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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML
><HEAD
><TITLE
>Shutting Down/Rebooting the System</TITLE
><META
NAME="GENERATOR"
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK
REL="HOME"
TITLE="GNU/Linux Command-Line Tools Summary"
HREF="index.html"><LINK
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TITLE="Controlling the system"
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><BODY
CLASS="SECT1"
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TEXT="#000000"
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><DIV
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><TABLE
SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
><TH
COLSPAN="3"
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>GNU/Linux Command-Line Tools Summary</TH
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="10%"
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><A
HREF="mounting-and-unmounting.html"
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>Prev</A
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="80%"
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VALIGN="bottom"
>Chapter 9. Controlling the system</TD
><TD
WIDTH="10%"
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VALIGN="bottom"
><A
HREF="controlling-processes.html"
ACCESSKEY="N"
>Next</A
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><HR
ALIGN="LEFT"
WIDTH="100%"></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="SHUTTING-DOWN"
></A
>9.2. Shutting Down/Rebooting the System</H1
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>shutdown now</DT
><DD
><P
>Shutdown the computer immediately (don't power down). Note that in <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>UNIX</SPAN
> systems this kind of shutdown means to go to &#8220; single-user mode&#8221;. Single-user mode is a mode where only the administrator (root) has access to the computer, this mode is designed for maintenance and is often used for repairs.</P
><P
>For example this would take you to single user mode </P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>shutdown now</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DD
><DT
>shutdown -h now</DT
><DD
><P
>Shutdown <EM
>(-h = halt) </EM
>the computer immediately. It begins the shutdown procedure, press
<B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>CTRL</B
>-<B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>C</B
>
(break-key) to stop it. After the end of the command you can also leave a message in quotation marks which will be broad-casted to all users, for example:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>shutdown -h now "Warning system malfunction, self-destruct imminent"</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>This would halt the system and send the message to anyone who is currently logged in.</P
><DIV
CLASS="TIP"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="TIP"
WIDTH="90%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TH
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>Shutting down at a particular time</B
></TH
></TR
><TR
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>You can also put a time that the system should shutdown instead of &#8220;now&#8221;. Typing &#8220;+x minutes&#8221; (any number of minutes is appropriate) or you can even set an exact time. For example to shutdown at 11:50 type:
<TABLE
BORDER="1"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>shutdown -h 11:50</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="NOTE"
WIDTH="90%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TH
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>Shutdown -h vs poweroff</B
></TH
></TR
><TR
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>On some systems, <EM
>shutdown -h </EM
>and <EM
>halt </EM
>do not actually turn the system's power off. On systems that do not power off with these commands use the <EM
>poweroff</EM
> command</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
>halt</DT
><DD
><P
>The same as <EM
>shutdown -h now</EM
> doesn't take any options, this command simply shuts down immediately.</P
></DD
><DT
>shutdown -r now</DT
><DD
><P
>Shutdown (<EM
> -r = reboot</EM
>) the computer immediately. It begins the reboot procedure, press
<B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>CTRL</B
>-<B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>C</B
>
(break-key) to stop it. After the end of the command you can also leave a message in quotation marks which will be broad-casted to all users, for example: </P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>shutdown -r now "Warning system rebooting, all files will be destroyed"</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>This would reboot the system and send the message to anyone who was logged in.</P
><DIV
CLASS="TIP"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="TIP"
WIDTH="90%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TH
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>Rebooting at a particular time</B
></TH
></TR
><TR
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>You can also put a time that the system should reboot instead of &#8220;now&#8221;. Typing &#8220;+x minutes&#8221; (any number of minutes is appropriate) or you can even set an exact time. For example to reboot at 11:50 type:
<TABLE
BORDER="1"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>shutdown -r 11:50</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
>reboot</DT
><DD
><P
>The same as <EM
>shutdown -r now</EM
>, doesn't take any options, simply reboots the computer immediately. </P
></DD
><DT
><B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>CTRL</B
>-<B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>ALT</B
>-<B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>DEL</B
>&#13;</DT
><DD
><P
> (key-combination) May be used from a terminal to reboot or shutdown, it depends on your system configuration. Note that this doesn't work from an xterminal.
<B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>CTRL</B
>-<B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>ALT</B
>-<B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>DEL</B
>
begins the reboot/shutdown immediately, the user does not have to be logged in.</P
><DIV
CLASS="TIP"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="TIP"
WIDTH="90%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TH
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>You can change the behaviour of
<B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>CTRL</B
>-<B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>ALT</B
>-<B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>DEL</B
>
from rebooting</B
></TH
></TR
><TR
><TD
>&nbsp;</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>To disable
<B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>CTRL</B
>-<B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>ALT</B
>-<B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>DEL</B
>
from rebooting your computer (or to have it do something different), you can edit the /etc/inittab file (as root). </P
><P
>Here is how it looks on a Mandrake/Mandriva <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>Linux</SPAN
> system:
<TABLE
BORDER="1"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
># Trap
<B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>CTRL</B
>-<B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>ALT</B
>-<B
CLASS="KEYCAP"
>DEL</B
>
ca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t3 -r now </PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>Note that the # means a comment (and is not used). If you simply put a # (hash) before the command it would disable it (it would become a comment). </P
><P
>You could also change the command it runs for example if you changed the <EM
>-r</EM
> to a <EM
>-h </EM
>the computer would turn off instead of rebooting, or you could have it do anything you want. It's up to your creativity to make it do something interesting.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DD
></DL
></DIV
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>Prev</A
></TD
><TD
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><A
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>Home</A
></TD
><TD
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><A
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>Next</A
></TD
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><TR
><TD
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>Mounting and Unmounting (Floppy/CDROM/Hard-drive Partitions)</TD
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