590 lines
8.8 KiB
HTML
590 lines
8.8 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML
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>Introduction</TITLE
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TITLE="Linux Partition HOWTO"
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><TR
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><TH
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COLSPAN="3"
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ALIGN="center"
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>Linux Partition HOWTO</TH
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="left"
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><A
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HREF="index.html"
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>Prev</A
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>Next</A
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect1"
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><H1
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CLASS="sect1"
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><A
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NAME="intro"
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></A
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>1. Introduction</H1
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect2"
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><H2
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CLASS="sect2"
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><A
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NAME="explanation"
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></A
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>1.1. What is a partition?</H2
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><P
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> Partitioning is a means to divide a single hard drive into many
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logical drives. A partition is a contiguous set of blocks on a drive
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that are treated as an independant disk. A partition table (the
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creation of which is the topic of this HOWTO) is
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an index that relates sections of the hard drive to partitions.
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</P
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><P
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> Why have multiple partitions?
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<P
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></P
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><UL
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><LI
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><P
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> Encapsulate your data. Since file system corruption is local to
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a partition, you stand to lose only some of your data if an
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accident occurs.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Increase disk space efficiency. You can format partitions with
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varying block sizes, depending on your usage. If your data is in
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a large number of small files (less than 1k) and your partition
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uses 4k sized blocks, you are wasting 3k for every file. In
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general, you waste on average one half of a block for every
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file, so matching block size to the average size of your files
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is important if you have many files.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> Limit data growth. Runaway processes or maniacal users can
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consume so much disk space that the operating system no longer
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has room on the hard drive for its bookkeeping operations. This
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will lead to disaster. By segregating space, you ensure that
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things other than the operating system die when allocated disk
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space is exhausted.
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</P
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></LI
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></UL
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>
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect2"
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><H2
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CLASS="sect2"
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><A
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NAME="AEN57"
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></A
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>1.2. Other Partitioning Software:</H2
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><P
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> <P
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></P
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><UL
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><LI
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><P
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>sfdisk</B
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>: a command-line version of fdisk</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>cfdisk</B
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>: a curses-based version of fdisk</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="http://www.gnu.org/software/parted/parted.html"
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TARGET="_top"
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>parted</B
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></A
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>: Gnu partition editor</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="http://www.powerquest.com/partitionmagic/index.html"
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TARGET="_top"
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><SPAN
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CLASS="productname"
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>Partition Magic</SPAN
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></A
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>:
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a commercial utility to create, resize, merge and convert partitions, without destroying data.
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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><A
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HREF="http://www.linux-mandrake.com/diskdrake"
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TARGET="_top"
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><SPAN
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CLASS="productname"
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>Disk Drake</SPAN
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></A
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>: a Perl/Gtk program to create, rsize, and delete partitions</P
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></LI
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></UL
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>
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect2"
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><H2
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CLASS="sect2"
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><A
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NAME="howtos"
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></A
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>1.3. Related HOWTOs</H2
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><P
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> <DIV
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CLASS="table"
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><A
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NAME="AEN82"
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></A
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><P
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><B
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>Table 1. Related HOWTOs</B
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></P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="1"
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CLASS="CALSTABLE"
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><THEAD
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><TR
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><TH
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Title</TH
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><TH
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Author</TH
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><TH
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Description</TH
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></TR
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></THEAD
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><TBODY
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><A
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HREF="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Install-Strategies"
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TARGET="_top"
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> Dual boot install strategies</A
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>
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</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> <A
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HREF="mailto:tobbyb@usa.net"
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TARGET="_top"
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>Gjoen Stein</A
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>
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</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> How to estimate the various size and speed requirements for
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different parts of the filesystem.
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</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><A
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HREF="http://www.nyx.net/~sgjoen/disk.html"
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TARGET="_top"
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>Linux Multiple
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Disk System Tuning</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><A
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HREF="mailto:sgjoen@mail.nyx.net"
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TARGET="_top"
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>Gjoen Stein</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>How to estimate the various size and speed requirements for
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different parts of the filesystem.</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> <A
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HREF="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Large-Disk-HOWTO.html"
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TARGET="_top"
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> Linux Large Disk
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</A
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>
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</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> <A
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HREF="mailto:aeb@cwi.nl"
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TARGET="_top"
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> Andries Brouwer
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</A
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>
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</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> Instructions and considerations regarding disks with more than 1024 cylinders
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</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> <A
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HREF="http://metalab.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/Quota.html"
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TARGET="_top"
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> Linux Quota
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</A
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>
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</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> <A
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HREF="mailto:mailto:r.vdooren@snow.nl"
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TARGET="_top"
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> Ralf van Dooren
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</A
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>
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</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> Instructions on limiting disk space usage per user (quotas)
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</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> <A
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HREF="http://www.linuxdocs.org/HOWTOs/mini/Partition-Rescue.html"
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TARGET="_top"
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> Partition-Rescue mini-HOWTO
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</A
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>
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</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> <A
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HREF="mailto:jdanield@dodin.net"
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TARGET="_top"
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> Jean-Daniel Dodin
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</A
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>
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</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> How to restore linux partitions after they have been deleted by a
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Windows install. Does not appear to preserve data.
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</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> <A
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HREF="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/ADSM-Backup.html"
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TARGET="_top"
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> Linux ADSM Backup
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</A
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>
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</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> <A
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HREF="mailto:Thomas.Koenig@ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de"
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TARGET="_top"
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> Thomas Koenig
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</A
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>
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</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> Instructions on integrating Linux into an IBM ADSM backup
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environment.
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</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> <A
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HREF="http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/other-formats/html_single/Backup-With-MSDOS.html"
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TARGET="_top"
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> Linux Backup with MSDOS
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</A
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>
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</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> <A
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HREF="mailto:neufeld@physics.utoronto.ca"
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TARGET="_top"
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> Christopher Neufeld
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</A
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>
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</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> Information about MS-DOS driven Linux backups.
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</TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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> Linux HOWTO Index</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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><A
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HREF="mailto:linux-howto@sunsite.unc.edu"
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TARGET="_top"
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>Tim Bynum</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="MIDDLE"
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>Instructions on writing and submitting a HOWTO document</TD
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></TR
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></TBODY
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></TABLE
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></DIV
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>
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect2"
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><H2
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CLASS="sect2"
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><A
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NAME="AEN141"
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></A
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>1.4. Additional information on your system:</H2
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><P
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> <P
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></P
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><UL
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><LI
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><P
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> <A
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HREF="file:/usr/src/linux/Documentation"
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TARGET="_top"
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><TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>/usr/src/linux/Documentation</TT
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></A
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>
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<P
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></P
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><UL
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><LI
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><P
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> <A
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HREF="file:/usr/src/linux/Documentation/ide.txt"
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TARGET="_top"
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> <TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>ide.txt</TT
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></A
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>:
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Info about your IDE drivers
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> <A
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HREF="file:/usr/src/linux/Documentation/scsi.txt"
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TARGET="_top"
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><TT
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CLASS="filename"
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>scsi.txt</TT
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></A
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>:
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Info about your SCSI drivers
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</P
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></LI
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></UL
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>
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</P
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></LI
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></UL
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>
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</P
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></DIV
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
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SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="index.html"
|
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ACCESSKEY="P"
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>Prev</A
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WIDTH="34%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="top"
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HREF="index.html"
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>Home</A
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></TD
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ALIGN="right"
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><A
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HREF="devices.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="top"
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>Linux Partition HOWTO</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="34%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="top"
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> </TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="top"
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>Devices</TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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