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385 lines
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<TITLE>The Linux Danish/International HOWTO: Display and application setup</TITLE>
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<LINK HREF="Danish-HOWTO-4.html" REL=next>
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<A HREF="Danish-HOWTO.html#toc3">Contents</A>
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<HR>
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<H2><A NAME="s3">3. Display and application setup</A><!--Danish!display configuration--><!--Danish!application configuration--></H2>
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<P>Most applications need to be compiled as ``8-bit-clean'' to work well with
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European characters. Some need a few extra hints to get it right.
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss3.1">3.1 Loading the ISO-8859-1 font on the console</A>
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<!--Danish!application!font loading--><!--Danish!application!ISO-8859-1 font--></H2>
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<P>Execute the following commands from your shell prompt:
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<PRE>
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setfont lat1u-16.psf
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</PRE>
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<P>In Red Hat Linux 5.2 and higher you can do this by adding these lines to
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<CODE>/etc/sysconfig/i18n</CODE>:
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<PRE>
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SYSFONT=lat1u-16.psf
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SYSTERM=linux
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</PRE>
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Due to a bug in the <CODE>ncurses</CODE> package on Red Hat Linux 5.2, you also
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have to change ``linux-lat'' to ``linux'' in <CODE>/etc/profile.d/lang.sh</CODE>.
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This is not necessary in Red Hat Linux 6.0.
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss3.2">3.2 The Euro symbol</A>
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<!--Danish!the Euro symbol--></H2>
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<P>A new symbol has been added to the Danish character set: The symbol for the
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Euro (the new currency of the European Monetary Union.) A new character set
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called ISO-8859-15 a.k.a. latin0 (or latin9) has been created to replace
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ISO-8859-1 (latin1.) You must use the
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<A HREF="ftp://ftp.freshmeat.net/pub/euro-patch/">EURO</A> package to get support for
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latin0. The package includes both fonts and keymaps.
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="ss3.3">3.3 Characters you can display under Linux</A>
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<!--Danish!displayable characters--></H2>
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<P>Type <CODE>dumpkeys -l | less</CODE> at the prompt to find out which characters
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that are readily available. You can map them to your keyboard via the keymap
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files mentioned in section
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<A HREF="Danish-HOWTO-2.html#loadkbd">Loading a keytable</A>.
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="apps"></A> <A NAME="ss3.4">3.4 International character sets in specific applications</A>
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<!--Danish!applications!character sets in--></H2>
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<P>A number of applications demand special attention. This section describes
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how to set up configuration files for them.
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<P>
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<DL>
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<DT><B><CODE>bash</CODE>:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!bash
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-->
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Put the following in your <CODE>~/.inputrc</CODE> file:
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<PRE>
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set meta-flag on
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set convert-meta off
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set output-meta on
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</PRE>
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<P>
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<DT><B><CODE>elm</CODE>:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!elm
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-->
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Put the following definitions in your <CODE>~/.elm/elmrc</CODE> file:
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<PRE>
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charset = iso-8859-1
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displaycharset = iso-8859-1
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textencoding = 8bit
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</PRE>
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<P>This may not work on some versions of <CODE>elm</CODE>. You can get partial <B>MIME</B>
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support in <CODE>elm</CODE> if you use <CODE>metamail</CODE>.
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<P>
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<DT><B><CODE>emacs</CODE>:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!emacs
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-->
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Put the following in your <CODE>~/.emacs</CODE> or the the system-wide
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initialization file (probably <CODE>/usr/lib/emacs/site-lisp/default.el</CODE> or
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<CODE>/usr/share/emacs/site-lisp/default.el</CODE>):
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<PRE>
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(standard-display-european t)
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(set-input-mode (car (current-input-mode))
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(nth 1 (current-input-mode))
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0)
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</PRE>
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<P>Dead keys should work under GNU emacs provided you use GNU emacs v19.30 or
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higher and XFree86 v3.1.2 or higher (it works for me anyway,) so do not start
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researching available elisp packages implementing ``electric keys'' or
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anything like that. If you want to implement European keyboard conventions
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in emacs without upgrading, the best choice is probably the <CODE>remap</CODE>
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package available from
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<A HREF="ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/emacs/auctex/ftp/auctex/">SunSite DK</A>.
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There are also two packages called <CODE>iso-acc.elc</CODE> and <CODE>iso-trans.elc</CODE>
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included with emacs that have similar functionality, but they are not nearly
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as powerful.
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<P>
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<DT><B><CODE>groff</CODE>:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!groff
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-->
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Issue the command as
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<PRE>
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groff -Tlatin1 <your_groff_input_file>
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</PRE>
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if you want ISO-8859-1 text output.
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<P>Remember to change this in <CODE>/etc/man.config</CODE> to get latin1 characters
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working in <CODE>man</CODE> (don't remove the <CODE>-mandoc</CODE> switch.)
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<P>
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<DT><B><CODE>ispell</CODE> --- Spell checking in Danish:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!ispell
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-->
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First make sure that you install version 3.1.20 instead of version 4.0 of
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<CODE>ispell</CODE>. The latter is obsolete and multiple brain-damaged. You can
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download the sources for <CODE>ispell</CODE> at
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<A HREF="ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/gnu/">the GNU archive</A>
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and you can get a Danish dictionary from
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<A HREF="http://www.sslug.dk/ispell/idanish/dansk.html">SSLUG</A>. Follow
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the compilation instructions and you should have no trouble (One caveat: When
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defining the variables necessary for compilation you must tell ispell that
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Linux is a SysV type OS by defining the variable <CODE>USG</CODE>.)
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<P>When you have installed the Danish dictionary for <CODE>ispell</CODE> you can check
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the spelling of a Danish language file by executing the command:
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<PRE>
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ispell -d danish -T latin1 -w "<22><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>" <your_danish_text_file>
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</PRE>
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<P>(Note for non-Danish readers: You can find dictionaries for most Western
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languages by reading the file <CODE>Where</CODE> included with the sources for
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<CODE>ispell</CODE>.)
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<P>
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<DT><B><CODE>joe</CODE>:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!joe
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-->
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Issue the command as
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<PRE>
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joe -asis
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</PRE>
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or put the following in your <CODE>~/.joerc</CODE> file:
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<PRE>
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-asis
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</PRE>
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<P>The hyphen character <EM>must</EM> be in the first column.
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<P>
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<DT><B><CODE>kermit</CODE>:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!kermit
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-->
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This is as close as I can get, but not completely satisfying yet. Put the
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following in your <CODE>~/.kermrc</CODE> file:
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<PRE>
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set terminal bytesize 8
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set command bytesize 8
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set file bytesize 8
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set language danish
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set file character-set latin1-iso
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set transfer character-set latin1-iso
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set terminal character-set latin1-iso
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</PRE>
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<P>I think there are more variables to set, but they are hiding. You would have
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to modify these settings if the remote system is DOS or OS/2 based.
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<P>
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<DT><B><CODE>less</CODE>:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!less
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-->
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Set the following environment variable:
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<PRE>
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LESSCHARSET=latin1
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</PRE>
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This is not necessary if your system support locales. Then you should just
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set <CODE>LANG</CODE>, <CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE> or <CODE>LC_ALL</CODE> (see section
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<A HREF="Danish-HOWTO-5.html#locale">Locale support in libc 5.4.x and higher</A>.)
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<P>
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<DT><B><CODE>ls</CODE>:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!ls
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-->
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Issue the command as
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<PRE>
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ls -N
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</PRE>
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or possibly
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<PRE>
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ls --8bit
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</PRE>
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<P>
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<DT><B><CODE>lynx</CODE>:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!lynx
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-->
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Put the following definition in your <CODE>~/.lynxrc</CODE> file:
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<PRE>
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character_set=ISO Latin 1
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</PRE>
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<P>This can also be set via the <CODE>Options</CODE> menu in <CODE>lynx</CODE>. Type `o' and set
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the relevant option.
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<P>
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<DT><B><CODE>man</CODE>:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!man
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-->
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See entry for <CODE>groff</CODE> in this section.
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<P>
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<DT><B><CODE>metamail</CODE>:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!metamail
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-->
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Set the following environment variable:
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<PRE>
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MM_CHARSET=ISO-8859-1
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</PRE>
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<P>
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<DT><B><CODE>nn</CODE>:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!nn
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-->
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Put the following in your <CODE>~/.nn/init</CODE> file:
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<PRE>
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set data-bits 8
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</PRE>
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<P>
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<DT><B><CODE>pine</CODE>:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!pine
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-->
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Put the following definition in your <CODE>~/.pinerc</CODE> file:
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<PRE>
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character-set=ISO-8859-1
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</PRE>
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<P>This can also be set via the <CODE>Setup</CODE>, <CODE>Config</CODE> menu option in <CODE>pine</CODE>.
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It won't hurt to enable <CODE>enable-8bit-esmtp-negotiation</CODE> and
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<CODE>enable-8bit-nntp-posting</CODE> (for news) in that menu too.
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<P>
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<DT><B><CODE>rlogin</CODE>:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!rlogin
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-->
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Issue the command as
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<PRE>
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rlogin -8 foo.bar.dk
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</PRE>
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<P>
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<DT><B><CODE>sendmail</CODE>:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!sendmail
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-->
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Put (or uncomment) the following in your <CODE>/etc/sendmail.cf</CODE> file:
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<PRE>
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O SevenBitInput=False
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O EightBitMode=pass8
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O DefaultCharSet=iso-8859-1
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</PRE>
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<P>
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<DT><B><CODE>tcsh</CODE>:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!tcsh
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-->
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Put the following in your <CODE>/etc/csh.login</CODE> or <CODE>~/.tcshrc</CODE>
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file:
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<PRE>
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setenv LANG C
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</PRE>
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<P>Actually you just have to define one of the environment variables <CODE>LANG</CODE>
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or <CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE>. The value does not matter. Read the <CODE>tcsh</CODE> man
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page for more information.
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<P>
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<DT><B><CODE>telnet</CODE>:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!telnet
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-->
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Put one line of the following type in your <CODE>~/.telnetrc</CODE> file for
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<B>each</B> host you want to log on to using <CODE>telnet</CODE>:
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<PRE>
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<hostname> set outbinary true
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</PRE>
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<P>Example:
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<PRE>
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localhost set outbinary true
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foo.bar.dk set outbinary true
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</PRE>
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<P>
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<A NAME="latex"></A> <DT><B>TeX/LaTeX:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!TeX
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-->
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<!--
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Danish!applications!LaTeX
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-->
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There are several problems with TeX/LaTeX: You want LaTeX to understand
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the special characters and you do not want LaTeX to put in English words
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like ``Chapter'' at the beginning of every chapter or use English typesetting
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conventions.
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<P>Under LaTeX2e the header of your input file should look something like this:
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<PRE>
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\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
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\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
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\usepackage{t1enc}
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\usepackage[danish]{babel}
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</PRE>
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<P>The first <CODE>usepackage</CODE> statement ensures that LaTeX will interpret
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European characters correctly, so you do not have to use escape codes for
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European characters. The second one is not strictly necessary, but it is
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recommended including it to use the new EC fonts (previously called DC
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fonts.) The third <CODE>usepackage</CODE> statement defines a range of standards
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for typesetting texts in Danish.
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<P>All the major Linux distributions now includes the <B>teTeX</B> package. To
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set up teTeX you must run the script <CODE>texconfig</CODE>. Here you can choose
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Danish hyphenation (dansk: ``orddeling''), A4 papersize for <CODE>dvips</CODE> and
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<CODE>xdvi</CODE> etc.
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<P>All new Linux distributions include LaTeX2e, but on older systems you might
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come across LaTeX 2.09. If that happens you can use
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<PRE>
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\documentstyle[a4,isolatin]{article}
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</PRE>
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to include support for ISO-8859-1 characters and European paper sizes. A
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better thing to do would be to ask your system administrator to upgrade
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to LaTeX2e.
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<P><CODE>isolatin.sty</CODE> is available from all
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<A HREF="ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/pub/tex/ctan/">CTAN servers</A>.
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<P>Some people prefer to use emacs in a special mode which translates ``special''
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letters into TeX escape codes, but this method is obsolete.
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<P>
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<DT><B><CODE>tin</CODE>:</B><DD><P>
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<!--
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Danish!applications!tin
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-->
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Put the following definitions in your <CODE>~/.tin/headers</CODE> file:
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<PRE>
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Mime-Version: 1.0
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Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
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</PRE>
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<P>Now you can post messages with the proper Danish characters in the message
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body.
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</DL>
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<P>
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<HR>
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<A HREF="Danish-HOWTO-4.html">Next</A>
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<A HREF="Danish-HOWTO-2.html">Previous</A>
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