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Linux XFree-to-Xinside mini-HOWTO
by Marco Melgazzi, marco@techie.com
v1.3, September 1997
How to convert an XFree86 modeline into an XInside/XiGraphics one
______________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Why should I need it ?
3. Let's go
4. Fixing up things
5. The end...
6. Automating the process
7. Thanks to
8. Copyright/legalese
______________________________________________________________________
1. Introduction
During the spring of 1996 I've seen a lot of posts in comp.os.linux.x
asking how to convert video modes between XFree86 and one of its
commercial alternatives: XInside ( now named XiGraphics, note anyway
that in this document I'll use the old product name, since I will
mainly refer to that version )
I had evaluated before the product and had this evaluation version
still floating on my hard disk: since I like problem solving, I've
decided to give it a try and, after a couple of hours of fiddling and
calculating, I came up with a supposedly informative article that was
promptly posted.
The discussions about how to convert suddendly vanished and I received
1 (one) mail thanking me for the article so, since maybe somebody else
could need this information in the future, I decided to transform that
post in the mini-HOWTO you are reading.
Let me state something first: I do NOT work for XInside and I only had
access to the evaluation 1.2 version for Linux. I know that nowadays (
May 97 ) AccelX has reached revision 3.1, but I do think that the
information included in this document, if not verbatim, is still
applicable.
Due to the fact that this HOWTO has been written with the help of a
pretty old Xinside version, it may well happen that some of the
information contained here is not completely accurate: as you will
read later, thanks to the birth of XFree 3.2, I haven't bought this
commercial server, so if you have, and if you notice any incorrect
information here please take the time to email me.
Notice anyway that fiddling with monitor timings can be hazardous and,
for this reason, I absolutely make no guarantees. If it works for you
, fine, if you blow up your computer I shall not be held responsible
for it.
As you may have noticed from may name, I'm not a native speaker of
English so you will probably find some errors here and there, I
apologize for them and I ask you to please avoid flooding my mailbox
with language-related flames. Thanks !
2. Why should I need it ?
I think that the Xinside policy of not giving you an utility to tweak
your video modes ( like xvidtune ) and/or to import your existing
XFree ones in the evaluation ( and AFAIK commercial ) version is
incomprehensible. I've spent about three hours putting this together
( hint: I've compared the VESA 1024x768@70Hz entry in the two formats
( and I'm nearly an electronic engineer ;-)) while an Xinside
programmer could have written a comparable article in a fraction of
this time...
I haven't downloaded any evaluation version from 1.3 onwards and I
really hope they have fixed this. Well, if they have, this mini-HOWTO
could be considered useless but, alas, if you read it you will learn
something more about how everything works...
3. Let's go
Let's suppose that you have your oh-so-tweaked XFree86 mode and you
want to evaluate Xinside in the same conditions: follow the steps
described below and you should be able to do it; we will use my
default video mode as a real-life example and I will explain what you
will have to do to convert it.
An Xfree86 entry looks like this:
Modeline "blahblah" DOTCLK A B C D a b c d
Every one of the A-D and a-d numbers has a meaning: if you want you
can search for it in the 'The Hitchhiker's Guide to X386/XFree86 Video
Timing' ( /usr/lib/X11/doc/VideoModes.doc ) but you don't need to know
the theory behind all this to perform a succesful conversion...
My modeline in /usr/lib/X11/XF86Config is:
Modeline "1168x876" 105 1168 1256 1544 1640 876 877 891 900
| | | | | | | | |
DOT_CLK A B C D a b c d
In Xinside, you have to add an entry in the Xtimings file, which
should be located in etc/ ( from now on we suppose you are in the top
Xaccel directory that should be something like
/usr/X11/lib/X11/AcceleratedX )
! Somewhere in the file, put here the name you want
[PREADJUSTED_TIMING]
PreadjustedTimingName = "1168x876 @ 72Hz";
!
! These four are obvious
!
HorPixel = 1168; // pixels
VerPixel = 876; // lines
PixelWidthRatio = 4;
PixelHeightRatio = 3;
!
! hsync: DOT_CLK / D * 1000 [KHz]
!
! hsync = 105 / 1640 * 1000 = 64.024 KHz
!
! vsync: ( 1 / (( D / DOT_CLK ) * d) ) * 1,000,000 [Hz]
!
! vsync: ( 1 / (( 1640 / 105 ) * 900) ) * 1,000,000
! ( 1 / 14057.1428571 ) * 1,000,000 = 71.138 Hz
!
HorFrequency = 64.180; // kHz
VerFrequency = 71.138; // Hz
! Obvious
ScanType = NONINTERLACED;
!
! Put here the +/-hsync +/-vsync XFree86 options
!
HorSyncPolarity = POSITIVE;
VerSyncPolarity = POSITIVE;
! Shouldn't change
CharacterWidth = 8; // pixels
! DOT_CLK here
PixelClock = 105.000; // MHz
!
!
! horizontal timings section: [usec]
!
HorTotalTime = D / DOT_CLK = 15.619;
HorAddrTime = A / DOT_CLK = 11.124;
HorBlankStart = A / DOT_CLK = 11.124;
HorBlankTime = HorTotalTime - HorBlankStart = 4.495;
HorSyncStart = B / DOT_CLK = 11.962;
HorSyncTime = C / DOT_CLK - HorSyncStart = 2.743;
!
! vertical timings section: [msec]
!
VerTotalTime = ( HorTotalTime * d ) / 1000 = 14.057;
VerAddrTime = ( HorTotalTime * a ) / 1000 = 13.682;
VerBlankStart = ( HorTotalTime * a ) / 1000 = 13.682;
VerBlankTime = VerTotalTime - VerBlankStart = 0.375;
VerSyncStart = ( HorTotalTime * b ) / 1000 = 13.698;
VerSyncTime = ( HorTotalTime * ( c - b ) ) / 1000
= 0.219
! Finished !
Now you have to put this newly created mode in the files shown below
in the appropriate place.
4. Fixing up things
In the excerpts shown below the -> sign tells you what was modified:
do NOT include it in your files!
Monitor entry ( mine is monitors/mfreq/mfreq64.vda)
[ESTABLISHED_TIMINGS]
"640x480 @ 60Hz",
"640x480 @ 72Hz",
"640x480 @ 75Hz",
"800x600 @ 56Hz",
"800x600 @ 60Hz",
"800x600 @ 72Hz",
"800x600 @ 75Hz",
"1024x768 Interlaced",
"1024x768 @ 60Hz",
"1024x768 @ 70Hz",
"1024x768 @ 75Hz",
"1152x900 Interlaced",
"1152x900 @ 60Hz",
"1152x900 @ 67Hz",
-> "1168x876 @ 72Hz",
"1280x1024 Interlaced",
"1280x1024 @ 60Hz",
"1600x1200 Interlaced";
Board info file ( mine is boards/s3/764-2.xqa , I wonder why they have
nearly all the Hercules boards but not MINE: Terminator 64/Dram )
[VISUAL]
BitsPerPixel = 8;
MemoryModel = Packed;
ColorModel = Indexed;
BitsRGB = 6;
NumberOfColors = 256;
[RESOLUTIONS]
640x480,
800x600,
1024x768,
-> 1168x876,
1152x900,
1280x1024
[DESKTOPS]
640x480,
800x600,
1024x768,
1152x900,
-> 1168x876,
1280x1024,
1600x1200
If the dot clock is low enough ( NOT in this case for my board ) you
can put the entry even in the 16bpp and 32bpp sec- tions.
The /etc/Xaccel.ini will look something like this
--------------------------------------------------------------
Board = "s3/764-2.xqa";
Monitor = "mfreq/mfreq64.vda";
Depth = 8;
-> Desktop = 1168x876;
[RESOLUTIONS]
-> 1168x876,
1024x768;
The actual Xinside mode entry in etc/Xtimings
--------------------------------------------------------------
[PREADJUSTED_TIMING]
PreadjustedTimingName = "1168x876 @ 72Hz";
HorPixel = 1168; // pixels
VerPixel = 876; // lines
PixelWidthRatio = 4;
PixelHeightRatio = 3;
HorFrequency = 64.024; // kHz
VerFrequency = 71.138; // Hz
ScanType = NONINTERLACED;
HorSyncPolarity = POSITIVE;
VerSyncPolarity = POSITIVE;
CharacterWidth = 8; // pixels
PixelClock = 105.000; // MHz
HorTotalTime = 15.619; // (usec) = 205 chars
HorAddrTime = 11.124; // (usec) = 146 chars
HorBlankStart = 11.124; // (usec) = 146 chars
HorBlankTime = 4.495; // (usec) = 59 chars
HorSyncStart = 11.962; // (usec) = 157 chars
HorSyncTime = 2.743; // (usec) = 36 chars
VerTotalTime = 14.057; // (msec) = 900 lines
VerAddrTime = 13.682; // (msec) = 876 lines
VerBlankStart = 13.682; // (msec) = 876 lines
VerBlankTime = 0.375; // (msec) = 24 lines
VerSyncStart = 13.698; // (msec) = 877 lines
VerSyncTime = 0.219; // (msec) = 14 lines
You can check your conversion by running the vgaset program with no
parameters while running the Xinside server: it will output an XFree-
like line and, if everything went OK, this line will be equal to the
line you started from ( except if b and c are equal, I haven't been
able to reproduce this situation in Xinside: the best case was c=b+1
).
5. The end...
That's all folks ! I hope this will be useful to you. I don't think
I'll buy the XiGraphics server in the near future for one simple
reason: the release of XFree86 3.2 solved all of the text speed
problems I was having on my humble Trio 64 video board ;)
It seems anyway that the XiGraphics server supports a much wider array
of chipsets and video boards than XFree, so it may well happen that
the commercial 'alternative' is the only viable one for you. If this
is the case, and you bought the XiGraphics server, I would really like
to hear from you to know if the information presented here has been
useful to you, or if you found it too complex or whatever.
6. Automating the process
This small script automates most of the work. Be very careful with the
ScanType and with the two Polarity lines: the script do not set them
and, if you are too lazy to correct them, the risks of blowing up your
monitor increase quite a lot.
Notice that I don't know if the 'Doublescan' flag has meaning in
XInside: if you try to convert a low-res doublescan mode BE CAREFUL,
you can easily kill your monitor since the refresh rate that you get
is doubled ( in fact my 400x300@72Hz became a 400x300@144Hz !).
#!/bin/sh
##########################################################################
# XF2XInside
#
# This script converts modelines from XF86Config format to XInside
# format as needed for the etc/Xtiming file.
#
# This is a quick hack, so don't expect much error checking (not to
# speak of anything like user friendlyness).
#
# If you call it without arguments it should tell you what to do.
#
# ( July 1996, hcz@tazlwurm.bb.bawue.de)
#
# Btw: New modes created as described in the HOWTO work, but don't
# show up in Xsetup's menu. Anybody who knows why?
#
##########################################################################
#----------------------------------------------- Here we go:
# Change this if your modeline file lives somewhere else:
XF=/usr/X11/lib/X11/XF86Config
if [ $# -ne 1 ] ; then
echo "usage: ${0##*/} <mode>"
echo " example: ${0##*/} 1024x764"
echo -e " function: converts $XF modeline entry into\n Xinside Format (stdout)"
exit 1
fi
egrep -i "^[\t ]*modeline.+\"$1\"" /usr/X11/lib/X11/XF86Config |
gawk '
NF < 11 { print "! invalid Modeline:\n! " $0 "\n!"; next }
{
print "//", $0 ":"
name = $2
DOT_CLK = $3;
A = $4;
B = $5;
C = $6;
D = $7;
a = $8;
b = $9;
c = $10;
d = $11;
VerFrequency = 1000000 / ((D / DOT_CLK) * d)
print "[PREADJUSTED_TIMING]"
printf " PreadjustedTimingName = \"%dx%d @ %.0dHz\";\n", A, a, VerFrequency
print " HorPixel\t\t= " A ";"
print " VerPixel\t\t= " a ";"
print " PixelWidthRatio\t= 4;\n PixelHeightRatio\t= 3;"
print " HorFrequency\t\t= " DOT_CLK / D * 1000 ";\t// kHz"
print " VerFrequency\t\t= " VerFrequency ";\t// Hz"
print " ScanType\t\t= NONINTERLACED;\t\t// *CHECK*"
print " HorSyncPolarity\t= NEGATIVE;\t\t\t// *CHECK*"
print " VerSyncPolarity\t= NEGATIVE;\t\t\t// *CHECK*"
print " CharacterWidth\t= 8;"
print " PixelClock\t\t= " DOT_CLK ";"
HorTotalTime = D / DOT_CLK
print " HorTotalTime\t\t= " HorTotalTime ";"
print " HorAddrTime \t\t= " A / DOT_CLK ";"
print " HorBlankStart\t\t= " A / DOT_CLK ";"
print " HorBlankTime\t\t= " D / DOT_CLK - A / DOT_CLK ";"
print " HorSyncStart\t\t= " B / DOT_CLK ";"
print " HorSyncTime\t\t= " C / DOT_CLK - B / DOT_CLK ";"
VerTotalTime = ( HorTotalTime * d ) / 1000
print " VerTotalTime\t\t= " VerTotalTime ";"
print " VerAddrTime\t\t= " ( HorTotalTime * a ) / 1000 ";"
VerBlankStart = ( HorTotalTime * a ) / 1000
print " VerBlankStart\t\t= " VerBlankStart ";"
print " VerBlankTime\t\t= " VerTotalTime - VerBlankStart ";"
print " VerSyncStart\t\t= " ( HorTotalTime * b ) / 1000 ";"
print " VerSyncTime\t\t= " ( HorTotalTime * ( c - b ) ) / 1000
print ""
}'
7. Thanks to
<20> Heike Claudia Zimmerer hcz@tazlwurm.bb.bawue.de for pointing out a
small inconsistency and for sending me a script that automates most
of the work.
<20> Bartosz Maruszewski B.Maruszewski@zsmeie.torun.pl for translating
this mini HOWTO in Polish and for pointing out a small typo.
8. Copyright/legalese
(c)opyright 1996-7 by Marco Melgazzi (marco@techie.com) - the GPL (Gnu
Public License) applies. To obtain a copy of the GPL write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Trademarks are owned by their owners. There is no warranty on the
accuracy and/or the usefulness of the information given in this
document.
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