427 lines
8.9 KiB
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427 lines
8.9 KiB
HTML
<HTML
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><HEAD
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><TITLE
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>RPM packages</TITLE
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>Burning a RedHat CD HOWTO</TH
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><H1
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CLASS="SECT1"
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><A
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NAME="RPM-PACKAGES"
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></A
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>3. RPM packages</H1
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><P
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> The major part of the Red Hat distribution consists of a set of RPM (Redhat
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Package Manager) files. An RPM package typically contains binary
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executables, along with relevant configuration files and documentation.
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The <A
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HREF="http://www.rpm.org"
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TARGET="_top"
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>rpm</A
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> program is a powerful
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package manager, which can be used to install, query, verify, update, erase
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and build software packages in the RPM format. <TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>Rpm</TT
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>
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convieniently maintains a database of all the software packages it has
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installed, so information on the installed software is available at any time.
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</P
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><P
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> The binary RPM files in the distribution have been built on a system
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running the distribution itself. This is important, because most of the
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programs in the packages rely on shared libraries. From RedHat version 5.0,
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the new version 2 of the GNU standard C library (which is 64-bit clean) has
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been used. This version of the library is commonly referred to as
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<EM
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>glibc</EM
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> or in Linux: <EM
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>libc 6</EM
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>. All
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executables in the distribution have been linked against this library.
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If you attempt to install binary files from a different distribution,
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chances are that they will not work, unless you install the libc5 package
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for backwards compability. There are also incompatibilities between the
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various version of the Redhat Package Manager itself which will make the
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installation of some packages fail even on machines they are supposed to
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(and they would probably) run on.
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</P
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><P
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> The names of the RPM packages contain the suffix <EM
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>.arch.rpm</EM
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>,
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where <EM
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>arch</EM
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> is the architecture, usually having the value
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<EM
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>i386</EM
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> for Intel platform binaries. The packages you install
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must match the versions of the shared libraries available on the machine. The
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<A
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HREF="http://www.rpm.org"
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TARGET="_top"
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>rpm</A
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> program is usually quite good at
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ensuring that this is indeed the case, however, there are ways around this
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check, and you should be sure that you know what you are doing if you force
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installation of packages this way. However, using the RedHat installation
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boot disk, it is ensured that the correct set of RPM packages are installed
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on the machine.
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</P
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><P
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> If you discover a RPM package that was not installed on your system during
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the installation process, don't despair. At any time, you may (as root)
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install RPM packages, for example:
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<TABLE
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BORDER="1"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="SCREEN"
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> # rpm --install WindowMaker-0.18-1b.i386.rpm
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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><P
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> You can even install directly from the Internet, if you know the URL of a
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RPM package:
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<TABLE
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BORDER="1"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="SCREEN"
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> # rpm --install ftp://rufus.w3.org/redhat-contrib/noarch/mirror-2.9-2.noarch.rpm
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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><P
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> If you want to update (or install if it's not present on the machine) a RPM
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package, use the command:
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<TABLE
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BORDER="1"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="SCREEN"
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> # rpm --update WindowMaker-0.18-1b.i386.rpm
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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><P
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> If you want to update a RPM package only if a previous version is already
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installed on the machine use the command:
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<TABLE
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BORDER="1"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="SCREEN"
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> # rpm --freshen WindowMaker-0.18-1b.i386.rpm
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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><P
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> Another version of the RPM packages contains the original sources
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used to build the binaries. These packages have the suffix
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<EM
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>.src.rpm</EM
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> and are situated in the
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<TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>SRPMS</TT
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> directory. These packages compose
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the last two CDs and part of the third one out of the five which compose the 8.0 (or
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7.3) release. For release 9 they are on three separate CDs. For 6.2 (and previous,
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not too old, versions), things change a bit because there is only one installation CD
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not comprising the SRPMS packages, which you can burn on a different disc, if you want.
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</P
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><P
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> To obtain more informations on the Redhat package manager, I suggest you to read
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the man pages and the fairly detailed book <A
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HREF="http://www.rpm.org/max-rpm/"
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TARGET="_top"
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> maximum rpm</A
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>.
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</P
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><P
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> In the next section, I will introduce a C program which will be used in various
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scripts throughout the rest of the howto. It just returns, given two versions of
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the same RPM package, which one is newer. This program is based on the code
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used in the Redhat Package Manager (release 4.1) and is used when the
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<EM
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>--freshen</EM
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> option is given.
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</P
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECT2"
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><H2
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CLASS="SECT2"
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><A
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NAME="RPM-VERSION-COMPARE"
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></A
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>3.1. Comparing two versions of a RPM package</H2
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><P
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> The C code included in the three files
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<A
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HREF="rhcd-scripts/rpmvc/Makefile"
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TARGET="_top"
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> Makefile</A
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>,
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<A
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HREF="rhcd-scripts/rpmvc/rvc.h"
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TARGET="_top"
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> rvc.h</A
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>,
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<A
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HREF="rhcd-scripts/rpmvc/rvc.c"
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TARGET="_top"
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> rvc.c</A
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> was extracted from the Redhat Package
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Manager and (slightly) modified to fit our needs. They form a simple C
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program which given two versions A and B of a package returns 1, 0 or -1
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if A is respectively newer, equal or older than B and other
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values in case of error (you can read the code comments for more detailed
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informations). To compile the program (you need the <TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>make</TT
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>
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program and the <TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>gcc</TT
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> C compiler), put the files in the same
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directory and issue the command:
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<TABLE
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BORDER="1"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="SCREEN"
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> $ make
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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>
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</P
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><P
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> This program is needed by almost every script used in the following sections and is
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found setting the <EM
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>RVC</EM
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> variable in the file
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<A
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HREF="rhcd-scripts/rhcd.conf"
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TARGET="_top"
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>rhcd.conf</A
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>.
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</P
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><P
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> You can find a copy of the source and a precompiled version in the archive
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<A
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HREF="rhcd-scripts.tar.gz"
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TARGET="_top"
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>rhcd-sripts.tar.gz</A
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> in the
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<TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>rpmvc</TT
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> directory.
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</P
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><DIV
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CLASS="NOTE"
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><P
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></P
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><TABLE
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CLASS="NOTE"
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WIDTH="100%"
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BORDER="0"
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="25"
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ALIGN="CENTER"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><IMG
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SRC="../images/note.gif"
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HSPACE="5"
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ALT="Note"></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><P
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> There was an error in the way this program was used by the
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<EM
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>updateDist.sh (ver. < 1.17)</EM
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> and <EM
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>updateCD.sh
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(ver. < 1.12)</EM
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> scripts. I strongly suggest to avoid versions of
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the scripts which have lower release numbers than the reported ones, even if
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the problem doesn't show up really frequently (at least apparently).
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</P
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