271 lines
7.5 KiB
HTML
271 lines
7.5 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9">
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<TITLE>Oracle Database HOWTO: Creating a Database</TITLE>
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<LINK HREF="Oracle-7-HOWTO-4.html" REL=next>
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<LINK HREF="Oracle-7-HOWTO-2.html" REL=previous>
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<LINK HREF="Oracle-7-HOWTO.html#toc3" REL=contents>
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</HEAD>
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<BODY>
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<A HREF="Oracle-7-HOWTO-4.html">Next</A>
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<A HREF="Oracle-7-HOWTO-2.html">Previous</A>
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<A HREF="Oracle-7-HOWTO.html#toc3">Contents</A>
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<HR>
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<H2><A NAME="s3">3. Creating a Database</A></H2>
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<P>Now the Oracle server is installed we need to create a database to test the installation.
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<P><CODE>If you are using Oracle 7.2.x or earlier, please read the troubleshooting section below.</CODE>
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<H2><A NAME="ss3.1">3.1 Create the Initialisation File</A>
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</H2>
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<P>Copy the <CODE>$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init.ora</CODE> to <CODE>$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcl.ora</CODE>:
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<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
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<HR>
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<PRE>
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$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
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$ cp init.ora initorcl.ora
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</PRE>
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<HR>
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</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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Modify it by adding the following lines:
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<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
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<HR>
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<PRE>
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db_name = orcl
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COMPATIBLE=7.3.3.0.0
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</PRE>
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<HR>
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</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss3.2">3.2 Creating the Database Install Script</A>
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</H2>
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<P>Create a script file called makedb.sql in the <CODE>$ORACLE_HOME/dbs</CODE> directory:
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<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
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<HR>
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<PRE>
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connect internal
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startup nomount
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set echo on
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spool makedb.log
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create database orcl
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maxinstances 1
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maxlogfiles 8
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datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orcl_syst_01.dbf' size 40M reuse
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logfile
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'$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orcl_redo_01.dbf' size 1M reuse,
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'$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orcl_redo_02.dbf' size 1M reuse,
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'$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orcl_redo_03.dbf' size 1M reuse;
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@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
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create tablespace rollback
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datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orcl_roll_01.dbf' size 8.5M reuse;
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create tablespace temp
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datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orcl_temp_01.dbf' size 5M reuse
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temporary;
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create tablespace users
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datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orcl_user_01.dbf' size 10M reuse;
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create rollback segment r1 tablespace rollback
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storage ( optimal 5M );
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alter rollback segment r1 online;
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connect system/manager
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@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catdbsyn.sql
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connect internal
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@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
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connect system/manager
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@$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
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spool off
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exit
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</PRE>
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<HR>
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</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss3.3">3.3 Running the Database Installation Script</A>
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</H2>
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<P>Start <CODE>svrmgrl</CODE> and run the script:
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<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
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<HR>
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<PRE>
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$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
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$ svrmgrl
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Oracle Server Manager Release 2.3.3.0.0 - Production
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Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1994, 1995. All rights reserved.
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Oracle7 Server Release 7.3.3.0.0 - Production Release
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PL/SQL Release 2.3.3.0.0 - Production
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SVRMGR> connect internal
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Connected.
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SVRMGR> startup nomount
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ORACLE instance started.
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Total System Global Area 4313312 bytes
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Fixed Size 41876 bytes
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Variable Size 4140364 bytes
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Database Buffers 122880 bytes
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Redo Buffers 8192 bytes
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SVRMGR> @makedb
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<loads of messages>
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SVRMGR> exit
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Server Manager complete.
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</PRE>
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<HR>
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</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<H2><A NAME="ss3.4">3.4 Starting the Database</A>
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</H2>
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<P>Firstly, we need to bring up the database by hand (we will automate this later on). To startup an Oracle database we need to issue the <CODE>startup</CODE> command when connected internally:
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<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
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<HR>
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<PRE>
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$ svrmgrl
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Oracle Server Manager Release 2.3.3.0.0 - Production
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Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1994, 1995. All rights reserved.
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Oracle7 Server Release 7.3.3.0.0 - Production Release
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PL/SQL Release 2.3.3.0.0 - Production
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SVRMGR> connect internal
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Connected.
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SVRMGR> startup
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ORACLE instance started.
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Total System Global Area 4313316 bytes
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Fixed Size 41876 bytes
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Variable Size 4140368 bytes
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Database Buffers 122880 bytes
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Redo Buffers 8192 bytes
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Database mounted.
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Database opened.
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SVRMGR> exit
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Server Manager complete.
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</PRE>
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<HR>
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</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<H2><A NAME="ss3.5">3.5 Stopping the Database</A>
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</H2>
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<P>It is worth mentioning here that restarting a Linux server without shutting down the Oracle database first there is a high risk of corrupting the database.
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<P>So, before we issue the Linux <CODE>shutdown</CODE> command it is wise to bring down the database:
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<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
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<HR>
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<PRE>
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$ svrmgrl
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Oracle Server Manager Release 2.3.3.0.0 - Production
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Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1994, 1995. All rights reserved.
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Oracle7 Server Release 7.3.3.0.0 - Production Release
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PL/SQL Release 2.3.3.0.0 - Production
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SVRMGR> connect internal
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Connected.
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SVRMGR> shutdown
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Database closed.
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Database dismounted.
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ORACLE instance shut down.
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SVRMGR> exit
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Server Manager complete.
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</PRE>
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<HR>
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</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<H2><A NAME="ss3.6">3.6 Create a Default User</A>
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</H2>
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<P>The database, as created, has a two special users which are automatically created. These are:
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<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
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<HR>
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<PRE>
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Username Password
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SYSTEM MANAGER
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SYS change_on_install
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</PRE>
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<HR>
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</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>
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<P>These users are typically used to hold the standard data dictionary information for the database. It is a good idea to change the passwords from the defaults as soon as possible.
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<P>This can be achieved by:
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<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
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<HR>
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<PRE>
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sqlplus system/manager
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SQL*Plus: Release 3.3.3.0.0 - Production on Sat Feb 21 12:43:33 1998
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Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1979, 1996. All rights reserved.
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Connected to:
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Oracle7 Server Release 7.3.3.0.0 - Production Release
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SQL> alter user system identified by <newpassword>;
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User altered.
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SQL> alter user sys identified by <newpassword>;
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User altered.
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SQL> exit;
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Disconnected from Oracle7 Server Release 7.3.3.0.0 - Production Release
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PL/SQL Release 2.3.3.0.0 - Production
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</PRE>
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<HR>
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</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>
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<P>Since the user <CODE>system/manager</CODE> is similar to using <CODE>root</CODE> on a UNIX machine, we need to create a user with less ability to cause damage. (remember to bring up the database before attempting to create a user)
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<P>Connect to SQL*Plus and create a user:
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<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
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<HR>
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<PRE>
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$ sqlplus system/manager
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SQL*Plus: Release 3.3.3.0.0 - Production on Sat Feb 21 12:43:33 1998
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Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1979, 1996. All rights reserved.
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Connected to:
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Oracle7 Server Release 7.3.3.0.0 - Production Release
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PL/SQL Release 2.3.3.0.0 - Production
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SQL> create user <user> identified by <psw>
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2 default tablespace users
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3 temporary tablespace temp;
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User created.
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SQL> grant connect, resource to <user>
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Grant succeeded.
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SQL> exit
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Disconnected from Oracle7 Server Release 7.3.3.0.0 - Production Release
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PL/SQL Release 2.3.3.0.0 - Production
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</PRE>
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<HR>
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</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>Now that you have a new user on the system you can play with the new system. To login to the Oracle database:
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<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
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<HR>
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<PRE>
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$ sqlplus <user>/<password>
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</PRE>
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<HR>
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</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>If this completes with no error messages then you have a working Oracle database. If you never want to connect to this database from anywhere but this server then the job is complete, enjoy!
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<P>If, however, like most people you want to configure the networking software so that you can connect from other machines, keep on reading.
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<HR>
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<A HREF="Oracle-7-HOWTO-4.html">Next</A>
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<A HREF="Oracle-7-HOWTO-2.html">Previous</A>
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<A HREF="Oracle-7-HOWTO.html#toc3">Contents</A>
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</BODY>
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</HTML>
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