293 lines
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293 lines
12 KiB
HTML
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<HTML>
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<META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
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<TITLE>Oracle 8i for Linux Installation HOWTO: The installer</TITLE>
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<LINK HREF="Oracle-8-HOWTO-4.html" REL=next>
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<LINK HREF="Oracle-8-HOWTO-2.html" REL=previous>
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<LINK HREF="Oracle-8-HOWTO.html#toc3" REL=contents>
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</HEAD>
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<BODY>
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<A HREF="Oracle-8-HOWTO-4.html">Next</A>
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<A HREF="Oracle-8-HOWTO-2.html">Previous</A>
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<A HREF="Oracle-8-HOWTO.html#toc3">Contents</A>
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<HR>
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<H2><A NAME="s3">3. The installer</A></H2>
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<H2><A NAME="ss3.1">3.1 How?</A>
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</H2>
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<P>Generally, following the documentation is a good idea. It's not that
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bad and you'll get much better support from Oracle if you have. (I
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ended up breaking things -- and knowing it would -- by following the
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documentation for Oracle Applications. It was the only way to get
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decent support.)
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<P>This document is going to give an overview, but you should still have
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their documentation available.
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss3.2">3.2 What do I tell the installation program?</A>
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</H2>
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<P>As part of the installation Oracle will ask a number of
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questions. Generally they're not too difficult but let's see what I
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entered and why.
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<P>
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<OL>
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<LI>Many people make the mistake of following Oracle's documentation
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and, therefore, fail at the first hurdle. Don't execute
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<CODE>runInstaller</CODE> as it almost always fails. Instead move to
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<CODE>install/linux</CODE> on the CD and run <CODE>runIns.sh</CODE> while logged
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in as 'oracle'.
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</LI>
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<LI>It should show a title screen. Click 'Next.'
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</LI>
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<LI>It should ask you to enter the source directory of the
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installation files ('jar' file) and your Oracle installation
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directory. You should be able to leave the former alone. The Oracle
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home directory is where you want to install the software. According to
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the installation documentation is should be somewhere on
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<CODE>/u01</CODE>, but I ignored that and put it in
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<CODE>/home/oracle</CODE>. Oracles advice, in this respect, is usually
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worth following. Click 'Next' when you've entered the details.
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</LI>
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<LI>Now it should ask you for the DBA group. This is the Unix group
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you created in the last section and is probably 'dba'. Enter the
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details and click 'Next.'
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</LI>
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<LI>This time it wants you to log in as 'root' and run
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<CODE>/tmp/OraInstall/orainstRoot.sh</CODE>. Do as it says. (You may have
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to run <CODE>pdksh</CODE> or <CODE>bash</CODE> in the 'Bourne compatibility mode' to
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get it to complete successfully.) When you're done click 'Retry.'
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</LI>
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<LI>You're now given the option of what to install. Your best bet
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here is 'Oracle Enterprise Edition,' as this includes just about
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everything (table 3.1 in the Oracle documentation tells you exactly
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what it installs). Make sure the right radio button is selected and
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click 'Next.'
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</LI>
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<LI>It should now allow you to choose what you install with much
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finer granularity. Unless you're particularly constrained by disk
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space or know exactly what you need, I'd recommend leaving it exactly
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as it is and clicking 'Next.' The Universal Installer won't let you
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make any silly choices so don't worry too much if you unselect
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something. You can always add it back in later.
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</LI>
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<LI>For any products that you've asked it to install, the installer
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will allow you to change where it puts them. Again, only if you have a
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good reason to should you change it. Click 'Next' when you're done.
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</LI>
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<LI>It now goes away and installs all the pieces of software you
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asked it to. This will probably take quite a while and will use far
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more memory than is reasonable.
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</LI>
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<LI>It should ask you if you want to create a database. Select
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'no'. There are two reasons for this: it often doesn't work and, even
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when it does, it's very slow (it seems to fire up another JVM, leaving
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X, the Oracle back-end and <I>two</I> virtual machines in memory; not
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good with 128Mb of memory).
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</LI>
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<LI>The installer should now ask you about the network protocols
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that you want Oracle to support. The boxes all came up blank for me. I
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don't know what's supposed to be in there, but I clicked 'Next' and
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found that everything worked.
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</LI>
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<LI>All the hard stuff is complete now. All the products you want
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should be installed and are ready to go. Congratulations.</LI>
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</OL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss3.3">3.3 Installing the patch</A>
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</H2>
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<P>Unfortunately, the CD that Oracle sent you was probably version
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8.1.5.0.0. As with almost all first releases there are problems with
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that version (problems include empty files, so they're quite serious)
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and a patch, to version 8.1.5.0.2 is essential. You'll certainly need
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it to progress to the "Configuration" section of this HOWTO. The patch
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described here is a cumulative patch, i.e., it includes all the files
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required to move from version 8.1.5.0.0 to 8.1.5.0.2.
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<P>The file you need is on
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<A HREF="http://technet.oracle.com/software/products/oracle8i/software_index.htm">the Oracle web site</A>
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and is relatively easy to install.
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<P>
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<OL>
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<LI>This is probably the first of many patches, so create a
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directory called "patches" somewhere convenient (mine is in
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<CODE>$ORACLE_HOME</CODE>).
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</LI>
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<LI>Download the file into it.
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</LI>
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<LI>Create somewhere to put the files:
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<PRE>
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mkdir /tmp/orapatch
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cd /tmp/orapatch
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</PRE>
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</LI>
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<LI>Uncompress the file:
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<PRE>
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tar zvxf $ORACLE_HOME/patches/linux815patches.tgz
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</PRE>
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</LI>
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<LI>Run the shell script that's now in the current directory:
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<PRE>
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./linux_815patches.sh
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</PRE>
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</LI>
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</OL>
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<P>Note that it's important not to uncompress the file in the current
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directory. The patch installer checks that the correct number of files
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are present and fails if there are not the right number. Of course, if
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it finds the patch archive it finds too many files!
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss3.4">3.4 Setting up your environment</A>
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</H2>
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<P>Add the following lines to your ".profile" (or whatever the equivalent
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is for your shell):
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<P>
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<PRE>
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. oraenv
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export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
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</PRE>
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<P>Quite why the Oracle installer doesn't do this I have no idea.
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<P>If you see "<CODE>[: integer expression expected before -lt</CODE>" the next
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time you log in, it's because 'oraenv' is expecting your ULIMIT to be
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an integer rather than the default 'unlimited.' I've seen no ill
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effects by ignoring the error, but you can fix it by setting the
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ULIMIT to something finite.
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss3.5">3.5 Installations questions and answers</A>
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</H2>
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<H3>The installation program exits with 'CreateOUIProcess()'</H3>
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<P>Firstly, make sure that you're running the right version of the JVM. I
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don't know what Oracle do with their software, but it's very dependent
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on the version you use.
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<P>Secondly, it might help if, instead of running <CODE>runInstaller</CODE> from
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the root of the CD, you move into <CODE>install/linux</CODE> and run the
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<CODE>runInst.sh</CODE> shell script instead.
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<P>This problem seems more common on RedHat Linux 6.1 than 6.0 and could
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be something to do with a newer C library.
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<P>I've also heard reports that if you have the wrong version of Gnome's
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usual window manager, Enlightenment, you might get this
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problem. Upgrade or switch to another environment such as KDE or
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Fvwm2.
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<P>
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<H3>The installer just flashes on the screen and then vanishes</H3>
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<P>This is not an uncommon occurrence. Usually it means that you're
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running an old version of Enlightenment. Upgrading or switching to
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another environment should fix the problem.
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<P>A similar problem is the installation program vanishing at some later
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point in the process, often around 80% of the way through. The
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consensus seems to be that Oracle ran out of memory. You should
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increase the amount of swap space your machine has, anything over
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200Mb should be sufficient.
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<P>
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<H3>Strange Java errors when I start the installation program?</H3>
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<P>Which version of the Java Virtual Machine are you using? People have
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claimed success with other versions, but most of the problems that I
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had disappeared when I downgraded to JRE 1.1.6v5, the one that Oracle
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recommends in their documentation.
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<P>Two other things that are worth mentioning: make sure you use the JRE
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and not the JDK and, secondly, you should be using "green"
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threads. Unless you've set THREADS_FLAG to 'native' you almost
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certainly have the correct setting.
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<P>
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<H3>The installation program 'Segmentation Fault's</H3>
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<P>You do have GLIBC 2.1 don't you?
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<P>
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<H3>Problems loading shared libraries</H3>
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<P>The error message that I'm talking about looks a bit like this:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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error in loading shared libraries: libclntsh.so.8.0: cannot open
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shared object file: No such file or directory
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</PRE>
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<P>This is the same as NT complaining that it can't find a DLL. It's very
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easy to fix. Simply add the following line to the end of your
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".profile" if you're using a Bourne-like shell (ask a local guru if
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you don't know):
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<P>
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<PRE>
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export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
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</PRE>
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<P>Or use the following line if you're using a CSH-like shell:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH "$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
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$ORACLE_HOME/lib"
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</PRE>
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<P>I don't use the C-Shell, so independent verification of this command
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would be appreciated.
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<P>
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<H3>Pro*C doesn't work</H3>
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<P>The answer to this took quite a bit of tracking down, although the
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answer <I>is</I> on the Oracle web site if you look hard enough.
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<P>The default configuration of Pro*C doesn't know where to find all its
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libraries, so you need to tell it. After installation
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<CODE>$ORACLE_HOME/precomp/admin/pcscfg.cfg</CODE> is empty, but it needs
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to contain the following:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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sys_include=(/home/oracle/precomp/public, /usr/include,
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/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/egcs-2.91.66/include/,
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/usr/include, /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/egcs-2.91.66/include,
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/usr/include)
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include=(/home/oracle/precomp/public)
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include=(/home/oracle/rdbms/demo)
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include=(/home/oracle/network/public)
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include=(/home/oracle/plsql/public)
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ltype=short
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</PRE>
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<P>(The first four lines above, from <CODE>sys_include</CODE> to <CODE>include)</CODE>
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should all be on the same line in the file.)
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<P>The Oracle documentation doesn't mention this, but you also need to
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edit <CODE>$ORACLE_HOME/precomp/lib/env_precomp.mk</CODE>. On the line
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that defines <CODE>CCPSYSINCLUDE</CODE>, put the following:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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CCPSYSINCLUDE=sys_include='($(ORACLE_HOME)/precomp/public,
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/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/egcs-2.91.66/include,
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/usr/include/g++-2, /usr/include)'
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</PRE>
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<P>This works for RedHat Linux 6.0, but may need tweaking for other
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distributions or later versions of RH.
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<P>
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<H3>I installed the patch but it made things worse!</H3>
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<P>This is tricky, barely documented by Oracle and common across all
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their products and installation programs. It's about time they did
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something about it!
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<P>Often what happens is as follows: you install Oracle Enterprise
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Edition and, as Oracle tells you, you dash off and install all the
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available patches. Then you decide you need the pre-compilers and
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install Oracle Programmer from the same CD.
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<P>Before you installed Pro*C your database worked, and now it doesn't.
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<P>The problem is that the versions of the pre-compilers that you
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installed were not patched and some of the Oracle server code relies
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on the fixes; Oracle's installer is so stupid that it will overwrite
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newer version of the same code.
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<P>The solution is not pretty. Since you can't extract an individual file
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from the CD you need to install the whole thing again, this time
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adding Oracle Programmer before the patch.
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<P>
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<H3>Oracle thinks I don't have enough disk space</H3>
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<P>There's something wrong with the installation program. Assuming you
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<I>do</I> have enough space it will install okay.
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<P>
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<HR>
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<A HREF="Oracle-8-HOWTO-4.html">Next</A>
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<A HREF="Oracle-8-HOWTO-2.html">Previous</A>
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<A HREF="Oracle-8-HOWTO.html#toc3">Contents</A>
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