665 lines
19 KiB
HTML
665 lines
19 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
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<TITLE> PLIP Install HOWTO: Debian installation</TITLE>
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<LINK HREF="PLIP-Install-HOWTO-14.html" REL=next>
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<LINK HREF="PLIP-Install-HOWTO-12.html" REL=previous>
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<LINK HREF="PLIP-Install-HOWTO.html#toc13" REL=contents>
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</HEAD>
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<BODY>
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<A HREF="PLIP-Install-HOWTO-14.html">Next</A>
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<A HREF="PLIP-Install-HOWTO-12.html">Previous</A>
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<A HREF="PLIP-Install-HOWTO.html#toc13">Contents</A>
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<HR>
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<H2><A NAME="s13">13. Debian installation</A> </H2>
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<P>
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<P>I'm a Debian proselyte since it is my first Debian installation.
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Debian lovers are the same kind of people as Macintosh lovers or
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Linux lovers in the operating systems space. Nothing else
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counts. Since I'm already a Mac and Linux lover (and French too :-)
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it was time to fall in love.
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<P>Debian is well, clearly and internationally documented. Thanks to
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all those people who bred this really open distribution.
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<P>I could leave you on your own during the installation process. But
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since we have to interact with a shell during it, the entire process
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will be described in detail.
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<P>I know the description is Debian specific. I prefer to give you a
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complete example than nothing except a ``run a shell at the right
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moment and type bla bla...''. I do like concrete examples.
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<P>Simon Forget <sforget@camelot.ca> told me he could not use
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this howto with his Toshiba Libretto 50CT because the kernel could
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not recognize the pcmcia floppy drive during the installation
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process. I don't know why but there is a solution using plip, if you
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already have a dos partition on the <B>target</B> computer.
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<P>This solution is simpler and faster because no floppy drive nor plip
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network is necessary during the installation process. If you are
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interested in this solution, go directly to the section
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<A HREF="PLIP-Install-HOWTO-18.html#INSTALL_FROM_A_DOS_PARTITION">Installing from a DOS partition</A>. I'm keeping the old installation routine because this
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new one needs a DOS partition that becomes superfluous when you
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definitely want to leave the dark side.
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<P>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss13.1">13.1 Preparing the two floppies</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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<P>On the <B>source</B> side, mount the cdrom and go to the install
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directory
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<P>
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<PRE>
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$ mount -t iso9660 /dev/hdd /cdrom
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</PRE>
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<P>The device for your CDROM may be /dev/hdb or /dev/hdc or another
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device (SCSI), depending on where is plugged your CDROM.
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<P>
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<PRE>
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$ cd /cdrom/debian/dists/stable/main/disks-i386/current/
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</PRE>
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<P>Read the file install.html with a browser or install.txt with a
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more, a less, a cat (or a dog?).
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<P>Now, record the install (alias rescue) floppy. Write a
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"<CODE>resc1440.bin</CODE>" label on it:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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$ dd if=resc1440.bin of=/dev/fd0H1440
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</PRE>
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<P>Write the drivers floppy. Write a "<CODE>drv1440.bin</CODE>" label on it:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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$ dd if=drv1440.bin of=/dev/fd0H1440
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</PRE>
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<P>Then make sure that the floppies are write-protected.
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<P>Now you're ready to start the real installation process.
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss13.2">13.2 The real installation process</A>
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</H2>
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<P>Insert the resc1440.bin floppy on <B>target</B> drive. Reboot
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your <B>target</B> box.
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Welcome to Debian GNU/Linux 2.x!
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...
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</PRE>
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<P>Read the text. The prompt is:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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boot:
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</PRE>
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<P>Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Loading root.bin...........
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loading linux...
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....
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</PRE>
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<P>A new screen:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Next: Select Color or Monochrome display
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</PRE>
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<P>Choose yours with the arrow up/down keys and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Next: Continue with the installation
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</PRE>
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<P>press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Software in the Public Interest
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presents
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*** Debian GNU/Linux 2.1 ***
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...
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</PRE>
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<P>Read the text Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE> (You see
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<CODE><Continue></CODE> on the screen)
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Next: Configure the Keyboard
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</PRE>
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<P>press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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Select your country and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Next : Partition a Hard Disk
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</PRE>
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<P>Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Select Disk Drive
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usually /dev/hda
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</PRE>
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<P>If you have several disks choose the good one (where you want to
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install Linux) and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>You are now using the program <CODE>cfdisk</CODE>. Using
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<CODE>cfdisk</CODE> is safe until you decide to <CODE>[Write]</CODE> the
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partition on disk. Leaving <CODE>cfdisk</CODE> with <CODE>[Quit]</CODE> is
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safe.
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<P>We are going to make just two new primary partitions, a Swap one and
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a big Linux one. If you want to create more partitions, leave some
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free space or extended partitions, you can. But read the
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documentation about "Partitioning" in the
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<EM>Installation-HOWTO</EM>, especially if you have more than 1024
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cylinders and an old version of LILO.
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<P>If you previously ran the <CODE>FIPS</CODE> program, you see the
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<CODE>hda1</CODE> partition (<CODE>DOSFAT16</CODE>). Switch to the next free
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partition with the up/down arrow keys.
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<P>Select <CODE>[New]</CODE> with the right/left arrow keys and press
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<CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>Select <CODE>[Primary]</CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>Enter the size of your swap partition. Twice the RAM is usual if you
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have less than 128 megabytes of ram. If you have 2 gigabytes of
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RAM, it's because you don't want to swap. In that case, no swap
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partition is needed.
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<P>Select <CODE>[Beginning]</CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>Select <CODE>[Type]</CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>. Type
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<CODE>82</CODE> (Linux Swap) and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>.
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<P>Switch to the next free partition with the up/down arrow
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keys. Select <CODE>[New]</CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>Select <CODE>[Primary]</CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>Enter the size in MB (you can leave the default) and press
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<CODE><ENTER></CODE> Its type should be already Linux. If not,
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change to Linux (83) with <CODE>[Type]</CODE>
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<P>The partition table is defined now. Verify everything looks good. If
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you're not sure, read the documentation with <CODE>[Help]</CODE>. If
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doubts are still there, select <CODE>[Quit]</CODE> and leave the
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installation process. Go for a walk and restart from the beginning
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of this section.
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<P>I assume you are confident now.
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<P>Select <CODE>[Write]</CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Are you sure you want to write the partition table to disk?
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</PRE>
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<P>Type "<CODE>yes</CODE>" and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>Select <CODE>[Quit]</CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Next: Initialize and Activate a Swap Partition
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</PRE>
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<P>Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Please select the partition to initialize as a swap device
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</PRE>
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<P>Select <CODE>/dev/hda2</CODE> (normally already selected).
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Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Scan for Bad Blocks?
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</PRE>
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<P>select <CODE><YES></CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Are you Sure?
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</PRE>
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<P>select <CODE><YES></CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Initializing swap partition
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...
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</PRE>
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<P>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Next: Initialize a Linux Partition
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</PRE>
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<P>Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Select Partition. Please select the partition to initialize as a
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Linux "ext2" file-system.
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</PRE>
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<P>Select <CODE>/dev/hda3</CODE> (normally already selected) and press
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<CODE><ENTER></CODE>.
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Scan for Bad Blocks?
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</PRE>
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<P>Select <CODE><YES></CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Are you Sure?
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</PRE>
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<P>Select <CODE><YES></CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>A new page full of numbers. You can take a rest because it takes
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some time (especially with a big hard disk).
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Next: Mount a Previously-Initialized Partition
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</PRE>
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<P>Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Please select the partition to mount
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</PRE>
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<P>Select <CODE>/dev/hda3</CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Mount the /dev/hda3 device as the Root FileSystem?
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</PRE>
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<P>Select <CODE><Yes<</CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Next: Install Operating System Kernel and Modules
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</PRE>
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<P>Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Please select the medium you will use to install the system
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</PRE>
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<P>
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<P>Select <CODE>/dev/fd0</CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Please place the Rescue Floppy in the first floppy drive
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</PRE>
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<P>The floppy is already there.<BR>
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Select <CODE><Continue></CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Installing the Rescue Floppy ...
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Please place the Drivers Floppy in the first floppy drive
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</PRE>
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<P>
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<P>Eject the Rescue Floppy and insert the Drivers Floppy, the one I
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you labelled <CODE>drv1440.bin</CODE> (you did it, didn't you?).<BR>
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Select <CODE><Continue></CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Installing the Drivers Floppy ...
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</PRE>
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<P>A new screen:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Next: Configure Device Driver Modules
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</PRE>
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<P>Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Select Category
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</PRE>
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<P>Read the text.
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Please select the category of modules
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</PRE>
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<P>Select <CODE>net</CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE> <BR>
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Select <CODE>plip</CODE>.
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Module plip
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</PRE>
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<P>Select "Install the module in the kernel" and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE> <BR>
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No parameters are needed. <BR>
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Select <CODE><Ok></CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Installation succeeded
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Please press ENTER when you are ready to continue.
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</PRE>
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<P>Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>Select <CODE>Exit</CODE> ("Finished with these modules") and press
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<CODE><ENTER></CODE> <BR> Then you see the same kind of
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screen again. <BR> Select <CODE>Exit</CODE> ("Finished with these
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modules") and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Next: Configure the Network
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</PRE>
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<P>Choose a name, you can use a different name than <CODE>debian</CODE> or
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<CODE>target</CODE>.<BR> Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Is your system connect to a network?
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</PRE>
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<P>Select <CODE><No></CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P><B>STOP STOP STOP</B>. You see now:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Next: Install the base system
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</PRE>
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<P>Now we need a shell.
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<P>Press <CODE>Alt F2</CODE> and <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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You are in a root shell.
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<P>
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<P>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss13.3">13.3 An installation break: PLIP on the target side</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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<P>You are in a root shell.
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<P>Verify the plip module is loaded:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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$ lsmod
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Module Pages Used by
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plip 3 0
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</PRE>
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<P>Find the exact name of the plip interface:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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$ dmesg
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...
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NET3 PLIP version 2.2 gniibe@mri.co.jp
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plip1: Parallel port at 0x378, using assigned IRQ 7
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</PRE>
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<P>You can find the same information with
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<P>
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<PRE>
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$ cat /proc/kmsg
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...
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<4>NET3 PLIP version 2.2 gniibe@mri.co.jp
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<4>plip1: Parallel port at 0x378, using assigned IRQ 7
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...
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Ctrl-c (or ^C if you prefer)
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</PRE>
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<P>Configure the plip interface:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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$ ifconfig plip1 192.168.0.1 pointopoint 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.255 up
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</PRE>
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<P>Verify everything is ok:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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$ ifconfig plip1
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plip0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FC:FC:C0:A8:00:01
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inet addr:192.168.0.1 P-t-P:192.168.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.255
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UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1
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RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
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TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
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Collisions:0
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Interrupt:7 Base address:0x378
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</PRE>
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<P>Verify the route to <B>source</B> exists:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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$ route
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Kernel IP routing table
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Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
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127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo
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</PRE>
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<P>If not, like in the previous example, add the route to 192.168.0.2,
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the <B>source</B>:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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$ route add -host 192.168.0.2 dev plip1
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</PRE>
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<P>Now the route is installed:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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$ route
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Kernel IP routing table
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Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
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192.168.0.2 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 plip1
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127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo
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</PRE>
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<P>
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<P>Now you can perform a successful <CODE>ping</CODE> from the
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<B>source</B> server (<CODE>ping</CODE> is not available on the Debian
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install process):
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<P>
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<PRE>
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$ ping target
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PING target (192.168.0.1): 56 data bytes
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64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=14.0 ms
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64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=4.3 ms
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--- target ping statistics ---
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2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
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round-trip min/avg/max = 4.3/9.1/14.0 ms
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</PRE>
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<P>If it doesn't work, check the Null-Modem cable connection, rerun
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<CODE>dmesg</CODE>, <CODE>ifconfig</CODE>, <CODE>route</CODE>. Verify
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everything. Take a rest. Restart.
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<P>When the ping is okay, return to the normal installation process:
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<P>On the target: press <CODE>Alt F1</CODE>
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<P>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss13.4">13.4 Return to the normal install process</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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<P>You are back to the normal installation process. You should still
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see:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Next: Install the base system
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</PRE>
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<P>Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Please select the medium you will use to install the system
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</PRE>
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<P>Select <CODE>nfs</CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Please choose the NFS server and the mount path ...
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</PRE>
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<P>Type: <CODE>192.168.0.2:/cdrom</CODE><BR>
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Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Please choose the path inside the mounted NFS filesystem
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</PRE>
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<P>Type /debian (normally already there) and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
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<P>If no error message complains about the nfs mount then bravo. You can
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verify this mount by entering the shell again:
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<P>Press <CODE>Alt F2</CODE>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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$ mount
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...
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192.168.0.2:/cdrom on /instmnt type nfs (rw, addr=192.168.0.2)
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$ ls /instmnt/debian
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README README.non-US doc/
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README.CD-manufacture README.pgp@ hamm/
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README.mirrors.html TRANS.TBL tools/
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README.mirrors.txt dists/
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</PRE>
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<P>Press <CODE>Alt F1</CODE>
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<P>You're back again to the normal installation process.
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<P>Now the plip nfs cdrom connection is done. Let's go on and finish
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our job.
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<P>
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<PRE>
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Please select the directory containing a file base2_0.tgz
|
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</PRE>
|
|
<P>Select <CODE>list</CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Please Wait
|
|
The installation program is building a list of ...
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>A new screen:
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Select Archive Path
|
|
Please select the directory that you will use to install the Base
|
|
System from.
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Only one long item, already selected. Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
The Base System is being extracted from
|
|
/instmnt/debian/dists/.....
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Take a second rest, you deserve it
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Next: Configure the Base System
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Select Timezone
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Select your timezone and your directory and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Timezone Configuration
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Read and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Timezone Configuration.
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>An other page. Read, select <CODE><YES></CODE> and press
|
|
<CODE><ENTER></CODE>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Next: Make Linux Bootable Directly From Hard Disk
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Create Master Boot Record?
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Read<BR>
|
|
Select <CODE><Yes></CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Make Linux the Default Boot Partition?
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Read.<BR>
|
|
Select <CODE><No></CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Next: Make a boot Floppy
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Change Disk
|
|
Please place a blank floppy disk in the first floppy drive.
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Do it and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE> <BR>
|
|
The floppy is being formatted
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Creating a filesystem on the floppy...
|
|
Copying the operating system kernel...
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>A new screen:
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Next: Reboot the System
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Reboot the system ?
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Remove the floppy and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
|
|
<P>The system reboots. Are you still with the dark side? I guess yes,
|
|
so insert the boot floppy you've just made and reboot again with
|
|
<CODE>Ctrl-Alt-Del</CODE>
|
|
<P>See the boot messages.<BR>
|
|
Read the text.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
New password:
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Enter a root password.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Re-enter new password
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Do it. And learn it.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Shall I create a normal user account now? [Y/n]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Enter <CODE>n</CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>. Unless you want
|
|
to do it (it is safe and good, in fact).
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Shall I install shadow passwords? [Y/n]
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Enter <CODE>y</CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Do you want to use a PPP connection to install
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Enter <CODE>n</CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Now you may choose one of several selections ...
|
|
Do you want to perform this step?
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Enter <CODE>n</CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
I'm going to start the 'dselect' program...
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Press <CODE><ENTER></CODE> <BR>
|
|
Select <CODE>[Q]uit</CODE> and press <CODE><ENTER></CODE>
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
You may now login as 'root' at the login: prompt...
|
|
...
|
|
debian login:
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Enter <CODE>root</CODE>.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
Password:
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>Enter the root password.
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
...
|
|
debian:~#
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
<P>The system is installed and working. CONGRATULATIONS!
|
|
<P>My job stops here. Read the install documentation of your
|
|
distribution and go on with the Unix system administration job.
|
|
<P>When you reboot your system, the plip connection won't be in good
|
|
shape. But now you know what to do.
|
|
<P>I suggest you some work:
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>Configure the plip interface for the normal boot process (in
|
|
the file <CODE>/etc/init.d/network</CODE>).
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Configure <CODE>/etc/fstat</CODE> on the <B>target</B> to
|
|
simply mount the remote <B>source</B> cdrom via nfs.
|
|
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
source:/cdrom /cdrom nfs noauto,intr 1 2
|
|
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Learn Lilo. Configure it for your DOS and Linux systems and
|
|
install it on a floppy.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>When you master Lilo on the floppy, install it on your hard
|
|
drive.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Install and configure the X Window System.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Have fun.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Mail me some feedback.
|
|
</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
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|
|
<A HREF="PLIP-Install-HOWTO-12.html">Previous</A>
|
|
<A HREF="PLIP-Install-HOWTO.html#toc13">Contents</A>
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