632 lines
10 KiB
HTML
632 lines
10 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML
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><HEAD
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><TITLE
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>Audio CDs</TITLE
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><META
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NAME="GENERATOR"
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CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK
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REL="HOME"
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TITLE="Linux MP3 CD Burning mini-HOWTO"
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HREF="index.html"><LINK
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REL="PREVIOUS"
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TITLE="Introduction"
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HREF="intro.html"><LINK
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REL="NEXT"
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TITLE="Burning Your CD"
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HREF="burning.html"></HEAD
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><BODY
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CLASS="SECTION"
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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TEXT="#000000"
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LINK="#0000FF"
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VLINK="#840084"
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ALINK="#0000FF"
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><DIV
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CLASS="NAVHEADER"
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><TABLE
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SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
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WIDTH="100%"
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BORDER="0"
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CELLPADDING="0"
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CELLSPACING="0"
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><TR
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><TH
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COLSPAN="3"
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ALIGN="center"
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>Linux MP3 CD Burning mini-HOWTO</TH
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="intro.html"
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ACCESSKEY="P"
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>Prev</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="80%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="burning.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><H1
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><A
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NAME="AUDIO"
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></A
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>2. Audio CDs</H1
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><H2
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><A
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NAME="PREPARE"
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></A
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>2.1. Preparing the Tracks</H2
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><P
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><DIV
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CLASS="NOTE"
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><P
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></P
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><TABLE
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CLASS="NOTE"
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WIDTH="100%"
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BORDER="0"
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="25"
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ALIGN="CENTER"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><IMG
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SRC="../images/note.gif"
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HSPACE="5"
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ALT="Note"></TD
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><TH
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="CENTER"
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><B
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>Note</B
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></TH
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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> </TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><P
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>All commands assume bash shell</P
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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></DIV
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></P
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><H3
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><A
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NAME="CLEANUP"
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></A
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>2.1.1. Filename Cleanup</H3
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><P
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></P
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><OL
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TYPE="1"
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><LI
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><P
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>Collect all MP3 files in one directory. </P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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>If any filenames contain spaces, first convert them to underscores: </P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="90%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
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> for i in *.mp3; do mv "$i" `echo $i | tr ' ' '_'`; done </PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><P
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>This first step is important because, even if unix itself allows spaces in filenames,
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most programs get confused by them.</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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>If your MP3 files came from DOS/Windows, they may have
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uppercase extensions. You can convert whole names to lowercase or just
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extensions. For everything lowercase do:</P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="90%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
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> for i in *.[Mm][Pp]3; do mv "$i" `echo $i | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`; done </PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><P
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>to convert just extensions:</P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="90%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
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> for i in *.MP3; do mv "$i" "`basename "$i" .MP3`.mp3"; done
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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></LI
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></OL
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><H3
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><A
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NAME="CONVERTING"
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></A
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>2.1.2. Conversion</H3
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><P
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>The CD Audio specification requires wave files that are 16 bit, stereo, 44.1 kHz. MP3 files often have different parameters, but we need to convert them to WAV first, anyway.</P
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><P
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>We have several choices for the conversion process.</P
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><H4
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><A
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NAME="MPG321"
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></A
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>2.1.2.1. mpg123 and mpg321</H4
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><P
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>Originally, there was only <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>mpg123</B
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>. However, it uses a proprietary licensing, and now there's an open source replacement - <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>mpg321</B
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>. Both commands use the same syntax: </P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
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> for i in *.mp3; do mpg321 -w `basename $i .mp3`.wav $i; done </PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><P
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>When decoding 22khz MP3 files the output of <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>mpg123</B
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> may be distorted. I don't know how well <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>mpg321</B
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> deals with this problem. If you're converting with <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>mpg123</B
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>, use:</P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
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> for i in *.mp3; do mpg123 --rate 44100 --stereo --buffer 3072 --resync -w `basename $i .mp3`.wav $i; done
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><P
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><I
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CLASS="CITETITLE"
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>Mpg123</I
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> can be obtained from <A
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HREF="http://www.mpg123.de/"
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TARGET="_top"
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>http://www.mpg123.de/</A
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>.</P
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><P
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><I
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CLASS="CITETITLE"
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>Mpg321</I
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> is available from <A
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HREF="http://mpg321.sourceforge.net/"
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TARGET="_top"
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>http://mpg321.sourceforge.net/</A
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>.</P
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><P
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><EM
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>NOTE</EM
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> I noticed that with some MP3 files mpg123 output was distorted.
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At first I thought that MP3's were bad, but then I checked with another
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player and they sounded OK. So <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>mpg123</B
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> is not my converter of choice.</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><H4
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><A
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NAME="MADPLAY"
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></A
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>2.1.2.2. MAD</H4
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><P
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>Another MP3 player/decoder, and the one I prefer, is <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>madplay</B
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>. It's available from <A
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HREF="http://www.mars.org/home/rob/proj/mpeg/"
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TARGET="_top"
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>http://www.mars.org/home/rob/proj/mpeg/</A
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>.
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With <I
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CLASS="CITETITLE"
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>madplayer</I
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>, the command line is: </P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
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> for i in *.mp3; do madplay -o `basename $i .mp3`.wav $i; done </PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><P
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> Unfortunately, <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>madplay</B
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> also had problems with some of MP3 files I had. I don't think there's a problem with the decoder, but rather with it handling broken MP3 files.</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><H4
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><A
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NAME="LAME"
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></A
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>2.1.2.3. Lame</H4
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><P
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>The <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>lame</B
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> encoder, which has a decoding mode, seems
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to handle difficult cases very well (<B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>lame</B
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> can be found at <A
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HREF="http://www.mp3dev.org/mp3/"
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TARGET="_top"
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>http://www.mp3dev.org/mp3/</A
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>) :
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</P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
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> for i in *.mp3; do lame --decode $i `basename $i .mp3`.wav; done
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><H4
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><A
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NAME="OGG"
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></A
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>2.1.2.4. OGG files</H4
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><P
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>Well, this HOWTO is about MP3 files, but OGG standard is an alternative which many people prefer over MP3 because of the licensing. To deal wit OGG files, you need to use:</P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
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> for i in *.ogg ; do ogg123 -d wav -f `basename $i .ogg`.wav $i; done
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><H4
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><A
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NAME="MPLAYER"
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></A
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>2.1.2.5. Converting other formats</H4
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><P
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>Nico Genimakis sent me an email about using <FONT
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COLOR="RED"
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>mplayer</FONT
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> to covert audio in many different formats to WAV with automatic resampling to 44100Hz. Mplayer is known to be able to read almost anything, and it can convert your .ogg, .mp3, .flac, .wma etc.</P
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><P
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>usage (in this example converting WMA files):</P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
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> for i in *.wma ; do mplayer -vo null -vc dummy -af resample=44100 -ao pcm -waveheader $i; done
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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></DIV
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><H3
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><A
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NAME="NOTES"
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></A
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>2.1.3. Conversion Notes</H3
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><P
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> <EM
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>NOTE:</EM
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> The <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>`basename $i .mp3`.wav</B
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> command
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replaces MP3 extensions with WAV. There are 101 ways to do that, here's
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the alternative: <B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>`echo "$1" | sed 's/\.mp3$/.wav/'`</B
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>
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</P
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><P
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>After the conversion, run "<B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>file *.wav</B
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>" and check the
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output for any files that differ from 16 bit, stereo 44100 Hz.</P
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><P
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>If there are files with different characteristics, convert them to the
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above specs. For example, to convert file track01.wav to obtain sample
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rate 44.1 kHz, you could use: </P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
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> sox track01.wav -r 44100 track01-new.wav resample
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><P
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>or, if the above introduces static when converting mono files:</P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
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> sox track01.wav -r 44100 -c 2 track01-new.wav
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><P
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><I
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CLASS="CITETITLE"
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>Sox</I
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> is so popular, that it's probably installed
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by default with any Linux distribution, and can be obtained from
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<A
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HREF="http://www.spies.com/Sox/"
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TARGET="_top"
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>http://www.spies.com/Sox/</A
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>.
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However, the command-line options are somewhat cryptic for the casual
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user (me). Look at
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<A
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HREF="http://www.spies.com/Sox/sox.tips.html"
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TARGET="_top"
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>http://www.spies.com/Sox/sox.tips.html</A
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>
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for some tips on usage.
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</P
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></DIV
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><H2
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><A
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NAME="NORMALISATION"
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></A
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>2.2. Normalisation</H2
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><P
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>Normalisation is a process during which all the sound files are brought to the same relative loudness level. I use a program by Chris Vaill (<TT
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CLASS="EMAIL"
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><<A
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HREF="mailto:cvaill@cs.columbia.edu"
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>cvaill@cs.columbia.edu</A
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>></TT
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>), called
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<B
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CLASS="COMMAND"
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>normalize</B
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> - it can be obtained from
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<A
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HREF="http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~cvaill/normalize/"
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TARGET="_top"
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>http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~cvaill/normalize/</A
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>
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</P
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><P
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> I use the following syntax (-m is for mix mode, where all files should be as loud as possible):</P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
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> normalize -m *.wav</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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></DIV
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
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SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
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WIDTH="100%"
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BORDER="0"
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CELLPADDING="0"
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CELLSPACING="0"
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="top"
|
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><A
|
|
HREF="intro.html"
|
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ACCESSKEY="P"
|
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>Prev</A
|
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></TD
|
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><TD
|
|
WIDTH="34%"
|
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ALIGN="center"
|
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VALIGN="top"
|
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><A
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HREF="index.html"
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ACCESSKEY="H"
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>Home</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="burning.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="top"
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>Introduction</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="34%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="top"
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> </TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="top"
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>Burning Your CD</TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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> |