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19 KiB
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433 lines
19 KiB
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<TITLE>Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO: How to install: WINDOWS NT first, LINUX after</TITLE>
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<LINK HREF="Linux+WinNT-4.html" REL=next>
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<LINK HREF="Linux+WinNT-2.html" REL=previous>
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<LINK HREF="Linux+WinNT.html#toc3" REL=contents>
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<A HREF="Linux+WinNT-4.html">Next</A>
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<A HREF="Linux+WinNT.html#toc3">Contents</A>
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<HR>
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<H2><A NAME="s3">3.</A> <A HREF="Linux+WinNT.html#toc3">How to install: WINDOWS NT <EM>first</EM>, LINUX <EM>after</EM></A></H2>
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<H2><A NAME="ss3.1">3.1</A> <A HREF="Linux+WinNT.html#toc3.1">If you have <EM>only one</EM> IDE hard disk</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>First of all, I would suggest you to install a fresh copy of
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Windows NT 4.0 on your hard disk. I suppose that you already
|
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made a backup of your important data, so the NT installation
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|
shouldn't be a problem. During the NT installation, setup is
|
|
not going to ask you where to place NT's boot loader, so it
|
|
would be placed into the MBR (Master Boot Record) of your hard
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disk. But, there is a possibility for a previous content of
|
|
the MBR to remain within the MBR (especially any previous
|
|
Lilo), so I would suggest you (<EM>before</EM> installation of NT) to
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boot the computer with a DOS floppy diskette having DOS version
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of FDISK. At the prompt a:\ just enter the command:
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<B>fdisk /mbr</B> and restart the computer again (without
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that floppy).
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</LI>
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<LI>After you have successfully installed your NT, you will see that
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it uses the whole hard disk or a specific partition of the hard
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disk (depending on what you decided during the setup process).
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So, it is advisable to 'shrink' the partition where NT resides
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|
in order to make some free space on the disk. Onto that free space
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you will install your Linux. After you have your NT configured
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and running, you have to boot your computer using a floppy
|
|
diskette with Partition Magic utility by Power Quest. It is a
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|
graphical tool able to see all partitions on all hard disks you
|
|
have. The best thing is that you can make some changes with your
|
|
partitions but <EM>not</EM> to destroy your existing data. One of the
|
|
available changes is to make your existing partition(s) smaller,
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|
so to get some free space on the disk(s) for other purposes.
|
|
Although you are advised to make a backup before you make any
|
|
changes to the partitions, I usually practice to 'shrink' NT's
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partition(s) before I install anything else onto this NT (so, if
|
|
needed, a repetitive NT re-installation wouldn't be a problem).
|
|
Well, Partition Magic (or any other similar utility you are
|
|
familiar with) will shrink your NT's partition (either NTFS or
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FAT) to a smaller measure and place it to either the beginning
|
|
or to the end of the previous measure. It means that you may
|
|
choose to have your 'shrinked' NT partition at the beginning
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or at the end of your disk (I usually choose NT to be at the
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beginning, so the ending part of the disk will become a 'free
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space'). After the 'shrinking' is finished, you may re-boot your
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NT in order to check the new situation: you may use Windows
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Explorer or Disk Administrator for that.
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</LI>
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<LI>As it was said in Introduction, it might <EM>not</EM> be needed
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always to use such tools like Partition Magic. It is better to say
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that this tool is of a great value in all those cases you have been
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running Windows NT for a long time, so you don't want to start
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|
from 'scratch'. For example, you are fully satisfied with your
|
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beloved NT and related applications. You are not likely to kill
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NT, but you have recognized that you have enough <EM>unused</EM>
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space on NT's partition(s) (i.e. NT's partition(s) might look not
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much populated). That case, Partition Magic is your choice.
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But, if you do start from the beginning, or you don't mind
|
|
re-formatting the disk, it might be suitable to get a blank
|
|
floppy diskette, make it to be DOS bootable and copy two DOS
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tools on it: FDISK and FORMAT. So, restart your computer with
|
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such floppy and at <B>A:\</B> prompt enter <B>fdisk</B>.
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There you'll find several options that allow re-partition of
|
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your hard disk(s). Now you could make a part of the disk a FAT
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partition (where you'll later install your beloved NT). The rest
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of space you'd better leave alone (i.e. do not attempt making
|
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Linux partition(s) right now, using DOS's version of FDISK). If
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you <EM>really</EM> want to make Linux-type partitions now, you
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should look after Linux version of FDISK.
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</LI>
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<LI>So far so good. Next step is to install your Linux. Case you
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are familiar with RedHat distribution (I hope with other distros
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is the same or similar), you start by putting your installation
|
|
CD in the drive and re-boot the computer). Well, when you are about
|
|
to choose what type of installation it will be (Gnome or KDE
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|
Workstation, Custom, etc.) you may choose whatever you planned
|
|
before, but I would suggest to install a Workstation <EM>at first</EM>.
|
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This is good because Linux setup will find <EM>automatically</EM> the
|
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free space on the (first) hard disk, make all partitions needed
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for Linux, format them properly, make majority of options by
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default so you won't have much pain during the setup (<EM>later</EM>,
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if you want, you may either <B>add</B> missing components or
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<B>re-install</B> RedHat Linux as Custom over the existing linux
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partitions). Lilo should go to the MBR.
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</LI>
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<LI><B>Don't forget to make Linux boot floppy diskette. You'll never
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know when you may need it. If something goes wrong with the MBR,
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and you don't have boot floppy, your Linux might become not accessible,
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so you might have to re-install it again.</B>
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</LI>
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<LI>After it looks that Linux installation is finished, you are going
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to re-start the computer and there you will only see <B>Lilo</B>
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with only one entry to boot: Linux (or maybe more than one Linux
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entry, in case your hardware is multi-processor one or so). But, don't
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panic! Your Windows NT is still there - where you had installed it
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before Linux. You should become some familiar with Linux as soon
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as possible, in order to be able to find and edit your new
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<B>/etc/lilo.conf</B> file. When you open this file for the first time,
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you'll see that there is only one (or more) Linux entry. Well,
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you should know the exact position (read: a partition) where
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Windows NT has been installed, so you could add an appropriate
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entry into <CODE>/etc/lilo.conf</CODE> file. After you make those changes,
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restart Lilo with a command: <B>/sbin/lilo</B> and, after the next
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re-boot, you will have both 'linux' and 'nt' (or 'dos' or similar)
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entries under Lilo menu.
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</LI>
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<LI>My added NT entry is:
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<P>
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<PRE>
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other=/dev/hda1
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label=nt
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</PRE>
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</P>
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<P>So, the whole <CODE>/etc/lilo.conf</CODE> looks like this:</P>
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<P>
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<PRE>
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boot=/dev/hda
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timeout=50
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prompt
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default=linux
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vga=normal
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read-only
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image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.12-20
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label=linux
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root=/dev/hda3
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other=/dev/hda1
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label=nt
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</PRE>
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</P>
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</LI>
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<LI>Some more explanations regarding details from my <CODE>/etc/lilo.conf</CODE>
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file: After I have installed Windows NT, I assigned the letter C:
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to that drive. Beside that, I wanted to have another NTFS
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partition in order to store and backup important files, case I
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have to re-install NT on C: for some reason in the future. That's why
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I've made another NT partition, that has been assigned as D: disk.
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Both NTFS partitions are approximatelly 3 GB each and Linux setup
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found them as /dev/hda1 and /dev/hda2 partitions. The rest free space
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on the disk was cca. 2 GB, where I have made the /root partition of
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near 1.9 GB and /swap part of cca. 100 MB (/dev/hda3 and /dev/hda4
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respectively). Lilo went to the MBR and all has been running fine.
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<P>For your information, I <EM>wanted</EM> to make these linux
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partitions that time. Later, I found that it was not needed, so
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now I let Linux setup to make partitions from the free space in
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a way it likes to do that. I trust it :-)</P>
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</LI>
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</UL>
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</P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss3.2">3.2</A> <A HREF="Linux+WinNT.html#toc3.2">If you have <EM>more than one</EM> (SCSI) hard disk </A>
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</H2>
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<P><EM>Notice: Folks, you see, at my place, one of computers has several
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SCSI disks. That's why I put the word 'SCSI' in parentheses. There I
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have a couple of SCSI controllers, a SCSI CD ROM drive and a SCSI
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Tape drive. That doesn't mean that *you* will be using SCSI parts at all.
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You'd rather handle more than one IDE disks, but I hope that install
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process shouldn't change too much, if any. </EM></P>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>First of all, I would suggest you to install a fresh copy of
|
|
Windows NT 4.0 on your <B>first</B> hard disk. I suppose that you already
|
|
made a backup of your important data, so the NT installation
|
|
shouldn't be a problem. You can easily copy your data on your
|
|
second hard disk or so. During the NT installation, setup is
|
|
not going to ask you where to place NT's boot loader, so it
|
|
would be placed into the MBR (Master Boot Record) of your <B>first</B> hard
|
|
disk. But, there is a possibility for a previous content of
|
|
the MBR to remain within the MBR (especially any previous
|
|
Lilo), so I would suggest you (before installation of NT) to
|
|
boot the computer with a DOS floppy diskette having DOS version
|
|
of FDISK. At the prompt a:\ just enter the command: fdisk /mbr
|
|
and restart the computer again (without that floppy). If you
|
|
want to be sure about your machine is 'clean', you may also
|
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delete any existing partition(s) on your <EM>other</EM> disks, during the
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Windows NT Setup <B>in case you have *not* made any backup on
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other disks</B>.
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|
|
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|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>After you have successfully installed your NT, you will see that
|
|
it uses the whole hard disk or a specific partition of the hard
|
|
disk (depending on what you decided during the setup process).
|
|
So, it is advisable to 'shrink' the partition where NT resides
|
|
in order to make some free space on the disk. Onto that free space
|
|
you will install your Linux. Well, you may also think of using
|
|
other disk(s) you have for Linux (so did I). That case, you
|
|
would start your linux installation and tried to use, for example,
|
|
/dev/sdb (or sdc, or sdd, or else in case of SCSI system) or
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/dev/hdb (or hdc, or hdd, or else in case of IDE system). Looked
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that Linux installation accepted whatever I chose, but somehow
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after all was finished, when I did that, LILO was not able to
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do anything. Actually, it always stopped after 'LI' so it was not
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|
possible to start Linux at all. Finally, after pulling my hair
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|
out, I decided to make it all on the <B>first</B> disk. So, after
|
|
I had NT configured and running, I had to boot my computer using
|
|
a floppy diskette with Partition Magic utility by Power Quest.
|
|
It is a graphical tool able to see all partitions on all hard disks you
|
|
have. The best thing is that you can make some changes with your
|
|
partitions but not to destroy your existing data. One of the
|
|
available changes is to make your existing partition(s) smaller,
|
|
so you can get some free space on the disk(s) for other purposes.
|
|
Although you are advised to make a backup before you make any
|
|
changes with your partitions, I usually practice to 'shrink' NT's
|
|
partition <EM>before</EM> I install anything but NT itself (so, if
|
|
needed, a repetitive re-installation wouldn't be a problem).
|
|
Well, Partition Magic (or any other similar utility you are
|
|
familiar with) will shrink your NT's partition (either NTFS or
|
|
FAT) to a smaller measure and place it to either the beginning
|
|
or to the end of the previous measure. It means that you may
|
|
choose to have your 'shrinked' NT partition at the beginning
|
|
or at the end of your disk. I usually choose NT to be at the
|
|
beginning, so the ending part of the disk will become a 'free
|
|
space'. I discovered some problems if the 'free space' is made
|
|
at the beginning of disk (later we'll talk about). So, after the
|
|
'shrinking' is finished, you may re-boot your
|
|
NT in order to check the new situation: you may use Windows
|
|
Explorer or Disk Administrator for that. You will also note how
|
|
NT can 'see' all (other) disks you have in your machine (either
|
|
partitioned or as 'free space' areas).
|
|
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Once again, as it was said earlier, it might <EM>not</EM> be needed
|
|
always to use such tools like Partition Magic. It is better to say
|
|
that this tool is of a great value in all those cases you have been
|
|
running Windows NT for a long time, so you don't want to start
|
|
from 'scratch'. For example, you are fully satisfied with your
|
|
beloved NT and related applications. You are not likely to kill
|
|
NT, but you have recognized that you have enough <EM>unused</EM>
|
|
space on NT's partition(s) (i.e. NT's partition(s) might look not
|
|
much populated). That case, Partition Magic is your choice.
|
|
|
|
But, if you do start from the beginning, or you don't mind
|
|
re-formatting the disk(s), it might be suitable to get a blank
|
|
floppy diskette, make it to be DOS bootable and copy two DOS
|
|
tools on it: FDISK and FORMAT. So, restart your computer with
|
|
such floppy and at <B>A:\</B> prompt enter <B>fdisk</B>.
|
|
There you'll find several options that allow re-partition of
|
|
your hard disk(s). Now you could make a part of the disk a FAT
|
|
partition (where you'll later install your beloved NT). The rest
|
|
of space you'd better leave alone (i.e. do not attempt making
|
|
Linux partition(s) right now, using DOS's version of FDISK). If
|
|
you <EM>really</EM> want to make Linux-type partitions now, you
|
|
should look after Linux version of FDISK.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>So far so good. Next step is to install your Linux. Case you
|
|
are familiar with RedHat distribution (I hope with other distros
|
|
is the same or similar), you start by putting your installation
|
|
CD in the drive and re-boot the computer). Well, when you are about
|
|
to choose what type of installation it will be (Gnome or KDE
|
|
Workstation, Custom, etc.) you may choose whatever you planned
|
|
before, but I would suggest to install a Workstation at first.
|
|
This is good because Linux setup will find automatically the
|
|
free space on the <B>first</B> hard disk, make all partitions needed
|
|
for Linux, format them properly, make majority of options by
|
|
default so you won't have much pain during the setup (later, if
|
|
you want, you may either add missing components or re-install
|
|
Linux as Custom over the existing linux partitions). Lilo should
|
|
go to the MBR of your <B>first</B> disk.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>After it looks that Linux installation is finished, you are going
|
|
to re-start the computer and there you will only see Lilo
|
|
with one Linux entry to boot (or maybe more than one Linux
|
|
entry, in case your hardware is multi-processor one). But, don't
|
|
panic! Your Windows NT is still there where you had installed it
|
|
before Linux. You should become some familiar with Linux as soon
|
|
as possible, in order to be able to find and edit your new
|
|
<CODE>/etc/lilo.conf</CODE> file. When you open this file for the first time,
|
|
you'll see that there is only one (or more) Linux entry. Well,
|
|
you should know the exact position (read: a partition) where
|
|
Windows NT has been installed, so you could add an appropriate
|
|
entry into <CODE>/etc/lilo.conf</CODE> file. After you do that, restart Lilo
|
|
and, after the next re-boot, you will have both 'linux' and 'nt'
|
|
entries under Lilo menu.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>My added NT entry is:
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
other=/dev/sda1
|
|
label=nt
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>So, the whole <CODE>/etc/lilo.conf</CODE> looks like this:</P>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
<PRE>
|
|
boot=/dev/sda
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|
map=/boot/map
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|
install=/boot/boot.b
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|
prompt
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|
timeout=50
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|
default=linux
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|
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.12-20smp
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|
label=linux-mp
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|
initrd=/boot/initrd-2.2.12-20smp.img
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|
read-only
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|
root=/dev/sda6
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|
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.12-20
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label=linux-up
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|
initrd=/boot/initrd-2.2.12-20.img
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|
read-only
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|
root=/dev/sda6
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other=/dev/hda1
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|
label=nt
|
|
</PRE>
|
|
</P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Some more explanation, regarding details from my <CODE>/etc/lilo.conf</CODE>
|
|
file: After I have installed Windows NT on the <B>first</B> disk,
|
|
I assigned the letter C: to that drive. After I made enough free
|
|
space <EM>after</EM> the NTFS partition, I let Linux setup to
|
|
handle further partitioning. Although Linux should support as far
|
|
as four primary partitions per disk, it seems that Linux setup is
|
|
likely to make an extended partition, whenever it recognizes that
|
|
there is already a primary partition on the disk. Considering that
|
|
those 'virtual' primary partitions would be numbered from /dev/sda1
|
|
to /dev/sda4 (including an extended one, of course), the extended
|
|
one should become /dev/sda4. Following that idea, the first one logical
|
|
partition within the extended one was numbered as /dev/sda5 (in my
|
|
case, it was the /boot partition that physically was the first from
|
|
the beginning of the <B>first</B> hard disk). So, the /root and /swap
|
|
partitions are /dev/sda6 and /dev/sda7 respectively. You may see a line
|
|
"root=/dev/sda6" telling you that. Once again, Lilo went to the MBR
|
|
and all has been running fine.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>Well, you may ask me: OK, but what in a case I have several
|
|
hard disks installed in the machine? Good question. You see, I
|
|
myself have <EM>four</EM> SCSI disks and, of course, I tried to
|
|
install Linux on the 2nd one, next the 3rd and, finally, on the
|
|
4th disk. Whatever I did (Linux setup haven't complained at all),
|
|
when I was about to finish the installation and after performing the
|
|
final automatic re-boot, my Lilo would stop after 'LI' so the
|
|
computer had to be re-started. Finally, I realized that there
|
|
must be a problem with disks that are too "far" from the MBR that is
|
|
located at the beginning of the <B>first</B> hard disk. That's why
|
|
I suggest you to make them all (both NT and Linux) on your <B>first</B>
|
|
disk. After having all of them running OK, there is no problem
|
|
to make other disks visible (and usable) by both operating
|
|
system. I hope your <B>first</B> disk is large enough to carry
|
|
both operating systems (NT needs at least cca. 150 MB for itself,
|
|
Linux depends on what you want to get: Gnome or KDE Workstations
|
|
are about 580 MB, but the Custom wants more than 1.4 GB). That
|
|
means the <B>first</B> hard disk of cca. 2.4 GB should fit.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>You may also ask me: OK, but, could I 'shrink' my NT partition in
|
|
a way the 'free space' is made at the beginning of the disk? Well, I
|
|
remember I tried to do so and to install, at first, Gnome
|
|
Workstation (395 packages, 570 MB) there. During the setup, everything
|
|
looked fine, but neither Lilo was not installed, nor the boot floppy
|
|
was made. You bet, Linux was not functional. Then I tried to install
|
|
KDE Workstation (377 packages, 582 MB) on the same place. Once again,
|
|
everything looked fine, but neither Lilo was not installed, nor the
|
|
boot floppy was made. Investigating that, I studied the structure of all
|
|
existing partitions. I was surprised when recognized that new born
|
|
<EM>logical</EM> partitions (within the new born <EM>extended</EM> one)
|
|
were numbered as if they were physically positioned <EM>after</EM> the
|
|
NT partition! In the other words, there I have got a 'funny' order:
|
|
/dev/sda5, /dev/sda6, /dev/sda7 and, finally, /dev/sda1. Looked like
|
|
the system was a bit confused. So I considered that it is advisable
|
|
to make the 'free space' <B>after</B> already existing NT
|
|
partition(s).
|
|
|
|
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</LI>
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|
<LI>Regarding two similar Linux images (differ in 'smp'). It is a server
|
|
hardware with a multi-processor support. The "intelligent" setup has
|
|
inspected the hardware and offered me to have both 'multi' and 'uni'
|
|
processor functionality. Nevertheless, I still have only one CPU
|
|
there.
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|
</LI>
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</UL>
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</P>
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