820 lines
12 KiB
HTML
820 lines
12 KiB
HTML
<HTML
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>Configure modem with AT commands</TITLE
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>Remote Serial Console HOWTO</TH
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>Prev</A
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><TD
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WIDTH="80%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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>Chapter 12. Modem configuration</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="modem-internal.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next</A
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><H1
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><A
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NAME="MODEM-HAYES"
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></A
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>12.3. Configure modem with <SPAN
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CLASS="ACRONYM"
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>AT</SPAN
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> commands</H1
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><P
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>Most modems today are smart modems based upon the Hayes
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modems and their command sets. But as discussed above, the
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<SPAN
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CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
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>Linux</SPAN
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> serial console is
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designed to operate with a dumb modem.</P
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><P
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>Thus the smart modem is dumbed-down until it resembles a dumb
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modem. Some expensive modems will have a <SPAN
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CLASS="ACRONYM"
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>DIP</SPAN
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>
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switch or board jumper to put them into dumb mode.</P
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><P
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>It is essential to have a manual for the modem which describes
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that modem's <TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>AT</TT
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> commands. Although most modems
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agree on the more popular <TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>AT</TT
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> commands, they
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differ in the more technical commands.</P
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><H2
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><A
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NAME="MODEM-HAYES-BPS"
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></A
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>12.3.1. Configure port speed</H2
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><P
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>Hayes <SPAN
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CLASS="ACRONYM"
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>AT</SPAN
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>-style modems can maintain a
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static speed between the computer and the modem, no matter what
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speed the dialing modem uses.</P
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><P
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>For most modems this is set automatically based upon the
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speed of the first characters sent after power-on.</P
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><P
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>Power cycle the modem and connect to it with the command
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<B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>minicom -o console</B
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>. Press
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<B
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CLASS="KEYCAP"
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>Enter</B
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> a few times. The modem should now be
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running at the same bit rate used by
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<SPAN
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CLASS="APPLICATION"
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>Minicom</SPAN
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>, which we set to the speed of
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the serial console in <A
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HREF="modem-minicom.html"
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>Section 12.1</A
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>.</P
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><P
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>You can check the port speed by asking the modem to generate
|
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some output.</P
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><DIV
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CLASS="FIGURE"
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><A
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NAME="MODEM-HAYES-BPS-ATI"
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></A
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><P
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><B
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>Figure 12-2. Testing the modem's port speed</B
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></P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="1"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="SCREEN"
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><TT
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CLASS="PROMPT"
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>bash#</TT
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> <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>minicom -o console</B
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>
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Welcome to minicom
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Press CTRL-A Z for help on special keys
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<B
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CLASS="KEYCAP"
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>Enter</B
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> <B
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CLASS="KEYCAP"
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>Enter</B
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> <B
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CLASS="KEYCAP"
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>Enter</B
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>
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<B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>ATI</B
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> <B
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CLASS="KEYCAP"
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>Enter</B
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>
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56k V.90 Series 3 External V2.20
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<B
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CLASS="KEYCAP"
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>Ctrl</B
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>-<B
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CLASS="KEYCAP"
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>A</B
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> <B
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CLASS="KEYCAP"
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>Q</B
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>
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<SPAN
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CLASS="GUIMENU"
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>Leave without reset?</SPAN
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> <SPAN
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CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
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>Yes</SPAN
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></PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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></DIV
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><P
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>Some modems have an <SPAN
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CLASS="ACRONYM"
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>AT</SPAN
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> command to
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re-establish the port speed, look in your modem's manual for the
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<B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>AT&B1</B
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> command. Some modems have a command
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to explicitly set the port speed, look in you modem's manual for
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the <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>ATB</B
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> command.</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><H2
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><A
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NAME="MODEM-HAYES-ANSWER"
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></A
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>12.3.2. Configure answer mode</H2
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><P
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>The modem will answer an incoming call on the second ring
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using the command <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>ATS0=2</B
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>.</P
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><P
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>Don't answer the phone on the first ring as this may
|
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invalidate the certification of the modem in some telephony
|
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jurisdictions.</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
|
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CLASS="SECTION"
|
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><H2
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><A
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NAME="MODEM-HAYES-CTSRTS"
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></A
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>12.3.3. Configure <SPAN
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CLASS="ACRONYM"
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>CTS</SPAN
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>/<SPAN
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CLASS="ACRONYM"
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>RTS</SPAN
|
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> handshaking</H2
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><P
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><SPAN
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CLASS="ACRONYM"
|
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>CTS</SPAN
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>/<SPAN
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CLASS="ACRONYM"
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>RTS</SPAN
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> handshaking
|
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prevents lost characters.</P
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><P
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>The <TT
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CLASS="LITERAL"
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>AT</TT
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> command is
|
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<B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>AT&K3</B
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>.</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECTION"
|
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><H2
|
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CLASS="SECTION"
|
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><A
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NAME="MODEM-HAYES-DCD"
|
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></A
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>12.3.4. Configure Data Carrier Detect</H2
|
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><P
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>Data Carrier Detect should follow the presence or absence of
|
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a calling modem.</P
|
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><P
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>The <SPAN
|
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CLASS="ACRONYM"
|
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>AT</SPAN
|
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> command is
|
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<B
|
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CLASS="COMMAND"
|
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>AT&C1</B
|
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>.</P
|
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></DIV
|
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><DIV
|
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CLASS="SECTION"
|
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><H2
|
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CLASS="SECTION"
|
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><A
|
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NAME="MODEM-HAYES-DTR"
|
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></A
|
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>12.3.5. Configure Data Terminal Ready</H2
|
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><P
|
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>Data Terminal Ready should control the modem. If
|
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<SPAN
|
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CLASS="ACRONYM"
|
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>DTR</SPAN
|
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> is high the modem is ready to receive calls.
|
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If <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="ACRONYM"
|
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>DTR</SPAN
|
|
> is low the modem should not receive any
|
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more calls and should hang up any existing call.</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>The <SPAN
|
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CLASS="ACRONYM"
|
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>AT</SPAN
|
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> command is
|
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<B
|
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CLASS="COMMAND"
|
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>AT&D2</B
|
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>.</P
|
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></DIV
|
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><DIV
|
|
CLASS="SECTION"
|
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><H2
|
|
CLASS="SECTION"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="MODEM-HAYES-CONNECT"
|
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></A
|
|
>12.3.6. Configure no <TT
|
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CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
|
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>CONNECT</TT
|
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>
|
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messages</H2
|
|
><P
|
|
>A Hayes <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="ACRONYM"
|
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>AT</SPAN
|
|
>-style modem usually outputs a
|
|
message when a call is received. For example:</P
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="INFORMALFIGURE"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="MODEM-HAYES-CONNECT-EXAMPLE"
|
|
></A
|
|
><P
|
|
></P
|
|
><TABLE
|
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BORDER="1"
|
|
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
><FONT
|
|
COLOR="#000000"
|
|
><PRE
|
|
CLASS="SCREEN"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
|
|
>CONNECT 9600</TT
|
|
></PRE
|
|
></FONT
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
><P
|
|
></P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><P
|
|
>The modem has a <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="QUOTE"
|
|
>"quiet mode"</SPAN
|
|
> that disables these
|
|
messages.</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>The <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="ACRONYM"
|
|
>AT</SPAN
|
|
> command is
|
|
<B
|
|
CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|
>ATQ1</B
|
|
>. There will be no
|
|
<TT
|
|
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
|
|
>OK</TT
|
|
> printed in response to this
|
|
command.</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="SECTION"
|
|
><H2
|
|
CLASS="SECTION"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="MODEM-HAYES-ECHO"
|
|
></A
|
|
>12.3.7. Configure no echo of commands</H2
|
|
><P
|
|
>Echoing commands can confuse the console, so turn off
|
|
command echoing.</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>The <TT
|
|
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|
>AT</TT
|
|
> command is
|
|
<B
|
|
CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|
>ATE0</B
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="SECTION"
|
|
><H2
|
|
CLASS="SECTION"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="MODEM-HAYES-SPEAKER"
|
|
></A
|
|
>12.3.8. Optionally, configure silent connection</H2
|
|
><P
|
|
>Most modems have a speaker. By default this is connected
|
|
whilst a modem is connecting and negotiating a common protocol and
|
|
speed. This is very useful for a dialing modem, as it prevents a
|
|
human being accidentally repeatedly called. The speaker can be
|
|
annoying on answering modems.</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>If a quieter computer room is desirable, use the
|
|
<B
|
|
CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|
>ATM0</B
|
|
> command to turn off the speaker.</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="SECTION"
|
|
><H2
|
|
CLASS="SECTION"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="MODEM-HAYES-DTRDROP"
|
|
></A
|
|
>12.3.9. Optionally, configure DTR delay</H2
|
|
><P
|
|
>Data Terminal Ready drops when the semiconductor that
|
|
supports the <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="ACRONYM"
|
|
>RS-232</SPAN
|
|
> link is reset. This then
|
|
hangs up the modem. This can be annoying. If the
|
|
<SPAN
|
|
CLASS="APPLICATION"
|
|
>getty</SPAN
|
|
> supports a parameter similar to
|
|
<SPAN
|
|
CLASS="APPLICATION"
|
|
>mgetty</SPAN
|
|
>'s
|
|
<TT
|
|
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|
>toggle-dtr-waittime</TT
|
|
> then it is possible to
|
|
extend the time that the modem will ignore <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="ACRONYM"
|
|
>DTR</SPAN
|
|
>.
|
|
The time that <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="APPLICATION"
|
|
>getty</SPAN
|
|
> holds
|
|
<SPAN
|
|
CLASS="ACRONYM"
|
|
>DTR</SPAN
|
|
> low to force a hang up is extended beyond the
|
|
modem's setting. The result is that resetting the semiconductor
|
|
does not hang up the modem, but <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="APPLICATION"
|
|
>getty</SPAN
|
|
>
|
|
can still hang up the modem at the end of a login session.</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>Check your modem's documentation. Our example modem uses
|
|
S-register 25 to contain the threshold for noticing a change in
|
|
<SPAN
|
|
CLASS="ACRONYM"
|
|
>DTR</SPAN
|
|
>. The value is in one-hundreds of a second.
|
|
By setting the modem with <B
|
|
CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|
>ATS25=150</B
|
|
> (1.5
|
|
seconds) and setting <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="APPLICATION"
|
|
>mgetty</SPAN
|
|
> with
|
|
<TT
|
|
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|
>toggle-dtr-waittime 2000</TT
|
|
> (2 seconds) we ignore
|
|
small blips in <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="ACRONYM"
|
|
>DTR</SPAN
|
|
>.</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="SECTION"
|
|
><H2
|
|
CLASS="SECTION"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="MODEM-HAYES-ATTENTION"
|
|
></A
|
|
>12.3.10. Configure no attention sequence</H2
|
|
><P
|
|
>Once the modem is correctly configured and works well,
|
|
disable the <TT
|
|
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
|
>+++</TT
|
|
> sequence that gives access to
|
|
the modem's command mode.</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>The <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="ACRONYM"
|
|
>AT</SPAN
|
|
> command is
|
|
<B
|
|
CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|
>ATS2=255</B
|
|
>.</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>If this command is accidentally given see <A
|
|
HREF="modem-hayes.html#MODEM-HAYES-RESET"
|
|
>Section 12.3.12</A
|
|
> to reset the modem to its factory
|
|
default parameters and start again.</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="SECTION"
|
|
><H2
|
|
CLASS="SECTION"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="MODEM-HAYES-EXAMPLE"
|
|
></A
|
|
>12.3.11. Configuration example</H2
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="FIGURE"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="MODEM-HAYES-EXAMPLE-CONFIG"
|
|
></A
|
|
><P
|
|
><B
|
|
>Figure 12-3. Configure modem using <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="ACRONYM"
|
|
>AT</SPAN
|
|
>
|
|
commands</B
|
|
></P
|
|
><TABLE
|
|
BORDER="1"
|
|
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
><FONT
|
|
COLOR="#000000"
|
|
><PRE
|
|
CLASS="SCREEN"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="PROMPT"
|
|
>bash#</TT
|
|
> <B
|
|
CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|
>minicom -o console</B
|
|
>
|
|
<TT
|
|
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
|
|
>Welcome to minicom
|
|
Press CTRL-A Z for help on special keys</TT
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
<B
|
|
CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|
>AT &F</B
|
|
> <B
|
|
CLASS="KEYCAP"
|
|
>Enter</B
|
|
>
|
|
<TT
|
|
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
|
|
>OK</TT
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
<B
|
|
CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|
>AT Z</B
|
|
> <B
|
|
CLASS="KEYCAP"
|
|
>Enter</B
|
|
>
|
|
<TT
|
|
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
|
|
>OK</TT
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
<B
|
|
CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|
>AT &C1 &D2 &K3 S0=2 M0</B
|
|
> <B
|
|
CLASS="KEYCAP"
|
|
>Enter</B
|
|
>
|
|
<TT
|
|
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
|
|
>OK</TT
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
<B
|
|
CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|
>AT E0 Q1 S2=255 &W</B
|
|
> <B
|
|
CLASS="KEYCAP"
|
|
>Enter</B
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
<B
|
|
CLASS="KEYCAP"
|
|
>Alt</B
|
|
>-<B
|
|
CLASS="KEYCAP"
|
|
>A</B
|
|
> <B
|
|
CLASS="KEYCAP"
|
|
>Q</B
|
|
>
|
|
<SPAN
|
|
CLASS="GUIMENU"
|
|
>Leave without reset?</SPAN
|
|
> <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
|
|
>Yes</SPAN
|
|
></PRE
|
|
></FONT
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
></DIV
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="SECTION"
|
|
><H2
|
|
CLASS="SECTION"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="MODEM-HAYES-RESET"
|
|
></A
|
|
>12.3.12. Resetting the modem</H2
|
|
><P
|
|
>If you need to issue more <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="ACRONYM"
|
|
>AT</SPAN
|
|
> commands to
|
|
the modem then power cycle the modem. This should place the modem
|
|
into command mode.</P
|
|
><P
|
|
>Now issue the following commands to restore the modem's
|
|
factory configuration.</P
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="FIGURE"
|
|
><A
|
|
NAME="MODEM-HAYES-ATTENTION-REGAIN"
|
|
></A
|
|
><P
|
|
><B
|
|
>Figure 12-4. Resetting a Hayes <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="ACRONYM"
|
|
>AT</SPAN
|
|
>-style
|
|
modem</B
|
|
></P
|
|
><TABLE
|
|
BORDER="1"
|
|
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
><FONT
|
|
COLOR="#000000"
|
|
><PRE
|
|
CLASS="SCREEN"
|
|
><TT
|
|
CLASS="PROMPT"
|
|
>bash#</TT
|
|
> <B
|
|
CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|
>minicom -o console</B
|
|
>
|
|
<TT
|
|
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
|
|
>Welcome to minicom
|
|
Press CTRL-A Z for help on special keys</TT
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
<B
|
|
CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|
>AT &F &Y0 &W &W1</B
|
|
> <B
|
|
CLASS="KEYCAP"
|
|
>Enter</B
|
|
>
|
|
OK
|
|
<B
|
|
CLASS="COMMAND"
|
|
>AT Z</B
|
|
> <B
|
|
CLASS="KEYCAP"
|
|
>Enter</B
|
|
>
|
|
OK
|
|
|
|
<B
|
|
CLASS="KEYCAP"
|
|
>Alt</B
|
|
>-<B
|
|
CLASS="KEYCAP"
|
|
>A</B
|
|
> <B
|
|
CLASS="KEYCAP"
|
|
>Q</B
|
|
>
|
|
<SPAN
|
|
CLASS="GUIMENU"
|
|
>Leave without reset?</SPAN
|
|
> <SPAN
|
|
CLASS="GUIMENUITEM"
|
|
>Yes</SPAN
|
|
></PRE
|
|
></FONT
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><P
|
|
>If this fails then you will need to clear the modem's
|
|
configuration memory. The procedure for this varies by
|
|
manufacturer, and probably requires the disassembly of the
|
|
modem.</P
|
|
></DIV
|
|
></DIV
|
|
><DIV
|
|
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
|
><HR
|
|
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
|
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
|
WIDTH="100%"
|
|
BORDER="0"
|
|
CELLPADDING="0"
|
|
CELLSPACING="0"
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="left"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="modem-dumb.html"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
|
>Prev</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="34%"
|
|
ALIGN="center"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="index.html"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="H"
|
|
>Home</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="right"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="modem-internal.html"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
|
>Next</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
><TR
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="left"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
>Configure dumb modem</TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="34%"
|
|
ALIGN="center"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
><A
|
|
HREF="modem.html"
|
|
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
|
>Up</A
|
|
></TD
|
|
><TD
|
|
WIDTH="33%"
|
|
ALIGN="right"
|
|
VALIGN="top"
|
|
>Internal modems</TD
|
|
></TR
|
|
></TABLE
|
|
></DIV
|
|
></BODY
|
|
></HTML
|
|
> |