442 lines
8.6 KiB
HTML
442 lines
8.6 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML
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><HEAD
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><TITLE
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>Introduction to Linux Traffic Control</TITLE
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><META
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NAME="GENERATOR"
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CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK
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REL="HOME"
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TITLE="Traffic Control HOWTO"
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HREF="index.html"><LINK
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REL="PREVIOUS"
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TITLE="Traffic Control HOWTO"
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HREF="index.html"><LINK
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REL="NEXT"
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TITLE="Overview of Concepts"
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HREF="overview.html"></HEAD
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><BODY
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CLASS="section"
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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TEXT="#000000"
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LINK="#0000FF"
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VLINK="#840084"
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><TR
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><TH
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COLSPAN="3"
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ALIGN="center"
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>Traffic Control HOWTO: </TH
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="index.html"
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ACCESSKEY="P"
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>Prev</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="80%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><TD
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="overview.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="section"
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><H1
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CLASS="section"
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><A
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NAME="intro"
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></A
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>1. Introduction to Linux Traffic Control</H1
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><P
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> Linux offers a very rich set of tools for managing and manipulating the
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transmission of packets. The larger Linux community is very familiar with
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the tools available under Linux for packet mangling and firewalling
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(netfilter, and before that, ipchains) as well as hundreds of network
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services which can run on the operating system. Few inside the community
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and fewer outside the Linux community are aware of the tremendous power of
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the traffic control subsystem which has grown and matured under kernels
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2.2 and 2.4.
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</P
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><P
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> This HOWTO purports to introduce the
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<A
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HREF="overview.html"
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>concepts of traffic control</A
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>,
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<A
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HREF="elements.html"
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>the traditional elements (in general)</A
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>,
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<A
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HREF="components.html"
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>the components of the Linux traffic control
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implementation</A
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> and provide some
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<A
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HREF="rules.html"
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>guidelines</A
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>
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.
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This HOWTO represents the collection, amalgamation and synthesis of the
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<A
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HREF="http://lartc.org/howto/"
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TARGET="_top"
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>LARTC HOWTO</A
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>, documentation from individual projects and importantly
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the <A
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HREF="http://mailman.ds9a.nl/mailman/listinfo/lartc/"
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TARGET="_top"
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>LARTC
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mailing list</A
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> over a period of study.
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</P
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><P
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> The impatient soul, who simply wishes to experiment right now, is
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recommended to the <A
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HREF="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Traffic-Control-tcng-HTB-HOWTO/"
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TARGET="_top"
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> Traffic Control using tcng and HTB HOWTO</A
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> and <A
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HREF="http://lartc.org/howto/"
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TARGET="_top"
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>LARTC HOWTO</A
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> for
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immediate satisfaction.
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</P
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><P
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> </P
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><DIV
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CLASS="section"
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><H2
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CLASS="section"
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><A
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NAME="i-assumptions"
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></A
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>1.1. Target audience and assumptions about the reader</H2
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><P
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> The target audience for this HOWTO is the network administrator or savvy
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home user who desires an introduction to the field of traffic control
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and an overview of the tools available under Linux for implementing
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traffic control.
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</P
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><P
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> I assume that the reader is comfortable with UNIX concepts and the
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command line and has a basic knowledge of IP networking. Users who wish
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to implement traffic control may require the ability to patch, compile
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and install a kernel or software package
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<A
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NAME="AEN91"
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HREF="#FTN.AEN91"
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><SPAN
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CLASS="footnote"
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>[1]</SPAN
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></A
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>. For users with newer kernels
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(2.4.20+, see also
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<A
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HREF="software.html#s-kernel"
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>Section 5.1</A
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>), however, the ability to install and use
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software may be all that is required.
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</P
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><P
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> Broadly speaking, this HOWTO was written with a sophisticated user in
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mind, perhaps one who has already had experience with traffic control
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under Linux. I assume that the reader may have
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no prior traffic control experience.
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="section"
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><H2
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CLASS="section"
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><A
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NAME="i-conventions"
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></A
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>1.2. Conventions</H2
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><P
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> This text was written in
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<A
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HREF="http://www.docbook.org/"
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TARGET="_top"
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>DocBook</A
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>
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(<A
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HREF="http://www.docbook.org/xml/4.2/index.html"
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TARGET="_top"
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>version 4.2</A
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>)
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with
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<A
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HREF="http://vim.sourceforge.net/"
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TARGET="_top"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>vim</B
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></A
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>.
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All formatting has been applied by
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<A
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HREF="http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/"
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TARGET="_top"
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>xsltproc</A
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> based on
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<A
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HREF="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/projects/xsl/"
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TARGET="_top"
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>DocBook
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XSL</A
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> and
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<A
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HREF="http://www.tldp.org/LDP/LDP-Author-Guide/usingldpxsl.html"
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TARGET="_top"
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>LDP
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XSL</A
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> stylesheets. Typeface formatting and display conventions
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are similar to most printed and electronically distributed technical
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documentation.
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="section"
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><H2
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CLASS="section"
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><A
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NAME="i-recommendation"
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></A
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>1.3. Recommended approach</H2
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><P
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> I strongly recommend to the eager reader making a first foray into the
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discipline of traffic control, to become only casually familiar with the
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<A
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HREF="software.html#s-iproute2-tc"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>tc</B
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></A
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> command line utility, before concentrating on <A
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HREF="software.html#s-tcng"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>tcng</B
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></A
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>. The
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<B
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CLASS="command"
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>tcng</B
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> software package defines an entire language for describing
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traffic control structures.
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At first, this language may seem daunting, but mastery of these basics
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will quickly provide the user with a much wider ability to employ (and
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deploy) traffic control configurations than the direct use of <B
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CLASS="command"
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>tc</B
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>
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would afford.
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</P
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><P
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> Where possible, I'll try to prefer describing the behaviour of
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the Linux traffic control system in an abstract manner, although in
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many cases I'll need to supply the syntax of one or the other common
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systems for defining these structures. I may not supply examples in
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both the <B
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CLASS="command"
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>tcng</B
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> language and the <B
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CLASS="command"
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>tc</B
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> command line, so the wise user
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will have some familiarity with both.
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</P
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><P
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> </P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="section"
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><H2
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CLASS="section"
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><A
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NAME="i-missing"
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></A
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>1.4. Missing content, corrections and feedback</H2
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><P
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> There is content yet missing from this HOWTO. In particular, the
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following items will be added at some point to this documentation.
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</P
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><P
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></P
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><UL
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><LI
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><P
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> A description and diagram of GRED, WRR, PRIO
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and CBQ.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> A section of examples.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> A section detailing the classifiers.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> A section discussing the techniques for measuring traffic.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> A section covering meters.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> More details on <B
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CLASS="command"
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>tcng</B
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>.
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</P
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></LI
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></UL
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><P
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> I welcome suggestions, corrections and feedback at <TT
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CLASS="email"
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><<A
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HREF="mailto:martin@linux-ip.net"
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>martin@linux-ip.net</A
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>></TT
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>. All errors
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and omissions are strictly my fault. Although I have made every effort
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to verify the factual correctness of the content presented herein, I
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cannot accept any responsibility for actions taken under the influence
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of this documentation.
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</P
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><P
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> </P
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></DIV
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></DIV
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><H3
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CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
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>Notes</H3
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><TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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WIDTH="5%"
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><A
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NAME="FTN.AEN91"
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HREF="intro.html#AEN91"
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><SPAN
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CLASS="footnote"
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>[1]</SPAN
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></A
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></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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WIDTH="95%"
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><P
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> See <A
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HREF="software.html"
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>Section 5</A
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> for more details on the use or
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installation of a particular traffic control mechanism, kernel or
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command line utility.
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</P
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><DIV
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CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
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>Prev</A
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>Home</A
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>Next</A
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="top"
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>Traffic Control HOWTO</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="34%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="top"
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> </TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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VALIGN="top"
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>Overview of Concepts</TD
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