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234 lines
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<TITLE> Text-Terminal-HOWTO: Appendix A: General</TITLE>
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<A HREF="Text-Terminal-HOWTO-22.html">Next</A>
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<A HREF="Text-Terminal-HOWTO.html#toc21">Contents</A>
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<HR>
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<H2><A NAME="s21">21.</A> <A HREF="Text-Terminal-HOWTO.html#toc21">Appendix A: General</A></H2>
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<H2><A NAME="ss21.1">21.1</A> <A HREF="Text-Terminal-HOWTO.html#toc21.1">List of Linux Terminal Commands</A>
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</H2>
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<H3>Sending a command to the terminal</H3>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>
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<A HREF="Text-Terminal-HOWTO-17.html#setterm_">setterm</A>: long options</LI>
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<LI>
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<A HREF="Text-Terminal-HOWTO-17.html#tput">tput</A>: terse options</LI>
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<LI> reset: initializes only</LI>
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<LI> tset: same as reset</LI>
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<LI> clear: clears screen</LI>
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<LI> setterm -reset: sends reset string</LI>
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</UL>
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</P>
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<H3>Configuring the terminal device driver</H3>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>
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<A HREF="Text-Terminal-HOWTO-15.html#set_serial">Setserial</A>:</LI>
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<LI>
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<A HREF="Text-Terminal-HOWTO-15.html#stty_">Stty</A></LI>
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</UL>
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</P>
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<H3>Terminfo</H3>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>
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<A HREF="Text-Terminal-HOWTO-16.html#tic">Terminfo Compiler (tic)</A> terminfo compiler
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& translator</LI>
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<LI> toe: shows list of terminals for which you have terminfo
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files</LI>
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<LI>
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<A HREF="Text-Terminal-HOWTO-16.html#infocmp">infocmp</A> compares or displays terminfo
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entries</LI>
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</UL>
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</P>
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<H3>Other</H3>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI> gitkeys: shows what bytes each key sends to the host.</LI>
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<LI> tty: shows what tty port you are connected to.</LI>
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<LI> reset -q: shows the value of TERM, the terminfo entry name</LI>
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<LI>
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<A HREF="Text-Terminal-HOWTO-16.html#reset_">reset</A>: sets TERM interactively and initializes</LI>
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</UL>
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</P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss21.2">21.2</A> <A HREF="Text-Terminal-HOWTO.html#toc21.2">The Internet and Books</A>
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</H2>
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<H3><A NAME="internet_"></A> Terminal Info on the Internet </H3>
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<P> In the first decade of the 20th century,
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http://www.cs.utk.edu/ shuford/terminal_index.html was Shuford's Website
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at the University of Tennessee. It was the major sit for information
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about text terminals but is now (2013) defunct. Perhaps one can find it
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archived on the "Wayback" machine.
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http://www.cs.utk.edu/ shuford/terminal/repair_hints_news.txt was
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Shuford's repair archive of newsgroup postings on terminal repair. See
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below for the vt100 part of this website which is still on the internet.</P>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>
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<A HREF="http://www.vt100.net">vt100 section of Shuford's Website</A> </LI>
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<LI>
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_terminal">Text-terminal - Wikipedia</A></LI>
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<LI>
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<A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX_terminal_interface">Terminal Interface per Wikipedia</A> </LI>
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<LI>
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<A HREF="www.gnu.org/manual/glibc/html_chapter/libc_12.html">Low-Level Terminal Interface</A> part of "GNU C Library Reference
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Manual" (in libc (or glibc) docs package). It covers the detailed
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meaning of "stty" commands, etc.</LI>
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<LI>
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<A HREF="http://www.boundless.com/terminals.html">Boundless</A> purchased the VT and Dorio terminal business from
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DEC. Boundless used to have online Specs of their ADDS, VT, and
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DORIO terminals but that link (in previous versions of this HOWTO) is
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now dead. </LI>
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<LI> Wyse had detailed info (such as escape sequences) in it's
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knowledge base. It's not as complete as a real manual since it mainly
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cover "native" personality. It was Wyse text-terminals database" at
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http://www.wyse.com/service/support/kbase/wyseterm.aspi but it's defunct.
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You may still access their knowledge base (does it still cover
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text-terminals) by registering. Start at
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<A HREF="www.wyse.com">www.wyse.com</A>.</LI>
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<LI>
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<A HREF="http://dickey.his.com/ncurses/ncurses.faq.html">ncurses FAQ</A> </LI>
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<LI> comp.terminals is the newsgroup for
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terminals </LI>
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</UL>
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</P>
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<H3>Books related to terminals</H3>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI> EIA-232 serial port see
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<A HREF="Text-Terminal-HOWTO-23.html#RS232_books">EIA-232 (RS-232) Books</A>.</LI>
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<LI> Repair see
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<A HREF="Text-Terminal-HOWTO-20.html#repair_info">Repair Books & Websites</A>.</LI>
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<LI> Terminfo database see
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<A HREF="Text-Terminal-HOWTO-16.html#termcap_docs">Termcap Documents</A></LI>
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</UL>
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</P>
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<H3>Entire books on terminals</H3>
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<P> As far as I know, there is no satisfactory book on text terminals
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Although this HOWTO has been published as a book, I don't suggest that
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that you buy it if you have access to the online version which I'm
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improving on every few months or so. The following are mainly of
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historical interest:</P>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI> Handbook of Interactive Computer Terminals by Duane E. Sharp;
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Reston Publishing Co. 1977. (mostly obsolete)</LI>
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<LI> Communicating with Display Terminals by Roger K. deBry;
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McGraw-Hill 1985. (mostly on IBM synchronous terminals)</LI>
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</UL>
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</P>
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<P>The "HANDBOOK ... " presents brief specifications of over 100 different
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models of antique terminals made in the early 1970's by over 60
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different companies. It also explains how they work physically but
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has a diagram for a CRT which erroneously shows electrostatic
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deflection of the electron beam (p. 36). Terminals actually used
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magnetic deflection (even in the 1970's). This book explains a number
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of advanced technical concepts such as "random scan" and "color
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penetration principle".</P>
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<P>The "COMMUNICATING ... " book in contrast to the "Handbook ... " ignores
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the physical and electronic details of terminals. It has an entire
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chapter explaining binary numbers (which is not needed in a book on
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terminals since this information is widely available elsewhere). It
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seems to mostly cover old IBM terminals (mainly the 3270) in block and
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synchronous modes of operation. It's of little use for the commonly
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used ANSI terminals used today on Unix-like systems. Although it does
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discuss them a little it doesn't show the various wiring schemes used
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to connect them to serial ports.</P>
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<H3>Books with chapters on terminals</H3>
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<P> These chapters cover almost nothing about the terminals themselves
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and their capabilities. Rather, these chapters are mostly about how
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to set up the computer (and its terminal driver) to work with
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terminals. Due to the differences of different Unix-like systems,
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much of the information does not not apply to Linux.</P>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI> Unix Power Tools by Jerry Peck et. al. O'Reilly 1998.
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Ch. 5 Setting Up Your Terminal, Ch. 41: Terminal and Serial Line
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Settings, Ch. 42: Problems With Terminals</LI>
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<LI> Advanced Programming in the Unix Environment by W. Richard Stevens
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Addison-Wesley, 1993. Ch. 11: Terminal I/O, Ch. 19: Pseudo Terminals</LI>
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<LI> Essential System Administration by Aleen Frisch, 2nd ed.
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O'Reilly, 1998. Ch. 11: Terminals and Modems.</LI>
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</UL>
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</P>
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<P>The "UNIX POWER TOOLS" book has 3 short chapters on text terminals.
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It covers less ground than this HOWTO but gives more examples to help
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you.</P>
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<P>The "ADVANCED PROGRAMMING ... " Chapter 11 covers only the device driver
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included in the operating system to deal with terminals. It explains
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the parameters one gives to the stty command to configure the
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terminal.</P>
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<P>The "ESSENTIAL SYSTEM ..." book's chapter has more about terminals
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than modems. It seems well written.</P>
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<H2><A NAME="non_linux"></A> <A NAME="ss21.3">21.3</A> <A HREF="Text-Terminal-HOWTO.html#toc21.3">Non-Linux OSs </A>
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</H2>
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<P>Under Microsoft's DOS one may use the DOS command "ctty COM2" so
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that the DOS command line will display on a serial terminal (on COM2
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in this example). Unfortunately one can then no longer
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use the computer monitor since MS DOS is not a multiuser operating
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system. Nor can more than one terminal be used. So this capability
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is of little (if any) benefit. If you emulate DOS under Linux with
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the free dosemu, it's reported that you can run several terminals
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(multiuser). But it's reported that PCTerm emulation doesn't work
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with it (yet ??).</P>
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<P>While MS didn't create a "multiuser DOS" OS, others did. This permits
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the use of many terminals on one DOS PC. It's compatible with most
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MS-DOS software. One multiuser DOS OS is named "REAL/32". The
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terminal's "pcterm" emulation is used here. There also may be a
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"scan" (scancodes) setup mode which needs to be set. Other OSs such
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as PICK, PC-MOS, and Concurrent DOS were/are multiuser and support
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terminals.</P>
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<P>There are 3 programs for Linux which let you run Windows applications
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on a Linux PC: free: Wine, non-free: VMware and NeTraverse. Can they
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use text-terminals under DOS? Wine can't since it doesn't have a DOS
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mode. The other two require you to run the MS Windows OS software as
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a "guest OS". The guest MS Windows OS has a DOS mode but it's not of
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much use for text-terminals since it's not multiuser.</P>
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<P>For other unix-like OSs, the configuration of the host computer for
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terminals is usually significantly different than for Linux. Here are
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some links to on-line manuals for non-linux systems.</P>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>
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<A HREF="http://docsrv.sco.com:507/en/HANDBOOK/serial_terminal_adding.html">Adding Serial Terminals</A> in SCO OpenServer Handbook.</LI>
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<LI> Hewlett-Packard's HP-UX
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<A HREF="http://docs.hp.com/en/B2355-90675/ch03.html">Configuring Terminals and Modems</A></LI>
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</UL>
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</P>
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<HR>
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