462 lines
5.9 KiB
HTML
462 lines
5.9 KiB
HTML
<HTML
|
|
><HEAD
|
|
><TITLE
|
|
>Controlling services</TITLE
|
|
><META
|
|
NAME="GENERATOR"
|
|
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK
|
|
REL="HOME"
|
|
TITLE="GNU/Linux Command-Line Tools Summary"
|
|
HREF="book1.htm"><LINK
|
|
REL="UP"
|
|
TITLE="Controlling the system"
|
|
HREF="c4975.htm"><LINK
|
|
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
|
TITLE="Controlling Processes"
|
|
HREF="x5368.htm"><LINK
|
|
REL="NEXT"
|
|
TITLE="Managing users"
|
|
HREF="c6239.htm"></HEAD
|
|
><BODY
|
|
CLASS="SECT1"
|
|
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
|
TEXT="#000000"
|
|
LINK="#0000FF"
|
|
VLINK="#840084"
|
|
ALINK="#0000FF"
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
|
><TABLE
|
|
SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
BORDER="0"
|
|
CELLPADDING="0"
|
|
CELLSPACING="0"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TH
|
|
COLSPAN="3"
|
|
ALIGN="center"
|
|
>GNU/Linux Command-Line Tools Summary</TH
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="10%"
|
|
ALIGN="left"
|
|
VALIGN="bottom"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="x5368.htm"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|
>Prev</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="80%"
|
|
ALIGN="center"
|
|
VALIGN="bottom"
|
|
>Chapter 9. Controlling the system</TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="10%"
|
|
ALIGN="right"
|
|
VALIGN="bottom"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="c6239.htm"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|
>Next</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
><HR
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="SECT1"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="SECT1"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="CONTROLLING-SERVICES"
|
|
></A
|
|
>Controlling services</H1
|
|
><P
|
|
></P
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
|
|
><DL
|
|
><DT
|
|
>Concept Definitions<A
|
|
NAME="SERVICES-CONCEPT"
|
|
></A
|
|
></DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
> </P
|
|
><P
|
|
>UNIX <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6075"
|
|
></A
|
|
>systems use scripts <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6077"
|
|
></A
|
|
>to control <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6079"
|
|
></A
|
|
>“daemons” which provide <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6081"
|
|
></A
|
|
>“services” (for example your sound <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6083"
|
|
></A
|
|
>output) to run a <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
|
|
>UNIX</SPAN
|
|
> system. <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
|
|
>UNIX</SPAN
|
|
> systems consist of a variety <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6087"
|
|
></A
|
|
>of services <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6089"
|
|
></A
|
|
>(daemons).</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>A “daemon” is a system process which runs in the background <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6092"
|
|
></A
|
|
>(zero interaction) performing<A
|
|
NAME="AEN6094"
|
|
></A
|
|
> a particular task.<A
|
|
NAME="AEN6096"
|
|
></A
|
|
></P
|
|
><P
|
|
>Daemons <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6099"
|
|
></A
|
|
>normally have a “d” on the end of their name and either listen <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6101"
|
|
></A
|
|
>for certain events <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6103"
|
|
></A
|
|
>or perform<A
|
|
NAME="AEN6105"
|
|
></A
|
|
> a system task,<A
|
|
NAME="AEN6107"
|
|
></A
|
|
> for example <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="emphasis"
|
|
><I
|
|
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|
>sshd</I
|
|
></SPAN
|
|
> listens <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6110"
|
|
></A
|
|
>for secure shell requests to the particular <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6112"
|
|
></A
|
|
>machine <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6114"
|
|
></A
|
|
>and handles<A
|
|
NAME="AEN6116"
|
|
></A
|
|
> them when they occur.</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>Daemons usually perform critical <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6119"
|
|
></A
|
|
>system tasks <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6121"
|
|
></A
|
|
>such as control <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6123"
|
|
></A
|
|
>swap-space, memory <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6125"
|
|
></A
|
|
>management <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6127"
|
|
></A
|
|
>and various other tasks.<A
|
|
NAME="AEN6129"
|
|
></A
|
|
></P
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
>service</DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="AEN6135"
|
|
></A
|
|
><SPAN
|
|
CLASS="emphasis"
|
|
><I
|
|
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|
>service</I
|
|
></SPAN
|
|
> is a shell script available <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6138"
|
|
></A
|
|
>on Mandrake/Mandriva<A
|
|
NAME="AEN6140"
|
|
></A
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="AEN6142"
|
|
></A
|
|
> and Redhat <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6144"
|
|
></A
|
|
>systems which allows <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6146"
|
|
></A
|
|
>you to perform various tasks <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6148"
|
|
></A
|
|
>on services.<A
|
|
NAME="AEN6150"
|
|
></A
|
|
> </P
|
|
><P
|
|
></P
|
|
><UL
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
>Use the <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="emphasis"
|
|
><I
|
|
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|
>-s<A
|
|
NAME="AEN6156"
|
|
></A
|
|
></I
|
|
></SPAN
|
|
> option to print <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6158"
|
|
></A
|
|
>the status <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6160"
|
|
></A
|
|
>of all services <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6162"
|
|
></A
|
|
>available <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6164"
|
|
></A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
>Use the <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="emphasis"
|
|
><I
|
|
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|
>-f<A
|
|
NAME="AEN6169"
|
|
></A
|
|
></I
|
|
></SPAN
|
|
> option followed <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6171"
|
|
></A
|
|
>by a service <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6173"
|
|
></A
|
|
>name to restart <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6175"
|
|
></A
|
|
>that particular service. </P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
>Use the <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="emphasis"
|
|
><I
|
|
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|
>-R<A
|
|
NAME="AEN6180"
|
|
></A
|
|
></I
|
|
></SPAN
|
|
> option to restart <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6182"
|
|
></A
|
|
>all services <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6184"
|
|
></A
|
|
>(note that this will kill <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6186"
|
|
></A
|
|
>any current services running,<A
|
|
NAME="AEN6188"
|
|
></A
|
|
> including the X windows system).</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
></UL
|
|
><P
|
|
>For example to restart <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6191"
|
|
></A
|
|
>the daemon <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6193"
|
|
></A
|
|
><SPAN
|
|
CLASS="emphasis"
|
|
><I
|
|
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|
> sshd <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6196"
|
|
></A
|
|
></I
|
|
></SPAN
|
|
>you would type:</P
|
|
><PRE
|
|
CLASS="SCREEN"
|
|
>service -f sshd</PRE
|
|
></DD
|
|
><DT
|
|
>Using the script directly</DT
|
|
><DD
|
|
><P
|
|
>You may also execute the shell script directly from <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="emphasis"
|
|
><I
|
|
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|
>/etc/init.d</I
|
|
></SPAN
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="AEN6204"
|
|
></A
|
|
>. Simply go to that directory <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6206"
|
|
></A
|
|
>then type <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="emphasis"
|
|
><I
|
|
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
|
>./script_name</I
|
|
></SPAN
|
|
>.</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>Executing the script <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6210"
|
|
></A
|
|
>should return <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6212"
|
|
></A
|
|
>the options it can take, by default <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6214"
|
|
></A
|
|
>they will be:</P
|
|
><P
|
|
></P
|
|
><UL
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
>restart <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6219"
|
|
></A
|
|
>--- this will make the service <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6221"
|
|
></A
|
|
>stop <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6223"
|
|
></A
|
|
>and then start again.</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
>start --- this option <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6227"
|
|
></A
|
|
>will start a service (assuming its not running).</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
>stop --- this option will stop a service (assuming its running).</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
>status <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6233"
|
|
></A
|
|
>--- this option will tell <A
|
|
NAME="AEN6235"
|
|
></A
|
|
>you about the service<A
|
|
NAME="AEN6237"
|
|
></A
|
|
></P
|
|
></LI
|
|
></UL
|
|
></DD
|
|
></DL
|
|
></DIV
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
|
><HR
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
|
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
BORDER="0"
|
|
CELLPADDING="0"
|
|
CELLSPACING="0"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="left"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="x5368.htm"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|
>Prev</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="34%"
|
|
ALIGN="center"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="book1.htm"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="H"
|
|
>Home</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="right"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="c6239.htm"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|
>Next</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="left"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
>Controlling Processes</TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="34%"
|
|
ALIGN="center"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="c4975.htm"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
|
>Up</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="right"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
>Managing users</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
></DIV
|
|
></BODY
|
|
></HTML
|
|
> |