1138 lines
41 KiB
HTML
1138 lines
41 KiB
HTML
<!--startcut ======================================================= -->
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>The Answer Guy Issue 23</title>
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</head>
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<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#0020F0"
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ALINK="#FF0000">
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<!--endcut ========================================================= -->
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<H4>"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
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</H4>
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<P> <hr> <P>
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<!-- =============================================================== -->
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<center>
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<H1><A NAME="answer">
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<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
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The Answer Guy
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<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
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</A></H1> <BR>
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<H4>By James T. Dennis,
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<a href="mailto:linux-questions-only@ssc.com">linux-questions-only@ssc.com</a><BR>
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Starshine Technical Services, <A HREF="http://www.starshine.org/">
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http://www.starshine.org/</A> </H4>
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</center>
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<p><hr><p>
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<H3>Contents:</H3>
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<ul>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_answer23.html#monitor">Running Multiple Instances of X</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_answer23.html#madness">VC Madness</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_answer23.html#ospf">Linux and OSPF</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_answer23.html#pop">Security Problems with pop3</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_answer23.html#crypt">Cryptographic System</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_answer23.html#ref">An Interesting De-Referencing Problem</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_answer23.html#remind">Reminder!</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_answer23.html#pcmcia">pcmcia ide Drives</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_answer23.html#kde">KDE BETA 1</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_answer23.html#program">Compression Program</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_answer23.html#loadlin2">loadlin</a>
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<li><a HREF="./lg_answer23.html#wipe">WipeOut</a>
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</ul>
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<p><hr><p>
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<!--================================================================-->
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<a name="monitor"></a>
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<h3><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
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Running Multiple Instances of X on One Video/Monitor (VCs)
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</h3>
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<P> <B>
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From: Guillermo S. Romero <a href="mailto:famrom@ran.es">famrom@ran.es</a><br>
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</B><P><B>
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Hello,<br>
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I have tried to run multiple X servers with only one card and one monitor.
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Is this possible, or is it normal that the second X server does not
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run?
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I used <tt>startx display :0</tt> the first time, and <tt>:1</tt> the second.
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I have a 1024K video board (#9GXE64 PCI, S3 864), and normal config is 8
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bpp, 1024*768 virtual desktop, running on a remix of RedHat 4.0, 4.1 and
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4.2, with XFree86 as server.
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Maybe I did not understand the man page (English is not my first languaje).
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Any suggestion?
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</B><P>
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<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
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The normal way this is done is using the form:
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<pre> startx -- :0 &
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startx -- :1 &</pre>
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<P> ... The -- is used by startx and xinit to separate an optional
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set of client parameters from the set of display/server
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options and parameters.
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<P> If you ran the command:
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<pre> startx xterm -e myprog -- :1 &</pre>
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<P> ... it would start X Windows with a copy of xterm which
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would be running 'myprog' (whatever that might be). The
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remainder of the line informs the X server to use display
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number one (which would be VC -- virtual console -- number
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eight on most Linux systems).
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<P> (On my systems it would start on VC#14 -- accessed with the
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{Right Alt}+{F2} key combination. I routinely configure
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mine with 24 VC's -- the first twelve of which have
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"getty's" (login prompts) and the next eleven of which are
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available for X (xdm's or otherwise), using 'open' commands,
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or for dumping status output from a process (like 'make' or
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'tail -f').
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<P> Read the man pages for startx and xinit one more time.
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I'm pretty sure that the man pages have all been translated
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into Spanish -- so you might want to hunt those down.
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<P><B><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
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Thanks!!!
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</B><P>
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<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
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Read the man pages for startx and xinit one more time.
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<P><B><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
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Sure, and with a dictonary. ;]
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</B><P>
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<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
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I'm pretty sure that the man pages have all been translated
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into Spanish -- so you might want to hunt those down.
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<P>Try:
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<P>man-pages-es-0.2-1.src.rpm:
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<a href="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/SRPMS/man-pages-es-0.2-1.src.rpm">ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/SRPMS/man-pages-es-0.2-1.src.rpm</a>
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<P><B><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
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The Spanish Howto is small, too global, sure it does not cover that.
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And I still have problems with my ntilde chars and acents, Spanish is not
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supported a lot (Linux or another OS, always late and bad)... The system
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explained in that howto does not work (but thats another question, whose
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solution maybe... magic? real support?).
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GSR
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</B><P>
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<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
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I'm afraid I'm completely ignorant of internationalization
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issues with Linux. I do know that there is quite a bit of
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work done on Linux boxes in Japan, Germany, Italy and,
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naturally enough, Finland (where Linus comes from).
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<P> As bad as it seems -- Linux' support for other languages is
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probably the best in the world. Unfortunately I don't have
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the skill or resources to point you to the support and
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resources you need.
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<P> Since your English is clearly adequate to discuss these issues
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with me -- you might consider contributing some of your time
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to a translation effort (get the LIGS, NAG, and SAG portions
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of the Linux Documentation project translated, and "beef up"
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(improve) the Spanish-HOWTO.
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<P> I highly recommend that you find or start a Linux user's group
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in your area. This is the best way to help yourself and to
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improve the situation for all of your compatriots.
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<P>
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--
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Jim
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<p><hr><p>
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<!--================================================================-->
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<a name="madness"></a>
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<h3><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
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VC Madness
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</h3>
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<P> <B>
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From: <a href="mailto:frees@technologist.com">frees@technologist.com</a><br>
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</B><P><B>
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Hi<br>
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I have an application that uses its own .cshrc and .bashrc to fire up
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and this is done by using its own login account.
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Now what I would really like is for this to say select VC8 to run on
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and then have my normal X on VC7 as usual.
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Can this be done? and if so how?
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<br>
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--Phil
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</B><P>
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<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
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<pre> open -c 8 -- su - $PSUEDOUSER</pre>
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<P> ... where PSUEDOUSER is the psuedo users whose .*shrc
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you want to run. Naturally you can convert the .*shrc
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into a normal shell script and do whatever you like with
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it. You have to run this as root -- (so 'su' doesn't prompt
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for a password) though there are ways to get around that
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'runas' is available at the sunsite.unc.edu archive site and
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its mirrors). If launch this from another UID you'll need to
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ensure that this users (the launching user, not necessarily the
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psuedo-user) has write access to /dev/tty8 (group +w should be
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sufficient).
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<P> If you want to have the console visually switch to this
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application's VC you can just add the -s switch like so:
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<pre> open -c 8 -s -- ....</pre>
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<P> ... where the "--" marks the end of 'open's' arguments
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so that the command that follows it can unambigously get
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its own arguments.
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<P> Without the -c switch the 'open' command will select the
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next available VC. Any subsequent 'startx' commands or
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other 'open' commands would then pick later ones (unless
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the others were freed back up).
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<P> You can have two or more copies of X running on different
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VC's as well. For example the command:
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<pre> startx -- :1</pre>
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<P> ... will create a second X session on the localhost:1
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display (the first one is addressed as localhost:0 or
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simply :0). These X sessions can be run under different
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UID's and have completely different client configurations
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(colors, window managers, etc). There is also an 'Xnest'
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command that works similarly -- allowing one X session to
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run "within" (as through a window on) one of your existing
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X sessions.
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<P> You can also set the terminal settings and colors using
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normal redirection of the form:
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<pre>stty erase ^? > /dev/tty8</pre>
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<P>... and:
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<pre>setterm -background blue -foreground yellow -bold on -store \
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> /dev/tty8</pre>
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<P> This last command would set and store a new set of default
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screen colors for the VC. The setterm command can also be
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used to control the Linux VC screen blanker's timeout
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(a value of 0 means "never blank").
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<P> Naturally you may want to read the man pages for all of these.
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<P> If you want to ensure that a given process will *always*
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be running (and will automatically be respawned when it
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dies) you can add it to your /etc/inittab -- so that the
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init process will watch over it. This is how new 'getty'
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processes are spawned on your first six (or so) VC's when
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you boot and are respawned when you logout. Likewise if
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you use 'xdm' to keep a graphical (X based) login prompt
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on one or more of your VC's.
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<P> As you can see, its possible to do quite a bit with Linux
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VC's. I run 12 VC's with getty (as login consoles), have
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one 'xdm', one devoted to syslog, and ten more available for
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other purposes (such as 'startx' and 'open' commands and to
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to use for 'tail -f' commands when need to monitor the
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end of a status or log file -- from a 'make' or whatever.
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<P> The second set of 12 VC's is accessed with the *right*
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{Alt} key. (In case you'd never noticed, the default
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keyboard settings of Linux only allow you to use the
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*left* {Alt} key for switching VC's). I set syslog to
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use VC number 24 with an entry in the /etc/syslog.conf
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file that reads:
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<pre> *.* /dev/tty24</pre>
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<P> This puts a copy of *every* syslog message on to that
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VC -- which is what I switch to for a quick glance and
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try to switch to when I leave any of my systems unattended.
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(That way when one does lock -- as rare as that is -- I have
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some idea of what the last throes of the system were).
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<P> I set that to bright red on black with the following command
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in my rc.local file:
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<pre>setterm -foreground red -bold on -store > /dev/tty24</pre>
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<P> (I also do the same to /dev/tty12 which I customarily use
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only for root login's).
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<P> Hope all of that helps.
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<P>
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--
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Jim
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<p><hr><p>
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<!--================================================================-->
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<a name="ospf"></a>
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<h3><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
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Linux and OSPF
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</h3>
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<P> <B>
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From: Jose Manuel Cordova-Villanueva <a
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href="mailto:jcordova@amoxcalli.leon.uia.mx">jcordova@amoxcalli.leon.uia.mx</a>
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</B> <P><B>
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Dear Sr.<br>
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Recenty I had my first contact with the Linux G. and is a big source of
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information, can you inform me if there are a program that can talk ospf
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because our ISP, is changing from RIP to OSPF and we have a linux box
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in one of our links, for our cisco no problem but for our Linux box??
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</B><P>
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<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
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The software you want is called 'gated' (for "gateway daemon").
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This is a Unix multi-protocol router package for Linux which
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includes support for OSPF and other routing protocols (BGP4,
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IGRP, etc).
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<P> Here's a link to the top level 'gated' pages
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<a href="http://www.gated.merit.edu/">Cornell Gated Consortium
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Information</a>
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<P> I've heard that compiling 'gated' for Linux is not
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quite trivial so here is some other links that might help:
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Here's a link to a source RPM in the Red Hat contrib
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directory:
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<a
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href="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/contrib/SRPMS/gated-R3_6Alpha_2-1.src.rpm">gated-R3_6Alpha_2-1.src.rpm</a>
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<P> Here's a threaded archive of the 'gated' users mailing list:
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<a
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href="http://nic.merit.edu/mail.archives/html/gated-people/threads.html">Gated-People
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Archive</a>
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Here's an odd note about an alternative routing software
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package/project:
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<a href="http://www.ra.net/route.server.html"> Route Servers -- RA.net:
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routing arbiter project</a>
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<P> Hope that helps.
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<P>
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--
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Jim
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<p><hr><p>
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<!--================================================================-->
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<a name="pop"></a>
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<h3><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
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Security Problems with pop3 of Linux 2.1.29
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</h3>
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<P> <B>
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From: Sam Hillman <a href="mailto:hillman@easyway.net">hillman@easyway.net</a><br>
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</B><P><B>
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Well I hope I'm posting to the right person. I have two questions, which
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I hope you can answer.
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1. How do I setup my linux machine as a POP3 server? I can't find any
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FAQs or Howtos.
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</B><P>
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<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
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Usually you don't have to do anything extra to allow access
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to POP services. Most Linux distributions include a pop server
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pre-installed and appearing in the /etc/inetd.conf and /etc/services
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files.
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<P> A quick test is to login to the system in question and type
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the command:
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<pre>telnet localhost pop-3</pre>
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... it should respond with something like:
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<pre>+OK your.hostname .... (some copyright info)</pre>
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... and you can type QUIT to get out of that.
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<p> If that doesn't work you'll want to make sure that the
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appropriate lines appear in your /etc/services and /etc/inetd.conf
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files like so:
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<pre>
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/etc/services:
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pop-3 110/tcp # PostOffice V.3
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pop 110/tcp # PostOffice V.3
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/etc/inetd.conf:
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pop-3 stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd ipop3d</pre>
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<P> If they appear commented out -- remove the leading hash
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sign(s) (or paste these samples in) and restart your
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inetd with a command like:
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<pre>kill -HUP `cat /var/run/inetd.pid`</pre>
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<P><B><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
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2. When I log on to my ISP, I download my mail and it gets dumped to the
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sendmail, this creates a situation where the mail is bounced back and
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forth until it passes the hop limit and is dumped as an error message in
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the postmaster box, and a nasty letter is send to the originator from
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MAILER-DEMON... I think this maybe because I'm running a local area
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network between my two machines, the IP address of the local net is
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162.blah.blah... But I also have the IP address the ISP gave me in the
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host file.
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If the ISP's IP address is the problem can I remove it from the host
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file, and just get a duynamic IP when I connect?
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Thanks in advance!
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</B><P>
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<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
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This is a bigger problem. First the 162.*.*.* is probably
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not what you want to use for you disconnected LAN. There is
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an RFC 1918 (originally RFC 1597) which describes and reserves
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a set of addresses for "non-Internet" use. These are guaranteed
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not to collide with any valid (routable) hosts on the 'net.
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Here's the list of those addresses:
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<pre> 192.168.*.* (255 class C address blocks)
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172.16.*.* through 172.31.*.* (15 class B address blocks)
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10.*.*.* (one class A address block)</pre>
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... use those however you like. Be sure to keep them behind your
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own routers (make any hosts with those go through an IP masquerading
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or NAT -- network address translation -- router, or through a
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SOCKS or other proxy server).
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<P> The next problem is configuring sendmail for use on a
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disconnected system. You probably need to define your
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hostname (or an alias to your hostname) to match what your
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ISP has named you. Each ISP seems to use a different way to
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manage these "disconnected sendmail subdomains" -- with no
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standardization in site (which is why I use UUCP).
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I gather that some people use a scheme where they only run
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sendmail when they are connected. The rest of the time
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their MUA (mail user agents like elm, pine, mh-e, exmh, etc)
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just drop outgoing mail into the mqueue directory where
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'sendmail' will get to it later.
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One problem I have with these configurations is that
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sendmail wants to look up these remote hosts. This
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seems to cause various problems for users of "disconnected"
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or "periodically connected" (dial-up) systems.
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So far the only solutions I've found are:
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recompile sendmail without DNS support (there used to
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be a sendmail.cf switch that disabled DNS and reverse DNS
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activity in sendmail -- but that doesn't seem to work any more)
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use UUCP. UUCP was designed for disconnected (dial-up)
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and polling systems. It's what I use. The disadvantage
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to UUCP is that it's a bit hard to set up the first time
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-- and you have to find a provider that's willing to
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be your MX/SMTP to UUCP gateway. There are still some
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people out there where will do this for free or at only
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a nominal fee. But they are increasingly hard to find.
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I use a2i Communications in San Jose. You could use
|
|
a non-local provider if you want to use UUCP over TCP
|
|
as the transport mechanism (UUCP is pretty flexible
|
|
about the underlying transports -- you could probably
|
|
use tin cans and string as far as its concerned).
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P> There are several HOWTO's that try to cover this topic.
|
|
Try browsing through some of these:
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI><a href="http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/ISP-Hookup-HOWTO.html">ISP Hookup HOWTO</a>: Basic introduction to hooking up to an ISP.
|
|
<LI><a href="http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Mail-HOWTO.html">Electronic Mail HOWTO</a>: Information on Linux-based mail servers and clients.
|
|
<LI><a href="http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Mail-Queue">Mail Queue mini-HOWTO</a>: How to queue remote mail and deliver local mail.
|
|
<LI><a href="http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Offline-Mailing">Offline Mailing mini-HOWTO</a>: How to set up email addresses without a dedicated Internet connection.
|
|
<LI><a href="http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/UUCP-HOWTO.html">UUCP HOWTO</a>: Information on UUCP software for Linux.
|
|
<LI><a
|
|
href="http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/mini/Sendmail+UUCP">Sendmail+UUCP
|
|
mini-HOWTO</a>: How to use sendmail and UUCP together.
|
|
</UL><P>
|
|
--
|
|
Jim
|
|
|
|
<P><B><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
|
|
|
|
Thanks so much for the detailed suggestions. We have installed a newer version of pop3 on our server for now and we will look into the feasibility of implementing some of your suggestions for a final cure.
|
|
Thanks again, James, we really appreciate it.
|
|
|
|
<br>-Sam Hillman, Service Manager, Easyway Communications.
|
|
</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><hr><p>
|
|
<!--================================================================-->
|
|
|
|
<a name="crypt"></a>
|
|
<h3><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
|
|
Cryptographic System
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<P> <B>
|
|
From:Emil Laurentiu <a href="mailto:emil@interlog.com">emil@interlog.com</a>
|
|
</B><P><B>
|
|
Hello Jim,
|
|
|
|
</B><P><B>Sorry for bothering you but I would apreciate a lot an answer
|
|
even a short one like 'no' :)
|
|
I am (desperately) searching a crypographic system for my Linux box.
|
|
I am already using TCFS but I'm not very happy with it for several
|
|
reasons: it is slow, I experienced some data loss, must use the
|
|
login password, cannot share encypted files with other users,
|
|
NFS - increses security riscs.
|
|
And the people in Italy seemed to have stoped work on this project
|
|
(latest version is dated february).
|
|
|
|
</B><P>
|
|
<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
|
|
|
|
February doesn't seem that old.
|
|
|
|
<P> Are you sure you're using the latest TCFS (v 2.0.1)?
|
|
You can find that at: <a
|
|
href="http://pegaso.globenet.it/~ermmau/tcfs/">http://pegaso.globenet.it</a>
|
|
(which is a web form leading to an HTTPS page -- so use
|
|
and SSL capable browser to get there).
|
|
|
|
<P> If you find it slow than any other decent encryption
|
|
is also likely to be too slow for you.
|
|
|
|
<P> You could look at <a
|
|
href="http://www.replay.com">http://www.replay.com</a> (in the Netherlands).
|
|
This has the best collection of cryptography software I've
|
|
seen anywhere.
|
|
|
|
<P> The two fs level alternatives to TCFS are CFS (Matt Blaze's
|
|
work, on which TCFS was based) and userfs (which support a
|
|
few different user-level filesystem types including an
|
|
experimental cryptographic one.
|
|
<P><B><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
|
|
|
|
I am wondering if you know anything about an encryption at the
|
|
file system level. Something like SecureDrive (from DOS :) which
|
|
did IDEA encryption on the fly at sector level for a partition and
|
|
was very fast.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</B><P>
|
|
<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
|
|
|
|
Are you sure SecureDrive is using IDEA? I rather doubt
|
|
that.
|
|
|
|
<P><B><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
|
|
|
|
As an (almost) single user on my linux machine something like this
|
|
would be more apropriate.
|
|
Of course if I would not find one I'll finish by writing it by myself.
|
|
My only concern is that I've been a Linux user only for half a year
|
|
and I did not get the chance to study the kernel to well (this will
|
|
be a good opportunity :)
|
|
|
|
|
|
</B><P>
|
|
<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
|
|
|
|
Why not pick up on the TCFS or CFS work? Why not
|
|
build on the userfs work (plugging in whatever encryption
|
|
you like)?
|
|
|
|
<P> Why write it "by yourself" when you can collaborate with
|
|
other members of the Linux community as they have done
|
|
to bring you Linux itself, and as the FSF and others have
|
|
done to bring you the GNU packages which turn Linux into a
|
|
full OS?
|
|
|
|
<P> What you asking for doesn't need any support at the kernel
|
|
level. userfs and CFS already have shown that. The Linux
|
|
kernel already support a robust and open filesystems interface
|
|
(which support more different filesystem types than any other
|
|
-- with read-only support for HPFS, NTFS, BSD and Sun UFS/FFS,
|
|
and support for HFS (Mac), ext2fs, xiafs, Minix, and many others.
|
|
|
|
<P> If you're a competant programmer (which I am not, BTW) you
|
|
should be able to trivially take the sources for any of the
|
|
existing filesystem modules and hack together your own
|
|
with the encryption support of your choice. How secure the
|
|
result will be will be a matter of your skills -- and should
|
|
be greatly improved by peer review (by publishing your work
|
|
for all to see).
|
|
|
|
<P> Naturally if you are in a free country you can share your
|
|
work on cryptography with the world. However the USA doesn't
|
|
appear to currently be free in this particular respect --
|
|
please find a congress critter to vote out of office if this
|
|
oppresses you.
|
|
<P>
|
|
--
|
|
Jim
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><hr><p>
|
|
<!--================================================================-->
|
|
|
|
<a name="ref"></a>
|
|
<h3><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
|
|
An Interesting De-Referencing Problem
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<P> <B>
|
|
From: Kevbo <a href="mailto:simitar@lvnworth.com">simitar@lvnworth.com</a><br>
|
|
|
|
</B><P><B>Here's the brain teaser I read about and promptly forgot the solution
|
|
(because I thought it would never happen to me). How does one delete
|
|
a FILE named ".."
|
|
I have the following at the root directory.
|
|
</B><ul>
|
|
<li>/. a dir (which is normal)
|
|
<li>/.. a dir (which is normal)
|
|
<li>/.. a file (which is not normal)
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<P><B>How this happened I don't know. How to remove this not-bothering-me file
|
|
has me stumped. Got an answer?
|
|
|
|
|
|
</B><P>
|
|
<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
|
|
|
|
I suspect that this file is actually named something
|
|
like: "/.. " (note the trailing space!).
|
|
|
|
<P> In any event you can remove this with a command like
|
|
|
|
<pre> find / -type f -maxdepth 1 -name '..*' -print0 | xargs -0 rm
|
|
-i</pre>
|
|
|
|
<P> Note: you must use the GNU versions of find, xargs, and rm
|
|
to ensure that these features (-print0, -0, and -i) are
|
|
available. (They may be available in other implmentations --
|
|
but you must check first).
|
|
|
|
<P> The find parameters here specify files (not directories,
|
|
symlinks, device nodes, sockets, or FIFO's) and force it
|
|
to only search the named directory (or directories if you
|
|
list more than just /). The -print0 force it to be written
|
|
as a null-terminated strings (thus the receive process on
|
|
the other end of the pipe must be able to properly interpret
|
|
null-terminated arguments -- which is what the -0 to xargs
|
|
accomplishes).
|
|
|
|
<P> As far as I know there is no way to legally get a NUL character
|
|
into a Unix filename. (Using a hex editor might get one in there
|
|
-- but fsck would probably complain on its next pass).
|
|
|
|
<P> The <tt>-i</tt> on rm is just a little extra protection to prevent
|
|
any other unexpected side effects. It forces rm to interactively
|
|
inquire about each argument before removing it.
|
|
<P>
|
|
--
|
|
Jim
|
|
|
|
<p><hr><p>
|
|
<!--================================================================-->
|
|
|
|
<a name="remind"></a>
|
|
<h3><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
|
|
Reminder!
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<P> <B>
|
|
From: George Read <a
|
|
href="mailto:gread-berkeley@worldnet.att.net">gread-berkeley@worldnet.att.net</a><br>
|
|
</B><P><B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
I am a subscriber to caldera-users, but as a rank newbie, 99% of what
|
|
gets posted is irrelevant to my situation and over my head. In fact,
|
|
I'm looking for some real basic, preliminary information:
|
|
|
|
</B><P>
|
|
<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
|
|
|
|
Perhaps you should consider some avenue of paid support.
|
|
there are a number of consultants and even a 900 support
|
|
line.
|
|
|
|
<P> Also, if you have access to IRC there are a few #Linux
|
|
"channels." (If you've never heard of IRC -- or Internet
|
|
Relay Chat -- then think of it as an online CB system --
|
|
similar to the "chatboards" and "chat lines" on various
|
|
BBS' and online services (like CompuServe and AOL)). Granted
|
|
IRC is a bear to figure out -- and 99.9% of what's written there
|
|
is even less relevant or comprehensible than the traffic on
|
|
this list. However the feedback is immediate and there are
|
|
some people who will take time out from their usual chat
|
|
aggenda to help.
|
|
|
|
<P> There's also that pesky "Answer Guy" from Linux Gazette ;)
|
|
(but he's too ornery and doesn't help with X Windows stuff
|
|
at all).
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P><B><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
|
|
1. A way to create a primary Linux partition on a drive that is entirely
|
|
occupied by a dos active and a dos extended partition. The extended
|
|
partition has 400MB available that does not have any data on it, but LISA
|
|
2.3 does not wish to give it a primary partition.
|
|
|
|
</B><P>
|
|
<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
|
|
|
|
You have three choices here. You can repartition the drive
|
|
using traditional methods (backup your data, reformat, re-install
|
|
DOS and all applications, restore data). You can repartition
|
|
using FIPS (a non-destructives partitioning program for DOS --
|
|
written by Linux or FreeBSD users from what I gather). If you
|
|
use FIPS the process goes something like: do a backup, verify
|
|
your backup, unfragment you DOS partitions, run CHKDSK and/or
|
|
Norton Disk Doctor and/or SCANDISK, then run FIPS.
|
|
|
|
<P> Another approach -- and the only one I know of that doesn't
|
|
involve repartitioning -- is to use MiniLinux or DOSLinux or
|
|
XDenu. These distributions (of which DOSLinux is the most
|
|
recent and must up-to-date) are designed to run on a UMSDOS
|
|
partition (an MSDOS partition mounted under Linux with
|
|
support for some Unix semantics). You would be running COL
|
|
-- but you would be running Linux.
|
|
|
|
<P> You can find information about DOSLinux at Kent Robotti's
|
|
home page:
|
|
|
|
<a
|
|
href="ftp://wauug.erols.com/pub/people/kent-robotti/doslinux/index.html">ftp://wauug.erols.com/pub/people/kent-robotti/doslinux/index.html</a>
|
|
|
|
(Kent is the creator and maintainer of DOSLinux).
|
|
<P><B><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
|
|
|
|
2. a workaround to a problem with RAWRITE3: I can't see my COL Base cdrom
|
|
on a Nakamichi MDR7 jukebox that is controlled by a BusLogic 946C, because
|
|
Autoprobe can't find anything and I can't get RAWRITE3 to write MODULES.IMG
|
|
to a floppy on A:.
|
|
|
|
</B><P>
|
|
<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
|
|
|
|
Have you tried supplying the "max_scsi_luns=7" parameter
|
|
to the kernel during the bootup sequence (at the LILO prompt).
|
|
|
|
<P> Normal SCSI controllers support up to 7 devices. It is
|
|
possible for these controllers to refer to "Logical Units"
|
|
on any/all of these devices. These "logical unit numbers"
|
|
or LUN's aren't very common -- but are used by CD changers
|
|
(which is why most of them are limited to 6 or 7 CD's) and
|
|
some tape changes (though those usually use a different
|
|
mechanism to control tape changes and ejections) and some
|
|
RAID subsystems and CD-ROM "towers."
|
|
|
|
<P> I have a NEC 7 platter CD changer which requires this parameter.
|
|
This suggestion assumes that the problem is isolated to the
|
|
CD drive -- and that your kernel (LISA's) is seeing the BusLogic
|
|
card. If the problem is that you can't even see the SCSI controller
|
|
-- then you probably want to look for an alternative boot/root
|
|
diskette set and boot from that.
|
|
|
|
<P> One of the nice things about user's groups is that you can
|
|
often have the phone numbers of some local Linux users that
|
|
will cut you a custom kernel on request and let you pick up
|
|
the floppy. I'd highly recommend finding (or starting)
|
|
a local LUG. I've occasionally had people come over to my
|
|
place where we could plug them onto my ethernet and suck
|
|
all the free software they want across from one of my systems.
|
|
|
|
<P> (Which reminds me -- I've been meaning to get PLIP working
|
|
for a couple of years now -- I should really get around to
|
|
that).
|
|
<P<B><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
|
|
|
|
For these reasons, I ask: Is there any way to ask caldera-user users for
|
|
some help on these two questions, sent to my own email address, and not have
|
|
to read 20 or 30 messages that I can't profit from, at least until I get COL
|
|
up and running. I had hoped from the name that Post-Only might be such an
|
|
address, but I see that it is something very different.
|
|
|
|
</B><P>
|
|
<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
|
|
|
|
Caldera has some support options. I think some of them are
|
|
extra cost items. Have you called them about your Caldera
|
|
specific questions?
|
|
|
|
<P> At first blush it doesn't look like Caldera's COL is the
|
|
best Linux distribution for your needs. If you're intent
|
|
on using COL -- and particularly if you have a business
|
|
need for Linux -- I'd recommend going out and buying an
|
|
additional drive. For a couple hundred bucks (US) you can
|
|
get a 2Gig external SCSI drive (www.corpsys.com if you don't
|
|
have a suitable vendor handy).
|
|
|
|
<P> Even if you're just experimenting with Linux and don't want
|
|
to "commit" to it -- an extra external SCSI drive with
|
|
a couple of Gig of space is a handy investment for just about
|
|
ANY operating system. It's pretty convenient to connect
|
|
the extra drive, and just make a copy of everything from your
|
|
main system.
|
|
|
|
<P> If your time is worth more than $20/hr you can easily make
|
|
the case for buying a $200 to $300 hard drive. Doing full
|
|
system and data backups, and verifying them prior to
|
|
repartitioning can be pretty time consuming. Even if you
|
|
already have a scheduled backup habit (let's face it --
|
|
most don't) and even if you have a regular recovery test
|
|
plan (which almost nobody bothers with -- often to their
|
|
detriment!) -- doing a major system change (like repartitioning)
|
|
almost requires an extra "full" backup and test cycle.
|
|
|
|
<P> (I have customers who've run the cost vs. time numbers
|
|
for their situations and justified buying a full system and
|
|
hired me to do the configuration on the same basis. The
|
|
"extra" system becomes part of the recovery plan for major
|
|
system disasters).
|
|
<P>
|
|
--
|
|
Jim
|
|
|
|
<p><hr><p>
|
|
<!--================================================================-->
|
|
|
|
<a name="pcmcia"></a>
|
|
<h3><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
|
|
pcmcia ide Drives
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<P> <B>
|
|
From: Alan C. Sklar <a href="mailto:CS266446@wcupa.edu">CS266446@wcupa.edu</a><br>
|
|
</B><P><B>
|
|
I am trying to install a pcmcia drive through a kit I purchased.. I got
|
|
the drive all ready I formatted it with a desktop machine and bot my win
|
|
95 and linux partitions are defiend... But now when I go and boot linux
|
|
I send the commad ide2=0x170 and it loads it identifies the right drive
|
|
but I get all sort of errors... Can you help? <br>
|
|
C. Alan Sklar
|
|
|
|
</B><P>
|
|
<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
|
|
|
|
I don't have enough information to help with this one.
|
|
Is this a laptop or a desktop with a PCMCIA adapter
|
|
installed? In either event what is the make/model
|
|
of the system?
|
|
|
|
<P> Do you have PCMCIA support installed and built into the
|
|
kernel? What modules do you have loaded? What does your
|
|
/etc/pcmcia/config.opts file look like? What type of
|
|
hard drive is this (make and model)?
|
|
<P>
|
|
--
|
|
Jim
|
|
|
|
<p><hr><p>
|
|
<!--================================================================-->
|
|
|
|
<a name="kde"></a>
|
|
<h3><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
|
|
KDE BETA 1
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<P> <B>
|
|
From: Eric Wood <a
|
|
href="mailto:eric@interplas.com>eric@interplas.com">eric@interplas.com</a><br>
|
|
</B><P><B>
|
|
This should be the most handy tip known to man!
|
|
If a certain application (I don't care what it is) complains about
|
|
missing a library and you know that
|
|
the library it's wanting is in a certain directory THEN:
|
|
</B>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>Add *that* directory to the /etc/ld.so.conf file.
|
|
<li>Rerun /sbin/ldconfig
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
<P><B>That's it. What is does is it tells Linux to search the directories
|
|
specified in /etc/ld.so.conf
|
|
for library files. Forget about the stupid LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable.
|
|
Everyone: Please read the
|
|
ld.so man page for further knowledge.
|
|
<br>
|
|
Eric Wood
|
|
|
|
</B><P>
|
|
<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
|
|
|
|
I recently trashed my /etc/ld.so.cache file and
|
|
had forgotten how to fix it (since the last time
|
|
I'd had a damaged ld.so.cache was on an old Sun
|
|
a couple of years ago -- and I've never had one on
|
|
a Linux box before.
|
|
|
|
<P> Post that to your tech support archives:
|
|
|
|
<P> System hangs on boot -- even with -b and
|
|
single switches -- or it gives messages
|
|
like "unable to open ls.so.cache" in a
|
|
seemingly endless stream:
|
|
|
|
<pre> Run /sbin/ldconfig!</pre>
|
|
<P>
|
|
--
|
|
Jim
|
|
|
|
<p><hr><p>
|
|
<!--================================================================-->
|
|
|
|
<a name="program"></a>
|
|
<h3><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
|
|
Compression Program
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<P> <B>
|
|
From: Cygnus <a
|
|
href="mailto:caldera-users@rim.caldera.com">caldera-users@rim.caldera.com</a><br>
|
|
</B><P><B>
|
|
|
|
Anyone know of any programs for linux that decompress multi-part
|
|
(multi-disk) .zip archives? I can't find a one.
|
|
|
|
<br>-Cygnus
|
|
|
|
</B><P>
|
|
<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
|
|
|
|
Most Linux distributions come with the free zip/unzip
|
|
package. Here's the -L (license) notice from my Red Hat
|
|
4.2
|
|
|
|
<P>"Copyright (C) 1990-1996 Mark Adler, Richard B. Wales, Jean-loup Gailly
|
|
Onno van der Linden and Kai Uwe Rommel. Type 'zip -L' for the software License.
|
|
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<P>Permission is granted to any individual or institution to use, copy, or
|
|
redistribute this executable so long as it is not modified and that it is
|
|
not sold for profit."
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|
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|
<P> I think there's a source package for "Info-zip" also floating
|
|
around. I don't know if this is Info-zip or an independent
|
|
version -- looking in /usr/doc/unzip*/COPYING I find Mr. Rommel
|
|
listed -- and that document is definitely about Info-zip.
|
|
|
|
<P> For the future you might try the 'locate' command -- which is
|
|
fairly common among Linux distributions. The command:
|
|
|
|
<pre> locate zip</pre>
|
|
|
|
<P> ... will quickly find every file with "zip" in the name or path
|
|
that was on your system during the last "updatedb" run
|
|
(which is typically a cron job that's run nightly).
|
|
<P>
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|
--
|
|
Jim
|
|
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|
<p><hr><p>
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|
<!--================================================================-->
|
|
|
|
<a name="loadlin2"></a>
|
|
<h3><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
|
|
loadlin
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<P> <B>
|
|
From: Scott Williams<a href="mailto:scott@gyst.net">scott@gyst.net</a><br>
|
|
</B><P><B>
|
|
Answer guy,
|
|
|
|
To run LOADLIN I need to have a copy of the LINUX kernel on one of my
|
|
dos partitions, and an initial swap space. No where can I find an
|
|
actual explaination on how to do this correctly.
|
|
|
|
</B><P>
|
|
<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
|
|
|
|
You don't need an initial swap space to run LOADLIN or
|
|
to load the kernel. If you have 8Mb or more of RAM you
|
|
don't "need" to have a swap space at all -- but you'll
|
|
probably want one.
|
|
|
|
You can swap to a file or a partition -- or even several
|
|
of each. Assuming that you don't have Linux installed
|
|
yet you can view man pages for most Linux/GNU commands,
|
|
functions, packages, and configuration files at:
|
|
<a href="http://www.ssc.com/linux/man.html">http://www.ssc.com/linux/man.html</a>
|
|
|
|
<P> ... in particular you want to read the mkswap(1) and the
|
|
swapon(8). The man pages there are accessed via a
|
|
CGI script so you have to post data to a form to access
|
|
the individual pages. Thus I can't give URL's directly
|
|
to the pages in question. That's an unfortunate design
|
|
decision by the web master at SSC -- it would be more
|
|
convenient to access (and cause less server load and
|
|
latency) if they used a cron job to periodically update
|
|
a tree of static HTML pages and saved the CGI just for
|
|
searching them.
|
|
|
|
<P><B><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
|
|
|
|
Every time I try to copy the kernel to a dos diskette, Linux overwrites
|
|
the formatting. DOS then cannot recognize the file from the LOADLIN
|
|
command.
|
|
|
|
</B><P>
|
|
<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
|
|
|
|
It sounds like you're using 'dd' or RAWRITE.EXE to prepare
|
|
these diskettes. That's fine for transferring boot/root images
|
|
-- but has nothing to do with LOADLIN. To use LOADLIN.EXE
|
|
you copy the kernel image to a plain old DOS file.
|
|
<P><B><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
|
|
|
|
I haven't even gotten far enough to think about creating an initial swap
|
|
space...
|
|
Any advice on the subject?
|
|
|
|
<br>Scott
|
|
|
|
</B><P>
|
|
<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
|
|
|
|
I'd consider getting a copy of DOSLinux from
|
|
ftp://ftp.waaug.erols.com/pub/people/kent-robotti/doslinux.html
|
|
(Yes there are still some people out there serving HTML
|
|
pages via FTP -- nothing in the HTML spec *requires* that
|
|
HTTP be used as the transport mechanism).
|
|
|
|
<P> Kent Robotti has been working on this distribution for
|
|
awhile. It takes about 32Mb of space on a DOS partition
|
|
-- and comes as a set of six 1.44Mb files (so if fits on a
|
|
half dozen diskettes). You then add a kernel for SCSI or
|
|
IDE use.
|
|
|
|
<P> Basically DOSLinux works like this. You get all the
|
|
RAR files (RAR is a Russian Archiving Program like
|
|
PKZIP, SEA ARC, ARJ, LHARC, ZOO, or whatever). The first
|
|
image is a self-extracting file (an archive which is linked
|
|
with a DOS binary of the decompression program -- a common
|
|
DOS technique among archiving programs). You put these
|
|
all in a given directory and run the self-extractor
|
|
(DOSLNX49.EXE as I write this -- it was at "48" a couple
|
|
weeks ago) from C:\. It thenn extracts all of these images
|
|
to C:\LINUX directory.
|
|
|
|
<P> This provides a complete (though minimal) Linux distribution.
|
|
It also shows how to configure a system to use LOADLIN with
|
|
a UMSDOS root partition.
|
|
|
|
<P> I realize that you may be intending on use something like
|
|
Red Hat, Slackware, or Debian on a third hard drive, or a
|
|
removable drive or some other device that LILO just can't
|
|
see (because you BIOS can't "see" it). You can do that --
|
|
and I've done in many times (I first used LOADLIN in about
|
|
1994 for exactly that purpose -- with the magneto optical
|
|
drive I still use). However, if the README's and examples
|
|
that come out of the LOADLIN package aren't helping you
|
|
use if for that purpose -- than installing DOSLinux may
|
|
help get you rolling and serve as a vang DOSLinux may
|
|
help get you rolling and serve as a valuable example.
|
|
|
|
--
|
|
Jim
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><hr><p>
|
|
<!--================================================================-->
|
|
|
|
<a name="wipe"></a>
|
|
<h3><img align=bottom alt=" " src="../gx/ques.gif">
|
|
WipeOut
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<P> <B>
|
|
From: Falko Braeutigam <a
|
|
href="mailto:falko@softwarebuero.de">falko@softwarebuero.de</a>
|
|
</B><P><B>
|
|
|
|
Hi,
|
|
|
|
in Linux Gazette Issue 22 there was a question about the WipeOut IDE.
|
|
Your answer was that you never heard about WipeOut :-( Please check
|
|
ShortBytes of Issue #19 - there is an announcement of WipeOut.
|
|
|
|
WipeOut has nothing to do with xwpe. It _is_ an IDE for C++ and Java.
|
|
There is just a new release ->
|
|
<a
|
|
href="http://www.softwarebuero.de/index-eng.html">http://www.softwarebuero.de/index-eng.html</a>.
|
|
|
|
<br>Regards,<br>
|
|
Falko
|
|
|
|
</B><P>
|
|
<img src="../gx/ans.gif" alt="" border=0 align=middle>
|
|
|
|
This definitely counts as my biggest flub in the
|
|
10 months that I've been writing this column. I've
|
|
gotten about 10 messages correcting me on this point.
|
|
<P>
|
|
--
|
|
Jim
|
|
|
|
<!--================================================================-->
|
|
<P> <hr> <P>
|
|
<center><H4>Previous "Answer Guy" Columns</H4></center>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue13/answer.html">Answer Guy #1, January 1997</A><BR>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue14/answer.html">Answer Guy #2, February 1997</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue15/answer.html">Answer Guy #3, March 1997</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue16/answer.html">Answer Guy #4, April 1997</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue17/answer.html">Answer Guy #5, May 1997</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue18/lg_answer18.html">Answer Guy #6, June 1997</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue19/lg_answer19.html">Answer Guy #7, July 1997</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue20/lg_answer20.html">Answer Guy #8, August 1997</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue21/lg_answer21.html">Answer Guy #9, September 1997</A><br>
|
|
<A HREF="../issue22/lg_answer22.html">Answer Guy #10, October 1997</A>
|
|
<P><HR><P>
|
|
<center><H5>Copyright © 1997, James T. Dennis <BR>
|
|
Published in Issue 23 of the Linux Gazette December 1997</H5></center>
|
|
|
|
<P> <hr> <P>
|
|
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|
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