332 lines
6.1 KiB
HTML
332 lines
6.1 KiB
HTML
<HTML
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><HEAD
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><TITLE
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> Maintenance</TITLE
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><META
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NAME="GENERATOR"
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CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK
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REL="HOME"
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TITLE="USB Flash Memory HOWTO"
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HREF="index.html"><LINK
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REL="PREVIOUS"
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TITLE=" Making the memory stick accessible to users"
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HREF="users.html"><LINK
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REL="NEXT"
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TITLE=" The Linux-2.6 kernel"
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HREF="linux-2.6.html"></HEAD
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><BODY
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CLASS="sect1"
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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TEXT="#000000"
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LINK="#0000FF"
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VLINK="#840084"
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ALINK="#0000FF"
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><DIV
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CLASS="NAVHEADER"
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><TABLE
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SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
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WIDTH="100%"
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BORDER="0"
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CELLPADDING="0"
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CELLSPACING="0"
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><TR
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><TH
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COLSPAN="3"
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ALIGN="center"
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>USB Flash Memory HOWTO</TH
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="users.html"
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ACCESSKEY="P"
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>Prev</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="80%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="linux-2.6.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect1"
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><H1
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CLASS="sect1"
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><A
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NAME="maintain"
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></A
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>11. Maintenance</H1
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect2"
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><H2
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CLASS="sect2"
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><A
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NAME="fs-inspect"
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></A
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>11.1. Filesystem inspection</H2
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><P
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> It is a virtuous habit to inspect your ext2 filesystem on the
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flash memory regularly. To do this, the tool
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<SPAN
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CLASS="application"
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>dumpe2fs</SPAN
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> may be used in the following way:
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<TT
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CLASS="prompt"
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># </TT
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><TT
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CLASS="userinput"
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><B
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>dumpe2fs</B
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> -h /dev/sda1</B
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></TT
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> (you must be root and
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the device should not be mounted). The result should be similar to
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the following:
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</P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="0"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="100%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="screen"
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> Filesystem volume name: <none>
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Last mounted on: <not available>
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Filesystem UUID: c42a6963-5e6a-4cd2-b7d7-c8f09dca6c52
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Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
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Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
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Filesystem features: dir_index filetype sparse_super
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Default mount options: (none)
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Filesystem state: clean
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Errors behavior: Continue
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Filesystem OS type: Linux
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Inode count: 32000
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Block count: 127856
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Reserved block count: 6392
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Free blocks: 116456
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Free inodes: 31922
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First block: 1
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Block size: 1024
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Fragment size: 1024
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Blocks per group: 8192
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Fragments per group: 8192
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Inodes per group: 2000
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Inode blocks per group: 250
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Filesystem created: Sat Sep 20 12:43:00 2003
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Last mount time: Tue Oct 28 14:13:03 2003
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Last write time: Tue Oct 28 14:28:27 2003
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Mount count: 13
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Maximum mount count: 35
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Last checked: Sat Oct 18 11:28:26 2003
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Check interval: 15552000 (6 months)
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Next check after: Thu Apr 15 11:28:26 2004
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Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
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Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
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First inode: 11
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Inode size: 128
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Default directory hash: tea
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Directory Hash Seed: 118bee0a-efa5-4771-967e-41a0badd0355
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</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><P
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> A few important aspects need to be pointed out.
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</P
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><P
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></P
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><UL
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><LI
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><P
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> When the ext2 filesystem is created, it is by default
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given maximal usage before it has to be checked. These can
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be seen <EM
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> Maximum mount count </EM
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> (35) and
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<EM
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> Check interval</EM
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> (expiry date).
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> The usage so far: <EM
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> Mount count</EM
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> and
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<EM
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> Last checked</EM
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> .
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</P
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></LI
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><LI
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><P
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> The existence of corrupted files (bad blocks):
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<EM
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> Filesystem state</EM
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> .
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</P
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></LI
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></UL
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><P
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> You might get warnings about these things when you mount the
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device or when you try the read files from the device.
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</P
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="sect2"
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><H2
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CLASS="sect2"
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><A
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NAME="and-then"
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></A
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>11.2. And then?</H2
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><P
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> When the usage allocation has been spent, or there is evidence of
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file corruption, the thing to do is to run <TT
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CLASS="prompt"
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>#</TT
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> <TT
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CLASS="userinput"
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><B
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>fsck.ext2</B
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> /dev/sda1</B
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></TT
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> with the device unmounted. After that, usage
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parameters will be freshly allocated and bad blocks will be gone.
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</P
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><DIV
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CLASS="note"
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><P
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></P
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><TABLE
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CLASS="note"
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WIDTH="100%"
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BORDER="0"
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="25"
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ALIGN="CENTER"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><IMG
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SRC="../images/note.gif"
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HSPACE="5"
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ALT="Note"></TD
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><TD
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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VALIGN="TOP"
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><P
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>
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When dealing with the vfat system, the <SPAN
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CLASS="application"
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> dump</SPAN
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> does not seem to exist. The command
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<TT
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CLASS="prompt"
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>#</TT
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> <TT
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CLASS="userinput"
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><B
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><B
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CLASS="command"
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>dumpe2fs</B
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> -f /dev/sda1</B
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></TT
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> for filesystems
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other than ext2 does not work for vfat. The tool <SPAN
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CLASS="application"
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> dosfsck</SPAN
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> exists (it is still Alpha), and may be
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risky to use on a device you have not formatted yourself.
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</P
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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></DIV
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></DIV
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
|
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WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
|
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
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WIDTH="100%"
|
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BORDER="0"
|
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CELLPADDING="0"
|
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CELLSPACING="0"
|
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><TR
|
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><TD
|
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WIDTH="33%"
|
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ALIGN="left"
|
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VALIGN="top"
|
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><A
|
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HREF="users.html"
|
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ACCESSKEY="P"
|
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>Prev</A
|
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></TD
|
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><TD
|
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WIDTH="34%"
|
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ALIGN="center"
|
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VALIGN="top"
|
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><A
|
|
HREF="index.html"
|
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ACCESSKEY="H"
|
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>Home</A
|
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></TD
|
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><TD
|
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WIDTH="33%"
|
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ALIGN="right"
|
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VALIGN="top"
|
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><A
|
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HREF="linux-2.6.html"
|
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ACCESSKEY="N"
|
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>Next</A
|
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></TD
|
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></TR
|
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><TR
|
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><TD
|
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WIDTH="33%"
|
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ALIGN="left"
|
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VALIGN="top"
|
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>Making the memory stick accessible to users</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="34%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="top"
|
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> </TD
|
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
|
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ALIGN="right"
|
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VALIGN="top"
|
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>The Linux-2.6 kernel</TD
|
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></TR
|
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></TABLE
|
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></DIV
|
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></BODY
|
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></HTML
|
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> |