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<HR>
<H2><A NAME="s13">13. Debian installation</A> </H2>
<P>
<P>I'm a Debian proselyte since it is my first Debian installation.
Debian lovers are the same kind of people as Macintosh lovers or
Linux lovers in the operating systems space. Nothing else
counts. Since I'm already a Mac and Linux lover (and French too :-)
it was time to fall in love.
<P>Debian is well, clearly and internationally documented. Thanks to
all those people who bred this really open distribution.
<P>I could leave you on your own during the installation process. But
since we have to interact with a shell during it, the entire process
will be described in detail.
<P>I know the description is Debian specific. I prefer to give you a
complete example than nothing except a ``run a shell at the right
moment and type bla bla...''. I do like concrete examples.
<P>Simon Forget &lt;sforget@camelot.ca&gt; told me he could not use
this howto with his Toshiba Libretto 50CT because the kernel could
not recognize the pcmcia floppy drive during the installation
process. I don't know why but there is a solution using plip, if you
already have a dos partition on the <B>target</B> computer.
<P>This solution is simpler and faster because no floppy drive nor plip
network is necessary during the installation process. If you are
interested in this solution, go directly to the section
<A HREF="PLIP-Install-HOWTO-18.html#INSTALL_FROM_A_DOS_PARTITION">Installing from a DOS partition</A>. I'm keeping the old installation routine because this
new one needs a DOS partition that becomes superfluous when you
definitely want to leave the dark side.
<P>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss13.1">13.1 Preparing the two floppies</A>
</H2>
<P>
<P>On the <B>source</B> side, mount the cdrom and go to the install
directory
<P>
<PRE>
$ mount -t iso9660 /dev/hdd /cdrom
</PRE>
<P>The device for your CDROM may be /dev/hdb or /dev/hdc or another
device (SCSI), depending on where is plugged your CDROM.
<P>
<PRE>
$ cd /cdrom/debian/dists/stable/main/disks-i386/current/
</PRE>
<P>Read the file install.html with a browser or install.txt with a
more, a less, a cat (or a dog?).
<P>Now, record the install (alias rescue) floppy. Write a
"<CODE>resc1440.bin</CODE>" label on it:
<P>
<PRE>
$ dd if=resc1440.bin of=/dev/fd0H1440
</PRE>
<P>Write the drivers floppy. Write a "<CODE>drv1440.bin</CODE>" label on it:
<P>
<PRE>
$ dd if=drv1440.bin of=/dev/fd0H1440
</PRE>
<P>Then make sure that the floppies are write-protected.
<P>Now you're ready to start the real installation process.
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss13.2">13.2 The real installation process</A>
</H2>
<P>Insert the resc1440.bin floppy on <B>target</B> drive. Reboot
your <B>target</B> box.
<P>
<PRE>
Welcome to Debian GNU/Linux 2.x!
...
</PRE>
<P>Read the text. The prompt is:
<P>
<PRE>
boot:
</PRE>
<P>Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Loading root.bin...........
loading linux...
....
</PRE>
<P>A new screen:
<P>
<PRE>
Next: Select Color or Monochrome display
</PRE>
<P>Choose yours with the arrow up/down keys and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Next: Continue with the installation
</PRE>
<P>press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Software in the Public Interest
presents
*** Debian GNU/Linux 2.1 ***
...
</PRE>
<P>Read the text Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE> (You see
<CODE>&lt;Continue&gt;</CODE> on the screen)
<P>
<PRE>
Next: Configure the Keyboard
</PRE>
<P>press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
Select your country and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Next : Partition a Hard Disk
</PRE>
<P>Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Select Disk Drive
usually /dev/hda
</PRE>
<P>If you have several disks choose the good one (where you want to
install Linux) and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>You are now using the program <CODE>cfdisk</CODE>. Using
<CODE>cfdisk</CODE> is safe until you decide to <CODE>[Write]</CODE> the
partition on disk. Leaving <CODE>cfdisk</CODE> with <CODE>[Quit]</CODE> is
safe.
<P>We are going to make just two new primary partitions, a Swap one and
a big Linux one. If you want to create more partitions, leave some
free space or extended partitions, you can. But read the
documentation about "Partitioning" in the
<EM>Installation-HOWTO</EM>, especially if you have more than 1024
cylinders and an old version of LILO.
<P>If you previously ran the <CODE>FIPS</CODE> program, you see the
<CODE>hda1</CODE> partition (<CODE>DOSFAT16</CODE>). Switch to the next free
partition with the up/down arrow keys.
<P>Select <CODE>[New]</CODE> with the right/left arrow keys and press
<CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>Select <CODE>[Primary]</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>Enter the size of your swap partition. Twice the RAM is usual if you
have less than 128 megabytes of ram. If you have 2 gigabytes of
RAM, it's because you don't want to swap. In that case, no swap
partition is needed.
<P>Select <CODE>[Beginning]</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>Select <CODE>[Type]</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>. Type
<CODE>82</CODE> (Linux Swap) and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>.
<P>Switch to the next free partition with the up/down arrow
keys. Select <CODE>[New]</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>Select <CODE>[Primary]</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>Enter the size in MB (you can leave the default) and press
<CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE> Its type should be already Linux. If not,
change to Linux (83) with <CODE>[Type]</CODE>
<P>The partition table is defined now. Verify everything looks good. If
you're not sure, read the documentation with <CODE>[Help]</CODE>. If
doubts are still there, select <CODE>[Quit]</CODE> and leave the
installation process. Go for a walk and restart from the beginning
of this section.
<P>I assume you are confident now.
<P>Select <CODE>[Write]</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Are you sure you want to write the partition table to disk?
</PRE>
<P>Type "<CODE>yes</CODE>" and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>Select <CODE>[Quit]</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Next: Initialize and Activate a Swap Partition
</PRE>
<P>Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Please select the partition to initialize as a swap device
</PRE>
<P>Select <CODE>/dev/hda2</CODE> (normally already selected).
Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Scan for Bad Blocks?
</PRE>
<P>select <CODE>&lt;YES&gt;</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Are you Sure?
</PRE>
<P>select <CODE>&lt;YES&gt;</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Initializing swap partition
...
</PRE>
<P>
<P>
<PRE>
Next: Initialize a Linux Partition
</PRE>
<P>Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Select Partition. Please select the partition to initialize as a
Linux "ext2" file-system.
</PRE>
<P>Select <CODE>/dev/hda3</CODE> (normally already selected) and press
<CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>.
<P>
<PRE>
Scan for Bad Blocks?
</PRE>
<P>Select <CODE>&lt;YES&gt;</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Are you Sure?
</PRE>
<P>Select <CODE>&lt;YES&gt;</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>A new page full of numbers. You can take a rest because it takes
some time (especially with a big hard disk).
<P>
<PRE>
Next: Mount a Previously-Initialized Partition
</PRE>
<P>Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Please select the partition to mount
</PRE>
<P>Select <CODE>/dev/hda3</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Mount the /dev/hda3 device as the Root FileSystem?
</PRE>
<P>Select <CODE>&lt;Yes&lt;</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Next: Install Operating System Kernel and Modules
</PRE>
<P>Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Please select the medium you will use to install the system
</PRE>
<P>
<P>Select <CODE>/dev/fd0</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Please place the Rescue Floppy in the first floppy drive
</PRE>
<P>The floppy is already there.<BR>
Select <CODE>&lt;Continue&gt;</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Installing the Rescue Floppy ...
Please place the Drivers Floppy in the first floppy drive
</PRE>
<P>
<P>Eject the Rescue Floppy and insert the Drivers Floppy, the one I
you labelled <CODE>drv1440.bin</CODE> (you did it, didn't you?).<BR>
Select <CODE>&lt;Continue&gt;</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Installing the Drivers Floppy ...
</PRE>
<P>A new screen:
<P>
<PRE>
Next: Configure Device Driver Modules
</PRE>
<P>Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Select Category
</PRE>
<P>Read the text.
<P>
<PRE>
Please select the category of modules
</PRE>
<P>Select <CODE>net</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE> <BR>
Select <CODE>plip</CODE>.
<P>
<PRE>
Module plip
</PRE>
<P>Select "Install the module in the kernel" and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE> <BR>
No parameters are needed. <BR>
Select <CODE>&lt;Ok&gt;</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Installation succeeded
Please press ENTER when you are ready to continue.
</PRE>
<P>Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>Select <CODE>Exit</CODE> ("Finished with these modules") and press
<CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE> <BR> Then you see the same kind of
screen again. <BR> Select <CODE>Exit</CODE> ("Finished with these
modules") and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Next: Configure the Network
</PRE>
<P>Choose a name, you can use a different name than <CODE>debian</CODE> or
<CODE>target</CODE>.<BR> Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Is your system connect to a network?
</PRE>
<P>Select <CODE>&lt;No&gt;</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P><B>STOP STOP STOP</B>. You see now:
<P>
<PRE>
Next: Install the base system
</PRE>
<P>Now we need a shell.
<P>Press <CODE>Alt F2</CODE> and <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
You are in a root shell.
<P>
<P>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss13.3">13.3 An installation break: PLIP on the target side</A>
</H2>
<P>
<P>You are in a root shell.
<P>Verify the plip module is loaded:
<P>
<PRE>
$ lsmod
Module Pages Used by
plip 3 0
</PRE>
<P>Find the exact name of the plip interface:
<P>
<PRE>
$ dmesg
...
NET3 PLIP version 2.2 gniibe@mri.co.jp
plip1: Parallel port at 0x378, using assigned IRQ 7
</PRE>
<P>You can find the same information with
<P>
<PRE>
$ cat /proc/kmsg
...
&lt;4>NET3 PLIP version 2.2 gniibe@mri.co.jp
&lt;4>plip1: Parallel port at 0x378, using assigned IRQ 7
...
Ctrl-c (or ^C if you prefer)
</PRE>
<P>Configure the plip interface:
<P>
<PRE>
$ ifconfig plip1 192.168.0.1 pointopoint 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.255 up
</PRE>
<P>Verify everything is ok:
<P>
<PRE>
$ ifconfig plip1
plip0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FC:FC:C0:A8:00:01
inet addr:192.168.0.1 P-t-P:192.168.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.255
UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
Collisions:0
Interrupt:7 Base address:0x378
</PRE>
<P>Verify the route to <B>source</B> exists:
<P>
<PRE>
$ route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo
</PRE>
<P>If not, like in the previous example, add the route to 192.168.0.2,
the <B>source</B>:
<P>
<PRE>
$ route add -host 192.168.0.2 dev plip1
</PRE>
<P>Now the route is installed:
<P>
<PRE>
$ route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.0.2 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 plip1
127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo
</PRE>
<P>
<P>Now you can perform a successful <CODE>ping</CODE> from the
<B>source</B> server (<CODE>ping</CODE> is not available on the Debian
install process):
<P>
<PRE>
$ ping target
PING target (192.168.0.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=14.0 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=4.3 ms
--- target ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 4.3/9.1/14.0 ms
</PRE>
<P>If it doesn't work, check the Null-Modem cable connection, rerun
<CODE>dmesg</CODE>, <CODE>ifconfig</CODE>, <CODE>route</CODE>. Verify
everything. Take a rest. Restart.
<P>When the ping is okay, return to the normal installation process:
<P>On the target: press <CODE>Alt F1</CODE>
<P>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss13.4">13.4 Return to the normal install process</A>
</H2>
<P>
<P>You are back to the normal installation process. You should still
see:
<P>
<PRE>
Next: Install the base system
</PRE>
<P>Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Please select the medium you will use to install the system
</PRE>
<P>Select <CODE>nfs</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Please choose the NFS server and the mount path ...
</PRE>
<P>Type: <CODE>192.168.0.2:/cdrom</CODE><BR>
Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Please choose the path inside the mounted NFS filesystem
</PRE>
<P>Type /debian (normally already there) and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>If no error message complains about the nfs mount then bravo. You can
verify this mount by entering the shell again:
<P>Press <CODE>Alt F2</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
$ mount
...
192.168.0.2:/cdrom on /instmnt type nfs (rw, addr=192.168.0.2)
$ ls /instmnt/debian
README README.non-US doc/
README.CD-manufacture README.pgp@ hamm/
README.mirrors.html TRANS.TBL tools/
README.mirrors.txt dists/
</PRE>
<P>Press <CODE>Alt F1</CODE>
<P>You're back again to the normal installation process.
<P>Now the plip nfs cdrom connection is done. Let's go on and finish
our job.
<P>
<PRE>
Please select the directory containing a file base2_0.tgz
</PRE>
<P>Select <CODE>list</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Please Wait
The installation program is building a list of ...
</PRE>
<P>A new screen:
<P>
<PRE>
Select Archive Path
Please select the directory that you will use to install the Base
System from.
</PRE>
<P>Only one long item, already selected. Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
The Base System is being extracted from
/instmnt/debian/dists/.....
</PRE>
<P>Take a second rest, you deserve it
<P>
<PRE>
Next: Configure the Base System
</PRE>
<P>Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Select Timezone
</PRE>
<P>Select your timezone and your directory and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Timezone Configuration
</PRE>
<P>Read and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Timezone Configuration.
</PRE>
<P>An other page. Read, select <CODE>&lt;YES&gt;</CODE> and press
<CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Next: Make Linux Bootable Directly From Hard Disk
</PRE>
<P>Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Create Master Boot Record?
</PRE>
<P>Read<BR>
Select <CODE>&lt;Yes&gt;</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Make Linux the Default Boot Partition?
</PRE>
<P>Read.<BR>
Select <CODE>&lt;No&gt;</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Next: Make a boot Floppy
</PRE>
<P>Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Change Disk
Please place a blank floppy disk in the first floppy drive.
</PRE>
<P>Do it and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE> <BR>
The floppy is being formatted
<P>
<PRE>
Creating a filesystem on the floppy...
Copying the operating system kernel...
</PRE>
<P>A new screen:
<P>
<PRE>
Next: Reboot the System
</PRE>
<P>Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Reboot the system ?
</PRE>
<P>Remove the floppy and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>The system reboots. Are you still with the dark side? I guess yes,
so insert the boot floppy you've just made and reboot again with
<CODE>Ctrl-Alt-Del</CODE>
<P>See the boot messages.<BR>
Read the text.
<P>
<PRE>
New password:
</PRE>
<P>Enter a root password.
<P>
<PRE>
Re-enter new password
</PRE>
<P>Do it. And learn it.
<P>
<PRE>
Shall I create a normal user account now? [Y/n]
</PRE>
<P>Enter <CODE>n</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>. Unless you want
to do it (it is safe and good, in fact).
<P>
<PRE>
Shall I install shadow passwords? [Y/n]
</PRE>
<P>Enter <CODE>y</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Do you want to use a PPP connection to install
</PRE>
<P>Enter <CODE>n</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
Now you may choose one of several selections ...
Do you want to perform this step?
</PRE>
<P>Enter <CODE>n</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
I'm going to start the 'dselect' program...
</PRE>
<P>Press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE> <BR>
Select <CODE>[Q]uit</CODE> and press <CODE>&lt;ENTER&gt;</CODE>
<P>
<PRE>
You may now login as 'root' at the login: prompt...
...
debian login:
</PRE>
<P>Enter <CODE>root</CODE>.
<P>
<PRE>
Password:
</PRE>
<P>Enter the root password.
<P>
<PRE>
...
debian:~#
</PRE>
<P>The system is installed and working. CONGRATULATIONS!
<P>My job stops here. Read the install documentation of your
distribution and go on with the Unix system administration job.
<P>When you reboot your system, the plip connection won't be in good
shape. But now you know what to do.
<P>I suggest you some work:
<UL>
<LI>Configure the plip interface for the normal boot process (in
the file <CODE>/etc/init.d/network</CODE>).
</LI>
<LI>Configure <CODE>/etc/fstat</CODE> on the <B>target</B> to
simply mount the remote <B>source</B> cdrom via nfs.
<PRE>
source:/cdrom /cdrom nfs noauto,intr 1 2
</PRE>
</LI>
<LI>Learn Lilo. Configure it for your DOS and Linux systems and
install it on a floppy.
</LI>
<LI>When you master Lilo on the floppy, install it on your hard
drive.
</LI>
<LI>Install and configure the X Window System.
</LI>
<LI>Have fun.
</LI>
<LI>Mail me some feedback.
</LI>
</UL>
<P>
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