1875 lines
20 KiB
HTML
1875 lines
20 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML
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><HEAD
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><TITLE
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>Differing features</TITLE
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><META
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NAME="GENERATOR"
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CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK
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REL="HOME"
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TITLE="Bash Guide for Beginners"
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HREF="index.html"><LINK
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REL="UP"
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TITLE="Shell Features"
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HREF="app3.html"><LINK
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REL="PREVIOUS"
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TITLE="Common features"
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HREF="x7243.html"><LINK
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REL="NEXT"
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TITLE="Glossary"
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HREF="gloss.html"></HEAD
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><BODY
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CLASS="sect1"
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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TEXT="#000000"
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LINK="#0000FF"
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VLINK="#840084"
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ALINK="#0000FF"
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><DIV
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CLASS="NAVHEADER"
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><TABLE
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SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
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WIDTH="100%"
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BORDER="0"
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CELLPADDING="0"
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CELLSPACING="0"
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><TR
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><TH
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COLSPAN="3"
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ALIGN="center"
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>Bash Guide for Beginners</TH
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="x7243.html"
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ACCESSKEY="P"
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>Prev</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="80%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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>Appendix A. Shell Features</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="gloss.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect1"
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><H1
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CLASS="sect1"
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><A
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NAME="AEN7369"
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></A
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>A.2. Differing features</H1
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><P
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>The table below shows major differences between the standard shell (<B
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CLASS="command"
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>sh</B
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>), Bourne Again SHell (<B
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CLASS="command"
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>bash</B
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>), Korn shell (<B
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CLASS="command"
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>ksh</B
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>) and the C shell (<B
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CLASS="command"
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>csh</B
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>).</P
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><DIV
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CLASS="note"
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><P
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></P
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><TABLE
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CLASS="note"
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WIDTH="100%"
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BORDER="0"
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="25"
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ALIGN="CENTER"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><IMG
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SRC="../images/note.gif"
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HSPACE="5"
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ALT="Note"></TD
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><TH
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="CENTER"
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><B
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>Shell compatibility</B
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></TH
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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> </TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><P
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>Since the Bourne Again SHell is a superset of <B
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CLASS="command"
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>sh</B
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>, all <B
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CLASS="command"
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>sh</B
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> commands will also work in <B
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CLASS="command"
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>bash</B
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> - but not vice versa. <B
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CLASS="command"
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>bash</B
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> has many more features of its own, and, as the table below demonstrates, many features incorporated from other shells.</P
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><P
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>Since the Turbo C shell is a superset of <B
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CLASS="command"
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>csh</B
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>, all <B
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CLASS="command"
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>csh</B
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> commands will work in <B
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CLASS="command"
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>tcsh</B
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>, but not the other way round.</P
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="table"
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><A
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NAME="AEN7387"
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></A
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><P
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><B
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>Table A-2. Differing Shell Features</B
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></P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="1"
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CLASS="CALSTABLE"
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><THEAD
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><TR
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><TH
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>sh</B
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></TH
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><TH
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>bash</B
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></TH
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><TH
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>ksh</B
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></TH
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><TH
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>csh</B
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></TH
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><TH
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Meaning/Action</TH
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></TR
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></THEAD
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><TBODY
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>$</TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>$</TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>$</TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>%</TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Default user prompt</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> </TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>>|</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>>|</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>>!</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Force redirection</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>> <TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>file</TT
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> 2>&1</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>&> <TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>file</TT
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></B
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> or <B
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CLASS="command"
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>> <TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>file</TT
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> 2>&1</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
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>> <TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>file</TT
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> 2>&1</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
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><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
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>>& <TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>file</TT
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></B
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></TD
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><TD
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|
ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Redirect stdout and stderr to <TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>file</TT
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></TD
|
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> </TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
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><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
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>{ }</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
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> </TD
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><TD
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|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
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|
>{ }</B
|
|
></TD
|
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><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Expand elements in list</TD
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></TR
|
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><TR
|
|
><TD
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|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
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><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
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>`command`</B
|
|
></TD
|
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><TD
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|
ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
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><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>`command`</B
|
|
> or <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>$(command)</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>$(command)</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>`command`</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Substitute output of enclosed <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>command</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$HOME</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$HOME</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$HOME</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$home</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Home directory</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
> </TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>~</TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>~</TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>~</TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Home directory symbol</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
> </TD
|
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><TD
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|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>~+</TT
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>, <TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>~-</TT
|
|
>, <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>dirs</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>~+</TT
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>, <TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>~-</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>=-</TT
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>, <TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>=N</TT
|
|
></TD
|
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><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Access directory stack</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
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|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>var</TT
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|
>=value</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
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|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
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><B
|
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CLASS="command"
|
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><TT
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CLASS="varname"
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>VAR</TT
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>=value</B
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|
></TD
|
|
><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
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><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
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>var</TT
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>=value</B
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></TD
|
|
><TD
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|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
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|
>set <TT
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|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>var</TT
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>=value</B
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></TD
|
|
><TD
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|
ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Variable assignment</TD
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></TR
|
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><TR
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><TD
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|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
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|
>export <TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>var</TT
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|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
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><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
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|
>export <TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>VAR</TT
|
|
>=value</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>export <TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>var</TT
|
|
>=val</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>setenv <TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>var</TT
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|
> <TT
|
|
CLASS="parameter"
|
|
><I
|
|
>val</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Set environment variable</TD
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|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
> </TD
|
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><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>${nnnn}</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>${nn}</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
> </TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>More than 9 arguments can be referenced</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>"<TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$@</TT
|
|
>"</TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>"<TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$@</TT
|
|
>"</TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>"<TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$@</TT
|
|
>"</TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
> </TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>All arguments as separate words</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$#</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$#</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$#</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$#argv</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Number of arguments</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$?</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$?</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$?</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$status</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Exit status of the most recently executed command</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$!</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$!</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$!</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
> </TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>PID of most recently backgrounded process</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$-</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$-</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="varname"
|
|
>$-</TT
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
> </TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Current options</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>. <TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>file</TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>source <TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>file</TT
|
|
></B
|
|
> or <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>. <TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>file</TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>. <TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>file</TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>source <TT
|
|
CLASS="filename"
|
|
>file</TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Read commands in file</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
> </TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>alias x='y'</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>alias x=y</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>alias x y</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Name <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>x</B
|
|
> stands for command <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>y</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>case</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>case</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>case</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>switch</B
|
|
> or <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>case</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Choose alternatives</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>done</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>done</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>done</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>end</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>End a loop statement</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>esac</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>esac</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>esac</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>endsw</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>End <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>case</B
|
|
> or <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>switch</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>exit <TT
|
|
CLASS="parameter"
|
|
><I
|
|
>n</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>exit <TT
|
|
CLASS="parameter"
|
|
><I
|
|
>n</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>exit <TT
|
|
CLASS="parameter"
|
|
><I
|
|
>n</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>exit <TT
|
|
CLASS="parameter"
|
|
><I
|
|
>(expr)</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Exit with a status</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>for</B
|
|
>/<B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>do</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>for</B
|
|
>/<B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>do</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>for</B
|
|
>/<B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>do</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>foreach</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Loop through variables</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
> </TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>set <TT
|
|
CLASS="option"
|
|
>-f</TT
|
|
></B
|
|
>, <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>set <TT
|
|
CLASS="option"
|
|
>-o nullglob|dotglob|nocaseglob|noglob</TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
> </TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>noglob</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Ignore substitution characters for filename generation</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>hash</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>hash</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>alias <TT
|
|
CLASS="option"
|
|
>-t</TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>hashstat</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Display hashed commands (tracked aliases)</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>hash <TT
|
|
CLASS="parameter"
|
|
><I
|
|
>cmds</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>hash <TT
|
|
CLASS="parameter"
|
|
><I
|
|
>cmds</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>alias <TT
|
|
CLASS="option"
|
|
>-t</TT
|
|
> <TT
|
|
CLASS="parameter"
|
|
><I
|
|
>cmds</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>rehash</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Remember command locations</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>hash <TT
|
|
CLASS="option"
|
|
>-r</TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>hash <TT
|
|
CLASS="option"
|
|
>-r</TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
> </TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>unhash</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Forget command locations</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
> </TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>history</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>history</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>history</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>List previous commands</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
> </TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="keycap"
|
|
>ArrowUp</B
|
|
>+<B
|
|
CLASS="keycap"
|
|
>Enter</B
|
|
> or <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>!!</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>r</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>!!</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Redo previous command</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
> </TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>!<TT
|
|
CLASS="parameter"
|
|
><I
|
|
>str</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>r <TT
|
|
CLASS="parameter"
|
|
><I
|
|
>str</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>!<TT
|
|
CLASS="parameter"
|
|
><I
|
|
>str</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Redo last command that starts with <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="QUOTE"
|
|
>"str"</SPAN
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
> </TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>!<TT
|
|
CLASS="parameter"
|
|
><I
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>:s/<TT
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>/<TT
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CLASS="parameter"
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><I
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>y</I
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></TT
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>/</B
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></TD
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>r <TT
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>=<TT
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>y</I
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> <TT
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>cmd</I
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CLASS="command"
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>!<TT
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>cmd</I
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></TT
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>:s/<TT
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>x</I
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>/<TT
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CLASS="parameter"
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><I
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>y</I
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>/</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Replace <SPAN
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CLASS="QUOTE"
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>"x"</SPAN
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> with <SPAN
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CLASS="QUOTE"
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>"y"</SPAN
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> in most recent command starting with <SPAN
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>"cmd"</SPAN
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>, then execute.</TD
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>if [ <TT
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CLASS="varname"
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>$i</TT
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> -eq <TT
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CLASS="parameter"
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><I
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>5</I
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></TT
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> ]</B
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>if [ <TT
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CLASS="varname"
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>$i</TT
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> -eq <TT
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CLASS="parameter"
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><I
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>5</I
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></TT
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> ]</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>if ((<TT
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CLASS="varname"
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>i</TT
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>==<TT
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CLASS="parameter"
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><I
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>5</I
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></TT
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>))</B
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>if (<TT
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CLASS="varname"
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>$i</TT
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>==<TT
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CLASS="parameter"
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><I
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>5</I
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></TT
|
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>)</B
|
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></TD
|
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Sample condition test</TD
|
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></TR
|
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><TR
|
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><TD
|
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ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
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><B
|
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CLASS="command"
|
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>fi</B
|
|
></TD
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><TD
|
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ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
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><B
|
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CLASS="command"
|
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>fi</B
|
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
|
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CLASS="command"
|
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>fi</B
|
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
|
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CLASS="command"
|
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>endif</B
|
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></TD
|
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><TD
|
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>End <B
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>if</B
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> statement</TD
|
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></TR
|
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
|
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CLASS="command"
|
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>ulimit</B
|
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></TD
|
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
|
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CLASS="command"
|
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>ulimit</B
|
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></TD
|
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><TD
|
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><B
|
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CLASS="command"
|
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>ulimit</B
|
|
></TD
|
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><TD
|
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ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>limit</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Set resource limits</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>pwd</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>pwd</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
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ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>pwd</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>dirs</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Print working directory</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>read</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>read</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>read</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>$<</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Read from terminal</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>trap <TT
|
|
CLASS="parameter"
|
|
><I
|
|
>2</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>trap <TT
|
|
CLASS="parameter"
|
|
><I
|
|
>2</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>trap <TT
|
|
CLASS="parameter"
|
|
><I
|
|
>2</I
|
|
></TT
|
|
></B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>onintr</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Ignore interrupts</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
> </TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>unalias</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>unalias</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>unalias</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Remove aliases</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>until</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>until</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>until</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
> </TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Begin <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>until</B
|
|
> loop</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>while</B
|
|
>/<B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>do</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>while</B
|
|
>/<B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>do</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>while</B
|
|
>/<B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>do</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
><B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>while</B
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
|
|
>Begin <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>while</B
|
|
> loop</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TBODY
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><P
|
|
>The Bourne Again SHell has many more features not listed here. This table is just to give you an idea of how this shell incorporates all useful ideas from other shells: there are no blanks in the column for <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>bash</B
|
|
>. More information on features found only in Bash can be retrieved from the Bash info pages, in the <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="QUOTE"
|
|
>"Bash Features"</SPAN
|
|
> section.</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>More information:</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>You should at least read one manual, being the manual of your shell. The preferred choice would be <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>info bash</B
|
|
>, <B
|
|
CLASS="command"
|
|
>bash</B
|
|
> being the GNU shell and easiest for beginners. Print it out and take it home, study it whenever you have 5 minutes.</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
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HREF="x7243.html"
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WIDTH="34%"
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