833 lines
40 KiB
Plaintext
833 lines
40 KiB
Plaintext
Installing Emacspeak HOWTO
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Jennifer Jobst
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James Van Zandt
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jrv@vanzandt.mv.com
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Revision History
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Revision 1.1 July 23, 2002 Revised by: SDS
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Updated the maintainer of this document to Sharon Snider, corrected links,
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and converted to XML.
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Revision 1.0 December 4, 2001 Revised by: JEJ
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First release
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Revision 1.0 DRAFT November 9, 2001 Revised by: JEJ
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DRAFT
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Revision Emacspeak HOWTO 1996-2001 Revised by: JVZ
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Previously, this document was known as the Emacspeak HOWTO, and was written
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and maintained by Mr. James Van Zandt.
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This document contains the installation instructions for the Emacspeak audio
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desktop application for Linux.
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Please send any comments, or contributions via e-mail to [mailto:
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snidersd@us.ibm.com] Sharon Snider. This document will be updated regularly
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with new contributions and suggestions.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Table of Contents
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1. Legal Notice
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2. Introduction
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3. Documentation Conventions
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4. Requirements
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4.1. Linux Distributions
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4.2. Emacs
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4.3. Background applications
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4.4. Speech Synthesizers
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5. Installing Emacspeak
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6. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
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7. Additional resources
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8. Appendix A: Installing Linux from a DOS machine
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8.1. Requirments
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8.2. Connecting the computers
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8.3. Installation
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9. Appendix B: Installing ViaVoice TTS
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9.1. Downloading ViaVoice
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9.2. Installing ViaVoice RTK
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9.3. Installing ViaVoice SDK
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9.4. Testing the installation
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10. Acknowledgments
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1. Legal Notice
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This document is Copyright © 2001 IBM. Permission is granted to copy,
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distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free
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Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free
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Software Foundation with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no
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Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license can be found at [http://www.gnu.org/
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license/fdl.txt] http://www.gnu.org/license/fdl.txt.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2. Introduction
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Emacspeak is a Linux application that allows users to get synthesized speech
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output inside the Emacs desktop environment. Because Emacspeak is actually
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integrated into the Emacs environment (instead of just running "on top" of an
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environment like most screen readers), Emacspeak provides much more
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context-specific information than its commercial screen reader counterparts.
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In this sense, Emacspeak is not a "screen reader," but rather a subsystem of
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Emacs that produces speech output.
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Although Emacspeak only works inside Emacs, there are a large number of both
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built-in and add-on applications for Emacs that do everything from keeping
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track of your appointments to playing CDs to coding HTML. In addition, Emacs
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has a special command shell mode that can be used to run any command-line
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application.
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This HOWTO focuses on installing Emacspeak on your Linux system. It does not
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discuss how to actually use Emacs or Emacspeak - for information on usage,
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refer to the Emacspeak User's Guide, available at [http://www.tldp.org/
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guides.html#espk] http://www.tldp.org/guides.html#espk.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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3. Documentation Conventions
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As per the LDP Author Guide, this HOWTO uses the following documentation
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conventions:
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File Names: file.extension
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Commands to be typed: command
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Command prompt: > (unless otherwise specified)
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4. Requirements
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There are a number of things you must have before you install Emacspeak,
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including Linux, a Linux-compatible sound card, Emacs, and a hardware or
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software speech synthesizer. You should read this section carefully before
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installing Emacspeak, because Emacspeak will not function correctly if any of
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the requirements are missing.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4.1. Linux Distributions
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This HOWTO assumes that you have already installed Linux on your system. If
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not, you may wish to refer to the "Linux Information Sheet" by Michael K.
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Johnson a [http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/INFO-SHEET.html] http://
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www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/INFO-SHEET.html. It provides an introduction to Linux,
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discusses some hardware requirements, and also has a section on how to obtain
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Linux.
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There are a number of different Linux distributions (distros) that you can
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choose from. All of the distros are based upon the same basic Linux code, or
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kernel, but each distro has a different installation process, features, and
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support options. Martin Wheeler's "Distributions HOWTO," at [http://
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www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Distributions-HOWTO/index.html] http://
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www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Distributions-HOWTO/index.html, discusses the pros and
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cons of a number of Linux distros. You can also find information about each
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distribution on their respective web sites. Those distros known to support
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Emacspeak are listed below with their URLs:
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* Debian Linux - [http://www.debian.org] http://www.debian.org
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* Mandrake Linux - [http://www.mandrakelinux.com/en/] http://
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www.mandrakelinux.com/en/
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* Red Hat Linux - [http://www.redhat.com] http://www.redhat.com
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* Slackware Linux - [http://www.slackware.com] http://www.slackware.com
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* SuSE Linux - [http://www.suse.com] http://www.suse.com
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* TurboLinux - [http://www.turbolinux.com] http://www.turbolinux.com
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All of the distributions listed above can be downloaded free of charge from
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their respective web sites. However, the downloads are quite large, so you'll
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need a fast Internet connection. You will also need access to a CD burner, to
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burn your own CDs from the images you download. Depending on the
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distribution, you may also have to download and make a boot floppy. Once you
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have burned the CDs and created the boot floppy, you can install Linux.
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Alternatively, you can purchase the disks at your local computer store for
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between $30 and $80 US. Both of these options are discussed at length in the
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Linux Installation HOWTO at [http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Installation-HOWTO
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/overview.html] http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Installation-HOWTO/
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overview.html, so you may want to refer there before making a decision as to
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which route to take.
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Most methods of installation require sighted assistance. However, if you
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prefer to install Linux yourself, there are two options. The first is to
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install Linux from a DOS machine running JAWS. This option requires two
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machines, a null modem cable, JAWS for DOS, and a hardware speech
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synthesizer. More information on this option can be found in, Appendix A. The
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second option is installing one of the distributions that includes a Speakup
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kernel patch. This option requires a Speakup-enabled distro and a hardware
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synthesizer. Speakup is a screen reader that is patched into the kernel, so
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it starts talking at boot and will speak during the entire installation.
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Currently, Speakup is supported on Debian, Red Hat 7.1, and Slackware. The
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Speakup option also requires you to download the CD images and make your own
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CDs. Refer to the Speakup home page at [http://www.linux-speakup.org] http://
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www.linux-speakup.org for instructions for this option.
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For assistance with installing Linux, Eric Raymond's Linux Installation
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HOWTO, at [http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Installation-HOWTO] http://
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www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Installation-HOWTO, is highly recommended reading. In
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the HOWTO, Eric discusses hardware requirements, choosing a distro, and
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installing your distro of choice. If Eric's HOWTO does not provide enough
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installation-specific information, you can refer to the documentation
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specific to your distribution, available at the URLs given in the distro
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list.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4.2. Emacs
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Because Emacspeak is an Emacs subsystem, you must have Emacs installed for
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Emacspeak to work. Most distributions include Emacs by default, so it should
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be installed on your system when you install Linux.
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If you do not have Emacs on your system or you want to check on the latest
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version of Emacs, refer to the Emacs homepage at [http://www.gnu.org/software
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/emacs/emacs.html] http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/emacs.html. If you
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install Emacs on your own or choose to upgrade, be sure to install all of
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Emacs, including both the X and non-X versions (even if you do not plan to
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use X). Some Emacs applications depend on packages included in the X version,
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even if you use those applications in the non-X version of Emacs.
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If you would like to learn more about Emacs and how to use it, an excellent
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place to start is the Emacs Beginner's HOWTO, by Jeremy D. Zawondy. It's
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available at [http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Emacs-Beginner-HOWTO.html] http:/
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/www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Emacs-Beginner-HOWTO.html. There is also an online
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manual available at [http://www.gnu.org/manual/emacs/index.html] http://
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www.gnu.org/manual/emacs/index.html. Alternatively, you can try the built-in
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Emacs tutorial. To start the tutorial, type C-h t.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4.3. Background applications
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Emacspeak depends on a number of applications. Because each Linux
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distribution comes with different applications, you may find that your distro
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does not quite have everything that Emacspeak needs to run properly.
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Therefore, before you install anything else, it is important to make sure you
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have all the necessary applications, as listed below.
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* Tk, Tcl, and Tclx: Check to make sure you have these applications. If
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not, download and install the following rpms from [http://
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www.rpmfind.net] http://www.rpmfind.net: tcl-8.3.2-7mdk, tk-8.3.2-7mdk,
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and tclx-8.3.2-7mdk.
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* Lesstif: If you want to run the Graphical User Interface (GUI) versions
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of the ViaVoice sample programs, you'll need these packages. For
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Emacspeak, the Lesstif packages are only useful if you're running
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Xwindows, or if you want to use the GUI tools.
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Lesstif can be downloaded from either the Lesstif home page [http://
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www.lesstif.org] http://www.lesstif.org or Sourceforge [http://
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sourceforge.net/projects/lesstif] http://sourceforge.net/projects/
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lesstif. Currently, the latest release of Lesstif is version 0.93.14;
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however, Marty Moore recommends using the 0.92.32 version. You can either
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download the gzipped tarball that contains all the necessary files or
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download the three individual packages (lesstif-mwm-0.92.32-1.i386.rpm,
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lesstif-clients-0.92.32-1.i386.rpm, and
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lesstif-devel-0.92.32-1.i386.rpm). If you choose to use the three
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individual files, be sure to use the --nodeps option when you unpack the
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RPMs to avoid dependancy errors.
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* sndconfig: You will need to run this application from the command line to
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configure your sound card. At the command prompt, type sndconfig and
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follow the instructions.
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If your sound card is not recognized by sndconfig, refer to,
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Troubleshooting, for more information.
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* stdiom: This package is only necessary if you are using ViaVoice as your
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synthesizer, or if you want to use auditory icons, and your sound card is
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not a multi-channel card.
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For information on auditory icons, refer to the [http://www.tldp.org/
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guides.html#espk] Emacspeak User's Guide.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4.4. Speech Synthesizers
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To produce speech output, you need two things: something to parse the
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information on the screen (Emacspeak), and something to produce the sounds
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you hear as output (a speech synthesizer). Emacspeak can use either a
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hardware or software synthesizer to produce sound output. Software
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synthesizers have the benefit of being either free or very inexpensive.
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Hardware synthesizers can run from $150 to $1600 or more, but they are
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typically easier to install than software synthesizers.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4.4.1. Hardware synthesizers
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Emacspeak supports the following hardware synthesizers:
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* Accent
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* Apollo
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* Braille Lite
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* Braille n' Speak
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* DECtalk Express (the original Emacspeak synthesizer) or MultiVoice
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* DoubleTalk PC and AT
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* Internal DECtalk PC and DECtalk PC2
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* LiteTalk
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* Type n' Speak
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Support for the DECtalk Express and MultiVoice synthesizers is built into
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Emacspeak. If you have a synthesizer other than a DECtalk Express, you may
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require additional drivers or "speech servers" to get Emacspeak to work with
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your synthesizer.
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The Internal DECtalk PC and DECtalk PC2 require a kernel driver available
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from [ftp://leb.net/pub/blinux/dectalk_pc-0.95.tgz] ftp://leb.net/pub/blinux/
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dectalk_pc-0.95.tgz. Installation instructions are at [ftp://leb.net/pub/
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blinux/dectalk_pc-0.95.README] ftp://leb.net/pub/blinux/
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dectalk_pc-0.95.README.
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The DoubleTalk PC and AT, Braille n' Speak, Type n' Speak, Braille Lite,
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Apollo, and Accent synthesizers all require an additional speech server that
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can be downloaded from [http://leb.net/pub/blinux/emacspeak/blinux/
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emacspeak-ss-1.7-1.i386.rpm] http://leb.net/pub/blinux/emacspeak/blinux/
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emacspeak-ss-1.7-1.i386.rpm. A README file with installation instructions can
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be found at [ftp://leb.net/pub/blinux/emacspeak/blinux/emacspeak-ss.README]
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ftp://leb.net/pub/blinux/emacspeak/blinux/emacspeak-ss.README.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4.4.2. Software synthesizers
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If you choose to use a software synthesizer, you must make sure your sound
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card is Linux compatible. In addition, if you want to perform any tasks that
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require a multi-channel sound card, such as playing auditory cues when you
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open or close an Emacs buffer, you must make sure that your sound card is
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multi-channel capable.
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There is a complete list of Linux-compatible sound cards available at [http:/
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/www.alsa-project.org] http://www.alsa-project.org. In addition, you can
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usually find information on your distribution's web site about which sound
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cards are supported with each distro.
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Once you have ensured that your sound card is Linux compatible, you can
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install a software synthesizer. Currently the only one that works with
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Emacspeak is IBM's ViaVoice Text-to-Speech (TTS), formerly called ViaVoice
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Outloud. Many Emacspeak users use this software synthesizer, because it is
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free of charge. Instructions for installing ViaVoice can be found in,
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Appendix B.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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5. Installing Emacspeak
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Assuming that you have all the items listed in, Requirements, you are ready
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to install Emacspeak. The following steps provide the instructions to do so.
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1. Go to the Emacspeak site at [http://emacspeak.sourceforge.net] http://
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emacspeak.sourceforge.net and, from the Support and Documentation
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section, select an Emacspeak file to download. If you select the binary
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file, emacspeak.tar.gz, you will need to configure and make Emacspeak. If
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you have some experience with Linux, or if you're using a distribution
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that does not support RPMs, you should download this option. If your
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distro supports RPMs, you can download the ready-to-install version of
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Emacspeak (emacspeak-14.0-1.noarch.rpm).
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2. Download the file and place it in your home directory.
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3. Type su root and provide the root password if you are not already logged
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onto your machine as root. You'll need root permissions to install
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Emacspeak.
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4. If you downloaded the rpm version of Emacspeak, unpack it using the
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command rpm -i emacspeak-14.0-1.noarch.rpm. If you downloaded the binary
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version, unzip and untar the file, then follow the installation
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directions in the README file in the resulting emacspeak-14.0 directory.
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Once you have installed the rpm, you'll see a message saying that
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Emacspeak installed successfully, as well as some additional
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instructions.
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5. If you are using Emacspeak v.14 or earlier and also using ViaVoice TTS as
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your synthesizer, change directories to the /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp/
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emacspeak/servers/linux-outloud directory and type the command make. This
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command compiles the ViaVoice TTS server. If you are not using ViaVoice,
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or if you have Emacspeak v.15 or later, you do not need to complete this
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step.
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6. Using the cd command, change directories to the /etc directory and open
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your profile file with your favorite text editor (you must be root to
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edit the profile). Scroll to the bottom of the file, then add the
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following two lines:
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export DTK_PROGRAM DTK_PROGRAM=name of your speech server
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The value of DTK_PROGRAM must be the name of your speech server. A list
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of standard Emacspeak-supported speech synthesizers and the names of
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their respective speech servers is below.
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ViaVoice TTS Outloud
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DecTalk Xpress dtk-exp
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DecTalk MultiVoice dtk-mv
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Several additional synthesizers are supported, but they require add-on
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speech servers. Refer to the documentation for each specific speech
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server for more information.
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7. Save your profile file and close it.
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Now, you should have installed and configured everything required to run
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Emacspeak. To use Emacspeak, log on to your system as someone other than root
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(you should never run Emacspeak as root), and type emacspeak at the prompt.
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Emacspeak should start talking immediately.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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6. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
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This sections covers some of the more common problems encountered when
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installing Emacspeak. If there is a topic that is not covered here, you
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should review the Emacspeak mailing list archives at [http://
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www.cs.vassar.edu/~priestdo/emacspeak/] http://www.cs.vassar.edu/~priestdo/
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emacspeak/. You can find the answers to many additional questions there.
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The volume on my system is very low - how can I increase it?
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The easiest way to turn up system volume is with a set of speakers.
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However, sometimes speakers aren't feasible (for example, with a laptop),
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or even with speakers, the volume is still not loud enough. In this case,
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you can use the application aumix to increase your system's volume.
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Aumix comes with many distributions of Linux, but if your distro doesn't
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have aumix, you can download it from [http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/
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aumix/aumix-2.7.tar.gz] http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/aumix/
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aumix-2.7.tar.gz. The latest version is 2.7.
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To use aumix to increase your system's volume, type the command aumix -v
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+100 or aumix -w +100. The numerical value is the percentage volume, so
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in this case 100 means 100%. You may want to try different settings to
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find the most comfortable one for you.
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For more information on using aumix, type aumix -h at the command prompt.
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sndconfig doesn't recognize my soundcard. What should I do?
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If sndconfig doesn't recognize your soundcard, you should see if you can
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download a driver for your card. The Advanced Linux Sound Architecture
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(ALSA) Web site, located at [http://www.alsa-project.org] http://
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www.alsa-project.org, lists many sound cards, along with their drivers
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(if available). Another alternative is the Open Sound System (OSS) for
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Linux. OSS is a commercial implementation of the Linux kernel drivers,
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and a list of supported cards can be found at [http://www.4front-tech.com
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/osshw.html] http://www.4front-tech.com/osshw.html. There used to be a
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free version, but apparently it is no longer available (if anyone knows
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differently, please let me know).
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Note Note
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Some users have reported compatibility problems with ViaVoice and
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ALSA drivers. I have been unable to determine the exact problem or
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solution from various mailing archives, so if anyone can provide
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more information on this issue, please let me know.
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When I try to install the ViaVoice RTK rpm file, I get the error "libXm.so.1
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is missing." What's wrong?
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The file libXm.so.1 is part of the lesstif distribution, and it is also a
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shared library. This error message indicates that either lesstif is not
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||
installed, or that the system is unable to locate the file. Often shared
|
||
libraries are referenced by a symbolic link to the real shared library
|
||
file, which may be named something like libXm.so.1.0.17. When the name of
|
||
the symbolic link to the shared library and the name of the real shared
|
||
library file differ, the system may not be able to find the shared
|
||
library, even if it exists. If another program depends on a shared
|
||
library that cannot be found, an error message like the one above
|
||
results. In the case of libXm.so.1, lesstif is only needed for graphical
|
||
demonstration programs. Thus, if you do not plan to use the graphical
|
||
mode, it is safe to install the ViaVoice RTK rpm using the option
|
||
--nodeps, which tells ViaVoice to ignore any missing dependencies.
|
||
|
||
Note Note
|
||
Note that this is only a workaround, not a "fix," and that it only
|
||
works for ViaVoice Text-to-speech (TTS). This solution may not work
|
||
if you use any of the ViaVoice voice recognition software.
|
||
|
||
When I compile the ViaVoice TTS server for Emacspeak, I get an error
|
||
"tcleci.cpp:43:17: eci.h: No such file or directory." Where is eci.h?
|
||
This error message appears when you install the ViaVoice RTK and SDK in
|
||
the wrong order, or if the SDK is not installed.
|
||
|
||
The file eci.h should be in the /usr/include directory. If it is not
|
||
there, re-install ViaVoice TTS, RTK, then install ViaVoice TTS SDK. Check
|
||
to make sure eci.h is in the /usr/include directory, then change
|
||
directories to /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp/emacspeak/servers/
|
||
linux-outloud, and type make at the command prompt. The ViaVoice TTS
|
||
should now make successfully.
|
||
|
||
When I start Emacspeak, I keep getting the error "process speaker not
|
||
running." What's wrong?
|
||
If you are getting this error message, there are several possible causes.
|
||
This section steps though finding and correcting this problem.
|
||
|
||
The first step is to make sure that you have tcl correctly installed, as
|
||
explained in the following instructions.
|
||
|
||
1. First, make sure you are in the /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp/emacspeak/
|
||
servers directory.
|
||
|
||
2. At the command prompt, type tcl name of speech server. The most
|
||
common speech servers are dtk-exp and outloud.
|
||
|
||
|
||
If you get an error such as bash: tcl:: command not found, it means that
|
||
tcl/tclx is not correctly installed on your system. You must get the
|
||
latest version of either tcl or tclx and install it before Emacspeak will
|
||
work.
|
||
|
||
If everything is installed correctly, you should hear a voice saying "IBM
|
||
ViaVoice. This is Emacspeak" or something similar. A % command prompt
|
||
should also appear. At the prompt, type q "this is a test." Then press
|
||
Return and type d. This command runs the speech, so you should hear "this
|
||
is a test" spoken. If you hear this, the server script is running
|
||
properly. You can type exit to quit tcl.
|
||
|
||
You may also get an error like stdiosynth executable not found when you
|
||
type tclname of speech server, and then get a command prompt. Testing has
|
||
shown that this error can appear even when stdiosynth is correctly
|
||
installed and Emacspeak is working. Even if you get this error message,
|
||
you should still get the % command prompt, so you should be able to test
|
||
the script.
|
||
|
||
If the script test was unsuccessful, (if tcl was found and you got a %
|
||
prompt but you did not hear any speech), the next step is to make sure
|
||
that you have the correct lines in your profile file to let Emacspeak
|
||
know where to find the speech server. To check this, follow these steps:
|
||
|
||
1. Go to your /etc directory, then use you favorite text editor to open
|
||
the file namedprofile.
|
||
|
||
2. Make sure the following lines are in the file:
|
||
export DTK_PROGRAM DTK_PROGRAM=name of speech server
|
||
|
||
The most common speech servers, are outloud and dtk-exp.
|
||
|
||
|
||
If these lines are not in your profile file, add them and then re-test
|
||
tcl. If you are using ViaVoice TTS as your synthesizer, Emacspeak should
|
||
work correctly at this point. If you are using a hardware synthesizer and
|
||
you still do not get any sound, check to make sure that the environment
|
||
variable DTK_PORT is set correctly in your /etc/profile file.
|
||
|
||
The variable DTK_PORT specifies which port your hardware synthesizer is
|
||
plugged into on your computer. Under Linux, if your synthesizer is
|
||
plugged into com1, you must set DTK_PORT to/dev/ttyS0, and if it is in
|
||
com2, then DTK_PORT should be set to /dev/ttyS1. To set this variable,
|
||
follow these steps:
|
||
|
||
1. Open your profile file located in the /etc directory.
|
||
|
||
2. Look for the variable DTK_PORT. If this variable does not exist,
|
||
scroll to the bottom of the profile and add the following line:
|
||
export DTK_PORT=/dev/ttySX
|
||
|
||
In this line, the "X" should be replaced by the correct port number,
|
||
as described above.
|
||
|
||
3. When you are finished, save and close the profile file.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Finally, retest tcl, and if it works, restart Emacspeak. Emacspeak should
|
||
work correctly.
|
||
|
||
If you have a hardware synthesizer and are still not getting any speech,
|
||
you probably do not have the necessary permissions to use the serial port
|
||
for your synthesizer. There are a number of solutions to this problem,
|
||
and the best solution depends on your operating environment. For example,
|
||
if you are in a multi-user environment, controlling the access
|
||
permissions to the serial device may be a concern. The options are as
|
||
follows:
|
||
|
||
+ Change the ownership of the serail device to the user running
|
||
Emacspeak. To do this, type chown username /dev/ttyS0 at the command
|
||
prompt then type chmode u+rw dev/ttyS0.
|
||
|
||
+ Add the user to the group associated with the serial device. On Red
|
||
Hat systems this is usually the grouptty. To do this edit the /etc/
|
||
group file and find the line starting with tty:. At the end of that
|
||
line, add ",username" where username is your username.
|
||
|
||
+ Give read/write access to the serial device for all users. This is
|
||
the least secure solution, but if you are the only user on the
|
||
system, it will not matter. To give read/write access, make sure you
|
||
are the root user and at the command prompt type chmod o+rw /dev/
|
||
ttyS0.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
7. Additional resources
|
||
|
||
Once Emacspeak has been successfully installed, you should become familiar
|
||
with the Emacspeak commands and the many applications you can run with Emacs.
|
||
Although this HOWTO does not cover this information, there are a number of
|
||
excellent tutorials that are available for new users of both Emacs and
|
||
Emacspeak. The following list provides a starting point:
|
||
|
||
* "A gentle introduction to Emacspeak," by Gary Lawrence Murphy, [http://
|
||
emacspeak-guide.sourceforge.net/tutorial.html/] http://
|
||
emacspeak-guide.sourceforge.net/tutorial.html/. Gary provides a
|
||
lighthearted but thorough introduction to Emacs and Emacspeak, focusing
|
||
on users who are not familiar with either application. This introduction
|
||
is recommend as a starting point, even before you do the Emacs tutorial
|
||
(see next item).
|
||
|
||
* "The (Official) Emacs Tutorial," by the Free Software Foundation. I call
|
||
this the "official" tutorial because it is included with Emacs. To access
|
||
this tutorial, start Emacspeak, then type C-h t. This tutorial discusses
|
||
the basic Emacs commands, including navigation using Emacs as a text
|
||
editor, and a bit about how Emacs works "under the hood." For new users
|
||
this tutorial is strongly recommended, and even those users who are
|
||
familiar with Emacs might find something new.
|
||
|
||
* "Emacspeak Tutorial," by Nita Van Zandt, available at [http://www.mv.com/
|
||
ipusers/vanzandt/emacspeak-tutorial-1.0.tar.gz] http://www.mv.com/ipusers
|
||
/vanzandt/emacspeak-tutorial-1.0.tar.gz. This tutorial helps new
|
||
Emacspeak users get up and running and includes plenty of examples and
|
||
step-by-step instructions. Once you have a grasp of Emacs, this tutorial
|
||
is a must.
|
||
|
||
* "The Emacs Beginner's HOWTO," by Jeremy D. Zawodny. It is available at
|
||
[http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Emacs-Beginner-HOWTO.html] http://
|
||
www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Emacs-Beginner-HOWTO.html and discusses many of
|
||
the topics discussed in the Emacs tutorial. However, it also includes
|
||
overviews of some of the more popular Emacs packages, including VM, Gnus,
|
||
BBDB, and AucTeX.
|
||
|
||
* "Using Emacspeak HOWTO," by Jennifer Jobst, available at [http://
|
||
emacspeak.sourceforge.net] http://emacspeak.sourceforge.net. This HOWTO
|
||
is a task-based guide on getting the most out of Emacs and Emacspeak.
|
||
From browsing the Internet to coding to playing games, this HOWTO tells
|
||
you where to get the best Emacs applications for each task and how to use
|
||
them.
|
||
|
||
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
8. Appendix A: Installing Linux from a DOS machine
|
||
|
||
In the original Emacspeak HOWTO, James Van Zandt provided instructions on how
|
||
to install Linux from a DOS machine using a null-modem cable. As with the
|
||
other instructions in this HOWTO, I tried, unfortunately without success, to
|
||
duplicate this procedure. However, I have provided the information gathered
|
||
during testing in the following section. If you successfully install Linux
|
||
from a Windows?? or DOS?? machine over a null-modem cable, please let me know
|
||
the procedure you followed and I'll include it here.
|
||
|
||
Please note that the original instructions for installing Linux over a null
|
||
modem cable were written for a DOS machine. I first attempted to reproduce
|
||
these instructions with my Windows 2000 machine (from the DOS prompt) and Red
|
||
Hat 7.1. Although I successfully downloaded and installed JAWS for DOS
|
||
(available from Freedom Scientific at [http://www.freedomscientific.com/
|
||
fs_downloads/morejaws.asp] http://www.freedomscientific.com/fs_downloads/
|
||
morejaws.asp), I was unable to get a DOS VT100 terminal emulator installed. I
|
||
tried using TELIX, which was popular several years ago, but when I tried to
|
||
install TELIX version 3.51, I got a runtime error. Since I was unable to find
|
||
any other DOS terminal emulators, I decided to try using a Windows
|
||
screenreader and terminal emulator instead. This section documents the
|
||
procedure I tried with the Windows machine.
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
8.1. Requirments
|
||
|
||
For this process, you will need a machine with a working speech synthesizer
|
||
and a terminal emulator program. For my test, I used a Windows 2000 machine
|
||
and tried both Narrarator (which comes with Windows 2000) and JAWS for
|
||
Windows v.3.5. For the terminal emulator, I used tried both Hyperterminal
|
||
(which comes with Windows) and CRT (which can be downloaded from [http://
|
||
www.vandyke.com/products/crt] http://www.vandyke.com/products/crt). You will
|
||
also need a second machine (on which to install Linux), a null modem cable,
|
||
and a copy of your preferred Linux distribution on either floppy disk or
|
||
CD-ROM.
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
8.2. Connecting the computers
|
||
|
||
To connect the two computers, you need a "null modem" cable. A "null modem"
|
||
cable is a serial cable that connects ground to ground and transmits on each
|
||
end to receive on the other. The cable that comes with the DOS application
|
||
LapLink will work fine. The LapLink cable is particularly handy because it
|
||
has both a 9 pin and a 25 pin connector on each end. Alternatively, you may
|
||
be able to find a null modem cable at your local computer store, or you can
|
||
have one made. If you choose to have one made, here are the required
|
||
connections:
|
||
|
||
* For two 9 pin connectors, connect pin 2 (receive data) to pin 3, pin 3
|
||
(transmit data) to pin 2, and pin 5 (signal ground) to pin 5.
|
||
|
||
* For two 25 pin connectors, connect pin 2 (receive data) to pin 3, pin 3
|
||
(transmit data) to pin 2, and pin 7 (signal ground) to pin 7.
|
||
|
||
* For a 9 pin connector (first) to a 25 pin connector (second), connect pin
|
||
2 (receive data) to pin 2 (transmit data), pin 3 (transmit data) to pin 3
|
||
(receive data), and pin 5 (signal ground) to pin 7 (signal ground).
|
||
|
||
|
||
Once you have your null modem cable, you'll need to connect the two machines
|
||
while both of them are off. It's easiest to use COM1 on both machines. Once
|
||
you've got them connected, you're ready to start them up, as discussed in the
|
||
next section
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
8.3. Installation
|
||
|
||
Once your machines are connected via the null modem cable, boot the DOS/
|
||
Windows machine, then start the terminal emulation program. For my test, I
|
||
tried both Hyperterminal (which comes with Windows 2000) and CRT (which can
|
||
be downloaded from [http://www.vandyke.com/products/crt] http://
|
||
www.vandyke.com/products/crt. For some reason, the arrow keys did not work in
|
||
HyperTerminal, making navigation within the HyperTerminal window impossible.
|
||
However, the arrow keys (as well as Tab and Return) do work in CRT, so I
|
||
recommend using CRT as your terminal emulator.
|
||
|
||
Set the terminal emulator for 9600 baud, no parity, eight data bits, 1 stop
|
||
bit. If "Flow control" is an option, select Hardware. Also be sure to set
|
||
your terminal emulation mode to VT100. Start the terminal emulator connection
|
||
(you won't get any data at this point, as your Linux machine should still be
|
||
off).
|
||
|
||
Once you've set up the terminal emulator on your DOS/Windows machine, insert
|
||
the "boot" floppy or CD into your Linux machine and boot the machine. With
|
||
Red Hat, at the boot: prompt, I typed in the command linux text console=ttyS0
|
||
. Note that the "s" in "ttyS0" is capitalized, and that's a "zero" at the end
|
||
of the string, not a capital letter "o." Other distributions may require
|
||
other strings, so if you know the syntax required for distros other than Red
|
||
Hat, please let me know and I will include that information here.
|
||
|
||
Once you've typed in this string at the boot: prompt and hit Return, you
|
||
should get output in your terminal emulator program on your DOS/Windows
|
||
machine. Unfortunately, at this point I discovered that neither JAWS for
|
||
Windows nor Narrarator produces speech output in either the HyperTerminal or
|
||
CRT terminal windows. This ultimately stymied my attempts to install Linux
|
||
over a null modem cable.
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
9. Appendix B: Installing ViaVoice TTS
|
||
|
||
This section steps through the installation of ViaVoice TTS, which can be
|
||
used as a software synthesizer with Emacspeak.
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
9.1. Downloading ViaVoice
|
||
|
||
First, you must download the ViaVoice Software Development Kit (SDK) and the
|
||
Run Time Kit (RTK), as described in the following steps.
|
||
|
||
1. Go to IBM's ViaVoice TTS website a [http://www-4.ibm.com/software/speech/
|
||
dev/ttssdk_linux.html] http://www-4.ibm.com/software/speech/dev/
|
||
ttssdk_linux.html.
|
||
|
||
2. Scroll down to the Downloads section, and click on the Downloads link.
|
||
You will be asked to provide a username and password before you download
|
||
anything.
|
||
|
||
3. Download the following files:
|
||
|
||
+ ViaVoice TTS SDK for Linux V5.1. The filename is
|
||
viavoice_tts_sdk_5.tar.
|
||
|
||
+ ViaVoice TTS Run Time Kit for Linux V5.1. The filename is
|
||
viavoice_tts_rtk_5.tar.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
9.2. Installing ViaVoice RTK
|
||
|
||
Now that you have downloaded the ViaVoice files, you can install them. You
|
||
must install the RTK first, as it contains libraries required by the SDK.
|
||
|
||
1. Type the su root command and provide the root password to log on to your
|
||
system as root.
|
||
|
||
2. Type the cd command to change to the directory that contains the files
|
||
you just downloaded.
|
||
|
||
3. Untar the RTK using the command tar -xvf viavoice_tts_rtk_5.tar. You
|
||
should now have two files in your directory, ttsrt_readme.txt and
|
||
ViaVoice_TTS_rtk_5.1-1.2.i386.rpm.
|
||
|
||
4. Unpack the rpm using the command rpm -i ViaVoice_TTS_rtk_5.1-1.2.i386.rpm
|
||
. You will be given a license agreement to read. You can press the
|
||
spacebar to scroll through the document. When you've read the document,
|
||
you'll be returned to the command prompt.
|
||
|
||
5. Type the command source /etc/profile to finish installing the RTK.
|
||
|
||
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
9.3. Installing ViaVoice SDK
|
||
|
||
Now that you have installed the RTK, you can install the SDK as well using
|
||
the following steps:
|
||
|
||
1. Change directories to the directory that contains the SDK file you
|
||
downloaded.
|
||
|
||
2. Untar the SDK file using the command tar -xvf viavoice_tts_sdk_5.tar. You
|
||
should now have two files in your directory, ttssd.readme.txt and
|
||
ViaVoice_TTS_sdk-5.1-1.2.i386.rpm.
|
||
|
||
3. Unpack the rpm using the command rpm-i --nodeps
|
||
ViaVoice_TTS_sdk-5.1-1.2.i386.rpm. You will be given a license agreement
|
||
to read. You can press the spacebar to scroll through the agreement. When
|
||
you've read the document, you'll be returned to the command prompt.
|
||
|
||
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
9.4. Testing the installation
|
||
|
||
Now that you have installed both the ViaVoice RTK and SDK, you must test to
|
||
make sure that they are working correctly. You can perform two tests using
|
||
the following steps:
|
||
|
||
1. Type the cd command to change to the /usr/lib/ViaVoiceTTS/samples/
|
||
cmdlinespeak/ directory.
|
||
|
||
2. Type the command ./runcmdlinespeak at the prompt. You should hear your
|
||
computer say "Hello, welcome to ViaVoice Outloud for Linux." Normal
|
||
system volume is often very low, so you may not be able to hear it very
|
||
well. Refer to, Troubleshooting, for information on how to increase your
|
||
system volume.
|
||
|
||
|
||
If for some reason your test was not successful, refer to the installation
|
||
notes provided with both the RTK (ttsrt.readme.txt) and the SDK
|
||
(ttssd.readme.txt) for debugging information.
|
||
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
10. Acknowledgments
|
||
|
||
As with any effort for the Linux project, there are a number of people who
|
||
contributed to this HOWTO in a roundabout way. Without their help, this
|
||
document would not exist.
|
||
|
||
Mr. James Van Zandt, the original author of the Emacspeak HOWTO. He
|
||
graciously allowed me maintainership of the original HOWTO, which has been
|
||
reworked into this document, "The Emacspeak Installation HOWTO."
|
||
|
||
Dr. T.V. Raman, who always answered my Emacspeak questions, no matter how
|
||
odd.
|
||
|
||
Marty Moore, who provided a list of instructions for installing Emacspeak and
|
||
ViaVoice under Mandrake. Many of Marty's instructions were used to make this
|
||
document more complete.
|
||
|
||
Tim Cross also deserves recognition, as he clarified several points in
|
||
Marty's instructions, and some of Tim's comments are also used in this
|
||
document. Tim also provided excellent explanations for the libXm.so.1 error
|
||
message, as well as the "process speaker not running" error message.
|
||
|
||
All the folks on the Emacspeak and blinux mailing lists who contributed
|
||
suggestions, answered my questions, and gently showed me the errors in my
|
||
ways.
|
||
|
||
Throughout this document, I have tried to give credit to other authors when
|
||
referring to their work. If I missed a citation, please let me know and I
|
||
will be sure to correct it. If you did the work, you certainly deserve the
|
||
credit!
|