
<!--================================================================-->
|
|
|
|
<a name="su"></a>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
My $0.02 tip: Graphical su
|
|
</H3>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 1998 22:01:25 +0100 (CET)<BR>
|
|
From: Andreas Kostyrka, <A HREF="mailto:andreas@rainbow.studorg.tuwien.ac.at">
|
|
andreas@rainbow.studorg.tuwien.ac.at</A>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Sometimes one want to do su but be able to use X11 programs like RH
|
|
control-panel. There are several ways to accomplish this:
|
|
*) The hard way: su - and copy&paste the xauth:
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ xauth list $DISPLAY # mark the output
|
|
$ su -
|
|
# xauth add <paste the above line>
|
|
# export DISPLAY=<display mentioned in the pasted line.)
|
|
</PRE> <P>
|
|
*) The overkill net way:
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ ssh localhost -l root
|
|
</PRE> <P>
|
|
This depends upon you haveing installed ssh (ftp.replay.com is the site
|
|
where one gets the crypto stuff for RH Linux in .rpms), and is probably
|
|
not that fast, as it uses a X11 proxy forwarding server.
|
|
<P>
|
|
*) The graphical (XDM) way, or the way to show off for your WinNT friends:
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
$ Xnest :10 -query localhost &
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
:10 must be perhaps customized if it is already in use.
|
|
localhost is your xdm host.
|
|
This should work if you use xdm for login. (==You have a graphical login
|
|
screen.)
|
|
<P>
|
|
Andreas Kostyrka
|
|
|
|
<P> <hr> <P>
|
|
<!--================================================================-->
|
|
|
|
<a name="eggs"></a>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
Easter Eggs in Netscape
|
|
</H3>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 1998 13:32:57 -0800 (PST)<BR>
|
|
From: Eric Geyer, <A HREF="mailto:corduroy@sfo.com">corduroy@sfo.com</A>
|
|
<P>
|
|
I saw the list of Easter Eggs in Netscape, and I have two more, both much less
|
|
useful than the ones you listed.
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
about:mozilla
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
On all the Unix netscapes I've seen, it changes the Netscape logo in the upper
|
|
right.
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
about:jzw
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
This will take you to Jamie Zawinski's homepage, and will change the Netscape
|
|
logo on Unix netscape except for version 4.
|
|
<P>
|
|
Just thought you would like to know...
|
|
<P>
|
|
Eric Geyer
|
|
|
|
<P> <hr> <P>
|
|
<!--================================================================-->
|
|
|
|
<a name="core"></a>
|
|
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
|
|
Core Dumps
|
|
</H3>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 1998 13:56:51 PST<BR>
|
|
From: Marty Leisner, <A
|
|
HREF="mailto:leisner@sdsp.mc.xerox.com">leisner@sdsp.mc.xerox.com</A>
|
|
<P>
|
|
I was annoyed on Linux that file(1) couldn't tell what file
|
|
dumped core if a core dump was seen.
|
|
<P>
|
|
For a while, I was doing strings | head and guess at it by inspection.
|
|
<P>
|
|
But size will do the job:
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
: leisner@dw;size core
|
|
text data bss dec hex filename
|
|
45056 295036 0 340092 5307c core (core file invoked as minicom - dpp2)
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>
|
|
marty
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P> <hr> <P>
|
|
<!--================================================================-->
|
|
<center>Published in <I>Linux Gazette</I> Issue 26, March 1998</center>
|
|
<P> <hr> <P>
|
|
<!--================================================================-->
|
|
<A HREF="./index.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/indexnew.gif" ALT="[ TABLE OF
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CONTENTS ]"></A> <A HREF="../index.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/homenew.gif"
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ALT="[ FRONT PAGE ]"></A> <A HREF="./lg_mail26.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/back2.gif" ALT=" Back "></A>
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<A HREF="./lg_bytes26.html"><IMG SRC="../gx/fwd.gif" ALT=" Next "></A>
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<P> <hr> <P>
|
|
<h5>This page maintained by the Editor of <I>Linux Gazette</I>,
|
|
<A HREF="mailto: gazette@ssc.com">gazette@ssc.com</A><BR>
|
|
Copyright © 1998 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc. </H5>
|
|
<P>
|
|
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|
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