148 lines
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148 lines
8.0 KiB
HTML
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<HTML>
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<META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
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<TITLE>ISP-Connectivity-mini-HOWTO: Connecting to the Outside World</TITLE>
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<LINK HREF="ISP-Connectivity-3.html" REL=next>
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<LINK HREF="ISP-Connectivity-1.html" REL=previous>
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<LINK HREF="ISP-Connectivity.html#toc2" REL=contents>
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<A HREF="ISP-Connectivity-3.html">Next</A>
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<A HREF="ISP-Connectivity-1.html">Previous</A>
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<A HREF="ISP-Connectivity.html#toc2">Contents</A>
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<HR>
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<H2><A NAME="s2">2. Connecting to the Outside World</A></H2>
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<P>In this document, we'll explain how to do this using PPP (Point
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to Point Protocol), a popular protocol nearly always used over the
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Internet. It allows your modem to <CODE>speak</CODE> to the outside
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world. This is what applications like Trumpet Winsock in Windows
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3.x did, and many other programs that you've probably have never
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seen.
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<P>In Linux, we use a thing called chat to do the dialing up to the
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ISP and then use a utility called pppd to 'use' the connection. In
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a sense, chat is your dialer, and pppd is your protocol. We'll
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describe how to setup both below.
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<H2><A NAME="ss2.1">2.1 Talking and Communicating with pppd and chat</A>
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</H2>
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<P>Probably the easiest way to go about things is to make a shell
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script in root's home directory called <CODE>ppp-connect</CODE> and
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involke the script whenever you wish to make your connection. We'll
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discuss this method.
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<P>Open up your favourite editor as root on /ppp-connect. You'll
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then have to decide on your parameters.
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<P><I>pppd connect 'chat -v "" "your_init_string" "" ATDTisp_number
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CONNECT "" ogin: your_username word: your_passwd' /dev/tty(0/1/2) speed
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modem</I>
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<P>pppd involkes /usr/sbin/pppd on my system, then loads up chat to do the
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dialing. Chat sends <I>your_init_string</I> to the modem, then
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dials <I>isp_number</I>. It then waits for CONNECT, then waits for
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ogin: (l removed as the first character is sometimes lost), sends
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<I>your_passwd</I>, chat then terminates and hands the show over to
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pppd.
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<P>The last of the command specifies your modem port (mine's /dev/ttyS1). In
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most cases it will be ttyS1 (COM2: in DOS), ttyS0 (COM1: in DOS), or if
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your using Slackware, cua1 or cua0. The speed is the speed of the modem. I
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use 115200 for my modem (a 33.6k). If you have got a fairly recent
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computer (one with a 16550 UART), then I wouldn't go any lower than 57600.
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Otherwise, for 14.4k 38400. Modem just tells pppd that it's a serial/modem
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based connection. Remove the -v option if you don't want verbose logging
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to your logfiles.
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<P>The scenario below is one of a person who dials up an ISP that
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automatically starts PPP for them, ie; they don't have a shell that
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actually starts. This is his command in his /ppp-connect:
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<P><I>pppd connect 'chat "" "ATZ" "" ATDT555-1800
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CONNECT "" ogin: johnny word: blackjak' /dev/ttyS1 115200
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modem</I>
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<P>But for some people, they're ISP starts up a shell and doesn't
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automatically start PPP this may be a problem. Luckily, chat can deal with
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that too. You just add another command to your chat script. For example,
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below this johnny character is using an ISP that just dumps him to a
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shell, requiring him to type ppp to get a ppp connection. His shell prompt
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ends with a $.
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<I>pppd connect 'chat "" "ATZ" "" ATDT555-1800
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CONNECT "" ogin: johnny word: blackjak $ ppp' /dev/ttyS1 115200
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modem</I>
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<P>If it's more than one word, ensure you quote it. I hope you can see the
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drift of this, and are able to create your own script up to suit your
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connection. Simply modify either the first johnny or the second johnny
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script to suit your taste, port, server, etc and save the file.
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<P>Now you've made your file, ensure that only root can execute, read or
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write to it. This is extreemly important. Also make sure nobody can
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read your logfiles, if you decide to leave the -v option in, as your
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password is seen in cleartext in the logs (I don't see much need for -v,
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if you don't know what I'm talking about, leave -v out).
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<H2><A NAME="ss2.2">2.2 IP's, Domain Names and Subnets</A>
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</H2>
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<P>For most people using the options above, a changing IP address won't
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bother them. These people include basic, easy going users, that just have
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dialup accounts, and aren't very technically minded. For those people,
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skim read this section, I'll come to important things you need to do to
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setup your system properly. Newbies, skip the sections dealing with
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permanent IP, Domain Names, Subnets, and just read the last bit of this
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section.
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<P>Getting a permanent IP address might be free for your ISP, so if in doubt
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ask them. Personally, I'd pay for a permanent IP address. It lets you send
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e-mail to and from using a unique IP or domain, etc. If you want to get
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yourself a permanent IP, write an e-mail to root@yourisp.com, and ask him
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nicely if he can arrange a permanent IP for you.
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<P>When you get your permanent IP address, grep through your /etc directory
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to find where your old IP addresses are. I had to change files in my
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sendmail directory and /etc/hosts. There are some other key files that you
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will only discover with grepping. Open up /etc/hosts, and add your new IP
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address in the standard format. Reboot your computer, and you should be
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ready to go.
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<P>You'll now need to change your chat script to reflect your new settings.
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If you are forced into PPP as soon as you start your connection, you'll
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need to tell your System Administrator of your ISP to ensure their PPP
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system recognises that you have a permanent IP address and allocates you
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that instead of a changing one. If you get dumped at a shell prompt, and
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you need to type ppp or something to start the connection, instead of
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typing that, change your /ppp-connect script to send this instead of just
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ppp or whatever when it sees $ or whatever your shell prompt is.
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<P><I>/usr/sbin/pppd :Your_IP_Address</I>
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<P>Substitute your IP address for the IP address your ISP gave to you. Be
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sure you encapsulate the thing in " " marks when you put it into your chat
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script. If this doesn't work, consult your ISP where your PPP daemon is
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located, and ask him for the command to give. You could just try leaving
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it as is and seeing if the server will recognise you and give you your
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rightful address.
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<P>The next thing probably to do is to get yourself a domain name. I know
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that in Australia, .asn.au and .org.au are free. In the United States, you
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can get a .us domain for free, but they tend to be long. If your in
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Australia, you must go to
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<A HREF="http://www.aunic.net/">http://www.aunic.net/</A>
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to register your domains. In the United States, it is
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<A HREF="http://www.internic.net/">http://www.internic.net/</A> .
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<P>To register domains you need to be able to provide DNS services, and gorey
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stuff like that. If your ISP can't provide these, throw out an official
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.asn.au or whatever domain out the window, and get a Monolith Internet
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Domain.
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<P>Monolith offer free domains to anybody and anyone all around the world.
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Everything is done without human interaction, via a web forms interface
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with your browser. Your domain comes in the form of Your_Choice.ml.org.
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Monolith will then host the DNS locally for you. If you want to send and
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receive mail from that domain, ask your ISP to become a mail exchanger for
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you.
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<P>Go to
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<A HREF="http://www.ml.org/">http://www.ml.org/</A>
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and fill out an application, enter the NIC with your username and
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password, and make a FREED domain. You'll need to enter your IP address,
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so have that ready. Your domain will be in the DNS in a couple of days.
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<P>Okay now, we'll move onto the newbies section, or for those people who
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can't get a permanent IP address or a domain name. All you have to do is
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edit /etc/hosts as root, call your site something that won't clash, give
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it a 10.10.10 or something for an IP address and reboot your computer.
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<P>There you go, you've just setup your computer with pppd and chat in just
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ten minutes. Now let's move onto the next section, which deals with
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Electronic Mail.
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<HR>
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<A HREF="ISP-Connectivity-3.html">Next</A>
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<A HREF="ISP-Connectivity-1.html">Previous</A>
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<A HREF="ISP-Connectivity.html#toc2">Contents</A>
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