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<TITLE>Filesystems HOWTO: Volumes</TITLE>
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<H2><A NAME="s2">2.</A> <A HREF="Filesystems-HOWTO.html#toc2">Volumes</A></H2>
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<H2><A NAME="ss2.1">2.1</A> <A HREF="Filesystems-HOWTO.html#toc2.1">PC Partitions</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>
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<A HREF="http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/partitions/">http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/partitions/</A>
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Partition types document by Andries Brouwer <
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<A HREF="mailto:aeb@cwi.nl">aeb@cwi.nl</A>></LI>
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</UL>
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</P>
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<H3>GNU parted</H3>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI> Homepage:
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<A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/software/parted">http://www.gnu.org/software/parted</A></LI>
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<LI> Download:
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<A HREF="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/parted/">ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/parted/</A></LI>
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<LI> Authors: Andrew Clausen <
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<A HREF="mailto:clausen@gnu.org">clausen@gnu.org</A>>,
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Lennert Buytenhek <
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<A HREF="mailto:buytenh@dsv.nl">buytenh@dsv.nl</A>> and
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Matt Wilson <
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<A HREF="mailto:msw@redhat.com">msw@redhat.com</A>>. </LI>
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<LI> Bug reports: <
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<A HREF="mailto:bug-parted@gnu.org">bug-parted@gnu.org</A>>, </LI>
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<LI> Access: varies for each filesystem, see below.</LI>
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<LI> License: GPL</LI>
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</UL>
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GNU Parted is a program for creating, destroying, resizing, checking and
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copying partitions, and the filesystems on them.</P>
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<P>This is useful for creating space for new operating systems, reorganising
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disk usage, copying data between hard disks, and "disk imaging" - replicating
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installations over many computers.</P>
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<P>Parted has support for these operations:
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<PRE>
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Filesystem detect create resize copy check
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ext2 * * *1 *2 *3
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fat * * *4 *4 *
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linux-swap * * * * *
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</PRE>
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</P>
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<P><B>NOTES:</B></P>
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<P>(1) The start of the partition must stay fixed for ext2.</P>
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<P>(2) The partition you copy to must be bigger (or exactly the same size)
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as the partition you copy from.</P>
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<P>(3) Limited checking is done when the filesystem is opened. This is the
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only checking at the moment. All commands (including resize) will gracefully
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fail, leaving the filesystem in tact, if there are any errors in the file
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system (and the vast majority of errors in general).</P>
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<P>(4) The size of the new partition, after resizing or copying, is restricted
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by the cluster size for fat (mainly affects FAT16). This is worse than you
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think, because you don't get to choose your cluster size (it's a bug in
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Windows, but you want compatibility, right?).</P>
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<P>So, in practise, you can always shrink your partition (because Parted
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can shrink the cluster size), but you may not be able to grow the partition
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to the size you want. If you don't have any problems with using FAT32, you
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will always be able to grow the partition to the size you want.</P>
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<P>Summary: you can always shrink your partition. If you can't use
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FAT32 for some reason, you may not be able to grow your partition.</P>
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<H3>Repairing corrupted partition table</H3>
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<H3>Fixdisktable</H3>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI> Homepage:
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<A HREF="http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/fat32.html">http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/fat32.html</A></LI>
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<LI> Download: ?</LI>
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<LI> Author: ?</LI>
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<LI> Access: ?</LI>
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<LI> License: ?</LI>
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</UL>
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This is a utility that handles ext2, FAT, NTFS, ufs, BSD disklabels
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(but not yet old Linux swap partitions); it actually will rewrite
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the partition table, if you give it permission. </P>
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<H3>gpart</H3>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI> Homepage:
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<A HREF="http://home.pages.de/~michab/gpart/">http://home.pages.de/~michab/gpart/</A></LI>
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<LI> Download: ?</LI>
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<LI> Author: ?</LI>
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<LI> Access: ?</LI>
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<LI> License: ?</LI>
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</UL>
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GPART is a utility
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that handles ext2, FAT, Linux swap, HPFS, NTFS, FreeBSD and
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Solaris/x86 disklabels, minix, reiser fs; it prints a proposed
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contents for the primary partition table, and is well-documented.</P>
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<H3>rescuept</H3>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI> Homepage: util-linux ?</LI>
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<LI> Download: ?</LI>
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<LI> Author: ?</LI>
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<LI> Access: ?</LI>
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<LI> License: ?</LI>
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</UL>
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Recognizes ext2 superblocks,
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FAT partitions, swap partitions, and extended partition tables;
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it may also recognize BSD disklabels and Unixware 7 partitions.
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It prints out information that can be used with fdisk or sfdisk
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to reconstruct the partition table.
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It is in the non-installed part of the util-linux distribution.</P>
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<H3>findsuper</H3>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI> Homepage: e2progs ?</LI>
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<LI> Download: ?</LI>
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<LI> Author: ?</LI>
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<LI> Access: ?</LI>
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<LI> License: ?</LI>
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</UL>
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Small utility that finds blocks with the ext2
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superblock signature, and prints out location and some info.
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It is in the non-installed part of the e2progs distribution.</P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss2.2">2.2</A> <A HREF="Filesystems-HOWTO.html#toc2.2">Other partitions</A>
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</H2>
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<P>Because I use <B>only</B> Intel x86 machines, any contributions (or non-x86
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machine donation ;-) ) are <B>very</B> welcome. If you can provide any useful
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information, don't hesitate to mail
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<A HREF="mailto:mhi@penguin.cz">me</A>.</P>
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<H3>ADFS partitions</H3>
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<H3>Amiga partitions</H3>
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<H3>ATARI partitions</H3>
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<H3>Macintosh partitions</H3>
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<H3>OSF partitions</H3>
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<H3>Sun partitions</H3>
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<H3>Ultrix partitions</H3>
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<H2><A NAME="ss2.3">2.3</A> <A HREF="Filesystems-HOWTO.html#toc2.3">Unix disklabels</A>
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</H2>
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<P>(todo)</P>
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<H3>BSD disklabel</H3>
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<P>(todo)</P>
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<H3>UnixWare disklabel</H3>
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<P>UnixWare VTOC (Volume Table Of Contents) divides disk partition to 16 logical
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partitions. Linux kernel supports UnixWare VTOC, you must check
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"UnixWare slices support (EXPERIMENTAL)" and recompile your kernel.
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Another way of reading UnixWare disklabel is using GPL port of prtvtoc(1)
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command, which is in
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<A HREF="Filesystems-HOWTO-9.html#vxtools">vxtools</A> package.</P>
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<H3>SCO OpenServer disklabel</H3>
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<P>(todo)</P>
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<H3>Sun Solaris disklabel</H3>
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<P>(todo)</P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss2.4">2.4</A> <A HREF="Filesystems-HOWTO.html#toc2.4">Windows NT volumes</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI> Homepage:
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<A HREF="http://www.penguin.cz/~mhi/fs/vol/">http://www.penguin.cz/~mhi/fs/vol/</A></LI>
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<LI> Author: Martin Hinner <
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<A HREF="mailto:mhi@penguin.cz">mhi@penguin.cz</A>></LI>
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<LI> Access: Read-only, supports OS/2 Volumes, Windows NT Stripe sets and
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volumes.</LI>
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<LI> Download:
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<A HREF="ftp://ftp.penguin.cz/pub/users/mhi/vol/">ftp://ftp.penguin.cz/pub/users/mhi/vol/</A></LI>
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<LI> License: GPL</LI>
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</UL>
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This linux-kernel driver allows you to access and mount linear and stripe set
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volumes.</P>
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<H3><A NAME="ntfs_ftedit"></A> Repairing "fault tolerant" NTFS disks using FTEdit</H3>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI> Homepage: ? MS ARTICLE ID: Q131658</LI>
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<LI> Download:
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<A HREF="ftp://ftp.rhrz.uni-bonn.de/pub/pc/winnt/intel/ftedit.zip">ftp://ftp.rhrz.uni-bonn.de/pub/pc/winnt/intel/ftedit.zip</A></LI>
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<LI> Author: Microsoft Corp.</LI>
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<LI> License: ?</LI>
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</UL>
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If you have a Windows NT Workstation or Server configured for fault
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tolerant (FT) partitions (such as stripes with parity and volume sets), and
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those partitions are inaccessible and appear in Disk Administrator as type
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Unknown, you can possibly make them accessible again by using the utility
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FTEDIT.</P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss2.5">2.5</A> <A HREF="Filesystems-HOWTO.html#toc2.5">MD - Multiple Devices driver for Linux</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI> Homepage:?</LI>
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<LI> Author: Marc Zyngier <
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<A HREF="mailto:maz@wild-wind.fr.eu.org">maz@wild-wind.fr.eu.org</A>></LI>
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<LI> Access: Read-write, supports linear mode, RAID-1, RAID-4 and RAID-5.</LI>
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<LI> Download: Linux kernel, tools are available at
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<A HREF="ftp://sweet-smoke.ufr-info-p7.ibp.fr/public/Linux/">ftp://sweet-smoke.ufr-info-p7.ibp.fr/public/Linux/</A></LI>
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<LI> License: GPL</LI>
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</UL>
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This driver lets you combine several hard disk partitions into one
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logical block device. This can be used to simply append one
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partition to another one or to combine several redundant
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hard disks to a RAID1/4/5 device so as to provide protection against
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hard disk failures. This is called "Software RAID" since the
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combining of the partitions is done by the kernel.</P>
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<H2><A NAME="lvm"></A> <A NAME="ss2.6">2.6</A> <A HREF="Filesystems-HOWTO.html#toc2.6">LVM - Logical Volume Manager (HP-UX LVM?)</A>
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</H2>
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<P>Linux implementation is available here:</P>
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI> Homepage:
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<A HREF="http://linux.msede.com/lvm/">http://linux.msede.com/lvm/</A></LI>
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<LI> Author: Heinz Mauelshagen <
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<A HREF="mailto:mauelsha@ez-darmstadt.telekom.de">mauelsha@ez-darmstadt.telekom.de</A>></LI>
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<LI> Access: ?</LI>
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<LI> Download:
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<A HREF="ftp://linux.msede.com/lvm/v0.6/">ftp://linux.msede.com/lvm/v0.6/</A></LI>
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<LI> License: GPL</LI>
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</UL>
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</P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss2.7">2.7</A> <A HREF="Filesystems-HOWTO.html#toc2.7">VxVM - Veritas Volume Manager</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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<A NAME="vxvm"></A>
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For more information about Veritas Volume Manager see
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<A HREF="http://www.veritas.com/">http://www.veritas.com/</A>.</P>
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<P>See also:
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<A HREF="Filesystems-HOWTO-9.html#vxfs">VxFS (Veritas Journaling Filesystem)</A>.</P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss2.8">2.8</A> <A HREF="Filesystems-HOWTO.html#toc2.8">IBM OS/2 LVM</A>
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</H2>
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<P>Logical Volume Manager is available in OS/2 WarpServer 5. It allows you to
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create linear volumes on several disks/partitions. Some people say that it's
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compatible with IBM AIX Logical Volume Manager. </P>
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<P>See also:
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<A HREF="Filesystems-HOWTO-4.html#hpfs">HPFS</A>,
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<A HREF="Filesystems-HOWTO-9.html#jfs">JFS</A></P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss2.9">2.9</A> <A HREF="Filesystems-HOWTO.html#toc2.9">StackVM</A>
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</H2>
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<P>StackVM is CrosStor's volume manager. Using StackVM the
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administrator can combine multiple physical disk slices into a single
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logical device know as a vdisk. Vdisk is short for virtual disk. The
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physical disks can be combined to form a concatenation, RAID 0 (stripe),
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RAID 1 (mirror), RAID 4 or RAID 5. In addition a single disk partition can
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be subdivided into multiple simple vdisks. For more information see CrosStor
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homepage at
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<A HREF="http://www.crosstor.com/">http://www.crosstor.com/</A>.</P>
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<H2><A NAME="nwvol"></A> <A NAME="ss2.10">2.10</A> <A HREF="Filesystems-HOWTO.html#toc2.10">Novell NetWare volumes</A>
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</H2>
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<P>NetWare volumes are used for NWFS-386 filesystem.</P>
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