1795 lines
52 KiB
Plaintext
1795 lines
52 KiB
Plaintext
SPARC-HOWTO.
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Lionel, trollhunter Bouchpan-Lerust-Juéry <trollhunter@lin
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uxfr.org>
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v0.0.7 August 2004
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The SPARC family of microprocessors is a very good implementation of
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the RISC design and SPARC based computing devices cover a very wide
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spectrum of applications, from mainframe class computers to radhard
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microprocessors used by the aerospace industry in its space segment.
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SPARC based computers are usually very well engineered products, thus
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Linux on SPARC is a winning combination both in performance and ease
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of use. Actually this combination is not as widspread as the
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Linux/x86; this HOWTO should help you step by step to make an informed
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decision: try it you will not regret it.
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______________________________________________________________________
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Table of Contents
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1. Preface.
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1.1 Translations.
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2. SPARC, which one ?
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2.1 Sun SPARC
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2.2 Super SPARC
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2.3 Micro SPARC
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2.4 Hyper SPARC
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2.5 ERC32
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2.6 LEON
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2.7 Ultra SPARC
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2.8 SPARC64 V
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2.9 Deciphering the CPUs
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2.9.1 Ross Technology.
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2.9.2 SM modules.
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2.9.3 Cypress.
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2.10 The javastation.
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3. Buying a SPARC computer.
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3.1 Gaigning a visual familiarity with SPARC hardware
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3.2 Sun made hardware or clones ?
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3.3 Where to buy.
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3.4 Checklist
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4. SPARC based laptops
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5. The wonderful SparcStation Voyager
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6. Sun's Netra servers
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7. Sun's Enterprise servers
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8. Tatung's Workstations
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9. Tatung's SPARC Servers
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10. Fujitsu's supercomputers
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11. Linux on SPARC: 2 kernels.
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12. Choosing a distribution.
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12.1 Aurora SPARC Linux
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12.2 Debian GNU/Linux.
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12.3 Gentoo
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12.4 PLD.
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12.5 RedHat Linux.
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12.6 Slackware
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12.7 SLXT
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12.8 Linux Terminal Server Project
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12.9 SplackLinux
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12.10 SuSE Linux.
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12.11 Vine Linux
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13. Installing Linux
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14. Working with the Openboot.
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14.1 What is the OpenBoot?
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14.2 Diagnostics commands.
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14.3 Boot commands.
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14.4 Misc commands.
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15. Hard drive buses.
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15.1 SCSI-SCA.
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15.2 EIDE.
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15.3 FC-AL
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16. CDROM: specific settings.
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17. SILO.
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18. Compiling a kernel
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19. Keyboard and mouse.
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20. X Window.
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21. SMP.
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22. The sound.
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23. Serial port.
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24. Ressources.
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24.1 Information sites.
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24.2 Auction sites.
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24.3 A Good Provider based in France
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25. Thanks and Credits.
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25.1 Thanks.
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25.2 Credits.
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26. Copyright, Disclaimer and Trademarks
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26.1 Copyright.
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26.2 Administrativia.
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27. Revision History.
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______________________________________________________________________
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1. Preface.
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This document is a step by step guide meant to provide information in
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order to help you running Linux on SPARC based computers, As these
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computers are quite different from PCs an hardware section will
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provide you with the needed information in order to understand how
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they work and what can be expected from the various CPUs and models.
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I am not a SPARC specialist, nor a Solaris or Linux guru, I am just
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someone who is realy found of well engineered products, and wish to
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help you in choosing your hardware and finding information. Thus I
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have tried to write down this document in order to ease your path.
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I hope this HOWTO will help you and you will have a lot of fun with
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your SPARC Computer.
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1.1. Translations.
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Kim Hyun-Gyu <babyworm@atlas.korea.ac.kr> provide a Korean
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translation. You can read it online at
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http://kldp.org/HOWTO/html/SPARC-HOWTO/
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2. SPARC, which one ?
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This document deals only with SPARC based computers, in order to
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check, just type uname -m command and you should read something like
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sparc4x where x is blank,c,d,m,u if the system runs Solaris, or sparc
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for 32 bits SPARC architectures and sparc64 for 64 bits SPARC
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architectures if it runs Linux. 2.x.y
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SPARC stands for Scalable Processor ARChitecture, it derives from
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research done between 1984-1988 on the RISC architecture at UC
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Berkeley. It exists 3 versions of this archiecture, SPARC-V7, SPARC-
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V8 (32 bits) and SPARC-V9 (64 bits). As you are likely to encounter
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a lot of implementations of the SPARC architecture, in the next
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section, the main features of theses processors are summarized.
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2.1. Sun SPARC
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This is quite obsolete, it is an implementation of the SPARC-V7 ; its
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main feature are an Integer unit (IU), an external Floating Point Unit
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(FPU), an unified data + instruction 64KB direct associative cache,
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and an Memory Managment Unit (MMU). There is a 4 stage pipeline for
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the integer instructions (fetch F, decode D, exec E, update WB) FPU
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and IU are synchronized.
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2.2. Super SPARC
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This is Texas Instrument and Sun's brainchild, it is usualy found at
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around 50Mhz clok rates featuring up to 1MB of L2 cache, it is
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available both as single and dual processor modules (SparcStation 10
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and SparcStation 20). The higher clock frequency I have encountered so
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far is 60Mhz.
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On a technical point of view this is a SPARC-V8 implementation, it is
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a superscalar processor, having 2 caches, one for instruction the
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other one for data.
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· The 20kB instruction cache is a 5 way associative.
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· The 16KB data cache is 4 way associative.
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2.3. Micro SPARC
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This is once again Texas Instrument and Sun's brainchild, it can be
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found in the SparcStation Classic, SparcStation LX, at frequency up to
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50Mhz. Its derivative, the Micro SPARC II can be found in the
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SparcStation 4 and SparcStation 5 at frequencies up to 110Mhz.
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On a technical point of view, its main features are a high level of
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integration, having 2 caches, one for instructions, the other one for
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data.
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· A 4KB instruction direct associative cache.
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· A 2KB data direct associative cache.
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It is not possible to add an L2 cache. If you wish to learn more
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about the MicroSPARC processor you can browse Sun's Ultra SPARC
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ressources.
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2.4. Hyper SPARC
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This processor was introduced by ROSS in 1993, it is usualy found in
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the SparcStation 10, and SparcStation 20, at frequencies up to 150Mhz
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(I have heard of 200Mhz dual processor modules, but Have not witnessed
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one yet). It can be found on single or dual processor modules.
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On a technical point of view it is an implementation of the SPARC-V8,
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it is superscalar. It can be found with L2 cache up to 512KB
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2.5. ERC32
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This is a radhard SPARC V7 microprocessor designed to be used on the
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space segment.
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It comes as a single unit or as a three chip package. Main
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manufacturer is ATMEL in Nantes, France. At least, one software
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vendor claims to have GNU/Linux running on this CPU, this is for the
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http://dse.cyberclwn.com/sparc-rtems-erc32.htm. This project has not
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been updated since March 2001. As I have not had the opportunity to
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check this claim. I am more than doubtful.
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2.6. LEON
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This is also a radhard implementation of the SPARC V8 designed to be
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used on the space segment. It is the ESA's brainchild and the lead
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designer is jiri gaisler. More information can be found on LEON's
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website: http://www.gaisler.com/leonmain.html
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The 2.4 and 2.5 kernel series are not yet supported, however the 2.0
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kernel series is supported by the uClinux MMU less GNU/Linux
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distribution. This distribution has been built at ESA/ESTEC December
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26 2003 on a SuSE 8.0 GNU/Linux distribution with gcc version 2.95.3
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20010315 and a 2.4.18 kernel. Hereafter is the boot sequence and a
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sample session inside the tsim-leon simulator.
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______________________________________________________________________
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piou@linux:~/uClinux-dist/images> ./tsim-leon -nfp image.elf
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TSIM/LEON SPARC simulator, version 1.1.4a (evaluation version)
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Copyright (C) 2001, Gaisler Research - all rights reserved.
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This software may only be used with a valid license.
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For latest updates, go to http://www.gaisler.com/
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Comments or bug-reports to tsim@gaisler.com
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FPU disabled
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serial port A on stdin/stdout
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allocated 4096 K RAM memory, in 1 bank(s)
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allocated 2048 K ROM memory
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icache: 1 * 4 kbytes, 16 bytes/line (4 kbytes total)
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dcache: 1 * 4 kbytes, 16 bytes/line (4 kbytes total)
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section: .text at 0x0, size 252944 bytes
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section: .data at 0x40000000, size 38452 bytes
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section: .romfs at 0x3dc10, size 67584 bytes
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tsim> g
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resuming at 0x00000000
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aCDG512k RAM
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Found my key
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Moved .data
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Found my key
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uClinux/Sparc
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Flat model support (C) 1998-2000 Kenneth Albanowski, D. Jeff Dionne
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LEON-2.1 Sparc V8 support (C) 2000 D. Jeff Dionne, Lineo Inc.
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LEON-2.2/LEON-2.3 Sparc V8 support (C) 2001 The LEOX team <team@leox.org>.
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Calibrating delay loop.. ok - 6.68 BogoMIPS
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Memory available: 3904k/4080k RAM, 0k/0k ROM (176k kernel data, 247k code)
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Swansea University Computer Society NET3.035 for Linux 2.0
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NET3: Unix domain sockets 0.13 for Linux NET3.035.
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uClinux version 2.0.39.uc2 (root@linux) (gcc version 2.95.3 20010315 (release)) 6 Thu Dec 26 18:28:01 PST 2002
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LEON serial driver version 0.9
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ttyS0 (irq = 3) is a builtin LEON UART
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Blkmem copyright 1998,1999 D. Jeff Dionne
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Blkmem copyright 1998 Kenneth Albanowski
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Blkmem 1 disk images:
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0: 3DC10-4E40F (RO)
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VFS: Mounted root (romfs filesystem) readonly.
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Sash command shell (version 1.1.1)
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/> pwd
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/
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/> cd bin
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/bin> pwd
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/bin
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/bin> ls
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sh
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/bin>
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______________________________________________________________________
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2.7. Ultra SPARC
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The Ultra SPARC processor is an extension of the SPARC-V9
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architecture, it is a 64 bits processor, it features some video
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processing instructions. It is found in all the computer whose name
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start with Ultra.
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The Ultra SPARC II is an improvement of the Ultra SPARC, the Ultra
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SPARCIII is actually the second generation of Ultra SPARC processors,
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it was first introduced in the SunBlade 1000 Workstation. If wish to
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learn more about the UltraSPARC processors you can browse Sun's Ultra
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SPARC ressources.
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2.8. SPARC64 V
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This processor is based on the SPARC V9 and is made by Fujitsu It is a
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64bits CPU with some very interesting error handling features such as
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ECC memory for the L1 cache, hardware instruction retry, error
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classification.
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There is a 64 bit virtual address space and 43 bit physical address
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space. It is used in the PRIMEPOWER high end servers to mainframe
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class of Fujitsu's offering.
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The cache is organized as :
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· A 128kB 2 way associative L1 instruction cache
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· A 128kB 2 way associative L1 data cache
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· A 2MB unified 4 way associative L2 cache
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More information can be found on the
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http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/PRMPWR/JPS1-R1.0-SPARC64V-pub.pdf
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whitepaper.
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You may read the CPU-Design-HOWTO, this HOWTO has a lot of interesting
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links when it comes to studying the CPUs.
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To summarize, the 32 bits workstations are the:
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· The sun4 workstation is the sun4/330 model.
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· The sun4c workstations are the SparcStation 1,2, IPC and IPX
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models.
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· The sun4m workstations are the SparcStation 5, 10 and 20.
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Only the SparcStation 10 and SparcStation 20 are SMP capable: up to
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2 CPU modules.
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For more information on the SparcStation 5, 10, 20 you can read Sun's
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documentation online or download it available.
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The following model have an 64 bits UltraSPARC architecture (sun4u).
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SunUltra 1, 2, 5, 10, 30, 60, 80 and SunBlade 1000, 1500, 2000. The
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SunUltra 2, 60, 80 and SunBlade 1000 are SMP capable, with the Ultra
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80 and SunBlade 1000 and 2000 accepting up to 4 CPU modules, the
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SunUltra 2 and 60 accepting only 2 CPU modules.
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The SunBlade 2000 is the latest one featuring Sun's latest marvel the
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Ultra III CPU, at a premium price of course. You can have a summary
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of the UltraWorkstation still in production at Sun's website.
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A lot of information has been compiled in the Sun hardware reference
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that is found on many sites, or on SunHelp 's website.
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2.9. Deciphering the CPUs
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At first, a reference like SM61 or RT-200-D-125/512 seems to be, to
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say the least, quite cryptic. Actually, understanding theses
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references is really easy.
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2.9.1. Ross Technology.
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Theses CPUs's naming scheme is RT-a00-b-freq/cache where
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· a is a digit:
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· 1 SparcStation 10.
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· 2 SparcStation 20.
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· 6 SPARC MP600 ( not exactly a workstation ).
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· b is a letter:
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· D Dual CPU.
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· Q Quad CPU.
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· S Single CPU.
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· freq The frequency expressed in Megahertz.
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· cache The amount of cache memory expressed in Kilobytes.
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When these modules are in a workstation the naming convention is HSxy,
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for example ywing is a SparcStation 20 HS22, thus it is easier to have
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a look inside the workstation.
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2.9.2. SM modules.
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This table is extracted from the FAQABOSS
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______________________________________________________________________
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Name Speed( MHz ) Cache( MB ) Number of SuperSparc
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Processors Series
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SM20 33 0 1 I
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SM30 36 0 1 I
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SM40 40 0 1 I
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SM41 40 1 1 I
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SM50 50 0 1 I
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SM51 50 1 1 I
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SM512 50 1 2 I
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SM51-2 50 2 1 I
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SM61 60 1 1 I
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SM61-2 60 2 1 I
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SM71 75 1 1 II
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SM71-2 75 2 1 II
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SM81 85 1 1 II
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SM81-5 85 2 1 II
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______________________________________________________________________
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Warning: the SM100 is a RT-600-D-40
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2.9.3. Cypress.
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Cypress manufactured SPARC compliants processors; AFAIK their naming
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scheme is CYnnn.
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As you can see, this is easy to understand.
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2.10. The javastation.
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This is a family of Network computers that used to be manufactured by
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Sun, there is a very good JavaStation-HOWTO about it.
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3. Buying a SPARC computer.
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You have decided to buy a SPARC based computer, now you can tell what
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CPU each model sports, but can you tell how that particuliar model
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looks like? How its is inside?
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Do not worry, this section will help you on that topic as well as
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providing you with some hints on how to inspect and test the hardware.
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3.1. Gaigning a visual familiarity with SPARC hardware
|
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PC hardware is everywhere and usualy one is quite familiar with it,
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this is not exactly the case with SPARC based hardware, even more when
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it comes to the innards of a computer. The good news is that it exists
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some sites on the web, where you can find pictures of Sun hardware,
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with some very detailed shots, thus you should be able to instantly
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identify the model and its condition prior to buy it. The two main
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site where I usualy go are:
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· sun In Sun's database, you can find technical data as well as
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picture of some of Sun's product, the pictures are crisp, and the
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hardware is always at its best, this is technicaly interesting, in
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order to compare brand new hardware and the used one that is usualy
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featured on the two sites below.
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· HAL This site features very detailed pictures of a lot of hardware,
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from CPU modules to Servers, even mice.
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· obsolyte This site has different pictures, it is very useful too.
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3.2. Sun made hardware or clones ?
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On the one hand, it is very easy to find information on Sun hardware,
|
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while it can be difficult to find it for clone systems on the other
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hand it should be more fun to work with exotic hardware.
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Clone systems have been or are still manufactured, at least by:
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· Fujitsu.
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· Toshiba
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· Ross
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· Tadpole/RDI manufactures SPARC based laptops.
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· Tatung is still in the market and sells SBus, PCI cards, and of
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course systems up to the UltraSPARC III based 2U and 4U servers.
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For more information about tatung's COMPServer and COMPStations,
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please read the Tatung's Workstations and Servers sections of this
|
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document.
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· Toshiba, used to manufacture SPARC based laptops: The AS1000.
|
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3.3. Where to buy.
|
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Of course if you buy first hand hardware everything should be fine,
|
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but if you decide to go for second hand hardware, you will have to
|
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decide how you want to buy it, and you should be able to test it by
|
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yourself.
|
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|
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Second hand hardware can be brought from Sun as refurbished hardware,
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at auction websites, or in specialised stores, or directly from
|
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companys that upgrade their hardware.
|
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|
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|
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3.4. Checklist
|
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|
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When it comes to second hand hardware one has to be as cautious as
|
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possible about the source, and the condition of that hardware.
|
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|
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For the source of the hardware, if you can track it, it is a very good
|
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point. If you can't track it, it is up to you to decide if you trust
|
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the seller or not ( If the seller cannot give you the reference of the
|
||
hardwre and if, obviously he/she is clueless about Sun hardware, you
|
||
should switch to condition red ).
|
||
|
||
Another interesting point is to see if check is accepted as a
|
||
payement.
|
||
|
||
If you can check the hardware before buying it then first have a
|
||
general look at it, search for cracks, for stains; check the
|
||
connector's pin. If this first inspection is OK, then ask to see the
|
||
inside, look for spills, watch carefuly the connectors, then if it is
|
||
OK ask to see it running, watch carefully boot messages, issue the
|
||
dmesg|more or if it runs Solaris you can issue the more
|
||
/var/adm/messages command, and also very important listen to your
|
||
computer, do you hear unusual noises? Does it smell OK?. Then enter
|
||
the OpenBoot by the stop+a command and run some tests ( see the
|
||
OpenBoot section ). When you have decided to purchase it, it is very
|
||
important that you always make sure that the computer you are
|
||
purchasing is the one you have tested: always keep an eye on it, do
|
||
not let someone go to the backoffice with it for example, do not
|
||
accept to leave without your computer.
|
||
|
||
Then, when you are at home, recheck it as if it was the first time you
|
||
see it. If it comes with CDROM drive, try to mount/umount a few CDs
|
||
and read them in order to check that device. If there is a floppy disk
|
||
read/write/format a few floppys, this should be a good test.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Of course, it exists tools to automaticaly test the hardware, but
|
||
usualy you do not have them when you need them, thus the script below
|
||
relies only on ressources provided by a Linux base system.
|
||
|
||
|
||
You should run the following script for three days, basicaly it is
|
||
going to use the CDROM, floppy and hard drive, and to reboot the
|
||
computer every 3 hours. This should stress it,
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
______________________________________________________________________
|
||
#
|
||
# Enter this in the crontab(5)
|
||
# run the torture.sh script every 3 hours if possible
|
||
#
|
||
0 */3 * * * /root/torture.sh
|
||
______________________________________________________________________
|
||
|
||
|
||
Where torture.sh is
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
______________________________________________________________________
|
||
#!/bin/sh
|
||
|
||
#
|
||
# these are for controlling the loops
|
||
# the CDLIMITS and FDLIMITS
|
||
# are for the CD and FD loops
|
||
#
|
||
CPT=1
|
||
CDLIMIT=3
|
||
FDLIMIT=10
|
||
|
||
#
|
||
# to which devices are
|
||
# CDROM and floppy attached
|
||
#
|
||
CDROM=/dev/sr0
|
||
FLOPPY=/dev/fd0
|
||
|
||
#
|
||
# where is the program we
|
||
# intend to compile
|
||
|
||
PATH=/path_to_big_package_to_compile
|
||
|
||
#
|
||
# this section si meant to
|
||
# test the CDROM and floppy drives
|
||
# comment what you do not need to
|
||
# test
|
||
|
||
while [ $CPT -le $CDLIMIT ]
|
||
do
|
||
#
|
||
# CDROM drive
|
||
#
|
||
|
||
mount -rt iso9660 $CDROM /cdrom
|
||
find /cdrom -exec cat {} \; >>/dev/null 2>&1
|
||
umount /cdrom
|
||
CPT=$(($CPT+1))
|
||
done
|
||
|
||
#
|
||
# floppy drive
|
||
#
|
||
CPT=1
|
||
while [ $CPT -le $FDLIMIT ]
|
||
do
|
||
mke2fs -c $FLOPPY >/dev/null 2>&1
|
||
mount -t ext2 $FLOPPY /floppy
|
||
cd /bin/
|
||
cp dd ps echo sh /floppy
|
||
find /floppy -exec cat {} \; >>/dev/null 2>&1
|
||
umount /floppy
|
||
CPT=$(($CPT+1))
|
||
done
|
||
|
||
|
||
#
|
||
# The big, intensive
|
||
# compilation
|
||
#
|
||
|
||
cd $PATH
|
||
|
||
#
|
||
# now compile
|
||
#
|
||
make
|
||
|
||
|
||
#
|
||
#
|
||
# we remove every .a .o .s and every executable
|
||
#
|
||
|
||
find $PATH -name "*.[aos]" -exec rm -f {} \; >/dev/null 2>&1
|
||
find $PATH -exec test -x {} \; -exec rm -f {} \; >/dev/null 2>&1
|
||
|
||
#
|
||
# time to reboot
|
||
#
|
||
reboot
|
||
______________________________________________________________________
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Of course you should run this script manualy once in order to know how
|
||
much time it requires to complete, this is just an idea on how to
|
||
automate things.
|
||
|
||
|
||
4. SPARC based laptops
|
||
|
||
|
||
There exists SPARC based, laptops.
|
||
|
||
They are not very widespread but, they are actually very good SPARC
|
||
workstations.
|
||
|
||
· SparcBook 1:
|
||
|
||
· SparcBook 2:
|
||
|
||
· Tadpole SparcBook 3GX: This is a 100Mhz MicroSPARC II (TI) with a
|
||
Weitek P9100 frame buffer and a screen resolution of 800x600.
|
||
GNU/Linux runs on it The PCMCIA, internal modem and power
|
||
management are not supported at the time of this writing.
|
||
|
||
For more information about the SPARCBooks there exists a SPARCBook
|
||
FAQ, you can read it at http://hvdkooij.xs4all.nl/docs/SparcBook-
|
||
FAQ.html
|
||
|
||
There exists a Linux Mobile Guide that provides you with the needed
|
||
informations about GNU/Linux on laptops. You can read it there:
|
||
http://www.tuxmobil.org/Mobile-Guide.db/Mobile-Guide.html
|
||
|
||
Today there are some manufacturers of SPARC based laptops. You can
|
||
access their websites at
|
||
|
||
· Tadpole: http://www.tadpolecomputer.com/html/
|
||
|
||
· Nextcomputing: http://www.nextcomputing.com At least one of their
|
||
laptops, the NextBlade 150 is advertised as being capable to run
|
||
both Solaris and the RedHat GNU/Linux.
|
||
|
||
|
||
5. The wonderful SparcStation Voyager
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Nearly ten years ago in 1994, Sun microsystems introduced the
|
||
SPARCStation Voyager (ss240). This computer was a Sun4m architecture,
|
||
powered by a microSPARC II processor. It is a very compact computer,
|
||
behing a hybrid between a desktop and a Laptop. It has the footprint
|
||
of a very compact workstation with a builtin color LCD display, PCMCIA
|
||
and InfraRed ports with a 2"5 SCSI harddrive. I have seen one at the
|
||
CCC in Berlin, runing Debian GNU/Linux but the InfraRed and PCMCIA
|
||
ports are not supported. Its datasheet is actually very impressive:
|
||
|
||
|
||
· 60 Mhz microSPARC
|
||
|
||
· up to 80MB RAM
|
||
|
||
· up to 810MB fast SCSI 2 Harddrive
|
||
|
||
· 5.5 by 14.5 footprint
|
||
|
||
· 12" 1024x768x8 color LCD or 14" monochrome or 14" display in
|
||
1152x900
|
||
|
||
· Ethernet 10
|
||
display
|
||
|
||
· storage temperature -25C to 60C
|
||
|
||
· operating temperature 0C to 40C
|
||
|
||
More information about this computer can be found on Sun's website at:
|
||
|
||
http://sunsolve.sun.com/handbook_pub/Systems/SSVygr/SSVygr.html
|
||
|
||
6. Sun's Netra servers
|
||
|
||
GNU/Linux is known to run on the following systems:
|
||
|
||
· SBUS based Netra
|
||
|
||
· Netra i
|
||
|
||
· PCI based Netra
|
||
|
||
· Netra T
|
||
|
||
· Netra X1
|
||
|
||
Installation kernel images can be downloaded from
|
||
|
||
___________________________________________________________________
|
||
http://sunsite.ulatina.ac.cr/Unix/Linux/Splack/
|
||
sparc/splack-8.0/kernels/sun4u.s
|
||
___________________________________________________________________
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
7. Sun's Enterprise servers
|
||
|
||
GNU/Linux is known to run on the following systems:
|
||
|
||
|
||
· SBUS based servers
|
||
|
||
· Enterprise 1
|
||
|
||
· Enterprise 2
|
||
|
||
· Enterprise 150
|
||
|
||
· Enterprise 3000
|
||
|
||
· Enterprise 3500
|
||
|
||
· Enterprise 4000
|
||
|
||
· Enterprise 4500
|
||
|
||
· Enterprise 5000
|
||
|
||
· Enterprise 6000
|
||
|
||
· Enterprise 6500
|
||
|
||
· Enterprise 10000 (up to 64 CPUs can be fitted in this server. It
|
||
is nicknamed StarFire). More information about running a 2.6.x
|
||
GNU/Linux kernel on an E10k can be found on this page:
|
||
http://people.debian.org/~fabbione/e10k/debian_on_e10k.txt
|
||
|
||
As far as I know, Linux on these systems have been tested with up
|
||
to 24 CPUs
|
||
|
||
· PCI based servers
|
||
|
||
· Enterprise 250
|
||
|
||
· Enterprise 450
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
One of the locations installation kernel images can be downloaded
|
||
from is
|
||
|
||
___________________________________________________________________
|
||
http://sunsite.ulatina.ac.cr/Unix/Linux/Splack/
|
||
sparc/splack-8.0/kernels/sun4u.s
|
||
___________________________________________________________________
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
8. Tatung's Workstations
|
||
|
||
GNU Linux runs fine on these systems:
|
||
|
||
· COMPStation 5-110: This is a Sun's SparcStation 5 clone.
|
||
|
||
· COMPStation 10: This is a SparcStation 10 clone.
|
||
|
||
· COMPStation 20: This is a SparcStation 20 clone.
|
||
|
||
· COMPStation 40: This is a SparcStation clone.
|
||
|
||
· COMPStation U2: This is a dual 200Mhz UltraSPARC based worstation.
|
||
|
||
· COMPStation U10S: This is an 440Mhz UltraSPARC IIi based
|
||
workstation.
|
||
|
||
· COMPStation U100T: This is an 500Mhz UltraSPARC IIe based
|
||
workstation
|
||
|
||
9. Tatung's SPARC Servers
|
||
|
||
GNU/Linux runs on the following servers from this manufacturer:
|
||
|
||
· COMPServer 1U: TWS 1101R and TWS 1102R : These are single 500Mhz
|
||
UltraSPARC IIe servers.
|
||
|
||
· COMPServer 2U: TWS 1200R: This is a single 500Mhz UltraSPARC IIe
|
||
server.
|
||
|
||
· COMPServer U4MP: This is a quad 450/480 Mhz UltraSPARC II server.
|
||
|
||
· COMPServer U4MP-R: This is the rackable U4MP CompServer.
|
||
|
||
· COMPServer U60SR: This is a dual 450 Mhz UltraSPARC II rackable
|
||
Server.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
10. Fujitsu's supercomputers
|
||
|
||
At least one of their supercomputers, the AP1000+, runs GNU/Linux.
|
||
This is a distributed memory multi-computer. It is used in the CAP
|
||
program which is a collaborative research program between Fujitsu
|
||
Laboratories and the Australian National University. This computer
|
||
was used in the phase 1 of this project. They have managed to run
|
||
Linux on a 16 node computer with 16 MB ram per CPU module. More
|
||
information about this project can be found on this page:
|
||
http://cap.anu.edu.au/cap/projects/linux/
|
||
|
||
|
||
More information can be found about Fujitsu's offering on this page:
|
||
http://www.fujitsu.com/support/computing/server/unix/documents/
|
||
|
||
|
||
11. Linux on SPARC: 2 kernels.
|
||
|
||
Actually Linux on SPARC architecture comes in two flavors:
|
||
|
||
· A 32 bits kernel for the Sun SPARC, Super SPARC, Micro SPARC and
|
||
Hyper SPARC Processors.
|
||
|
||
· A 64 bits kernel for UltraSPARC based computers.
|
||
|
||
In both case most applications run in 32 bit ( 32 bit userland ).
|
||
There is a comprehensive FAQ on UltraLinux's website.
|
||
|
||
|
||
12. Choosing a distribution.
|
||
|
||
|
||
You are very lucky, it seems that you can pick the one you like. In
|
||
order to help you with this task here are some links, that should help
|
||
you to make an informed decision.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
12.1. Aurora SPARC Linux
|
||
|
||
This distribution is based on the RedHat 7.3 SPARC distribution. The
|
||
homepage is: http://www.auroralinux.org/ It is on the rise. There
|
||
exists 3 mailing lists. You can join them at
|
||
http://lists.auroralinux.org/mailman/listinfo
|
||
|
||
The latest version codenamed wombat can be downloaded on the
|
||
ftp://auroralinux.org/pub/aurora/build-1.91/ ftp site.
|
||
12.2. Debian GNU/Linux.
|
||
|
||
Debian GNU/Linux runs on SPARC platform; you can find a lot of
|
||
informations about this port at the http://www.debian.org/ports/sparc/
|
||
webpage
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
You can join the mailing list by sending a mail to < debian-sparc-
|
||
request@lists.debian.org > with subscribe as the subject.
|
||
|
||
|
||
12.3. Gentoo
|
||
|
||
|
||
This is a SPARC and SPARC64 distribution, more informations can be
|
||
found in the Gentoo handbook at
|
||
http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/draft/handbook-sparc.xml
|
||
|
||
|
||
12.4. PLD.
|
||
|
||
This distribution is based on the RedHat and is developed in Poland.
|
||
They do have a SPARC 32 port. More information can be found at their
|
||
homepage http://pld.org They also provide some mailing lists. More
|
||
information can be found there:
|
||
http://mail.pld.org.pl/mailman/listinfo/
|
||
|
||
|
||
12.5. RedHat Linux.
|
||
|
||
|
||
The latest RedHat Linux distribution for the SPARC architecture is the
|
||
6.2; you can download it at
|
||
http://www.linuxiso.org/download.php/243/zoot-sparc.iso for example.
|
||
|
||
There exists a mailing list about Linux and RedHat on SPARC
|
||
Processors, you can access it there:
|
||
http://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/sparc-list
|
||
|
||
|
||
12.6. Slackware
|
||
|
||
|
||
There exists a port for the SPARC architecture, more information is
|
||
available at http://www.slackware.com/ports/sparc/
|
||
|
||
|
||
12.7. SLXT
|
||
|
||
|
||
Actually, the SPARC-Linux Xterminal Package is not a distribution, it
|
||
is a way to use a diskless SPARCStation as an X terminal. This is a a
|
||
very convenient package. More information can be found at
|
||
http://www.pucebaboon.com/SLXT/
|
||
|
||
|
||
12.8. Linux Terminal Server Project
|
||
|
||
|
||
The Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP) is a convenient way to turn a
|
||
SPARC or an Ultra SPARC workstation into a diskless workstation. The
|
||
project's homepage is http://www.ltsp.org/
|
||
|
||
Step by step instruction to setup a client on an Ultra SPARC can be
|
||
found at the following website: http://math.univ-lille1.fr/ltsp-sparc/
|
||
12.9. SplackLinux
|
||
|
||
|
||
It is meant to be Slackware Compatible for SPARC. Its homepage is
|
||
http://sourceforge.net/projects/splack
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
12.10. SuSE Linux.
|
||
|
||
|
||
The SuSE Linux 7.3 distribution is quite complete, you have 5 ISOs to
|
||
download. You can grab it at the following URL:
|
||
ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/suse/sparc
|
||
|
||
In the subdirectories you will also find bonus software such as KDE
|
||
libraries and programms.
|
||
|
||
There is a mirror site located in Germany:
|
||
ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/suse/ And, there are some extra files on
|
||
the SuSE's server. You can join the mailing list by sending a blank
|
||
mail to < suse-sparc-subscribe@suse.com > More information can be
|
||
found at: http://www.suse.com
|
||
|
||
|
||
12.11. Vine Linux
|
||
|
||
|
||
This is a Japanese distribution and there exist a SPARC port. It is
|
||
an rpm based distribution. From the documentation, it supports both
|
||
SPARC 32 and SPARC 64. The documentation (in Japanese ;-) ) can be
|
||
read online at http://www.vinelinux.org/sparc/2.1.5/install-vine-
|
||
sparc-2.1.5.html
|
||
|
||
|
||
13. Installing Linux
|
||
|
||
|
||
To install Linux on a SPARC based computer, should be strightforward
|
||
if you follow the informations provided by your distribution.
|
||
|
||
To boot from a floppy drive you have to have an install image on a
|
||
floppy disk and to issue the boot floppy from the OpenBoot.
|
||
|
||
If your computer does not have a CDROM or a floppy drive, you can
|
||
always try to perform a network installation using NFS as explained by
|
||
this French document: http://www.linux-
|
||
france.org/article/materiel/sparc-install/Sparc-netinstall.html .
|
||
Basicaly, you have to set up an NFS server and to boot your computer
|
||
using the boot net vmlinux nfsroot=192.168.52.12:/tmp in order to
|
||
access the image that is exported by the 192.168.52.12 computer on the
|
||
/tmp directory. Another source of information, this one is written in
|
||
English, is this FAQ from the UltraLinux website (
|
||
http://www.ultralinux.org/faq.html#q_5_9 )
|
||
|
||
|
||
14. Working with the Openboot.
|
||
|
||
In this section, you will be given an overview of what is the
|
||
OpenBoot, and you will be given the main commands you need to know in
|
||
order to test your hardware and to install Linux.
|
||
|
||
14.1. What is the OpenBoot?
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
If you are used to PC hardware, you are used to interact with its
|
||
BIOS. SPARC computers have an Openboot, it may seem to be like your
|
||
BIOS, but it is actually far more powerfull. The Openboot performs
|
||
the following tasks:
|
||
|
||
· Testing and initializing the hardware.
|
||
|
||
· Starting the operating System.
|
||
|
||
· Giving you acces to a set of tools to program and to debug it.
|
||
|
||
The programming language is FCode, if you can program the Forth
|
||
langage, you can program it.
|
||
|
||
In this section, we will juste use a small set of the OpenBoot's
|
||
capabilities, in order to test hardware and to boot the system. First
|
||
you have to enter in the OpenBoot, just hit the stop and a keys
|
||
simultaneously. Then you should see a ok prompt, if instead you see
|
||
the > prompt then type n. Now you can proceed to the next section.
|
||
|
||
|
||
14.2. Diagnostics commands.
|
||
|
||
The OpenBoot, gives you a lot of commands to test and to gather
|
||
information about your hardware.
|
||
|
||
· .version Displays version and date of the startup PROM.
|
||
|
||
· banner You will see the banner, that is displayed at power-on. It
|
||
is useful to gather some data about CPUs.
|
||
|
||
· pcia-probe-list Test PCI on computers that have a PCI bus.
|
||
|
||
· module-info This will display the Buses clockspeed, and processors
|
||
frequency and amount of cache.
|
||
|
||
· probe-scsi This will test all devices connected to the on board
|
||
SCSI controler.
|
||
|
||
· probe-scsi-all This will test all devices connected to all the SCSI
|
||
controlers.
|
||
|
||
· show-devs This displays all installed and probed devices.
|
||
|
||
· show-sbus Use this, if you just want to display a list of installed
|
||
and probed SBus devices.
|
||
|
||
· test-all This will test all devices in the system that have a self
|
||
test program.
|
||
|
||
· test floppy If a floppy drive is installed, it will test it
|
||
reminding you to have a formated floppy disk inside.
|
||
|
||
· test-memory If the system diag-switch? is set to true, this will
|
||
test the memory.
|
||
|
||
· test net This will test the network interfaces
|
||
|
||
· watch-aui This will test the AUI ethernet link. You will see '.'
|
||
for good packets and 'X" for bad ones. Strike any key to abort.
|
||
|
||
· watch-clock This will test the real time clock chip, it will tick
|
||
once a second. To stop this test strike any key.
|
||
|
||
· watch-net This will check the network connection ( both AUI and TP
|
||
). You will see '.' for good packets and 'X" for bad ones. Strike
|
||
any key to abort.
|
||
|
||
· watch-net-all This will test all Ethernet interfaces. You will see
|
||
'.' for good packets and 'X" for bad ones. Strike any key to abort.
|
||
When you abort one, it will test the next one.
|
||
|
||
· watch-tpe This will check the TPE ethernet interface. You will see
|
||
'.' for good packets and 'X" for bad ones. Strike any key to abort.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
14.3. Boot commands.
|
||
|
||
The OpenBoot allows you to boot from various devices, the command you
|
||
are the more likely to enter are below.
|
||
|
||
· boot Boot kernel from default device.
|
||
|
||
· boot cdrom Boot kernel from CDROM drive.
|
||
|
||
· boot net-tpe Boot kernel from network urnel from CDROM drive, this
|
||
is the command you are the more likely to type when installing
|
||
Linux.
|
||
|
||
· boot net Boot kernel from network using auto-selected interface.
|
||
|
||
· boot net-aui Boot kernel from network using AUI interface.
|
||
|
||
· boot net-tpe Boot kernel from network using TPE interface.
|
||
|
||
· boot tape Boot default file from tape.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
14.4. Misc commands.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
· eject-floppy Ejects the floppy.
|
||
|
||
· power-off Poweroff the computer.
|
||
|
||
You can poweroff your computer, when you are working with the
|
||
OpenBoot : just type power-off
|
||
|
||
For more informations on the OpenBoot you can read this FAQ at
|
||
http://www.itworld.com/AppDev/616/UIR951001openboot/
|
||
|
||
15. Hard drive buses.
|
||
|
||
Depending on their architecture, the computers are likely to feature
|
||
one of the following hard drive buses.
|
||
|
||
|
||
15.1. SCSI-SCA.
|
||
|
||
An SCSI connector is located at the rear of the Computer; the SCA
|
||
chanel is found on the internal bus of the SPARC Worstation. It can be
|
||
basicaly seen as an SCSI bus that provides power supply and assigns
|
||
SCSI ID to the peripherals.
|
||
|
||
|
||
15.2. EIDE.
|
||
|
||
This is found for example in an Ultra 5 or Ultra 10 computers This bus
|
||
is the one you can find in your intel box.
|
||
15.3. FC-AL
|
||
|
||
This is the FiberChannel bus. It is used by the SunBlade 1000
|
||
workstation.
|
||
|
||
|
||
16. CDROM: specific settings.
|
||
|
||
The easiest way to install linux on SPARC computer is to use a CDROM.
|
||
If your computer does not have a CDROM you can plug an external SCSI
|
||
CDROM drive, but there are two things to do or you are doomed to fail:
|
||
|
||
· When you issue the boot cdrom command, the CDROM is mapped to ID
|
||
number 6.
|
||
|
||
· Your CDROM player's block size should be setted up on 512.
|
||
|
||
As a rule of thumb, nearly all SCSI CDROM drives can be assigned to
|
||
ID number 6 but you should check if the block size setting can be
|
||
changed.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
17. SILO.
|
||
|
||
The Sparc Improved Boot LOader ( SILO ), is the boot loader that is
|
||
used in the SPARC architecture. It allows you to boot Linux, Solaris
|
||
or SunOS. It can load a Linux kernel from ext2, iso9660, UFS or ROMFS.
|
||
From the SILO's README:
|
||
|
||
This is the first attempt at a complete boot loader for Linux on the
|
||
Sparc. Because of the lack of space on the bootblock, we have to do
|
||
it in two steps, the first step is a very simple loader based on Peter
|
||
Zaitcev's silo (we will call this the first stage loader) which should
|
||
fit in 512B and its sole purpose is to load a more complete bootstrap
|
||
loader, herein refered to as the second stage boot loader. The cool
|
||
thing about the second stage loader we implemented is that it makes
|
||
use of the ext2 library (provided with the ext2fs tools) and some ufs
|
||
code, and thus allows the loader to access any file on a ext2 fs and
|
||
ufs, uses silo.conf, handles gunzipping and a lot of other things.
|
||
This is different from Linux/i386 lilo which needs a map for each
|
||
kernel. In silo we just keep one map file for the second stage loader,
|
||
we don't expect you to be changing the second stage loader on your
|
||
daily routine (you can do so, you will just need to use a tool to
|
||
reinstall the maps).
|
||
|
||
Actually, IMHO it is easier to use than LILO.
|
||
|
||
|
||
18. Compiling a kernel
|
||
|
||
If you have already compiled a kernel on x86 architecture there is
|
||
just a little difference when you wish to compile a kernel on SPARC
|
||
architecture.
|
||
|
||
you do not type
|
||
|
||
______________________________________________________________________
|
||
#make zImage
|
||
#make modules
|
||
#make modules_install
|
||
______________________________________________________________________
|
||
|
||
|
||
but
|
||
|
||
______________________________________________________________________
|
||
#make vmlinux
|
||
#make modules
|
||
#make modules_install
|
||
______________________________________________________________________
|
||
|
||
|
||
More information can be found on http://www.ultralinux.org/faq.html
|
||
Then, from the Ultralinux's FAQ the following steps are :
|
||
|
||
· 1.Copy linux/System.map to your bootfile directory (eg. /boot), and
|
||
rename this file to
|
||
|
||
___________________________________________________________________
|
||
System.map-<kernel-version>
|
||
___________________________________________________________________
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
· 2.Copy linux/vmlinux to your bootfile directory, and rename this
|
||
file to
|
||
|
||
___________________________________________________________________
|
||
vmlinux-<kernel-version>
|
||
___________________________________________________________________
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
· 3.Edit /etc/silo.conf, and add your new kernel to this file.
|
||
|
||
· 4.Reboot your machine.
|
||
|
||
If you have trouble compiling your kernel, maybe it needs to be
|
||
pached. There are many patches floating around on the net. There
|
||
exists a website that put some of them online on a regular basis both
|
||
for the stable and unstable branches, up to the 2.6.x kernel series.
|
||
Those patches apply to the hardware used by the site's owner and this
|
||
should be considered as a very good starting point to be adapted to
|
||
your hardware. More information can be found at
|
||
http://osinvestor.com/sparc/ You can also email the site's owner, Rob
|
||
Radez : <rob@osinvestor.com> If you are unfamiliar with paches he also
|
||
made them available as debian packages.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
19. Keyboard and mouse.
|
||
|
||
Most of the sun4m workstation have a special connector for the
|
||
keyboard. In this case the mouse is connected indifferently to left or
|
||
the right side of the keyboard. Some computers have a PS2 connector,
|
||
it is very easy to spot the difference. The keyboards you are the
|
||
more likely to encounter are the type4 and type5.
|
||
|
||
|
||
At the time of this writting, I didn't manage to have mouse support on
|
||
the Sun Blade 100. Things should become easier in the near future.
|
||
|
||
|
||
20. X Window.
|
||
|
||
|
||
XFree, usually, runs fine on theses systems. The table below helps
|
||
you choose the XFree86 4.2.0 server that matches your graphic adapter:
|
||
|
||
|
||
______________________________________________________________________
|
||
|
||
Graphic Adapter Xserver
|
||
|
||
Sun Creator 3D sunffb
|
||
Sun Elite 3D sunffb
|
||
Sun GX suncg6
|
||
Sun Leo (ZX) sunleo
|
||
Sun TCX suntcx
|
||
Sun Turbo GX suncg6
|
||
Sun bw2 sunbw2
|
||
Sun cg14 suncg14
|
||
Sun cg3 suncg3
|
||
______________________________________________________________________
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
There is a catch with the 13W3 video connector that equips some of
|
||
the framebuffers you may encounter. One may try to plug it on a VGA
|
||
monitor using an 13W3 to VGA adaptor that is sold on the market. The
|
||
problem is that SGI and Sun Microsystems do not have the same
|
||
definition of this standard and depending of the adapter you buy, this
|
||
may work or not (you know Murphy ...). As a rule, idealy you should
|
||
try it before you buy.
|
||
|
||
|
||
21. SMP.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Ouaich, SMP is supported, and I am sure that ROSS's dual CPU modules
|
||
are supported as you can see by yourself:
|
||
|
||
|
||
______________________________________________________________________
|
||
|
||
piou@ywing:~ > cat /proc/cpuinfo
|
||
cpu : ROSS HyperSparc RT625 or RT626
|
||
fpu : ROSS HyperSparc combined IU/FPU
|
||
promlib : Version 3 Revision 2
|
||
prom : 2.25
|
||
type : sun4m
|
||
ncpus probed : 2
|
||
ncpus active : 2
|
||
Cpu0Bogo : 125.33
|
||
Cpu1Bogo : 125.33
|
||
MMU type : ROSS HyperSparc
|
||
invall : 0
|
||
invmm : 0
|
||
invrnge : 0
|
||
invpg : 0
|
||
contexts : 4096
|
||
CPU0 : online
|
||
CPU1 : online
|
||
piou@ywing:~ >
|
||
______________________________________________________________________
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
The SparcStation 10 and SparcStations 20 are SMP capable computers and
|
||
according to the FAQABOSS the following combinations are known to work
|
||
:
|
||
|
||
· 2xSM40 ( model 402 )
|
||
|
||
|
||
· 2xSM41 ( model 412 )
|
||
|
||
· 2xSM51 ( model 512 )
|
||
|
||
· 2xSM512 ( model 514 )
|
||
|
||
· 2xSM61 ( model 612 )
|
||
|
||
· 2xSM71 ( model 712 )
|
||
|
||
· 2xSM81 ( model 812 )
|
||
|
||
And, as stated earlier, CPU modules in SparcStations 10 and can run a
|
||
different clock speeds, the following ones __SHOULD__ work:
|
||
|
||
|
||
· 2xSM50
|
||
|
||
· SM41, SM51
|
||
|
||
· SM41, SM61
|
||
|
||
· SM51, SM61
|
||
|
||
· SM71, SM81
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
How does it performs? Well, it is fast, really fast. Some of the java
|
||
Demos can run faster on a dual HyperSparc 125Mhz 128MB ( ywing ) than
|
||
on a dual celeron BP6 433@433Mhz 192MB ( calimero ). The same applies
|
||
for the Gimp. When it comes to compiling calimero runs faster than
|
||
ywing. Both computers running 2.2.16 kernel and calimero's hard disk
|
||
subsystem is full SCSI.
|
||
|
||
One important detail when you plan to have different CPU modules in
|
||
your computer is to have the same kind of modules, you cannot mix
|
||
SuperSparc and HyperSparc for example, but you can have an odd number
|
||
of CPUs, for example 3. They are said to be able to run modules at
|
||
different clock speed as written in this article form AcesHardware ,
|
||
but I have not witnessed it.
|
||
|
||
ywing has been upgraded to quad-CPU. You can read the kernel's
|
||
message:
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
______________________________________________________________________
|
||
cpu : ROSS HyperSparc RT625 or RT626
|
||
fpu : ROSS HyperSparc combined IU/FPU
|
||
promlib : Version 3 Revision 2
|
||
prom : 2.25
|
||
type : sun4m
|
||
ncpus probed : 4
|
||
ncpus active : 4
|
||
Cpu0Bogo : 125.33
|
||
Cpu1Bogo : 125.33
|
||
Cpu2Bogo : 125.33
|
||
Cpu3Bogo : 125.33
|
||
MMU type : ROSS HyperSparc
|
||
invall : 0
|
||
invmm : 0
|
||
invrnge : 0
|
||
invpg : 0
|
||
contexts : 4096
|
||
CPU0 : online
|
||
CPU1 : online
|
||
CPU2 : online
|
||
CPU3 : online
|
||
______________________________________________________________________
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
and its main memory is now 256MB:
|
||
|
||
|
||
______________________________________________________________________
|
||
total: used: free: shared: buffers: cached:
|
||
Mem: 263028736 29114368 233914368 22958080 1695744 12779520
|
||
Swap: 133849088 0 133849088
|
||
MemTotal: 256864 kB
|
||
MemFree: 228432 kB
|
||
MemShared: 22420 kB
|
||
Buffers: 1656 kB
|
||
Cached: 12480 kB
|
||
BigTotal: 0 kB
|
||
BigFree: 0 kB
|
||
SwapTotal: 130712 kB
|
||
SwapFree: 130712 kB
|
||
______________________________________________________________________
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
So I have performed an empirical proftpd compilation test using the
|
||
make -JN. The results are:
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
______________________________________________________________________
|
||
with make
|
||
real 3m27.466s
|
||
user 3m15.670s
|
||
sys 0m12.030s
|
||
|
||
with make -j2
|
||
|
||
real 1m52.670s
|
||
user 3m27.210s
|
||
sys 0m15.310s
|
||
|
||
with make -j3
|
||
|
||
real 1m22.560s
|
||
user 3m43.910s
|
||
sys 0m18.070s
|
||
|
||
with make -j4
|
||
real 1m13.582s
|
||
user 4m2.200s
|
||
sys 0m22.830s
|
||
|
||
with make -j5
|
||
real 1m13.445s
|
||
user 4m4.060s
|
||
sys 0m22.640s
|
||
|
||
with make -j8
|
||
|
||
real 1m15.550s
|
||
user 4m1.840s
|
||
sys 0m22.960s
|
||
|
||
with make -j 10
|
||
real 1m20.091s
|
||
user 4m2.440s
|
||
sys 0m22.170s
|
||
______________________________________________________________________
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
As expected the best results are with make -j5 ( one instance per CPU
|
||
+ one ready to enter when a cache miss occurs ); then N increasing the
|
||
results are starting to worsen.
|
||
|
||
As a conclusion, those sun4m SMP systems will be very interesting when
|
||
Gimp 2.0 will be available because of multitreading and paralelization
|
||
of algorithms.
|
||
|
||
If you want to learn more about SMP and Linux you can read the SMP-
|
||
HOWTO http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/SMP-HOWTO.html
|
||
|
||
|
||
22. The sound.
|
||
|
||
The sound works fine on my SparcStation 20 and a 2.4.x kernel series.
|
||
Most of the people I know report succes with the 2.4 kernel series.
|
||
|
||
|
||
If you plan to use an older kernel, you can read the Linux/Sparc audio
|
||
webpage at sparcaudio which is a very good source of information about
|
||
Sound support on Sun's SparcStations.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
23. Serial port.
|
||
|
||
Sun workstations ususaly have 2 serial ports, but on sun4m workstation
|
||
there is usualy only one serial connector at the rear, you need a
|
||
special Y cable in order to have access to both ports.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
24. Ressources.
|
||
|
||
|
||
The following sites are given for your information, I am independent
|
||
from them and does not represent them. If you would like to suggest a
|
||
website or to add any information do not hesitate to email me.
|
||
|
||
|
||
24.1. Information sites.
|
||
|
||
|
||
· Ace's Hardware: http://www.aceshardware.com/ An hardware
|
||
information site having a SPARC area, actually the whole site used
|
||
to run on a SparcStation 20 SM71, 128MB ! Ouaich, definitively not
|
||
an Intel clone running Windows NTM.
|
||
|
||
· ArsTechnica: http://arstechnica.com/cpu/index.html ArsTechnica is
|
||
an information website with a good CPU section.
|
||
|
||
· Black-Cube: http://www.black-cube.net/Sun/ Pictures of various
|
||
SPARC hardware : IMHO great site.
|
||
|
||
· LinuxDoc: http://www.tldp.org homesite of the LDP.
|
||
|
||
· Obsolyte: http://www.obsolyte.com/sunPICS/ Nice pictures from
|
||
various sun Hardware.
|
||
|
||
· SPARC International, Inc. http://www.sparc.org/ As the name
|
||
implies, a lot of information about SPARC architecture.
|
||
|
||
· Sun: http://docs.sun.com/ the starting node to access documentation
|
||
on Sun Microsystems website.
|
||
|
||
· Sun's Linux webpage.
|
||
|
||
___________________________________________________________________
|
||
http://wwws.sun.com/software/linux/compatibility/ultralinux/index.html
|
||
___________________________________________________________________
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
· SunHelp: http://sunhelp.org A good source of information about Sun
|
||
Hardware and Solaris OS. Has a lot of links and good documentation
|
||
on site.
|
||
|
||
· Just the Facts:
|
||
http://sunsite.ualberta.ca/Sun_Resources/Just_The_Facts/JTF.html
|
||
plenty of "Just the facts" documents in .ps format.
|
||
|
||
· UltraLinux: http://www.ultralinux.org/ If you need information
|
||
about the Linux Kernel on SPARC architecture it is a very good
|
||
place: "Bring your penguin into the Sun".
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
24.2. Auction sites.
|
||
|
||
Among the various Auction websites available on the net you can try
|
||
theses ones. Remember to be very cautious when you purchase hardware (
|
||
see the Buying a SPARC computer section. )
|
||
|
||
|
||
· Ebay: http://www.ebay.com Ebay, and its regional sites have got a
|
||
lot of Computers.
|
||
|
||
· Yahoo! Auctions: http://auctions.yahoo.com/ This is the well known
|
||
site.
|
||
|
||
|
||
24.3. A Good Provider based in France
|
||
|
||
There exists a very reliable source of used Sun workstations in
|
||
France: solutions-rl
|
||
|
||
http://www.solutions-rl.fr
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
25. Thanks and Credits.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
25.1. Thanks.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Among the many people who showed me how great Unix and the Unix
|
||
computers can be, some people have earned a special place I would like
|
||
to thank them:
|
||
|
||
|
||
· My "Vieux matou" Michel Fiolet. Who gave me my first acount on a
|
||
real Unix machine, and took the time to answer my questions,
|
||
showing me among other things how to take advantage of the
|
||
hardware's feature.
|
||
|
||
· Nathalie Sabbah. Who was always able to guess at the speed of light
|
||
what went wrong and fixed it on the fly. And took time to install
|
||
the tools I needed.
|
||
|
||
· Yves Daignaux. Who among other things always welcomed my questions,
|
||
and whose office was always open even late in the evening.
|
||
|
||
Both of them beeing real Sysadmin and teachers from the trenches,
|
||
have a very deep knowledge and understanding of both the Hardware
|
||
and Software.
|
||
|
||
Also many thanks to "old crocodile" virgile for the time he spent at
|
||
the library helping me to get the big picture.
|
||
|
||
|
||
25.2. Credits.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Some people gave a lot of time and ressource to help me with this
|
||
project, hereafeter is their names sorted by alphabetic order:
|
||
|
||
|
||
· <babyworm@atlas.korea.ac.kr> provides a translation into the Korean
|
||
Language.
|
||
|
||
26. Copyright, Disclaimer and Trademarks
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
26.1. Copyright.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Copyright © 2000-2004 by Lionel, trollhunter Bouchpan-Lerust-Juéry.
|
||
This document may be distributed under the terms set forth in the GNU
|
||
Free Documentation Licence http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.txt
|
||
<http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.txt> .
|
||
|
||
This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
||
but without any warranty. The information in this document is correct
|
||
to the best of my knowledge, but there's a always a chance I've made
|
||
some mistakes, so don't follow everything too blindly, especially if
|
||
it seems wrong. Nothing here should have a detrimental effect on your
|
||
computer, but just in case I take no responsibility for any damages
|
||
ocurred from the use of the information contained herein.
|
||
|
||
In this document you will encounter some commercial products and
|
||
brands. Theses products are cited for information purpose, it is not
|
||
an endorsement from the author. The trademarks belong to their
|
||
respective owners.
|
||
|
||
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
||
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
|
||
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
|
||
Invariant Sections being : "Copyright, Disclaimer and Trademarks"
|
||
"Preface.", "SPARC, which one ?", "Buying a SPARC computer.", "SPARC
|
||
based laptops", "The wonderful SparcStation Voyager", "Sun's Netra
|
||
servers", "Sun's Enterprise servers", "Tatung's Workstations",
|
||
"Tatung's SPARC servers", "Fujitsu's supercomputers", "Linux on SPARC:
|
||
2 kernels.", "Choosing a distribution.", "Installing Linux.", "Working
|
||
with the Openboot.", "Hard drive buses.", "CDROM: specific
|
||
settings.quot;, "SILO.", "Keyboard and mouse.", "X Window.", "SMP.",
|
||
"The sound.", "Serial port.", "Ressources.", "Thanks and Credits.",
|
||
"Revision History.",
|
||
|
||
, with the Front-Cover Texts being "title" and "abstract." , and with
|
||
no Back-Cover Texts .
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
26.2. Administrativia.
|
||
|
||
|
||
This text is included in the Linux Documentation Project
|
||
http://tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/howtos.html .
|
||
|
||
|
||
If you wish to mirror it or to translate it, please contact me.
|
||
|
||
Lionel, Trollhunter Bouchpan-Lerust-Juéry <trollhunter@linuxfr.org> or
|
||
at <trollhunter@free.fr>
|
||
|
||
|
||
27. Revision History.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
· August 2004. v0.0.7
|
||
|
||
· Some minor spellchecking and modifications/updates in various
|
||
sections
|
||
· Linux Terminal Server Project section added
|
||
|
||
· October 2003. v0.0.5
|
||
|
||
· Korean Tranlation.
|
||
|
||
· Spellchecking.
|
||
|
||
· ERC32 and LEON processors added.
|
||
|
||
· SPARC64 V processor added
|
||
|
||
· SPARC based laptops added.
|
||
|
||
· The wonderful SparcStation Voyager added.
|
||
|
||
· Sun's Netra servers added.
|
||
|
||
· Sun's Enterprise servers added.
|
||
|
||
· Installing Linux section started.
|
||
|
||
· Tatung's Workstations added.
|
||
|
||
· Tatung's SPARC servers added.
|
||
|
||
· Fujitsu's supercomputers added.
|
||
|
||
· The Hard Drive buses section rewritten.
|
||
|
||
· The XWindow section expanded.
|
||
|
||
· The credits section added.
|
||
|
||
· Kernel compiling added.
|
||
|
||
· Modifications to other sections.
|
||
|
||
· November 2000. v0.0.3
|
||
|
||
· November 2000. First release v0.0.1
|
||
|
||
|
||
|