266 lines
6.6 KiB
HTML
266 lines
6.6 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML
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><HEAD
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><TITLE
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>Partition Types</TITLE
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><H1
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CLASS="section"
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><A
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NAME="AEN190"
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></A
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>8. Partition Types</H1
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><DIV
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CLASS="section"
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><H2
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CLASS="section"
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><A
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NAME="AEN192"
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></A
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>8.1. Linux Partition Types</H2
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><P
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>A partition is labeled to host a certain kind of file
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system (not to be confused with a volume label. Such a file
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system could be the linux standard ext3 file system or linux
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swap space, or even foreign file systems like (Microsoft)
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NTFS or (Sun) UFS. There is a numerical code associated with
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each partition type. For example, the code for ext2 is
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<FONT
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COLOR="RED"
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>0x83</FONT
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>and linux swap is
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<FONT
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COLOR="RED"
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>0x82</FONT
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>(0x mean hexadecimal).</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="section"
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><H2
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CLASS="section"
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><A
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NAME="AEN197"
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></A
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>8.2. Foreign Partition Types</H2
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><P
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>The partition type codes have been arbitrarily chosen
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(you can't figure out what they should be) and they are
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particular to a given operating system. Therefore, it is
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theoretically possible that if you use two operating systems
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with the same hard drive, the same code might be used to
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designate two different partition types. OS/2 marks its
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partitions with a 0x07 type and so does Windows NT's NTFS.
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MS-DOS allocates several type codes for its various flavors
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of FAT file systems: 0x01, 0x04 and 0x06 are known. DR-DOS
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used 0x81 to indicate protected FAT partitions, creating a
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type clash with Linux/Minix at that time, but neither
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Linux/Minix nor DR-DOS are widely used any more.</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="section"
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><H2
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CLASS="section"
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><A
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NAME="AEN200"
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></A
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>8.3. Swap Partitions</H2
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><P
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>Every process running on your computer is allocated a
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number of blocks of RAM. These blocks are called pages. The
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set of in-memory pages which will be referenced by the
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processor in the very near future is called a "working set."
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Linux tries to predict these memory accesses (assuming that
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recently used pages will be used again in the near future)
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and keeps these pages in RAM if possible.</P
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><P
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>If you have too many processes running on a machine,
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the kernel will try to free up RAM by writing pages to disk.
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This is what swap space is for. It effectively increases the
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amount of memory you have available. However, disk I/O is
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about a hundred times slower than reading from and writing to
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RAM. Consider this emergency memory and not extra
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memory.</P
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><P
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>If memory becomes so scarce that the kernel pages out
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from the working set of one process in order to page in for
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another, the machine is said to be thrashing. Some readers
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might have inadvertenly experienced this: the hard drive is
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grinding away like crazy, but the computer is slow to the
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point of being unusable. Swap space is something you need to
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have, but it is no substitute for sufficient RAM.</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="section"
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><H2
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CLASS="section"
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><A
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NAME="AEN205"
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></A
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>8.4. Complete List</H2
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><P
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>From the fdisk help:</P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> 0 Vide 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix bf Solaris
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1 FAT12 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
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2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
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3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
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4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c7 Syrinx
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5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended da Non-FS data
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6 FAT16 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
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7 HPFS/NTFS 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set de Dell Utility
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8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plein tex df BootIt
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9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM e1 DOS access
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a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e3 DOS R/O
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b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e4 SpeedStor
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c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS eb BeOS fs
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e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ee GPT
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f W95 Etendu (LBA 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
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10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
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11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f1 SpeedStor
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12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a8 UFS Darwin f4 SpeedStor
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14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f2 DOS secondary
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16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Amorce Darwin fb VMware VMFS
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17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
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18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
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1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
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1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Amorce Solaris ff BBT
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</PRE
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></FONT
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