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<TITLE>HOWTO: Multi Disk System Tuning</TITLE>
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<A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-1.html">Next</A>
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Contents
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<HR>
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<H1>HOWTO: Multi Disk System Tuning</H1>
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<H2>Stein Gjoen, <CODE>sgjoen@nyx.net</CODE></H2>v0.33a, 20 May 2002
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<P><HR>
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<EM>
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<!--
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disk
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-->
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<!--
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partitions, disk (see disk)
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-->
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This document describes how best to use multiple disks and partitions
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for a Linux system. Although some of this text is Linux specific the
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general approach outlined here can be applied to many other multi tasking
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operating systems.</EM>
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<HR>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc1">1.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-1.html">Introduction</A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-1.html#ss1.1">1.1 Copyright</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-1.html#ss1.2">1.2 Disclaimer</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-1.html#ss1.3">1.3 News</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-1.html#ss1.4">1.4 Credits</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-1.html#ss1.5">1.5 Translations</A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc2">2.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-2.html">Structure</A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-2.html#ss2.1">2.1 Logical structure</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-2.html#ss2.2">2.2 Document structure</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-2.html#ss2.3">2.3 Reading plan</A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc3">3.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-3.html">Drive Technologies</A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-3.html#ss3.1">3.1 Drives</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-3.html#ss3.2">3.2 Geometry</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-3.html#ss3.3">3.3 Media</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-3.html#ss3.4">3.4 Interfaces</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-3.html#ss3.5">3.5 Cabling</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-3.html#ss3.6">3.6 Host Adapters</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-3.html#ss3.7">3.7 Multi Channel Systems</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-3.html#ss3.8">3.8 Multi Board Systems</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-3.html#ss3.9">3.9 Speed Comparison</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-3.html#ss3.10">3.10 Benchmarking</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-3.html#ss3.11">3.11 Comparisons</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-3.html#ss3.12">3.12 Future Development</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-3.html#ss3.13">3.13 Recommendations </A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc4">4.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-4.html">File System Structure</A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-4.html#ss4.1">4.1 File System Features</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-4.html#ss4.2">4.2 Explanation of Terms</A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc5">5.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-5.html">File Systems</A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-5.html#ss5.1">5.1 General Purpose File Systems</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-5.html#ss5.2">5.2 Microsoft File Systems</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-5.html#ss5.3">5.3 Logging and Journaling File Systems</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-5.html#ss5.4">5.4 Read-only File Systems</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-5.html#ss5.5">5.5 Networking File Systems</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-5.html#ss5.6">5.6 Special File Systems</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-5.html#ss5.7">5.7 File System Recommendations</A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc6">6.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-6.html">Technologies </A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.1">6.1 RAID</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.2">6.2 Volume Management</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.3">6.3 Linux <CODE>md</CODE> Kernel Patch</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.4">6.4 Compression</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.5">6.5 ACL</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.6">6.6 <CODE>cachefs</CODE></A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.7">6.7 Translucent or Inheriting File Systems</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.8">6.8 Physical Track Positioning</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.9">6.9 Yoke</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.10">6.10 Stacking</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-6.html#ss6.11">6.11 Recommendations</A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc7">7.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-7.html">Other Operating Systems</A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-7.html#ss7.1">7.1 DOS</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-7.html#ss7.2">7.2 Windows</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-7.html#ss7.3">7.3 OS/2</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-7.html#ss7.4">7.4 NT</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-7.html#ss7.5">7.5 Windows 2000</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-7.html#ss7.6">7.6 Sun OS</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-7.html#ss7.7">7.7 BeOS</A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc8">8.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-8.html">Clusters</A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc9">9.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-9.html">Mount Points</A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc10">10.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-10.html">Considerations and Dimensioning</A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-10.html#ss10.1">10.1 Home Systems</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-10.html#ss10.2">10.2 Servers</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-10.html#ss10.3">10.3 Pitfalls</A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc11">11.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-11.html">Disk Layout </A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-11.html#ss11.1">11.1 Selection for Partitioning</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-11.html#ss11.2">11.2 Mapping Partitions to Drives</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-11.html#ss11.3">11.3 Sorting Partitions on Drives</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-11.html#ss11.4">11.4 Optimizing</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-11.html#ss11.5">11.5 Compromises</A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc12">12.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-12.html">Implementation</A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-12.html#ss12.1">12.1 Checklist</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-12.html#ss12.2">12.2 Drives and Partitions</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-12.html#ss12.3">12.3 Partitioning</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-12.html#ss12.4">12.4 Repartitioning </A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-12.html#ss12.5">12.5 Microsoft Partition Bug </A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-12.html#ss12.6">12.6 Multiple Devices (<CODE>md</CODE>)</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-12.html#ss12.7">12.7 Formatting</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-12.html#ss12.8">12.8 Mounting</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-12.html#ss12.9">12.9 <CODE>fstab</CODE></A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-12.html#ss12.10">12.10 Mount options</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-12.html#ss12.11">12.11 Recommendations</A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc13">13.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-13.html">Maintenance</A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.1">13.1 Backup</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.2">13.2 Defragmentation</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.3">13.3 Deletions</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.4">13.4 Upgrades</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.5">13.5 Recovery</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-13.html#ss13.6">13.6 Rescue Disk</A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc14">14.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-14.html">Advanced Issues</A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-14.html#ss14.1">14.1 Hard Disk Tuning</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-14.html#ss14.2">14.2 File System Tuning</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-14.html#ss14.3">14.3 Spindle Synchronizing</A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc15">15.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-15.html">Troubleshooting </A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-15.html#ss15.1">15.1 During Installation</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-15.html#ss15.2">15.2 During Booting</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-15.html#ss15.3">15.3 During Running</A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc16">16.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-16.html">Further Information</A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-16.html#ss16.1">16.1 News groups</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-16.html#ss16.2">16.2 Mailing Lists</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-16.html#ss16.3">16.3 HOWTO</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-16.html#ss16.4">16.4 Mini-HOWTO</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-16.html#ss16.5">16.5 Local Resources</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-16.html#ss16.6">16.6 Web Pages</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-16.html#ss16.7">16.7 Search Engines</A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc17">17.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-17.html">Getting Help</A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc18">18.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-18.html">Concluding Remarks</A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-18.html#ss18.1">18.1 Coming Soon</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-18.html#ss18.2">18.2 Request for Information</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-18.html#ss18.3">18.3 Suggested Project Work</A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc19">19.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-19.html">Questions and Answers</A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc20">20.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-20.html">Bits and Pieces </A></H2>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-20.html#ss20.1">20.1 Swap Partition: to Use or Not to Use</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-20.html#ss20.2">20.2 Mount Point and <CODE>/mnt</CODE></A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-20.html#ss20.3">20.3 Power and Heating </A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-20.html#ss20.4">20.4 Deja</A>
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<LI><A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-20.html#ss20.5">20.5 Crash Recovery</A>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc21">21.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-21.html">Appendix A: Partitioning Layout Table: Mounting and Linking </A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc22">22.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-22.html">Appendix B: Partitioning Layout Table: Numbering and Sizing </A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc23">23.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-23.html">Appendix C: Partitioning Layout Table: Partition Placement </A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc24">24.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-24.html">Appendix D: Example: Multipurpose Server</A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc25">25.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-25.html">Appendix E: Example: Mounting and Linking</A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc26">26.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-26.html">Appendix F: Example: Numbering and Sizing</A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc27">27.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-27.html">Appendix G: Example: Partition Placement</A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc28">28.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-28.html">Appendix H: Example II</A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc29">29.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-29.html">Appendix I: Example III: SPARC Solaris</A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc30">30.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-30.html">Appendix J: Example IV: Server with 4 Drives</A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc31">31.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-31.html">Appendix K: Example V: Dual Drive System</A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc32">32.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-32.html">Appendix L: Example VI: Single Drive System</A></H2>
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="toc33">33.</A> <A HREF="Multi-Disk-HOWTO-33.html">Appendix M: Disk System Documenter </A></H2>
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<HR>
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