128 lines
5.8 KiB
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128 lines
5.8 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
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<TITLE>Setting Up Your New Domain Mini-HOWTO.: Glossary of Terms</TITLE>
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<LINK HREF="Domain-9.html" REL=previous>
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<LINK HREF="Domain.html#toc10" REL=contents>
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<H2><A NAME="s10">10. Glossary of Terms</A></H2>
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<P>This is a list of the meanings of some of the words and acronyms used
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in this document.
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<P>
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<DL>
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<DT><B>CGI Script</B><DD><P>A Common Gateway Interface Script. This is a program
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which is run on demand to generate the content of a web page. If a web
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page has to do more than simply feed an unchanging text and graphics
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display to the viewer, you will probably need some sort of dynamic
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content generation program such as a CGI Script. Examples include
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discussion boards, feedback forms, e-commerce shopping carts, and
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more.
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<DT><B>
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<A NAME="glossary-dhcp"></A> DHCP</B><DD><P>Dynamic Host Configuration
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Protocol. A standard, defined in RFC 1531, for computers on a TCP/IP
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network to request from a central server information such as the IP
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number they should be using, the netmask, the gateway, etc. Rather
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than an administrator entering this information into the machine
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configuration, the machine simply requests it from the server as it is
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preparing to attach to the network.
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<DT><B>
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<A NAME="glossary-dns"></A> DNS</B><DD><P>Domain Name Service. A standard for
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translating domain names into
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<A HREF="#glossary-ip-num">IP Number</A>s, or vice versa, by looking up data in centralized databases.
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<DT><B>DSL</B><DD><P>Digital Subscriber Line. A relatively high speed network
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connection, usually delivered through specialized telephone wiring.
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<DT><B>
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<A NAME="glossary-dyn-ip"></A> Dynamic IP Number</B><DD><P>An
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<A HREF="#glossary-ip-num">IP Number</A> which is assigned periodically
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or on a per-session basis. No guarantee is made that the number will
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remain constant. A dynamic IP number might change only when your
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network connection hangs up and reconnects, or it might change
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periodically under
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<A HREF="#glossary-dhcp">DHCP</A>
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negotiation. Certain session-based services such as <EM>telnet</EM>
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and <EM>ssh</EM> will stop working if the IP number of either end of
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the connection is changed during the session.
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<DT><B>Forward DNS Query</B><DD><P>A
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<A HREF="#glossary-dns">DNS</A> query
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which converts a domain name into an
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<A HREF="#glossary-ip-num">IP Number</A>.
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<DT><B>
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<A NAME="glossary-ftp"></A> FTP</B><DD><P>The File Transfer Protocol. A
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standard system for sending files between machines over the Internet.
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<DT><B>ftpd</B><DD><P>The daemon responsible for providing
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<A HREF="#glossary-ftp">FTP</A> services on a host. It responds to queries initiated by a
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remote client.
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<DT><B>Internet Service Provider</B><DD><P>See
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<A HREF="#glossary-isp">ISP</A>.
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<DT><B>IP</B><DD><P>See
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<A HREF="#glossary-ip-num">IP Number</A>.
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<DT><B>
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<A NAME="glossary-ip-num"></A> IP Number</B><DD><P>The ``address'' of a
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certain network interface. Under the current addressing standard,
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called ipv4, this number consists of four 8-bit values, generally
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written as base-10 numbers separated by dots. Communication between
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computers on the Internet is based on packets of information sent
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between IP numbers.
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<DT><B>
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<A NAME="glossary-isp"></A> ISP</B><DD><P>Internet Service Provider. The
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company which provides your network connectivity, including connection
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hardware, service hosting, and leasing out the IP numbers under their
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control.
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<DT><B>Masquerading</B><DD><P>A form of filtering in which packets from one
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machine to the outside world have their headers rewritten so that they
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appear to come from an intermediate machine. That intermediate machine
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then passes responses back to the originating machine. The net effect
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is that an entire network of machines can appear to use a single IP
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number, that of the masquerading host, for the purpose of outgoing
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connections.
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<DT><B>named</B><DD><P>The name server daemon. This is the daemon which answers
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<A HREF="#glossary-dns">DNS</A> queries, and is distributed as part
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of the BIND package.
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<DT><B>Network Time Protocol</B><DD><P>See
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<A HREF="#glossary-ntp">NTP</A>.
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<DT><B>
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<A NAME="glossary-ntp"></A> NTP</B><DD><P>Network Time Protocol. A standard
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for synchronizing your system clock with the ``true time'', defined as
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the average of many high-accuracy clocks around the world.
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<DT><B>OS</B><DD><P>Operating system. Linux, Windows, FreeBSD, BeOS, HP-UX, etc.
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<DT><B>PHB</B><DD><P>
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<A HREF="http://www.unitedmedia.com/comics/dilbert/about/html/boss.html">Pointy-Haired Boss</A>. A creation of Scott Adams, of Dilbert
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fame.
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<DT><B>Provider</B><DD><P>See
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<A HREF="#glossary-isp">ISP</A>.
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<DT><B>Reverse DNS Query</B><DD><P>A
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<A HREF="#glossary-dns">DNS</A> query
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which converts a
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<A HREF="#glossary-ip-num">IP Number</A> into a domain name.
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<DT><B>Router</B><DD><P>A specialized hardware device which implements rules for
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where to send packets based on their
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<A HREF="#glossary-ip-num">IP Number</A>s, and which bridges between your Ethernet hardware
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and whatever communications medium connects you to your
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<A HREF="#glossary-isp">ISP</A>.
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<DT><B>ssh</B><DD><P>The secure shell. A cryptographically strong replacement for
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<EM>rlogin</EM>, <EM>telnet</EM>, <EM>ftp</EM>, and other programs.
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Protects against ``spoofing'', man in the middle attacks, and packet
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sniffing.
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<DT><B>Static IP Number</B><DD><P>An
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<A HREF="#glossary-ip-num">IP Number</A>
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which has been assigned or leased to you permanently. Barring
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revocation of the agreement which granted you this number, that IP
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number will always be available for your use, and no other machine on
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the Internet is allowed to use that number. Contrast this with
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<A HREF="#glossary-dyn-ip">Dynamic IP Number</A>s.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<HR>
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Next
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<A HREF="Domain-9.html">Previous</A>
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