331 lines
7.6 KiB
HTML
331 lines
7.6 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
|
|
<HTML
|
|
><HEAD
|
|
><TITLE
|
|
>Introduction </TITLE
|
|
><META
|
|
NAME="GENERATOR"
|
|
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK
|
|
REL="HOME"
|
|
TITLE="From VMS to Linux HOWTO"
|
|
HREF="index.html"><LINK
|
|
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
|
TITLE="From VMS to Linux HOWTO"
|
|
HREF="index.html"><LINK
|
|
REL="NEXT"
|
|
TITLE="Short Intro "
|
|
HREF="short-intro.html"></HEAD
|
|
><BODY
|
|
CLASS="SECT1"
|
|
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
|
TEXT="#000000"
|
|
LINK="#0000FF"
|
|
VLINK="#840084"
|
|
ALINK="#0000FF"
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
|
><TABLE
|
|
SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
BORDER="0"
|
|
CELLPADDING="0"
|
|
CELLSPACING="0"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TH
|
|
COLSPAN="3"
|
|
ALIGN="center"
|
|
>From VMS to Linux HOWTO</TH
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="10%"
|
|
ALIGN="left"
|
|
VALIGN="bottom"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="index.html"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|
>Prev</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="80%"
|
|
ALIGN="center"
|
|
VALIGN="bottom"
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="10%"
|
|
ALIGN="right"
|
|
VALIGN="bottom"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="short-intro.html"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|
>Next</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
><HR
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="SECT1"
|
|
><H1
|
|
CLASS="SECT1"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="INTRODUCTION"
|
|
></A
|
|
>1. Introduction</H1
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="SECT2"
|
|
><H2
|
|
CLASS="SECT2"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="AEN13"
|
|
></A
|
|
>1.1. Why Linux?</H2
|
|
><P
|
|
>You've heard that UNIX is difficult and balk at the prospect of leaving VMS,
|
|
don't you? Don't worry. Linux, one of the finest UNIX clones, is not more
|
|
difficult to use than VMS; actually, I find it easier. Although VMS
|
|
aficionados may not agree, in many people's opinion Linux is much more
|
|
powerful and versatile.</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>Linux and VMS are both good operating systems and accomplish essentially the
|
|
same tasks, but Linux has a few features that make it a good alternative to
|
|
VMS. Moreover, Linux is available for PCs while VMS is not, and modern
|
|
Pentium-based Linux machines can outperform a VAX. The icing on the cake is
|
|
the excellent performance of modern video cards, which turn an X11-based
|
|
Linux box into a fast graphic workstation; nearly always, quicker than
|
|
dedicated machines.</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>I imagine you're a university researcher or a student, and that you use
|
|
VMS for the following everyday tasks:</P
|
|
><P
|
|
> <P
|
|
></P
|
|
><UL
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
> writing papers with TeX/LaTeX;</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
> programming in Fortran;</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
> doing some graphics;</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
> using Internet services;</P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
> et cetera. </P
|
|
></LI
|
|
></UL
|
|
> </P
|
|
><P
|
|
>In the following sections I'm going to explain to you how to do these
|
|
tasks under Linux, exploiting your experience with VMS. Prerequisites:</P
|
|
><P
|
|
> <P
|
|
></P
|
|
><UL
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
> Linux and X Window System are properly installed; </P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
> there's a system administrator to take care of the technical
|
|
details (please get help from them, not from me ;-) ; </P
|
|
></LI
|
|
><LI
|
|
><P
|
|
> your shell---the equivalent of <TT
|
|
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|
>DCL</TT
|
|
>---is <TT
|
|
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|
>bash</TT
|
|
> (ask your
|
|
sysadm). </P
|
|
></LI
|
|
></UL
|
|
> </P
|
|
><P
|
|
>Please note that this HOWTO is not enough to acquaint you fully with
|
|
Linux: it only contains the bare essential to get you started. You
|
|
should learn more about Linux to make the most of it (advanced <TT
|
|
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|
>bash</TT
|
|
>
|
|
features, programming, regular expressions...). From now on, RMP means
|
|
`please read the man pages for further details'. The man pages are the
|
|
equivalent of the command <TT
|
|
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|
>HELP</TT
|
|
>.</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>The Linux Documentation Project documents, available on <A
|
|
HREF="ftp://sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs/LDP"
|
|
TARGET="_top"
|
|
>�</A
|
|
>, are an important source of
|
|
information. I suggest that you read Larry Greenfield's ``Linux User
|
|
Guide''---it's invaluable for the novice user.</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>And now, go ahead.</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="SECT2"
|
|
><H2
|
|
CLASS="SECT2"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="AEN47"
|
|
></A
|
|
>1.2. Comparing Commands and Files</H2
|
|
><P
|
|
>This table attempts to compare VMS' and Linux' most used commands. Please
|
|
keep in mind that the syntax is often very different; for more details,
|
|
refer to the following sections.</P
|
|
><P
|
|
> <TABLE
|
|
BORDER="1"
|
|
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
><FONT
|
|
COLOR="#000000"
|
|
><PRE
|
|
CLASS="SCREEN"
|
|
>VMS Linux Notes
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
@COMMAND command must be executable
|
|
COPY file1 file2 cp file1 file2
|
|
CREATE/DIR [.dirname] mkdir dirname only one at a time
|
|
CREATE/DIR [.dir1.dir2] mkdirhier dir/name
|
|
DELETE filename rm filename
|
|
DIFF file1 file2 diff -c file1 file2
|
|
DIRECTORY ls
|
|
DIRECTORY [...]file find . -name file
|
|
DIRECTORY/FULL ls -al
|
|
EDIT filename vi filename, you won't like it
|
|
emacs filename, EDT compatible
|
|
jed filename ditto---my favourite
|
|
FORTRAN prog.for g77 prog.f, no need to do LINK
|
|
f77 prog.f,
|
|
fort77 prog.f
|
|
HELP command man command must specify `command'
|
|
info command ditto
|
|
LATEX file.tex latex file.tex
|
|
LOGIN.COM .bash_profile, `hidden' file
|
|
.bashrc ditto
|
|
LOGOUT.COM .bash_logout ditto
|
|
MAIL mail, crude
|
|
elm, much better
|
|
pine better still
|
|
mutt ditto
|
|
PRINT file.ps lpr file.ps
|
|
PRINT/QUEUE=laser file.ps lpr -Plaser file.ps
|
|
PHONE user talk user
|
|
RENAME file1 file2 mv file1 file2 not for multiple files
|
|
RUN progname progname
|
|
SEARCH file "pattern" grep pattern file
|
|
SET DEFAULT [-] cd ..
|
|
SET DEFAULT [.dir.name] cd dir/name
|
|
SET HOST hostname telnet hostname, not exactly the same
|
|
rlogin hostname
|
|
SET FILE/OWNER_UIC=joe chown joe file completely different
|
|
SET NOBROADCAST mesg
|
|
SET PASSWORD passwd
|
|
SET PROT=(perm) file chmod perm file completely different
|
|
SET TERMINAL export TERM= different syntax
|
|
SHOW DEFAULT pwd
|
|
SHOW DEVICE du, df
|
|
SHOW ENTRY lpq
|
|
SHOW PROCESS ps -ax
|
|
SHOW QUEUE lpq
|
|
SHOW SYSTEM top
|
|
SHOW TIME date
|
|
SHOW USERS w
|
|
STOP kill
|
|
STOP/QUEUE kill, for processes
|
|
lprm for print queues
|
|
SUBMIT command command &
|
|
SUBMIT/AFTER=time command at time command
|
|
TEX file.tex tex file.tex
|
|
TYPE/PAGE file more file
|
|
less file much better </PRE
|
|
></FONT
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
> </P
|
|
><P
|
|
>But of course it's not only a matter of different command names. Read on.</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
|
><HR
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
|
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
BORDER="0"
|
|
CELLPADDING="0"
|
|
CELLSPACING="0"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="left"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="index.html"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|
>Prev</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="34%"
|
|
ALIGN="center"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="index.html"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="H"
|
|
>Home</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="right"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="short-intro.html"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|
>Next</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="left"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
>From VMS to Linux HOWTO</TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="34%"
|
|
ALIGN="center"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
> </TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="right"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
>Short Intro</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
></DIV
|
|
></BODY
|
|
></HTML
|
|
> |