6921 lines
200 KiB
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6921 lines
200 KiB
Plaintext
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Linux Gazette... making Linux just a little more fun!
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Copyright © 1996 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc. linux@ssc.com
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_________________________________________________________________
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Welcome to Linux Gazette! (tm)
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Linux Gazette, a member of the Linux Documentation Project, is an
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on-line WWW publication that is dedicated to two simple ideas:
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* Making Linux just a little more fun
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* Sharing ideas and discoveries
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The basic idea behind these two concepts is that Linux is one cool OS,
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whose price for admission is a willingness to read, learn, tinker
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(aka, hack!), and then share your experiences. The Gazette is a
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compilation of basic tips, tricks, suggestions, ideas and short
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articles about Linux designed to make using Linux fun and easy. LG
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began as a personal project of John M. Fisk, and grew to include
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contributions freely provided by a growing number of authors. Linux
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Journal is now publishing the Gazette using material contributed by
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outside authors (note to potential authors). Without these authors
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there would not be a Gazette, and I thank them all. Drop a note to the
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author of anything that you find helpful or instructive--the author's
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e-mail address is included for this very purpose.
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Linux Gazette is a non-commercial publication and will remain that
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way. A tar, gzip file containing all issues of Linux Gazette and one
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containing the current issue can be found at ftp://ftp.ssc.com/pub/lg/
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Thanks to Matt Welsh, coordinator of the Linux Documentation Project,
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for graciously bringing the Linux Gazette under the auspices of the
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LDP. The material included in these documents is covered by a
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designedly liberal copyright: as long as you are using the material
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for non-commercial purposes, you may do with them as you please. For
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information regarding copying and distribution of this material read
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the Copying License.
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A new table of contents will appear with each issue that will allow
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you to easily find articles of interest. A search engine is also
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provided to allow you to search all issues for items relating to a
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particular subject.
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Have fun!
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_________________________________________________________________
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* Table of Contents Issue #12
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* Table of Contents Issue #11
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* Table of Contents Issue #10
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* Table of Contents Issue #9
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* Table of Contents Issues #1-#8
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* Index of All Issues
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_________________________________________________________________
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Search In: [Linux Gazette (TM).......]
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Search For: ______________________________ ______
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_________________________________________________________________
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Linux Gazette WWW & FTP Mirror Sites
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For those readers who are accessing Linux Gazette from outside the
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U.S. or are having problems with slow connections at a particular
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site, mirror sites are available worldwide. Thanks to all of the
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people who have kindly offered the use of their WWW and FTP sites in
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order to make this possible!
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_________________________________________________________________
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Linux Journal's latest
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HOT LINUX NEWS!
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_________________________________________________________________
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LINUX INFORMATION
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Two SSC links that you might find useful. The first is to Linux
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Journal 's "Hot Linux News" page, and the second is to SSC's Linux
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Resources page.
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_________________________________________________________________
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LINUX GAZETTE IS PUBLISHED BY:
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SSC - Publishers of Linux Journal (tm)
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_________________________________________________________________
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Got any great ideas for improvements! Send your comments, criticisms,
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suggestions and ideas.
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Linux Gazette, http://www.ssc.com/lg/
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This page written and maintained by the Editor of Linux Gazette,
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gazette@ssc.com
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LINUX GAZETTE
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Copyright © 1996 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.
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For information regarding copying and distribution of this material see
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the Copying License.
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_________________________________________________________________
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ISSUE #12
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_________________________________________________________________
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* The Front Page
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* The MailBag
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* More 2 Cent Tips
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+ Boot Information Display
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+ Console Tricks
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+ Firewalling / Masquerading with 2.0.xx
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+ FTP and /etc/shells
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+ How to Truncate /var/adm/messages
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+ HTML, Use of BODY Attributes
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+ lowerit Shell Script
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+ Removing Users
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+ Root and Passwords
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+ Talk Daemon and Dynamic Addresses
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+ tar Tricks
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* News Bytes
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+ News in General
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+ Software Announcements
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* The Adventure of Upgrading to Redhat 4.0, by Randy Appleton
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* Features of TCSH Shell, by Jesper Kj<4B>r Pedersen
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* FEddi HOWTO (English version), by Manuel Soriano
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* Graphics Muse, by Michael J. Hammel
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* InfoZIP Archive Utilities, by Robert G. "Doc" Savage
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* New Release Reviews, by Larry Ayers
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+ Slang Applications for Linux
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+ Updates to My Previous Reviews
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+ The Yard Rescue Disk Package
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* Recent Linux Conferences
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+ Unix Expo 1996, by Lydia Kinata
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+ DECUS in Anaheim, by Phil Hughes
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+ Open Systems World/Fed/UNIX, by Gary Moore
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* Setting Up the Apache Web Server, by Andy Kahn
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* Weekend Mechanic, by John M. Fisk
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* The Back Page
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+ About This Month's Authors
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+ Not Linux
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Graphics Muse
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Weekend Mechanic
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_________________________________________________________________
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TWDT 1 (text)
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TWDT 2 (HTML)
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are files containing the entire issue: one in text format, one in
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HTML. They are provided strictly as a way to save the contents as one
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file for later printing in the format of your choice; there is no
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guarantee of working links in the HTML version. Our thanks go to
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Tushar Teredesai for pasting together the HTML version.
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_________________________________________________________________
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Got any great ideas for improvements! Send your comments, criticisms,
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suggestions and ideas.
|
|||
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|
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_________________________________________________________________
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This page written and maintained by the Editor of Linux Gazette,
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gazette@ssc.com
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"Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun!"
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_________________________________________________________________
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The Mailbag!
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Write the Gazette at gazette@ssc.com
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_________________________________________________________________
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Date: Thu, 31 Oct 1996 20:11:37 -0500 (EST)
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Subject: Re: Linux Gazette Issue 11
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From: Elliot Lee, sopwith@cuc.edu
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Nice job, as always! :-)
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-- Elliot, webmaster@redhat.com
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(Thanks! --Editor)
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_________________________________________________________________
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Date: Fri, 1 Nov 1996 10:49:21 -0600 (CST)
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Subject: Search Engine
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From: "Dan Crowson" dcrowson@cms.cmsc.com
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Organization: CMS Communications, Inc.
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Hello:
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what kind of search engine are you using for the Linux Gazette www
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server? Is this a linux-based engine?
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Thanks,
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Dan
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(Nope. It just builds on Linux --Editor)
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_________________________________________________________________
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Date: Mon, 4 Nov 1996 17:24:30 -0500
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Subject: Comments on Issue #11
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From: "R. Frank Louden" flouden@fairfield.home.sweet.net
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I am always glad to see another issue of LG. Thank you for taking the
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time to compose it. One comment I'd like to make is the most recent
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issue (#11) is difficult for me to read on the spiral binding
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background. For me, the text lies over close enough to the left edge
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of the page, and it is almost hidden in some parts of the page.
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I may be one of a dying breed but I choose to use Mosaic and wish
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others would consider that MS and Netscape do NOT adhere to the HTML
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specs and are fragmenting the standards. I note that NCSA is working
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on a new version that will provide support that is not currently found
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in the version I use. I am at this moment using an unsupported version
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2.7b5 (it's kinda buggy) but when it works it allows me to see the
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background you have used.
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While whirly-gigs and gewgaws are nice, some of us are still not able
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to upgrade hardware at the whim of the industry and need to have some
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consideration from those who sponsor WWW HTML documents. I have
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accessed pages that are completely illegible (with my old Mosaic) and
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others (with a more up-to-date browser) that take prohibitively long
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times to download. There IS something to be said for standards.
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Thanks again for the Gazette! It is great!!!
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(There may be more than one problem here. First off, if you are
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using a mirror site, the problem is my fault. Somehow, when
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building the tar file for the mirror sites, a gif that was integral
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to the notebook motif -- it moved the print away from the spiral --
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was left out. I am in the process of notifying the mirror site
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where the missing file can be downloaded.
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The notebook spiral was put in using "tables" which is an HTML
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standard. Here at SSC we too believe in following HTML standards.
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In fact the program that we use to push things to the web checks
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that the HTML conforms.
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I have worried that by adding more graphics we might be causing
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problems with download times. However, we also would like to keep
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LG looking good, so thought we'd add away and see what kind of
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comments we get. So far it's tied. One who likes the spiral and
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yours against. BTW, if you are accessing LG through a mirror site,
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try the main site and see if it does better for you
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(http://www.ssc.com/lg).
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Glad you like LG, I certainly have fun putting it together.
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--Editor)
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_________________________________________________________________
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Date: Fri, 01 Nov 1996 13:32:44 +1100
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Subject: http://www.redhat.com/linux-info/lg/issue11/wkndmech.html
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From: Ken Yap ken@syd.dit.csiro.au
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Hi, Like your Linux Gazette, but some GIFs on the page are not
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displaying. Path problem?
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Thanks,
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Ken
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(John Fisk forwarded your mail to me. In building the tar file for
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the mirror sites some files got left out. I have furnished and
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updated file. Sorry about that. --Editor)
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Date: Mon, 04 Nov 1996 12:09:22 -0700
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Subject: XDM Replacement link incorrect
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From: "Kevin J. Butler" butler@byu.edu
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Organization: Novell, Inc.
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In Issue 11 there is an incorrect link.
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On the page: http://www.ssc.com/lg/issue11/lg_tips11.html#xdm
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The link currently is:
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http://www.ssc.com/lg/issue11/alienor.fr/~pierre/index_us.html
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But should be:
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http://alienor.fr/~pierre/index_us.html
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Thanks for a great 'zine! :-)
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kb
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(Got it fixed. Thanks for letting me know. --Editor)
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_________________________________________________________________
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Date: Mon, 4 Nov 1996 22:35:04 +0200 (EET)
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Subject: Re: Linux Gazette Issue 11
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From: Lialios Dionysios ancient@eexi.gr
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Hello, this is Dennis from Greece.
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Well this time I managed to download the whole thing so now I have a
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full mirror. The only problem is that I didn't get (or I don't have)
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the searchbtn.gif and the htsearch.cgi that are used for the search
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engine.
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Did I make something wrong or should I have something I don't?
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Thank you in advance.
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Dennis
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(No, you did nothing wrong. I was so excited to have the search
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engine, I forgot that the mirrors wouldn't have the proper data
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bases. Since these data bases are very big and are for all of the
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SSC site, we have changed the links for the data base so that it
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always refers back to the SSC site rather than a relative address
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pointing to the mirror site. The updated front page file is in the
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update tar file along with the missing files. Let me know if it
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works for you. --Editor)
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_________________________________________________________________
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Date: Tue, 5 Nov 1996 09:01:44 -0800 (PST)
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Subject: Request
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From: ivan.m@ieee.udistrital.edu.co (Ivan Mauricio Montenegro)
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It's the first time I hear about Linux Gazette, I'd want to have all
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the issues, but at the FTP addresses that appear on www.ssc.com have
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the horrible message "Login Error". What could I do?
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Thanks!
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Ivan Mauricio Montenegro
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IEEE Student Branch, Vice-Chairperson
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Distrital University, "Francisco Jos de Caldas", Bogota, Colombia
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(Not sure why you are having a problem. I can tell that others are
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able to download from that address without problem. Are you using
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your browser to point to that address or logging on with anonymous
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ftp?
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I would suggest using a ftp mirror site that is closer to you.
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Unfortunately, Linux Gazette does not have a mirror site in South
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America at this time. There is one in Mexico which is somewhat
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closer to you than Seattle.
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At any rate if you go to the Mirror Site page
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(http://www.ssc.com/lg/mirrors.html) in Linux Gazette, and use the
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links there to go to one of the ftp sites (ours or one of the
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mirrors), you shouldn't be asked for a login. (I never have been
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and that's why I am a little confused by the message you are
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getting.) Let me know if you continue to have problems, and thanks
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for writing. --Editor)
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_________________________________________________________________
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Date: Wed, 06 Nov 1996 21:21:59 -0500
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Subject: Great new look
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From: "Alan L. Waller" alwaller@shore.intercom.net
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Classy !!!
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Al
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(Thanks! Glad you like it. --Editor)
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_________________________________________________________________
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|||
|
Date: Sat, 09 Nov 1996 11:03:26 -0800
|
|||
|
Subject: Thank you
|
|||
|
From: Innocent Bystander innocent@dopey.4dcomm.com
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Thank you very, very much for providing LG to people such as I, who
|
|||
|
haven't become Unix gods yet. After reading my first issue, I am now a
|
|||
|
dedicated reader. What can *I* do to assist LG?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Innocent Bystander, innocent@dopey.4dcomm.com
|
|||
|
San Diego, CA
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(Send us your favorite tips and tricks. We love new contributors.
|
|||
|
Other than that tell all your friends about us and promote Linux
|
|||
|
where ever you are. --Editor)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Mon, 11 Nov 1996 08:08:08 -0600 (CST)
|
|||
|
Subject: Re: Great Writing
|
|||
|
To: "Lowe, Jimmy, D MSGT LGMPD" LOWEJ@SSG.GUNTER.AF.MIL
|
|||
|
From: "John M. Fisk" fiskjm@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Hello Jimmy!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Thanks so much for taking the time to write! I appreciate it. I
|
|||
|
honestly can't take the credit for this -- the kind folks at SSC (and
|
|||
|
the Linux Journal) offered to take over the management of the LG when
|
|||
|
its administrative upkeep just got to be too much. Marjorie Richardson
|
|||
|
is its capable new Editor.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I've taken the liberty of cc'ing a copy of this to her -- definitely
|
|||
|
deserves a pat on the back.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Thanks again and Best Wishes,
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
John
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
---------------------------
|
|||
|
On Thu, 7 Nov 1996, Lowe, Jimmy, D MSGT LGMPD wrote:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
> Hello John,
|
|||
|
>
|
|||
|
> I just wanted to say how glad I am to see the LG is being carried on
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
> in such a fine manner -- during the summer I began to worry a small
|
|||
|
but
|
|||
|
> inspiring story was coming to an end. I think your writing is very
|
|||
|
> entertaining and informative! I really appreciate your work and that
|
|||
|
of
|
|||
|
> all the others in the Linux community and others (e.g. FSF).
|
|||
|
>
|
|||
|
> I hope to give back to this wonderful community of dedicated
|
|||
|
> hobbiest/computer wizards once I get a little more up-to-speed.
|
|||
|
>
|
|||
|
> Hope you and your family are well,
|
|||
|
>
|
|||
|
> Jim Lowe, Montgomery AL
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(I think John was being a little modest on this one. Jim was
|
|||
|
obviously glad to see John's new Weekend Mechanic column in Linux
|
|||
|
Gazette. I certainly was. Thanks a lot John. --Editor)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Sat, 09 Nov 1996 11:30:32 -0500
|
|||
|
Subject: Bravo!
|
|||
|
From: "J.M. Paden" jmpaden@mnsinc.com
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
"TWDT" is most appreciated. Thanks for the response to
|
|||
|
your readers requests.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Regards,
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(You're welcome. We do aim to please. --Editor.)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Wed, 20 Nov 1996 13:41:36 -0800
|
|||
|
Subject: Link to other Linux pages
|
|||
|
From: "J. Hunter Heinlen" dracus@third-wave.com
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Greetings....
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I've gone through your title page for the Linux Gazette, and could not
|
|||
|
find a link to other Linux pages. Please put a link to page with links
|
|||
|
to other, commonly used Linux pages just below the Mirror sites link,
|
|||
|
and ask those that you give links for to provide links to you. This
|
|||
|
will make finding information much easier. Thank you for your time.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(I'm not sure which are the commonly used Linux pages you'd like to
|
|||
|
have a link for on the LG front page. I have added a link to SSC's
|
|||
|
Linux Resources page at http://www.ssc.com/linux/. Why don't you
|
|||
|
look at that page and see if it has the links you are wanting. Let
|
|||
|
me know what you think. Thanks for writing. --Editor)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Tue, 19 Nov 1996 08:59:14 -0500br Subject: LG width
|
|||
|
From: Gerr gerr@lag.cts.du.edu
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Hi there. Just a suggestion about the page (which looks ... wow ...
|
|||
|
compared to before). If you could, however, try to keep it inside of
|
|||
|
one page wide, it would be wonderful. I find myself having to use the
|
|||
|
arrows to see what's on the end of lines on the right hand side of the
|
|||
|
page.. --
|
|||
|
gerr@weaveworld
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(Thank you for writing. I didn't realize it was running over. I use
|
|||
|
a rather large window for viewing it myself. The problem seems to
|
|||
|
be a combination of the spiral and the width of the text inside the
|
|||
|
<PRE> tags. Not sure what can be done, but we'll look into it.
|
|||
|
--Editor)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ] [ FRONT PAGE ] Next
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This page written and maintained by the Editor of Linux Gazette,
|
|||
|
gazette@ssc.com
|
|||
|
Copyright © 1996 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
"Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun! "
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
MORE 2<> TIPS!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Send Linux Tips and Tricks to gazette@ssc.com
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
CONTENTS:
|
|||
|
* Boot Information Display
|
|||
|
* Console Tricks
|
|||
|
* Firewalling / Masquerading with 2.0.xx
|
|||
|
* FTP and /etc/shells
|
|||
|
* How to Truncate /var/adm/messages
|
|||
|
* HTML, Use of BODY Attributes
|
|||
|
* lowerit Shell Script
|
|||
|
* Removing Users
|
|||
|
* Root and Passwords
|
|||
|
* Talk Daemon and Dynamic Addresses
|
|||
|
* tar Tricks
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
BOOT INFORMATION DISPLAY
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Fri, 1 Nov 1996 09:58:52 -0800 (PST)
|
|||
|
From: Laurie Lynne Tucker
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
dmesg | more -- Forget (or couldn't look fast enough) at boot time?
|
|||
|
This command will display your boot information (a.k.a., the "kernel
|
|||
|
ring buffer"). For more info, see the man page.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A 2 CENT CONSOLE TRICK
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Fri, 08 Nov 1996 03:42:27 -0800
|
|||
|
From: Igor Markov imarkov@math.ucla.edu
|
|||
|
Organization: UCLA, Department of Mathematics
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Hi,
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Here's my 2c console trick:
|
|||
|
I put the following line into my ~/.xsession file:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
nxterm -ls -geometry 80x5+45+705 -rv -sb -name "System mesages" -fn 5x7
|
|||
|
-T "System messages" -e tail -f /var/log/messages &
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
and this one into my .fvwm:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Style "System messages" NoTitle, Sticky, WindowListSkip
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
When I login, I have a small 5-line (but scrollable) window near the
|
|||
|
left bottom corner (you may need to change numbers in -geometry) where
|
|||
|
system messages appear in tiny font as soon as they are produced. This
|
|||
|
lets me see when my dial-up script succeeds, when someone logs into my
|
|||
|
computer via TCP/IP, when some system error happen etc.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The .fvwm setup strips the title bar and does other useful things, but
|
|||
|
is not necessary.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Caveat: if you leave this window for long time, a cron job which trims
|
|||
|
/var/log/messages will change the inode # for the file and tail -f is
|
|||
|
bound to freeze. In 99% this cron job wakes up 2-3am, so tail freeze
|
|||
|
may freeze only overnight. Login/logout and everything will be OK. Any
|
|||
|
other ideas?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Igor
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
FIREWALLING / MASQUERADING WITH 2.0.XX
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Sat, 2 Nov 1996 10:57:30 -0500 (EST)
|
|||
|
From: Preston Brown pbrown@econ.yale.edu
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Regarding the recent message about not being able to get IP
|
|||
|
masquerading working with 2.0.xx kernels:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
First, I *believe* that IP forwarding may have to be enabled for
|
|||
|
firewall support, but I can't say for sure. Suffice to say that I have
|
|||
|
forwarding, firewalling, and masquerading all compiled into my kernel.
|
|||
|
I have a PPP link set up to the outside world, and my local ethernet
|
|||
|
subnet (192.168.2.x) is masquerades so it can talk to the outside
|
|||
|
world as well.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ipfwadm is used to set up the information (I call it from
|
|||
|
/etc/rc.d/rc.local at boot time):
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
# ip forwarding policies
|
|||
|
ipfwadm -F -p deny ; default policy is to deny
|
|||
|
; forwarding to all hosts.
|
|||
|
ipfwadm -F -a m -S 192.168.2.0/24 ; add an entry for masquerading of
|
|||
|
; my local subnet
|
|||
|
modprobe ip_masq_ftp ; load ftp support module
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
a 'ipfwadm -F -l' (i.e. list all forwarding policies) yields:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
IP firewall forward rules, default policy: deny
|
|||
|
type prot source destination ports
|
|||
|
acc/m all 192.168.2.0/24 anywhere n/a
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Indicating that all is fine. Your local subnet now should be set up to
|
|||
|
talk to the outside world just fine.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
---
|
|||
|
-Preston Brown, preston.brown@yale.edu
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
FTP AND /ETC/SHELLS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Fri, 1 Nov 1996 09:58:52 -0800 (PST)
|
|||
|
From: Laurie Lynne Tucker
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A user's shell must be included in the list at /etc/shells for ftp to
|
|||
|
work!!!!! (by default, you get only /bin/sh and /bin/bash!)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--
|
|||
|
laurie
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
HOW TO TRUNCATE /VAR/ADM/MESSAGES
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Fri, 1 Nov 1996 09:58:52 -0800 (PST)
|
|||
|
From: Alex
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In answer to the question:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
What is the proper way to close and reopen a new /var/adm/messages
|
|||
|
file from a running system?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Step one: rename the file. Syslog will still be writing in it after
|
|||
|
renaming so you don't lose messages. Step two: create a new one. After
|
|||
|
re-initializing syslogd it will be used. Step three: Make syslog use
|
|||
|
the new file. Do not restart it, just re-initialize.
|
|||
|
1. mv /var/adm/messages /var/adm/messages.prev
|
|||
|
2. touch /var/adm/messages
|
|||
|
3. kill -1 pid-of-syslogd
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This should work on a decent Unix(like) system, and I know Linux is
|
|||
|
one of them.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
HTML, USE OF BODY ATTRIBUTES
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Thu, 14 Nov 1996 12:55:15 -0500
|
|||
|
From: "Michael O'Keefe", michael.okeefe@lmc.ericsson.se
|
|||
|
Organization: Ericsson Research Canada
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
G'day,
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you are going to use any of the attributes to the tag, then you
|
|||
|
should supply all of the attributes, even if you supply just the
|
|||
|
default values.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The default tag for Netscape, Mosaic and MSIE is
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you wish to slip the BACKGROUND attribute in there, by all means
|
|||
|
continue to do so, but for completeness (and good HTML designing) you
|
|||
|
should supply the other attributes as well.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The reason? You don't know what colors the user has set, and whether
|
|||
|
just setting a BACKGROUND image, or just a few of the colors will
|
|||
|
render the page viewable or not. By supplying all of the values, even
|
|||
|
at their defaults, you ensure that everything contrasts accordingly
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--
|
|||
|
Michael O'Keefe |Michael.OKeefe@lmc.ericsson.se_
|
|||
|
Lived on and Rode a Honda CBR1000F-H |okeefe@odyssee.net / |
|
|||
|
"It can't rain all the time" |Work:+1 514 345 7900 X5030 / |
|
|||
|
- The Crow - R.I.P. Brandon |Fax :+1 514 345 7980 /_p_|
|
|||
|
My views are MINE ALONE, blah blah, |Home:+1 514 684 8674 \`O'|
|
|||
|
yackety yack - don't come back |Fax :+1 514 684 8674(PCon?)_/_\|_,
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
"LOWERIT" SHELL SCRIPT
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Fri, 1 Nov 1996 09:58:52 -0800 (PST)
|
|||
|
From: Phil Hughes, phil@ssc.com
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Here is a handy-dandy little shell script. It takes all the plain
|
|||
|
files (not directories) in the current directory and changes their
|
|||
|
names to lower case. Very handy when you unzip a bunch of MS-DOS
|
|||
|
files. If a name change would result in overwriting an existing file
|
|||
|
the script asks you before doing the overwrite.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--------------------------- cut here -----------------------------------
|
|||
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|||
|
# lowerit
|
|||
|
# convert all file names in the current directory to lower case
|
|||
|
# only operates on plain files--does not change the name of directories
|
|||
|
# will ask for verification before overwriting an existing file
|
|||
|
for x in `ls`
|
|||
|
do
|
|||
|
if [ ! -f $x ]; then
|
|||
|
continue
|
|||
|
fi
|
|||
|
lc=`echo $x | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`
|
|||
|
if [ $lc != $x ]; then
|
|||
|
mv -i $x $lc
|
|||
|
fi
|
|||
|
done
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
REMOVING USERS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: 11 Nov 1996 18:54:02 GMT
|
|||
|
From: Geoff Short, grs100@york.ac.uk
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To remove users do the following:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Simple setups:
|
|||
|
* Delete password entry for user from /etc/passwd
|
|||
|
* Remove user's files using rm -r /home/user
|
|||
|
* Reboot (if any processes still running)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
More complex setups:
|
|||
|
* http://kipper.york.ac.uk/rmuser.html
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Geoff
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
Ever sit and watch ants? They're always busy with grs100@york.ac.uk
|
|||
|
something, never stop for a moment. I just geoff@kipper.york.ac.uk
|
|||
|
can't identify with that kind of work ethic. http://kipper.york.ac.uk/~geoff
|
|||
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ROOT AND PASSWORDS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Fri, 1 Nov 1996 09:58:52 -0800 (PST)
|
|||
|
From: Steve Mann smann@ultrix.ramapo.edu
|
|||
|
Subject: Re: Root and passwords
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you have forgotten your root password:
|
|||
|
1. Use a boot disk.
|
|||
|
2. Login as root.
|
|||
|
3. Mount the partition with your Linux.
|
|||
|
4. Edit the second field, which is the encrypted password, of
|
|||
|
/etc/passwd to show nothing. It would look something like this:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
root::0:0:root,,,:/:/bin/zsh
|
|||
|
instead of something like this:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
wimpy:GoqTFXl3f:0:0:Steve:/root:/bin/zsh
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You should then be able to login as root with no password at all.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Steve
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
==================================================================
|
|||
|
/ Steve M Insignificant message goes here \
|
|||
|
| CCIS: 529-7500 x7922 \|||/ |
|
|||
|
| Home: 722-1632 0 * |
|
|||
|
| Beeper: 1-800-502-2775 or 201-909-1575 oo0 ^ 0oo |
|
|||
|
| Email: smann@ultrix.ramapo.edu ~~~~~~~~~ |
|
|||
|
| Ramapo College Apartments (Cypress Q): 934-9357
|
|||
|
\ This line left blank for no reason /
|
|||
|
=================================================================
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
TALK DAEMON AND DYNAMIC ADDRESSES
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: 11 Nov 1996 16:33:02 GMT
|
|||
|
From: Adam Jenkins, ajenkins@kalgoorlie.cs.umass.edu
|
|||
|
Organization: CMPSCI Department, UMass Amherst
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Having problems sending a talk request to an IP-address other than
|
|||
|
your own?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The solution is to reset your host name to your new dynamic address.
|
|||
|
You need to figure out what dynamic address you've been assigned. Then
|
|||
|
you can use the "host" command to find the symbolic name for it, and
|
|||
|
then use the "hostname" command to reset your machine's hostname. Like
|
|||
|
this:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
host 128.119.220.0a
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Prints out a name. Use it in:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
hostname name.domain.edu
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
That's it. You need to be root to run the "hostname" command with an
|
|||
|
argument. If you're using pppd to get your connection, you can put all
|
|||
|
of this into your /etc/ppp/ip-up script -- read the pppd man page for
|
|||
|
more info -- so that it will get done automatically when you log in.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The reason you need to do this is because when talk sends a talk
|
|||
|
request, it also sends along what it thinks is the return address so
|
|||
|
that the remote talk can respond. So if your local machine has a fake
|
|||
|
address, the remote talk will get that as the return address and
|
|||
|
you'll never see the response.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I also saw a patched version of talk on sunsite somewhere, where he
|
|||
|
made some hack to talk to get it to find your real address. But I like
|
|||
|
the "hostname" solution better because I've found at least one other
|
|||
|
program with the same problem, and the "hostname" solution fixes it
|
|||
|
too.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
TAR TRICKS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 1996 15:01:58 +0000
|
|||
|
From: Dominic Binks dominic.binks@aethos.co.uk
|
|||
|
Organization: AEthos Communication Systems Ltd.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A couple of things that interested me about the article on tar. I'm
|
|||
|
sure that the idea is to introduce pipes, and some of the lesser known
|
|||
|
unix utilities (tr, cut), but
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
tar -tfvz file.tar.gz | tr -s ' ' | cut -d ' ' -f8 | less
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
can be written more concisely
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
tar tfz file.tar.gz | less
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Also you can use wild cards so
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
tar tfz file.tar.gz *README*
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
will list all readmes in the file.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Finally two last pieces of useful Unix magic.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
tar cfv - dir
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
will tar the directory dir and send the output to standard output. One
|
|||
|
piece of magic liked by Unix gurus is
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
tar cfv - dir | (cd dir2; tar xf -)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
which copies one directory hierarchy to another location.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Another piece of tar that might be really useful is that taring up a
|
|||
|
dos file system and moving it somewhere else will preserve
|
|||
|
*everything*. This means you can move your main DOS partition around,
|
|||
|
something that is very difficult to do with DOS.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
One final tip for all UNIX newbies: you got a file which unix will not
|
|||
|
allow you to delete.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
rm -- 'file'
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
will get rid of it. In general -- terminates argument processing so
|
|||
|
that everything following is passed directly to the executable.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Have fun
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Dominic Binks
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ] [ FRONT PAGE ] Back Next
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This page maintained by the Editor of Linux Gazette, gazette@ssc.com
|
|||
|
Copyright © 1996 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
"Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun!"
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
News Bytes
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
CONTENTS:
|
|||
|
* News in General
|
|||
|
* Software Announcements
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
NEWS IN GENERAL
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
AUTHORS WANTED FOR LINUX JOURNAL
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Are you interested in Perl, the Internet or Linux? Would you love to
|
|||
|
see your name in print?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Well, then today is your day! Linux Journal is seeking authors for our
|
|||
|
upcoming issues. We are particularly interested in authors willing to
|
|||
|
write about Perl, the Web and Linux. We have some general topics we
|
|||
|
are soliciting articles for listed on our web site at
|
|||
|
http://www.linuxjournal.com/wanted.html. Please don't let these
|
|||
|
ideas limit you - if you have a great article idea we'd love to hear
|
|||
|
about it.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For additional information:
|
|||
|
Gary Moore, Editor Linux Journal, ljeditor@ssc.com
|
|||
|
http://www.ssc.com/LJ/
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Debian Linux
|
|||
|
SSC is also looking for an author to write a chapter on the
|
|||
|
installation of Debian Linux for the book Linux Installation and
|
|||
|
Getting Started by Matt Welsh. If you are interested, please send
|
|||
|
e-mail to ligs@ssc.com.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
CEASE FIRE!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Wed 13 Nov 1996
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Bill Machrone, vice president of technology for Ziff-Davis Publishing
|
|||
|
Co, recently wrote in an article about Linux that Netscape 3.0 and
|
|||
|
Java were not yet available for Linux. He was wrong. Such things
|
|||
|
happen. Big deal. Even magazines of the highest quality sometimes
|
|||
|
print things that are wrong. You tell them about it, and they print a
|
|||
|
correction in the next issue. That's the way professionals handle
|
|||
|
things.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
That's not what some Linux people did, however. Instead, they flamed
|
|||
|
him, in private and in public. That's stupid. They urged others to
|
|||
|
also send flames to Machrone, which is worse.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Things wouldn't be so bad, but now we have the Internet. The Internet
|
|||
|
allows just a few idiots completely ruin the reputation of Linux.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Please, if you want to advocate Linux, be civil.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Lars Wirzenius, Moderator, comp.os.linux.announce
|
|||
|
Bruce Perens, Project Leader, Debian GNU/Linux Distribution
|
|||
|
Alan Cox, Linux Networking Project, Linux International Technical
|
|||
|
Board
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LINUX IN THE NEWS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For the latest article about Linux by Bill Machrone, see the November
|
|||
|
11 issue of PC Week, "Up Periscope". This is a good article in which
|
|||
|
he requests feedback from Linux users.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
"The Linux Software Map" Unix Review, January, 1997, discusses the
|
|||
|
need for Linux documentation and the Linux Software Map (LSM).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
From Martin Michlmayr of Linux International we learn:
|
|||
|
According to a survey among a partial readership of iX, a German
|
|||
|
magazine devoted to Unix and networking, Linux is used at work by 45%
|
|||
|
of the readers. Solaris 1 and 2 taken together come second with 36%,
|
|||
|
followed by HP-UX with 27%. 56% of companies with less than 50
|
|||
|
employees use Linux whereas it is used by 38% of firms with more than
|
|||
|
1,000 employees. In addition, 60% of the readers use Linux on their
|
|||
|
computers at home. Linux International, bod@li.org
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LINUX APPLICATIONS AND UTILITIES LIST
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: 30 Oct 1996
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The October 22, 1996 edition of the
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
***** LINUX APPLICATION AND UTILITIES LIST *****
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
is now available at it's home site and mirrors.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The "Linux Applications and Utilities List" is an organized collection
|
|||
|
of pointers to the WWW home pages of almost 600 different Linux
|
|||
|
compatible application programs, system administration tools,
|
|||
|
utilities, device drivers, games, servers, programming tools, file,
|
|||
|
disk and desktop managers, Internet applications, and more.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The "Linux Applications and Utilities List" and mirrors can be found
|
|||
|
at:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Home Site U.S.A. (IL):
|
|||
|
URL:http://www.xnet.com/~blatura/linapps.shtml
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Bill Latura blatura@xnet.com
|
|||
|
Runtime Systems
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
MAN PAGES TO HTML
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Marc Perkel, marc@ctyme.com, of Computer Tyme Software Lab,
|
|||
|
http://www.ctype.com/, has written a program to convert Man pages to
|
|||
|
HTML. Check out this web site with fully indexed man pages:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
http://www.ctyme.com/linuxdoc.htm
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This is a popular idea. There is an article coming out in the February
|
|||
|
issue of Linux Journal by Michael Hamilton, another guy who did this
|
|||
|
very same type of conversion. Michael's program is called vh-man2html
|
|||
|
and can be seen at http://www.caldera.com/cgi-bin/man2html. And he
|
|||
|
tells us of yet another page,
|
|||
|
http://wsinwp01.win.tue.nl:1234/maninfo.html, where converters can
|
|||
|
be found.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
MISSION CRITICAL LINUX PROJECT
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The "Mission Critical Linux Project" was created to document
|
|||
|
successful existing Linux systems which have a large load and 24 hour
|
|||
|
a day use. The survey will last until February 1, 1997.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you could access our web site, please visit one of following:
|
|||
|
* Japan
|
|||
|
* United States
|
|||
|
* Italy
|
|||
|
* The Netherlands
|
|||
|
* United States
|
|||
|
* Romania
|
|||
|
* Japan
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You can also see brief summary of answers.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For additional information:
|
|||
|
Motoharu Kubo, mkubo@st.rim.or.jp
|
|||
|
http://www.st.rim.or.jp/~mkubo/ (English page under construction)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
NEW LINUX RESOURCE SITES
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A couple of new Linux Resources sites:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Russ Spooner, russl@rmplc.co.uk
|
|||
|
http://www.pssltd.co.uk/kontagx/linux/index.html
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Joe Hohertz, support@golden.net
|
|||
|
http://www.golden.net/~jhohertz
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
SLOVENIAN HOWTO 1.0
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Thu, 07 Nov 1996
|
|||
|
The first ever version of Slovenian HOWTO is released. The document
|
|||
|
addresses Linux localization issues specific to Slovenian users and is
|
|||
|
written in Slovene.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
It can be accessed either on its "locus classicus":
|
|||
|
http://sizif.mf.uni-lj.si/linux/cee/Slovenian-HOWTO.html
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
or the official Linux Documentation Project Site:
|
|||
|
http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Slovenian-HOWTO.html
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
or any of the numerous mirrors of the latter.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For additional information:
|
|||
|
Primoz Peterlin, peterlin@biofiz.mf.uni-lj.si
|
|||
|
Institut za biofiziko MF, Lipiceva 2, SLO-1105 Ljubljana, Slovenija,
|
|||
|
http://sizif.mf.uni-lj.si/~peterlin/
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
SOFTWARE ANNOUNCEMENTS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
AMIGA DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Mon, 18 Nov 1996
|
|||
|
Tempe, Arizona - Cronus has announced the release of the long awaited
|
|||
|
Geek Gadgets CD-ROM. Geek Gadgets contains the Amiga Developers
|
|||
|
Environment (ADE) which is a project conceived and managed by Cronus
|
|||
|
to produce and support Amiga ports of dozens of the most popular
|
|||
|
development tools and utilities from the Free Software Foundation, BSD
|
|||
|
and other sources. This CD contains all the tools necessary to get
|
|||
|
started programming on the Amiga including advanced C, C++, Fortran
|
|||
|
and ADA compilers, assembler, linker, EMACS editor, "make", source
|
|||
|
code control systems (rcs&cvs), text and file utilities, GNU debugger,
|
|||
|
text formatters (groff & TEX) and more. Geek Gadgets is the perfect
|
|||
|
companion to the AT Developers CD which contains documentation and
|
|||
|
utilities but no development tools. Released quarterly, Geek Gadgets
|
|||
|
provides a quick and cost effective way to obtain the latest ADE for
|
|||
|
those with slow and/or expensive Internet connections. As a bonus, all
|
|||
|
the tools can be run directly from the CD-ROM without the need to
|
|||
|
install any files on your hard drive.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Available from your local Amiga dealer or directly from Cronus. SRP $
|
|||
|
24.95
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For additional information:
|
|||
|
Michelle Fish, mic@ninemoons.com
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
OBJECTIVE-C 4.3.4 FOR LINUX
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: 30 Oct 1996
|
|||
|
Release "4.3.4" of the Stepstone Objective C compiler is now available
|
|||
|
from System Essentials Limited for Linux versions 1.2.13 and higher.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
See: http://www.nai.net/~lerman
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Both Linux and OSF/1 Objective C 4.3.4 releases include:
|
|||
|
* compiler-chain driver script (objcc)
|
|||
|
* executable of the Objective C compiler (objcc.exe)
|
|||
|
* source of the original Objective C runtime library
|
|||
|
* sources of the ICpak101 Objective C foundation classes
|
|||
|
* man pages for both objcc and objcc.exe
|
|||
|
* tutorial program
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For additional information:
|
|||
|
Kenneth Lerman, Kenneth.Lerman@lerman.nai.net
|
|||
|
Systems Essentials Limited
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
C++ MATRIX MATH LIBRARY
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Sun, 03 Nov 1996
|
|||
|
MathTools Ltd. is pleased to announce MAT<LIB>, a Matlab Compatible
|
|||
|
C++ Matrix Class Library, designed for development of advanced
|
|||
|
scientific high-level C++ code. Evaluation version of the MAT<LIB> can
|
|||
|
be downloaded from our home page, http://www.mathtools.com.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The library includes over 300 mathematical functions covering Complex
|
|||
|
math, Binary and unary operators, Powerful indexing capabilities,
|
|||
|
Signal processing, File I/O, Linear algebra, String operations and
|
|||
|
Graphics.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For additional information:
|
|||
|
MathTools Ltd., http://www.mathtools.com
|
|||
|
info@mathtools.com
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
FIDOGATE 4.1.1 - FIDO-INTERNET GATEWAY
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 1996 04:30:07 GMT FIDOGATE 4.1.1, an update to
|
|||
|
version 4 of the FIDOGATE package is available.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
FIDOGATE Version 4
|
|||
|
-----------------------
|
|||
|
* Fido-Internet Gateway
|
|||
|
* Fido FTN-FTN Gateway
|
|||
|
* Fido Mail Processor
|
|||
|
* Fido File Processor
|
|||
|
* Fido Areafix/Filefix
|
|||
|
-----------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Internet:
|
|||
|
- ---------
|
|||
|
http://www.fido.de/fidogate/
|
|||
|
ftp://ftp.fido.de/pub/fidogate/
|
|||
|
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Fido/
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
fidogate-4.1.1.tar.gz 657 Kbyte
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For additional information:
|
|||
|
Martin Junius, mj@fido.de
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
FXVOLUME 0.1, A SIMPLE XFORMS VOLUME CONTROL.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 1996
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Fxvolume is a simple, no frills volume control designed to sit at the
|
|||
|
side of your screen and not get in the way. You simply run it, and
|
|||
|
then ignore it until you need to use it.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
It controls the level of the master sound device under Linux, using a
|
|||
|
slider created from the Xforms library.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
http://www.ee.mu.oz.au/staff/pbd/linux/fxvolume/
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Use at your own risk - it has not been widely tested, but seems to
|
|||
|
work well enough... ;)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For additional information:
|
|||
|
Paul Dwerryhouse, paul@mura.its.unimelb.edu.au
|
|||
|
University of Melbourne, Australia
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
THE JAZZ MIDI SEQUENCER VERSION 2.6
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Tue, 05 Nov 1996
|
|||
|
Announce: The free JAZZ midi sequencer version 2.6
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
JAZZ is a full size midi sequencer allowing record/play and many edit
|
|||
|
functions as quantize, copy, transpose ..., multiple undo; two main
|
|||
|
windows operating on whole tracks and single events; graphic pitch
|
|||
|
editing, GS sound editing functions and much more ...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
JAZZ is copyright (C) by Andreas Voss and Per Sigmond, and is
|
|||
|
distributed under the terms of the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (Gnu
|
|||
|
GPL).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Web site: http://rokke.grm.hia.no/per/jazz.html
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Linux binary distribution:
|
|||
|
ftp://rokke.grm.hia.no/pub/midi/jazz/linux-bin/
|
|||
|
Files: jazz-bin-v26b-xview.tar.gz, jazz-help-v26b-xview.tar.gz
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Source code distribution: ftp://rokke.grm.hia.no/pub/midi/jazz/
|
|||
|
File: jazz-src-v26b.tar.gz
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For additional information:
|
|||
|
Andreas Voss. andreas@avix.rhein-neckar.de
|
|||
|
Per Sigmond, Per.Sigmond@hia.no
|
|||
|
Ericsson AS, ETO, etopesi@eto.ericsson.se
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
UTIL-LINUX 2.6
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 1996 util-linux-2.6.tar.gz (source only
|
|||
|
distribution)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Util-linux is a suite of essential utilities for any Linux system.
|
|||
|
It's primary audience is system integrators (like the people at Red
|
|||
|
Hat) and DIY Linux hackers. The rest of you will get a digested
|
|||
|
version of util-linux installed with no risk to your sanity.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Util-linux is attempting to be portable, but the only platform it has
|
|||
|
been tested much on is Linux/Intel. There have however been integrated
|
|||
|
several patches for Arm, m68k, and Alpha linux versions. The present
|
|||
|
version is known to compile on at least Linux 1.2/libc 4.7.5 and Linux
|
|||
|
2.0.22/Libc 5.3.12 (the Linux versions I run :-). People are
|
|||
|
encouraged to make _nice_ patches to util-linux and submit them to
|
|||
|
util-linux@math.uio.no.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Util-Linux 2.6 is immediately available from
|
|||
|
ftp.math.uio.no:/pub/linux/util-linux-2.6
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
NOTE: Before installing util-linux. READ the README or risk nuking
|
|||
|
your system. Thank you.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For additional information:
|
|||
|
Nicolai Langfeldt, janl@ifi.uio.no
|
|||
|
The popular front against MWM
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LYX-0.10.7 - LYX IS A WYSIWYG
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: 30 Oct 1996
|
|||
|
LyX-0.10.7 has been uploaded to sunsite. It is also available from
|
|||
|
ftp://ftp.via.ecp.fr/pub/lyx and from my home page:
|
|||
|
http://www.lehigh.edu/~dlj0/LyriX.html
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LyX is a WYSIWYG front-end to LaTeX. It is used much like a
|
|||
|
word-processor, but LaTeX produces the final document. Figures,
|
|||
|
tables, mathematical formulas, fonts, headers, etc., are all drawn
|
|||
|
on-screen essentially as they appear on the final document. Figures
|
|||
|
(postscript) are placed in the document using a simple menu, as are
|
|||
|
tables. General text formatting is accomplished by high-level menu
|
|||
|
choices that automatically set fonts, indentation, spacing, etc.,
|
|||
|
according to general LaTeX rules, and display (essentially) these
|
|||
|
settings on the screen.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
None of the power of LaTeX is lost, since you can embed any LaTeX
|
|||
|
command within a LyX document.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Primary-site: sunsite.unc.edu /pub/Linux/apps/editors
|
|||
|
501577 lyx-0.10.7-ELF-bin.tar.gz (binary release)
|
|||
|
612839 lyx-0.10.7.tar.gz (original source)
|
|||
|
Copying-policy: GPL
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For additional information:
|
|||
|
David L. Johnson, dlj0@lehigh.edu
|
|||
|
Lehigh University, http://www.lehigh.edu/~dlj0/dlj0.html
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
MPEGTV PLAYER
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Tue, 05 Nov 1996
|
|||
|
Announcing a new release of MpegTV, the real-time software MPEG Player
|
|||
|
for Linux (x86 ELF) and FreeBSD.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A free version of the MpegTV player can be downloaded from the MpegTV
|
|||
|
web site at:
|
|||
|
http://www.mpegtv.com/
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Main features:
|
|||
|
* Nice GUI with slide-bars and buttons (implemented with Xforms).
|
|||
|
* Plays MPEG-1 SIF bitstreams (352x240 pels) at 30 frames/sec on a
|
|||
|
P-200.
|
|||
|
* When the CPU resources are not sufficient, player skips some
|
|||
|
frames to achieve graceful degradation.
|
|||
|
* Can be installed as a Web Browser helper application to play MPEG.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For additional information:
|
|||
|
Tristan Savatier, tristan@mpeg.org
|
|||
|
http://www.mpeg.org
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
SPELLCASTER ISDN4LINUX ISDN DRIVER BETA
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 1996
|
|||
|
This message is to announce the public Beta release of the ISDN4Linux
|
|||
|
driver for SpellCaster ISA ISDN adapters. This beta program is open to
|
|||
|
anyone who prefers the bleeding edge and just can't wait for MP
|
|||
|
support. The beta driver currently supports the SpellCaster
|
|||
|
DataCommute/BRI and TeleCommute/BRI adapters and will also include
|
|||
|
support for the DataCommute/PRI adapter before the end of the Beta
|
|||
|
program.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You can download the beta driver from:
|
|||
|
ftp://ftp.spellcast.com/pub/drivers/isdn4linux
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You require kernel revision. 2.0. You will also need the isdn4k-utils
|
|||
|
package also available the above mentioned FTP site or ftp.franken.de
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For additional information:
|
|||
|
Erik Petersen, erik@spellcast.com
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF THE SECOND BETA OF STAROFFICE 3.1 FOR LINUX
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: 30 Oct 1996
|
|||
|
Star Division announces the public availability of the second beta
|
|||
|
version of its office productivity suite, StarOffice 3.1, for
|
|||
|
Linux/x86.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
StarOffice 3.1 consists of:
|
|||
|
* StarWriter 3.1 -- word processor
|
|||
|
* StarCalc 3.1 -- spreadsheet
|
|||
|
* StarDraw 3.1 -- drawing and presentation tool
|
|||
|
* StarImage 3.1 -- image manipulation
|
|||
|
* StarChart 3.1 -- bar-, pie- and other charts
|
|||
|
* StarMath 3.1 -- graphical formula editor
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You will need an ELF system, X11R6 and Motif 2.0 libraries.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This beta version expires at January, 1st, 1997. We will make newer
|
|||
|
beta versions available by then. The final version will be free of
|
|||
|
charge for private use. The price for commercial use is not yet
|
|||
|
decided.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
StarOffice 3.1 can be downloaded from the directory:
|
|||
|
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/staroffice
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For additional information:
|
|||
|
Star Division GmbH, http://www.stardivision.de/
|
|||
|
Matthias Kalle Dalheimer, mda@stardivision.de
|
|||
|
Marc Sewtz, mse@stardivision.de
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
WGET, A WEB MIRRORING TOOL
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 1996
|
|||
|
Wget 1.4.0 [formerly known as Geturl] is an extensive rewrite of
|
|||
|
Geturl. Wget should now be easier to debug, maintain and most
|
|||
|
importantly, use.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Wget is a freely available network utility to download files from the
|
|||
|
World Wide Web using HTTP and FTP. It works non-interactively, thus
|
|||
|
enabling work in the background, after having logged off.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Wget works under almost all modern Unix variants and, unlike many
|
|||
|
other similar utilities, is written entirely in C, thus requiring no
|
|||
|
additional software (like Perl). As Wget uses the GNU Autoconf, it is
|
|||
|
easily built on and ported to other Unix's. Installation procedure is
|
|||
|
described in the INSTALL file.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You can get the latest version of wget at:
|
|||
|
ftp://gnjilux.cc.fer.hr/pub/unix/util/wget/wget.tar.gz
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For additional information:
|
|||
|
Hrvoje Niksic, hniksic@srce.hr
|
|||
|
SRCE Zagreb, Croatia
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
WOVEN GOODS FOR LINUX VERSION 1.0
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Tue, 05 Nov 1996
|
|||
|
Woven Goods for LINUX Version 1.0
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Version 1.0 of Woven Goods for LINUX is a collection of World-Wide Web
|
|||
|
(WWW) Applications and Hypertext-based Information about LINUX. It is
|
|||
|
ready configured for the Slackware Distribution and currently tested
|
|||
|
with Version 3.1 (ELF). The Power Linux LST Distribution contains this
|
|||
|
collection as an integral part with some changes.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The five Parts of Woven Goods for LINUX are:
|
|||
|
* Part 1 -- World-wide Web Browser from Netscape for X11 and Lynx
|
|||
|
for ASCII terminals.
|
|||
|
* Part 2 -- LINUX Documents
|
|||
|
* Part 3 -- Apache World-wide Web Server and documentation, Glimpse
|
|||
|
Search Engine and more.
|
|||
|
* Part 4 -- Hypertext Markup Language Editor asWedit
|
|||
|
* Part 5 -- External Viewers
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Woven Goods for LINUX is available via anonymous FTP from:
|
|||
|
ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/Linux/woven
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The HTML Pages of Woven Goods for LINUX are snap shots of the LINUX
|
|||
|
Pages at FOKUS - Research Institute of Open Communication Systems and
|
|||
|
are available from: http://www.fokus.gmd.de/linux For additional
|
|||
|
information:
|
|||
|
Lutz Henckel, lutz.henckel@fokus.gmd.de
|
|||
|
GMD FOKUS, http://www.fokus.gmd.de/usr/hel/
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
XLDLAS V0.30 NOW AVAILABLE
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: 30 Oct 1996
|
|||
|
Announcing xldlas v0.40 in sunsite's incoming directory:
|
|||
|
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/incoming/xldlas-0.40-srcbin.tgz
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Soon to be moved to:
|
|||
|
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/math/xldlas-0.40-srcbin.tgz
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
xldlas is for doing statistics.
|
|||
|
* Based on the xforms library (i.e. looks pretty slick)
|
|||
|
* Point and click interface to statistical summaries, OLS
|
|||
|
regression, plotting, correlation analysis, etc.
|
|||
|
* Experimental curve fitting routine that uses genetic algorithms
|
|||
|
with some nice visual feedback.
|
|||
|
* Very handy automatic generating of .tex format log files,
|
|||
|
including tables and plots.
|
|||
|
* Online help
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For additional information:
|
|||
|
Thor Sigvaldason, thor@netcom.ca
|
|||
|
http://www.a42.com/~thor/xldlas/
|
|||
|
http://sunsite.math.klte.hu/mirrors/xldlas/
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ] [ FRONT PAGE ] Back Next
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This page written and maintained by the Editor of Linux Gazette,
|
|||
|
gazette@ssc.com
|
|||
|
Copyright © 1996 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
"Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun! "
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
THE ADVENTURE OF UPGRADING TO REDHAT 4.0
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(WITH ADVICE FOR OTHERS)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
By Randy Appleton, randy@EUCLID.ACS.nmu.edu
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Here at Northern Michigan University, we run a Linux lab with 14
|
|||
|
workstations. Upgrading from Redhat 3.0 to Redhat 4.0 has been quite
|
|||
|
an adventure. This article describes the upgrading of one workstation.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
TIME
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The first thing to do when upgrading is to free up a significant block
|
|||
|
of time. We used a day and a night to upgrade one machine. That
|
|||
|
included downloading the software, making floppy disks, and fixing our
|
|||
|
errors along the way. In fact, if you're a busy person, and Redhat 3.0
|
|||
|
is working fine for you, then you might choose to delay the upgrade,
|
|||
|
or even avoid it. However, at the Linux Lab at Northern Michigan, we
|
|||
|
try and stay near the cutting edge, so the upgrade was a must for us.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
METHOD
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The next step is to decide your upgrade method. The choices are the
|
|||
|
same ones from Redhat 3.0:
|
|||
|
* Upgrade from an NFS mounted directory of files.
|
|||
|
* Upgrade from a CD-ROM disk.
|
|||
|
* Upgrade from a spare partition containing the needed files.
|
|||
|
* Upgrade directly from an FTP site.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The quickest and easiest way is to use the CD-ROM drive. This is the
|
|||
|
only way if you don't have a direct Internet connection, since you
|
|||
|
cannot download the necessary amount of data through a modem in any
|
|||
|
reasonable amount of time Since our workstations don't have CD-ROM
|
|||
|
drives, and do have an excellent Internet connection, we chose to do
|
|||
|
an FTP install.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
DOWNLOAD BOOT DISKS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Before an FTP install can begin, two disks named boot.img and supp.img
|
|||
|
must be downloaded from
|
|||
|
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/current/i386/images/ . They can be
|
|||
|
written to the floppy disks with the commands
|
|||
|
dd if=boot.img of=/dev/fd0 (switch disks)
|
|||
|
dd if=supp.img of=/dev/fd0
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The second disk is only needed for an FTP install. Redhat 3.0 required
|
|||
|
three disks for all install types, so this change makes a significant
|
|||
|
savings in user effort. However, we had used the Redhat 3.0 disks as
|
|||
|
emergency boot disks to correct problems like forgetting the root
|
|||
|
password (yes, this does happen). The Redhat 4.0 boot disks are
|
|||
|
missing several important utilities (i.e. tar and vi) so cannot be
|
|||
|
used for this purpose.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Also, notice that these two disks work for any supported hardware
|
|||
|
configuration. The older Redhat 3.0 required that the user search
|
|||
|
through a list of boot disks for the correct choice based on his
|
|||
|
hardware. This search often took more time than the download itself.
|
|||
|
Redhat 4.0 is much improved in this regard (our favorite new feature).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
BOOTUP AND HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The first thing you'll see after inserting the boot.img disk and
|
|||
|
rebooting the computer is a LILO prompt. Just the words:
|
|||
|
boot:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
We would have liked more explanation of our choices here. Redhat 3.0
|
|||
|
offered a very nice menu of help text that explained the possible
|
|||
|
parameters and their effects. However, if you just wait in a perplexed
|
|||
|
fashion long enough, the system will become impatient and boot Linux
|
|||
|
for you.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The first difference you'll notice is that Redhat 4.0 prompts you to
|
|||
|
describe your hardware. It asks about SCSI controllers and network
|
|||
|
adapters, showing you a list of possible choices. Behind the scenes
|
|||
|
the Redhat 4.0 install script loads kernel modules to access your
|
|||
|
hardware.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
While this is happening is a good time to switch to virtual console #3
|
|||
|
(press <ALT>F3). This console shows what's happening in more technical
|
|||
|
detail, describing things like the mounting and unmounting of file
|
|||
|
systems, and the downloading of files. The older Redhat 3.0 did not
|
|||
|
have this feature, which we often use to debug problems. You can
|
|||
|
switch back to the main action by pressing <ALT>F1.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The install scripts also query the user for network information. You
|
|||
|
should know your IP number, netmask, gateway, hostname, domain name,
|
|||
|
and name server before starting the install. We notice that Redhat 4.0
|
|||
|
creates a default gateway and name server entry based upon your IP
|
|||
|
number and netmask, but that these defaults are rarely right. Better
|
|||
|
in our opinion would be to have no default at all than a misleading
|
|||
|
one.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
CHOOSING YOUR SOFTWARE
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Redhat 4.0 will show you a menu of possible software upgrades and
|
|||
|
additions. This list is essentially the same as Redhat 3.0, except
|
|||
|
that most packages have increased in version number.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The biggest problem we had involved the remote login software (rlogin,
|
|||
|
in.rlogind, in.rshd and in.telnetd). These have been upgraded to use
|
|||
|
the P.A.M. library and kerberos. However, we often login into our
|
|||
|
Linux workstations from older Sun Sparcs that do not run this software
|
|||
|
suite. For some unexplained reason, the SunOS clients could not access
|
|||
|
the Linux servers. We solved the problem by simply re-installing the
|
|||
|
older software.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In general, we suggest letting Redhat upgrade everything you might
|
|||
|
ever use. You should avoid downloading any software you are sure you
|
|||
|
will not need. Avoiding unneeded software will decreases the total
|
|||
|
time needed and the probability of network errors during the download.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
THE LONG LONG DOWNLOAD
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Step one of the download process is to pick an FTP site. There are
|
|||
|
many listed here. We started by choosing a site with a fast 'ping
|
|||
|
time' from us, since ping time is a reasonable approximation of
|
|||
|
FTP throughput and is quite quick to gather. To find out the ping tome
|
|||
|
to a site like www.redhat.com, just type:
|
|||
|
ping www.redhat.com
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
After ping runs for several packets, kill it with <CNTL>C. The average
|
|||
|
ping time will be shown at the bottom. We saw ping times from 80 - 300
|
|||
|
milliseconds. Downloads are four times faster from the best site
|
|||
|
compared to the worst. It is well worth your time to explore sing ping
|
|||
|
before picking a site at random. The fastest was the aptly named
|
|||
|
ftp://ftp.real-time.com/pub/redhat . Unfortunately, they were not
|
|||
|
accepting FTP connections, so we used
|
|||
|
ftp://uicarhive.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/systems/linux/distributions/redhat
|
|||
|
. We could FTP to that site, but the download failed. It seems that
|
|||
|
the download scripts also want to know the version and architecture of
|
|||
|
the packages you are trying to download. Therefore, the correct URL is
|
|||
|
ftp://uicarhive.cso.uiuc.edu/pub/systems/linux/distributions/redhat/cu
|
|||
|
rrent/i386. That was not obvious from the directions. We suggest that
|
|||
|
the Redhat folks either change their script to add these
|
|||
|
subdirectories or make their directions more clear.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For us, upgrading required downloading over 300 megabytes. I must say
|
|||
|
the status screen during the download is quite nice. The biggest
|
|||
|
problem with it is that it does not show the progress of downloading
|
|||
|
each package. Since the download was so long, we left it running
|
|||
|
overnight. Unfortunately, it failed on the download of LILO. The
|
|||
|
download script then waited for us to press a key acknowledging the
|
|||
|
error, which meant it stopped downloading some time during the night.
|
|||
|
Better would be to continue downloading while informing the user of
|
|||
|
this error.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Once the download is finished, and you answer a few simple questions,
|
|||
|
you get to reboot your computer into Redhat 4.0 (yea!!).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
THE UPGRADED SYSTEM
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The first thing we noticed is that the kernel has been upgraded to
|
|||
|
Linux 2.0.19. Some problems we had before, like our tape drive not
|
|||
|
working, were fixed with this upgrade. Also, our Adaptec 2740 SCSI
|
|||
|
controller was accessible for the first time. Java support is included
|
|||
|
in the upgraded kernel.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
We discovered the auto-mounter daemon (amd) was running, and had
|
|||
|
created a directory named /proc. Inside /proc is every computer
|
|||
|
mountable by your workstation. For example, /proc/foo is the root
|
|||
|
directory of the host foo, assuming foo will allow outside access.
|
|||
|
Nice feature!!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The ps command has been changed. Formerly, we used 'ps -augx' to see
|
|||
|
all processes on our system. That command will no longer work. The new
|
|||
|
equivalent is 'ps -ax'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The passwd command has been changed. In fact, my former password is
|
|||
|
now considered ill advised, and I've had to pick a new password.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The window manager fvwm95 has been included in the upgraded Redhat.
|
|||
|
Surprisingly, workman, the musical CD player, was not. See
|
|||
|
http://www.redhat.com/linux-info/pkglist/rh40_i386/all-packages.html
|
|||
|
for the complete list.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Happily, the Redhat 4.0 upgrade left much of our custom configuration
|
|||
|
intact. For example, we run a custom X server that Redhat left in
|
|||
|
place, and our NFS mounts as described in /etc/fstab were retained,
|
|||
|
even though the upgrade did change /etc/fstab to add other entries
|
|||
|
(like the /net file system). We did have to re-edit /etc/rc.d/rc.local
|
|||
|
to set our NIS domain.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
THE ERRATA AND OTHER UPGRADES
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The errata can be found at
|
|||
|
http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/rhl/rh40-errata-general.html . It
|
|||
|
is actually quite long. Basically, the errata is a list of package
|
|||
|
upgrades to Redhat 4.0, along with a description of applicability. We
|
|||
|
counted up to 40 packages to download and install, depending on your
|
|||
|
configuration. That just too many!! Why does not Redhat make these
|
|||
|
improved packages a part of the latest redhat release, possibly called
|
|||
|
Redhat 4.0.1?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Luckily, the process is quite mechanical, and requires little thought.
|
|||
|
Just download the needed files, and run rpm -U on them.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Netscape has upgraded since we did our original install.
|
|||
|
Unfortunately, Redhat does not include Netscape, so Netscape must be
|
|||
|
updated separately. Perhaps there are legal reasons Redhat does not
|
|||
|
include Netscape, but Redhat does include other non-free software,
|
|||
|
such as xv.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
During the upgrade, the install scripts creates backup copies of
|
|||
|
certain files in /etc/rc.d/rc*.d with the extension ".rpmsave". Once
|
|||
|
everything is set up correctly, you can delete any files in
|
|||
|
/etc/rc.d/rc*.d/*.rpmsave.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
THE FINISHED PRODUCT
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Overall, the Redhat package is well done. The installation is easier
|
|||
|
for Redhat than any other Unix we know of. Redhat 4.0 is a collection
|
|||
|
of small upgrades of many packages from Redhat 3.0. There are only a
|
|||
|
few new packages (i.e.: fvwm95, TheNextLevel). Overall, our system is
|
|||
|
much as it was before, but with many small improvements. Unless you
|
|||
|
have some need to upgrade, or just feel like messing around with your
|
|||
|
system, we suggest the results may not be worth the effort. Even so,
|
|||
|
we like Redhat 4.0 very much.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
HOT LINKS
|
|||
|
* The Redhat home page
|
|||
|
* The author
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you have comments or suggestions, email me at randy@euclid.nmu.edu
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Copyright © 1996, Randy Appleton
|
|||
|
Published in Issue 12 of the Linux Gazette
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ] [ FRONT PAGE ] Back Next
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
"Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun! "
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Features of the TCSH Shell
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
By Jesper Kj<4B>r Pedersen, blackie@imada.ou.dk
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Abstract
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In this article, I will describe some of the main features of TCSH,
|
|||
|
which I believe makes it worth using as the primary login shell.
|
|||
|
This article is not meant to persuade bash users to change! I've
|
|||
|
never used bash, and by that reason I know very little about it.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
As some of you surely know, I've created a configuration tool called
|
|||
|
The Dotfile Generator, which can configure TCSH. I believe that this
|
|||
|
tool is very handy when one wants to get the most out of TCSH
|
|||
|
(without reading the manual page a couple of times.) Because of that
|
|||
|
I'll refer to this tool several times throughout this article to
|
|||
|
show how it can be used to set up TCSH.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Why is the shell so important?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The shell is your interface to executing program, managing files and
|
|||
|
directories etc. Though very few people are aware of it, one uses the
|
|||
|
shell very much in the daily work. E.g. completing file names, using
|
|||
|
history substitution and aliases. The TCSH shell offers all of these
|
|||
|
features and a few more, which the average user very seldom takes
|
|||
|
advantages of.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
With a high knowledge of your shell's power, you may decrease the time
|
|||
|
you need to spend in the shell, and increase the time spent on the
|
|||
|
original tasks
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Command line completions
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
An important feature that is used by almost all users of a shell is
|
|||
|
the command line completion. With this feature you don't need to type
|
|||
|
all the letters of a filename, but only the ambiguous ones. This means
|
|||
|
that if you wish to edit a file called file.txt, you may only need to
|
|||
|
type fi and hit the TAB key, then the shell will type the rest of the
|
|||
|
filename for you.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Basically one can complete on files and directories. This means that
|
|||
|
you can not complete on host names, process id's, options for a given
|
|||
|
program etc. Another thing you can not do with this type of completion
|
|||
|
is to complete on directory names only, when typing the argument for
|
|||
|
the command cd
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In TCSH, the completion mechanism is enhanced so that it is possible
|
|||
|
to tell TCSH which list to complete from for each command. This means
|
|||
|
that you can tell TCSH to complete from a list of host names when
|
|||
|
completing on the commands rlogin and ping. An alternative is to tell
|
|||
|
it to complete only on directories when the command is cd.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To configure user defined completion with The Dotfile Generator (from
|
|||
|
now on called TDG) go to the page completion -> userdefined, this will
|
|||
|
bring up a page which looks like this:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[IMAGE]
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
As the command name, you tell TDG which command you wish to define a
|
|||
|
completion for. In this example it is rm. Next you have to tell TDG
|
|||
|
which arguments to the command, this completion should apply to. To do
|
|||
|
this, press the button labeled Position definition. This will bring up
|
|||
|
a page, which is split in two parts:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[IMAGE] In the first part, you tell TDG, that the position definition,
|
|||
|
should be defined from the index of the argument, which is trying to
|
|||
|
be completed (the one, where the tab key is pressed.) Here you can
|
|||
|
tell it that you wish to complete on the first argument, all the
|
|||
|
arguments except the first one etc.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[IMAGE] The alternative to position dependent completion is pattern
|
|||
|
dependent completion. This means that you can tell TDG, that this
|
|||
|
completion should only apply if the current word, the previous word or
|
|||
|
the word before the previous word conform with a given pattern. Now
|
|||
|
you have to tell the TDG which list to complete from. To do this press
|
|||
|
the button labeled List. This will bring up a page, where you can
|
|||
|
select from a lot of different lists. E.g. aliases, user names, or
|
|||
|
directories.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
FILES AND DIRECTORIES
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Four of the lists you can select from are Commands, Directories, File
|
|||
|
names and Text files. If you give the optional directory to any of
|
|||
|
these, only elements from this directory is used.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
PREDEFINED LISTS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
There are two ways to let completion be from a predefined list. One is
|
|||
|
to mark the option predefined list, and type all the options in this
|
|||
|
list.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This solution is a bad idea if the list is used several places (e.g. a
|
|||
|
list of host names) in that case, one should select the list to be
|
|||
|
located in a variable, and then set this variable in the .tcshrc file.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
OUTPUT FROM COMMAND
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In many cases the list should be calculated when the completion takes
|
|||
|
place. This could e.g. be a list of users located at a given host, or
|
|||
|
targets in a makefile.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To set up such a completion, first develop the command, which return
|
|||
|
the list to complete from. The command must return the completion list
|
|||
|
on standard output as a space separated list. When this is done,
|
|||
|
insert this command in the entry saying Output From Command.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Here's a little Perl command, which find the targets in a makefile:
|
|||
|
perl -ne 'if (/^([^.#][^:]+):/) {print "$1 "}' Makefile
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If this is inserted in the Entry, one can complete on targets from the
|
|||
|
file called Makefile, in the current working directory.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If someone should think that its only to promote TDG, that I describe
|
|||
|
TCSH through it, (s)he should take a look at the following line, which
|
|||
|
is the generated code for the make completion:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
complete make 'p@*@`perl -ne '"'"'if (/^([^.#][^:]+):/) {print "$1"}'"'"'Makef
|
|||
|
ile`@'
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
RESTRICT TO PATTERN
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
With user defined completion, you can restrict the files, which are
|
|||
|
matched, for each command. Here are some very useful examples:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Restrict latex to *.{tex,dtx,ins}
|
|||
|
The latex command will only complete on files ending in .tex,
|
|||
|
.dtx or .ins
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Restrict rm to ^*.{tex,html,c,h}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This means that you can not complete rm to a .tex, .html, .c or
|
|||
|
.h file!
|
|||
|
I've done that a few times, when I e.g. wanted to delete a file
|
|||
|
called important.c~. Since the file important.c existed tcsh
|
|||
|
only completed to that name, and.. I deleted the wrong file,
|
|||
|
because I was to quick :-(
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Additional examples can be obtained from TDG, if you load the export
|
|||
|
file distributed with TDG. Please note that if you wish to keep the
|
|||
|
other pages, you have to tell TDG only to import the page
|
|||
|
completion/userdefined. This is done on the Details page, which is
|
|||
|
accessible from the reload page.
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Configuring the prompt
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Configuring the prompt is very easy with TDG. Just enter the menu
|
|||
|
called prompt. On this page you can configure three prompts:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
prompt
|
|||
|
This is the usual prompt, which you see on the command line,
|
|||
|
where you are about to enter a command.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
prompt2
|
|||
|
This prompt is used in foreach, and while loops, and at lines
|
|||
|
continuing lines ended with a slash.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
prompt3
|
|||
|
This prompt is used when TCSH tries to help you, when it meet
|
|||
|
commands it doesn't know (called spell checking.)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The prompts are mixed with tokens and ordinary text. The tokens are
|
|||
|
inserted by clicking on them in the menu below the scrollbar, and the
|
|||
|
ordinary text is simply typed in. When a token is inserted an
|
|||
|
indication will be shown in the entry. Here's an example of how this
|
|||
|
may look:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[IMAGE]
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[IMAGE] As has been discussed in issue6 of the Gazette, some of the
|
|||
|
prompt may be located in the xterm title bar instead of on the command
|
|||
|
line. To do this, choose font change and select Xterm.
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
History
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The history mechanism of the shell is a valuable thing, which makes it
|
|||
|
easier to type similar commands after each other.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To see a list of the previously executed commands, type history.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The following table lists the event specifiers:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
!nThis refers to the history event, with index n !-nThis refers to the
|
|||
|
history event, which was executed, n times ago: !-1 for the previous
|
|||
|
command, !-2 for the one before the previous command etc. !!This
|
|||
|
refers to the previous command !#This refers to the current command
|
|||
|
!sThis refers to the most recent command, whose first word begins with
|
|||
|
the string s !?s?This refers to the most recent command, which contain
|
|||
|
the sting s
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
With these commands, you can re-execute a command. E.g. just type !!,
|
|||
|
to re-execute the previous command. This is however often not what you
|
|||
|
want to do. What you really wants is to re-execute some part of a
|
|||
|
previous command, with some new elements added. To do this, you can
|
|||
|
use one of the following word designators, which is appended to the
|
|||
|
event specifier, with a colon.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
0The first word (i.e. the command name) nThe nth word $The last
|
|||
|
argument %The word matched by an ?s? search x-yArgument range from x
|
|||
|
to y *All the arguments to the command (equal to ^-$)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Now it's possible to get the last argument from the previous command,
|
|||
|
by typing !!:$. You'll however often see that you very often refer to
|
|||
|
the previous command, so if no event specifier is given, the previous
|
|||
|
command is used. This means that instead of writing !!:$, you may only
|
|||
|
write !$.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
More words designators exists, and it's even possible to edit the
|
|||
|
words with different commands. For more information about this and for
|
|||
|
more examples, please take a look into the tcsh manual
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[IMAGE] It is possible to expand the history references on the command
|
|||
|
line before you evaluate them by pressing ESC-SPC or ESC-! (This is:
|
|||
|
first the escape key, and next the space key or the ! key). On some
|
|||
|
keyboards you may use the meta key instead of the escape key. I.e.
|
|||
|
M-SPC (One keystroke!)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Patterns
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Many operations in the shell often works on many files, e.g. all files
|
|||
|
ending with .tex or starting with test-. Tcsh has the opportunity to
|
|||
|
type all these files for you, with file patterns. The following list
|
|||
|
shows which possibilities there exists:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
*Match any number of characters ?Match a single character [...]Match
|
|||
|
any single character in the list [x-y]Match any character within the
|
|||
|
range of characters from x to y [^...]Match elements, which does not
|
|||
|
match the list {...}This expands to all the words listed. There's no
|
|||
|
need that they match. ^...^ in the beginning of a pattern negates the
|
|||
|
pattern.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
EXAMPLES
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
match all files ending with .tex
|
|||
|
*.tex
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
match all files which does not end with .tex
|
|||
|
^*.tex
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
match xxxabyy xxxcdeyy and xxxhifjyy
|
|||
|
xxx{ab,cde,hifj}yy
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
match all .c and .h files
|
|||
|
*.[ch] or *.{c,h}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
THE SHELL EXPAND PATTERNS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
An important thing to be aware of is that it is the shell, which
|
|||
|
expand the patterns, and not the programs, which is executed with the
|
|||
|
pattern.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
An example of this is the program mcopy which copy files from disk. To
|
|||
|
copy all files, you may wish to use a star as in: mcopy a:* /tmp. This
|
|||
|
does however not work since the shell will try to expand the star, and
|
|||
|
since it can not find any files, which starts with a:, it will signal
|
|||
|
an error. So if you wish to send a star to the program, you have to
|
|||
|
escape the star: mcopy a:\* .
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[IMAGE] There exists two very useful key bindings, which can be used
|
|||
|
with patterns: The first is C-xg, which list all the files matching
|
|||
|
the pattern, without executing the command. The other is C-x*, which
|
|||
|
expand the star on the command line. This is especially useful if you
|
|||
|
e.g. wishes to delete all files ending in .c except important.c,
|
|||
|
stable.c and another.c. To create a pattern for this, might be very
|
|||
|
hard, so just use the pattern *.c. Then type C-x*, which will expand
|
|||
|
*.c to all you .c files. Now it's easy to remove the three files from
|
|||
|
the list
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Aliases
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
When using the shell one will soon recognize that certain commands are
|
|||
|
typed again and again. The one at top ten is surly ls -la, which list
|
|||
|
all files in a directory in long form.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
TCSH has a mechanism to create aliases for commands. This means that
|
|||
|
you can create an alias for ls -la just called la.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Aliases may refer to the arguments of the command line. This means
|
|||
|
that you can create a command called pack, which take a directory name
|
|||
|
and pack the directory with tar and gz. etc. Aliases can often be a
|
|||
|
bit hard to create since one often wants history/variable references
|
|||
|
expanded at time of use, and not at the definition time. This has been
|
|||
|
done easier with TDG, so go to the page aliases, to define aliases. If
|
|||
|
you end up with an alias you can not define on this page, but in tcsh,
|
|||
|
please send me an email. For more information about aliases, see the
|
|||
|
tcsh manual
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Timing programs
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Have you ever needed to know how long a program took to run, how much
|
|||
|
CPU it used etc?. If so, you may recognize the output from the tcsh
|
|||
|
built-in time command:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
0.020u 0.040s 0:00.11 54.5% 0+0k 0+0io 21pf+0w
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Informative? Yes but... The gnu time command is a bit more
|
|||
|
understandable:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
0.01user 0.08system 0:00.32elapsed 28%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
|
|||
|
0inputs+0outputs (0major+0minor)pagefaults 0swaps
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
But still...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In TDG you can configure the output from the time command on the page
|
|||
|
called jobs. It looks like this:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[IMAGE]
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
As for the prompt, here's an entry once again for mixed tokens and and
|
|||
|
ordinary text. Remember, if there is something in TDG that you do not
|
|||
|
understand, help is available by pressing the right mouse button over
|
|||
|
the given widget.
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
References
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
As you may have guessed, TDG and this article will help you a lot of
|
|||
|
the way to use TCSH, BUT you may need to read a bit more to get more
|
|||
|
out of TCSH, here's a few references:
|
|||
|
* The Tcsh manual page
|
|||
|
* The O'Reilly book on tcsh
|
|||
|
* The Tcsh mailing list (send mail to listserv@mx.gw.com with body
|
|||
|
text SUBscribe TCSH your name)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Jesper Kj<4B>r Pedersen <blackie@imada.ou.dk>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Copyright © 1996, Jesper Kj<4B>r Pedersen
|
|||
|
Published in Issue 12 of the Linux Gazette
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ] [ FRONT PAGE ] Back Next
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
"Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun! "
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Previous Next Table of Contents
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
FEDDI-COMO
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Manuel Soriano manu@ctv.es
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
June 29, 1996 v0.5
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The present document derives from the famous feddi.como which comes
|
|||
|
with the FEddi+bt packages; this paper is based upon version 0.5.
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1. Credits
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2. Introduction
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3. Installing FEddi
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* 3.1 User installation fido.
|
|||
|
* 3.2 Necessary packages
|
|||
|
* 3.3 mailer installation/configuration.
|
|||
|
* 3.4 Check and usage.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4. Installation of Binkley.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* 4.1 Configuration/Installation of the caller
|
|||
|
* 4.2 Problems
|
|||
|
* 4.3 ``Templates''.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5. Messages, collaborations, tricks
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* 5.1 futility
|
|||
|
* 5.2 File request (FREQ).
|
|||
|
* 5.3 Frequent addresses.
|
|||
|
* 5.4 Scripts and tools.
|
|||
|
* 5.5 Automation: The personal area.
|
|||
|
* 5.6 A few `tricks' for those that don't agree with RTFM.
|
|||
|
* 5.7 Grouping by tens Binkley's appearance:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
6. Good bye and conclusion.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Previous Next Table of Contents
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Copyright © 1996, Manuel Soriano
|
|||
|
Published in Issue 12 of the Linux Gazette
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ] [ FRONT PAGE ] Back Next
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Previous Next Table of Contents
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1. Credits
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The original author of the packages FEddi is Oliver Graf,
|
|||
|
2:2454/130.69, the original port to bt a *nix is copyright (c) 1992,
|
|||
|
1993 by Ben Stuyts, the adaptation to LINUX is copyright (c) 1993
|
|||
|
Louis Lagendijk, and the person who made both versions usable is
|
|||
|
Manuel Soriano, manu@ctv.es.
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Previous Next Table of Contents Previous Next Table of Contents
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2. Introduction
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Welcome as a future fellow of feddi and bt :-)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Congratulations for your decision to install this package. It's not
|
|||
|
too complicated, the only troubles you may run in are some
|
|||
|
permissions. The sources included in this package have already been
|
|||
|
patched to grant a smoother working.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
As well fmbedit as bt show some minor problems, so don't flame as much
|
|||
|
and think that you didn't pay anything for it. You may contribute
|
|||
|
correcting bugs. Don't hold them for yourself, share them. Send me
|
|||
|
patches and will make this software improve. A hint: don't run it
|
|||
|
under X, the terminal data base doesn't work smoothly, I'm up to fix
|
|||
|
this. Surely, some day I'll be able to path this :-) (I used to say
|
|||
|
this would be the next :-DDDDDDDDDDD)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I'm in due with:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Alfonso Belloso : 2:344/17.2 (if I remember well)
|
|||
|
* Jose Luis Sanchez : 2:346/207.17 (for sure)
|
|||
|
* Pablo Gomez : 2:341/43.12 (fixes for this file and the scripts for
|
|||
|
the automation of the personal area)
|
|||
|
* Javier Ruberte : 2:346/401.50
|
|||
|
* Jose Carlos Gutierrez : 2:341/45.17 (scripts to compile the
|
|||
|
nodelist)
|
|||
|
* Carlos Terron : 2:345/402.23 (patch so ftoss recognizes
|
|||
|
upper/lower
|
|||
|
* Francisco Jose Montilla : 2:345/402.22 pacopepe@nova.es(sgml
|
|||
|
format)
|
|||
|
* CICCIO C. Simon : ciccio@arrakis.es (english version)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
At the end of this file you'll find messages with hints, all sent by
|
|||
|
feddi
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Previous Next Table of Contents Previous Next Table of Contents
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3. Installing FEddi
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3.1 User installation fido.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
We'll install fido as a mail user, but you can give it another name.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you see ~/ in this document, we refer to the user's home directory.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* file /etc/passwd Include the following line:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
fido::2004:300::/home/fido:/bin/bash
|
|||
|
* file /etc/group Include the following line:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
fido::300:uucp,fido,root
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3.2 Necessary packages
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You'll need:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* perl, do
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ls /usr/bin/perl
|
|||
|
If not found, install it from disk-set D (Slackware)
|
|||
|
* ncurses, do
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ls /usr/lib/libncurses.a
|
|||
|
If not found, install it from disk-set D (Slackware)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3.3 mailer installation/configuration.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Change to the directory /FEddi-0.9pl5
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1. Edit the file Makefile, put for variable SRCDIR your fonts' path,
|
|||
|
e.g.:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
SRCDIR=/root/trabajo/mailer/FEddi-dev
|
|||
|
2. Add to the beginning of the line NODEPRG =: nlfunct.o else it
|
|||
|
won't compile.
|
|||
|
3. make
|
|||
|
4. If you get the following error:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ncurses.h: No such file or directory
|
|||
|
Do:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ln -s /usr/include/ncurses/curses.h /usr/include/ncurses/ncurses.h
|
|||
|
5.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
su root
|
|||
|
make install
|
|||
|
exit
|
|||
|
6. It seems that the install utility doesn't copy all of the
|
|||
|
utilities; do the following:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
cp utils/* ~/fnet/utility
|
|||
|
7. A few files need modification:
|
|||
|
+ File printmsg
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|||
|
cat | $HOME/fnet/utility/formatmsg | lpr
|
|||
|
+ File exportmsg
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|||
|
if test $1 = "new"
|
|||
|
then
|
|||
|
cat | $HOME/fnet/utility/formatmsg > "$2"
|
|||
|
else
|
|||
|
cat | $HOME/fnet/utility/formatmsg >> "$2"
|
|||
|
fi
|
|||
|
8. The fnet directory has the following contents:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
./outbound
|
|||
|
./msgbase
|
|||
|
./copy
|
|||
|
./log
|
|||
|
./inbound
|
|||
|
./utility
|
|||
|
./nodelist
|
|||
|
Create these directories and do the following:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
chown -R fido.fido fnet
|
|||
|
9. Configuration file ~/.feddirc:
|
|||
|
+ Permissions 644
|
|||
|
+ User/group fido.uucp
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
;
|
|||
|
; This .feddirc was automatically created with config.user
|
|||
|
;
|
|||
|
; Profile Section
|
|||
|
;
|
|||
|
PROFILE Manuel Soriano
|
|||
|
2:346/207.punto net_name the_passwd outbound 2:*
|
|||
|
25:946/100.punto other_net_name the_passwd outbound 25:*
|
|||
|
93:346/101.punto other_net_name the_passwd outbound 93:*
|
|||
|
END
|
|||
|
; The first line is your main address, the following are subnets, the routing
|
|||
|
; fro 25: to 93: is done by means of 2:
|
|||
|
;
|
|||
|
;
|
|||
|
;
|
|||
|
; Paths
|
|||
|
;
|
|||
|
MsgBasePath ~/fnet/msgbase/
|
|||
|
InboundPath ~/fnet/inbound/
|
|||
|
OutboundPath ~/fnet/
|
|||
|
UtilityPath ~/fnet/utility
|
|||
|
Log ~/fnet/log/feddi.log 200
|
|||
|
CopyPath ~/fnet/copy/
|
|||
|
NodelistPath ~/fnet/nodelist/
|
|||
|
;
|
|||
|
; Misc
|
|||
|
;
|
|||
|
Packer /usr/bin/zip -q -m -k -j %s %s
|
|||
|
; Editor /usr/bin/vi %s
|
|||
|
Beep Yes
|
|||
|
AutoDelEmpty Yes
|
|||
|
KeepPKT No
|
|||
|
KeepNL Yes
|
|||
|
KeepBackups No
|
|||
|
ShowAllAddr Yes
|
|||
|
MaxMsgLength 64k
|
|||
|
QuoteLength 70
|
|||
|
ReplySubject No
|
|||
|
AskForOrigName Yes
|
|||
|
AutoNextFolder Yes
|
|||
|
;
|
|||
|
; End of .feddirc
|
|||
|
;
|
|||
|
You may base your configuration on this file, as it works for me
|
|||
|
without troubles.
|
|||
|
10. File ~/fnet/nodelist/fnlcrc
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
dial 34-6- 3
|
|||
|
dial 34-6
|
|||
|
dial *
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
pointlist ptlstr34
|
|||
|
pointlist eu_point
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
nodelist region34
|
|||
|
nodelist eu_nodes
|
|||
|
dial : According to your zone 34-6 (Valencia), 34-1 (Madrid), 34-3
|
|||
|
(Barcelona), etc... As pointlist, the different lists of points,
|
|||
|
you may use the point lists that come from the bbs, without
|
|||
|
modification. As nodelist, the different lists of nodes, you may
|
|||
|
use the node lists that come from the bbs, without modification.
|
|||
|
That's it.
|
|||
|
11. Compiling the nodelist/pointlist I'm using the following scripts.
|
|||
|
They are simple and work.
|
|||
|
+ file ~/fnet/nodelist/compila0 permissions 777
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#!/bin/bash
|
|||
|
unzip lista.zip
|
|||
|
mv EU_NODOS* eu_nodos
|
|||
|
mv EU_PUNTO* eu_punto
|
|||
|
mv PTLSTR34* ptlstr34
|
|||
|
mv REGION34* region34
|
|||
|
mv SNETLIST* snetlist
|
|||
|
mv SUBPTLST* subptlst
|
|||
|
+ file ~/fnet/nodelist/compila1 permissions 777
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#!/bin/bash
|
|||
|
rm fnlc.*
|
|||
|
fnlc
|
|||
|
This will compile the lists. If you run into troubles, certainly it's
|
|||
|
about permissions. Check four files, normally the binaries go to
|
|||
|
/usr/bin
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3.4 Check and usage.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Check your mail. Look for a mail package you might have for MS/DOS.
|
|||
|
Put it into the directory ~/fnet/inbound and do
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ftoss ; futility pack ; futility link
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This will always be the way to handle your incoming mail. ftoss will
|
|||
|
create automatically the folder according to your areas.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
fmbedit
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If everything went well you'll see the mail of that package on your
|
|||
|
screen :-)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The editor is quite simple and well documented. It looks somewhat like
|
|||
|
the fmail's editor.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Create a message in an area or two and do the following:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
fscan
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This will always be the way to handle your outgoing mail.
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Previous Next Table of Contents Previous Next Table of Contents
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4. Installation of Binkley.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4.1 Configuration/Installation of the caller
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1. The first thing to do is: change directory to /bt do
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
make
|
|||
|
su root
|
|||
|
make install
|
|||
|
you should get in /usr/bin:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root fido 238983 Sep 15 18:04 /usr/bin/bt
|
|||
|
and in /usr/lib/binkley:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 742 Sep 16 10:04 binkley.cfg
|
|||
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 uucp root 108 Sep 16 10:10 binkley.day
|
|||
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12332 Sep 15 16:20 binkley.lng
|
|||
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 uucp root 124 Mar 20 2029 binkley.scd
|
|||
|
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14423 Sep 15 16:20 btctl
|
|||
|
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13813 Sep 15 16:20 btlng
|
|||
|
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 15649 Sep 15 16:20 english.txt
|
|||
|
-rwsr-xr-x 1 uucp fido 1603 Sep 15 16:20 fido-toconv
|
|||
|
2. File /usr/lib/binkley/binkley.cfg
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
FEddiNodelist
|
|||
|
(1)Port 2
|
|||
|
(2)baud 38400
|
|||
|
LockBaud 38400
|
|||
|
(3)Init ATZ0|~AT&K6|~
|
|||
|
(4)Prefix ATDP
|
|||
|
PreDial ~
|
|||
|
PreInit |v``^``
|
|||
|
LogLevel 5
|
|||
|
LineUpdate
|
|||
|
Gong
|
|||
|
AutoBaud
|
|||
|
PollTries 10
|
|||
|
PollDelay 600
|
|||
|
Unattended
|
|||
|
BoxType 0
|
|||
|
NiceOutBound
|
|||
|
ReadHoldTime 1
|
|||
|
(5)System seudonimo_fido
|
|||
|
(6)Sysop tu_nombre
|
|||
|
StatusLog /home/fido/fnet/log/binkley.log 200
|
|||
|
Downloads /home/fido/fnet/inbound/
|
|||
|
CaptureFile /home/fido/fnet/log/session.log
|
|||
|
NetFile /home/fido/fnet/inbound/
|
|||
|
Hold /home/fido/fnet/outbound/
|
|||
|
Nodelist /home/fido/fnet/nodelist/
|
|||
|
(7)Address 2:346/207.XX@FidoNet.org 5207 tel_del_boss
|
|||
|
(8)Key !the_passwd 2:346/207
|
|||
|
(9)Domain FidoNet.org outbound
|
|||
|
Address 25:946/100.XX@EuroNet.org
|
|||
|
Key !the_passwd 25:946/100
|
|||
|
Domain EuroNet.org outbound
|
|||
|
Address 93:346/101.XX@SubNet.org
|
|||
|
Key !the_passwd 93:346/101
|
|||
|
Domain SubNet.org outbound
|
|||
|
You may start with this file. Just change what you need and take away
|
|||
|
the numbers in parenthesis.
|
|||
|
+ (1), serial port you're going to use 1 COM1, 2 COM2, etc...
|
|||
|
(*)
|
|||
|
+ (2), port speed, 19200 if it's a 16450
|
|||
|
+ (3), the modem's initialization string
|
|||
|
+ (4), the prefix for your bbs, e.g.: ATDP (pulses) o ATDT
|
|||
|
(tones)
|
|||
|
+ (5), your nickname as it appears on the pointlist, w/o the _
|
|||
|
+ (6), your name as it appears on the pointlist, w/o the _
|
|||
|
+ (7), your main fido address fakenet bbs_telefone_number
|
|||
|
+ (8), your password and the boss, don't forget to put an ``!''
|
|||
|
as a prefix to your password.
|
|||
|
+ (9), Subdomains, if you have some, handle them following the
|
|||
|
same rules as your main domain.
|
|||
|
+ (*) You may use 5, which will open /dev/modem. Normally
|
|||
|
/dev/modem is a symlink to /dev/cua0 or /dev/cua1, (ln -s
|
|||
|
/dev/cua1 /dev/modem). At least I have it this way...
|
|||
|
3. Include the following line in your ~/.profile
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
export BINKLEY=/usr/lib/binkley
|
|||
|
do
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
. ~/.profile
|
|||
|
(you need to do this just now. The next time you enter as fido you'll
|
|||
|
already have BINKLEY initialized)
|
|||
|
4. Execute
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
bt
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4.2 Problems
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you run into troubles, for sure it's about permissions or a badly
|
|||
|
defined path. Check them out.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1. The most common error is:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
cannot re-open logfile
|
|||
|
The owner is usually: usuario.uucp. The permissions: 664
|
|||
|
2. Another rather common error: Here it might be that the assigned
|
|||
|
tty doesn't have the appropriate permissions. Specially if this
|
|||
|
had been used by getty, normally it should get permissions to read
|
|||
|
and write for everybody. The message was:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
tty port can not be initialized
|
|||
|
Solution:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
chmod 666 /dev/ttyS0
|
|||
|
or ttyS1; (COM1: or COM2:).
|
|||
|
3. For RedHat users:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ln -s /var/spool /usr
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you get a screen similar to frodo you could do the following:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ALT-Y, call your bbs, it'll leave your mail there and fetch what you
|
|||
|
got. Then you just need to execute the commands mentioned for mail
|
|||
|
handling.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If it appears to have fallen asleep during the FIRST file
|
|||
|
transmission, hit the ESC key to wake it up.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4.3 ``Templates''.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This is my templates file $FNET/msgbase/template:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#if to (AreaMgr|FileScan)
|
|||
|
#;
|
|||
|
#; ********** Handling of AreaMgr- and FileScan-Mails **********
|
|||
|
#;
|
|||
|
#else
|
|||
|
#if group (--InterNet--)
|
|||
|
#;
|
|||
|
#; ********** Handling of Internet-Mails **********
|
|||
|
#;
|
|||
|
How are you #1E!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#if mode (reply)
|
|||
|
In <#a> #f wrote:
|
|||
|
#.
|
|||
|
#quote
|
|||
|
#else
|
|||
|
#.
|
|||
|
#endif
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Greetings,
|
|||
|
Manu
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#|insertfortune
|
|||
|
#else
|
|||
|
#;
|
|||
|
#; ********** Handling of other Mails **********
|
|||
|
#;
|
|||
|
Hi #1E!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#if mode (reply|forward)
|
|||
|
#if mode (netreply)
|
|||
|
That happy day #d, #f said to #e
|
|||
|
in #a concerning "#s":
|
|||
|
#.
|
|||
|
#quote
|
|||
|
#endif
|
|||
|
#if mode (^reply)
|
|||
|
On #d, #f would write to #e
|
|||
|
concerning "#s":
|
|||
|
#.
|
|||
|
#quote
|
|||
|
#endif
|
|||
|
#if mode (forward)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Even if it doesn't look like, it's a forward
|
|||
|
* Message from #f to #e
|
|||
|
* on #d to #t
|
|||
|
* concerning "#s"
|
|||
|
* in #a
|
|||
|
,,,
|
|||
|
(o o)
|
|||
|
---------------------------------oOO--(_)--OOo------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#text
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
#endif
|
|||
|
#else
|
|||
|
#.
|
|||
|
#endif
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#if group (--Intern--|^$)
|
|||
|
#if from Manuel Soriano
|
|||
|
Bye,
|
|||
|
Manu
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#|insertfortune
|
|||
|
#else
|
|||
|
Bye,
|
|||
|
#1F
|
|||
|
#endif
|
|||
|
#else
|
|||
|
Bye,
|
|||
|
#1F
|
|||
|
#endif
|
|||
|
#endif
|
|||
|
#endif
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\|/
|
|||
|
0-0 dpsys10@dapsys.ch
|
|||
|
*****---oOo-(_)-oOo---**********************************************
|
|||
|
* Manuel Soriano * El Perello/Valencia/Spain *
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Once created your area directories, you can create an origin file in
|
|||
|
each of them, and insert one or several lines (but not more than 70
|
|||
|
chars) referring to your message's origin.
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Previous Next Table of Contents Previous Next Table of Contents
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5. Messages, collaborations, tricks
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
>From here on I'll state things I received from fido users.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5.1 futility
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
Message Number 1 from area R34.LINUX
|
|||
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
From: Jesus Gambero (2:345/201.3)
|
|||
|
From: All
|
|||
|
Subj: FEddi
|
|||
|
Send: 25 Nov 95 15:43:57
|
|||
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
Hi.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For now, FEddi hasn't got too much documentation, so after a couple of
|
|||
|
tests, finally I'm able to maintain the message base.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
futility tool delete "age+15&&protect-&&new-" R34.LINUX
|
|||
|
futility pack
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This will delete the messages older than 15 days which are not protected
|
|||
|
and which have been read.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you don't specify the area name, it'll refer to all. It happens that
|
|||
|
I leave some areas more days than others, so I have to specify a line for
|
|||
|
each area, but my customize it at will.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Bye.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--- FEddi 0.9pl5 via BinkleyTerm
|
|||
|
* Origin: Message written and send by Linux, of course!!
|
|||
|
(2:345/201.3)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5.2 File request (FREQ).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
Message Number 4 from area R34.LINUX
|
|||
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
From: Javier Hernandez (2:346/207.48)
|
|||
|
From: ALL
|
|||
|
Subj: FILE REQUEST
|
|||
|
Send: 07 Dec 95 06:15:45
|
|||
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
Hi!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I have been trying to find out how to do the RE: with the Linux software,
|
|||
|
and I already fetched my first file. I'll explain how I did it, just if
|
|||
|
anybody is interested, or knows about a more correct manner.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
First I write a Net, usually to my sysop. After finishing I exit with
|
|||
|
(Alt+x). Having the message activated, I hit (Alt+g) to open a small
|
|||
|
window which displays some data. Once seeing it, I pulse `Inc' and type
|
|||
|
the name of the file I wish to download. Finally I push `Esc'.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This should be enough. Next time you call you'll receive the file. At
|
|||
|
least this is how it worked for me.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Any comments?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Bye,
|
|||
|
Javier
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
fjherna@ibm.net _\|/_
|
|||
|
***********************************************-----(O)---****
|
|||
|
* Javi(Canary) * Valencia/Spain *
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--- FEddi 0.9pl5 via BinkleyTerm
|
|||
|
* Origin: RAMERA: persona que comercia con su RAM. (2:346/207.48)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5.3 Frequent addresses.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
Message Number 6 from area R34.LINUX
|
|||
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
From: Javier Hernandez (2:346/207.48)
|
|||
|
From: Manuel Soriano
|
|||
|
Subj: Testing send.
|
|||
|
Send: 11 Dec 95 23:58:55
|
|||
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
Hi Manuel!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
As of 07 Dec 95, Manuel Soriano wrote to Javier Hernandez
|
|||
|
concerning "Testing send.":
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
MS> I've received it correctly, in the write area, just tell us how you
|
|||
|
MS> did it. Hope you'll write us a feddi.howto :-)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
See, I put a file called "names" into /home/fido/fnet/msgbase which might
|
|||
|
be similar for you. The file's contents:
|
|||
|
-------------------------start here-------------------------------------
|
|||
|
*fj,Javier Hernandez,2:346/207.48
|
|||
|
*fm,Francisco Moreno,2:346/207.1
|
|||
|
*ap,Alfonso Perez-Almazan,2:346/207.2
|
|||
|
*vk,Viktor Martinez,2:346/207.4
|
|||
|
*sz,Salvador Zarzo,2:346/207.6
|
|||
|
*el,Eduardo Lluna Gil,2:346/207.8
|
|||
|
*bs,Bernardino Soldan,2:346/207.10
|
|||
|
*ms,Manuel Soriano,2:346/207.14
|
|||
|
*js,Jose Luis Sanchez,2:346/207.17
|
|||
|
*jv,Jose Villanueva,2:346/207.28
|
|||
|
*am,Alberto Mendoza,2:346/207.44
|
|||
|
*pe,pepsales@portables.com,2:342/3
|
|||
|
*am,areamgr,2:346/207
|
|||
|
*rt,rtorres@gimn.upv.es,2:342/3
|
|||
|
----------------------------stop here-----------------------------------
|
|||
|
This causes that, inserting a net instead of writing a To:, push PgUp or
|
|||
|
PgDown, you can see the different names. As you see, I've even added some
|
|||
|
Internet addresses which I'm using sometimes. The first field, I think, is
|
|||
|
some kind of short keys to make a call directly to this line. I don't remember
|
|||
|
right now how is this done, but it's easy and you'll find it in the man page
|
|||
|
for feddi.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I don't know if I missed something. If you agree, just add it to feddi.como.
|
|||
|
Let me know if you think there is missing something, I'll send it to you.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
See ya.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Bye,
|
|||
|
Javier
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
fjherna@ibm.net
|
|||
|
fj.chicha@p48.europa3.encomix.com _\|/_
|
|||
|
***********************************************-----(O)---****
|
|||
|
* Javi(Canary) * Valencia/Spain *
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--- FEddi 0.9pl5 via BinkleyTerm
|
|||
|
* Origin: RAMERA: person dealing with his RAM. (2:346/207.48)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5.4 Scripts and tools.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
Message Number 11 from area R34.LINUX
|
|||
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
From: Jose Carlos Gutierrez (2:341/45.17)
|
|||
|
From: all
|
|||
|
Subj: Feddi-como, Scripts
|
|||
|
Send: 26 Dec 95 11:42:31
|
|||
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
Hi
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
These are the files I'm using to automate mail.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
file /usr/local/bin/fido
|
|||
|
#!/bin/bash
|
|||
|
pushd ~/fnet/inbound
|
|||
|
.minusculas
|
|||
|
if [ -f snetlist.a* ] ||
|
|||
|
[ -f subptlst.a* ] || [ -f region34.l* ] || [ -f ptlstr34.l* ]; then
|
|||
|
~/fnet/nodelist/compilar
|
|||
|
fi
|
|||
|
ftoss
|
|||
|
futility link
|
|||
|
fmbedit
|
|||
|
fscan
|
|||
|
futility pack
|
|||
|
popd
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|------------|
|
|||
|
file ~/fnet/inbound/.minusculas
|
|||
|
(the dot is to avoid that it converts itself to lower case)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#!/usr/bin/perl
|
|||
|
while ($nombre = <*>) {
|
|||
|
$nuevo_nombre = $nombre;
|
|||
|
$nuevo_nombre=~ tr/A-Z,<2C>/a-z,<2C>/;
|
|||
|
print "$nombre -> $nuevo_nombre \n";
|
|||
|
rename($nombre,"$nuevo_nombre"); }
|
|||
|
|------------|
|
|||
|
file ~/fnet/nodelist/compilar
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#!/bin/bash
|
|||
|
# file to compile the nodelist
|
|||
|
pushd ~/fnet/nodelist
|
|||
|
if [ -f ~/fnet/inbound/ptlstr34.l* ]; then
|
|||
|
rm ptlstr34*
|
|||
|
unpack ~/fnet/inbound/ptlstr34.l*
|
|||
|
fi
|
|||
|
if [ -f ~/fnet/inbound/region34.l* ]; then
|
|||
|
rm region34*
|
|||
|
unpack ~/fnet/inbound/region34.l*
|
|||
|
fi
|
|||
|
if [ -f ~/fnet/inbound/snetlist.a* ]; then
|
|||
|
rm snetlist*
|
|||
|
unpack ~/fnet/inbound/snetlist.a*
|
|||
|
fi
|
|||
|
if [ -f ~/fnet/inbound/subptlst.a* ]; then
|
|||
|
rm subptlst*
|
|||
|
unpack ~/fnet/inbound/subptlst.a*
|
|||
|
fi
|
|||
|
# what I'm doing here is insert the line of my Boss for him to call the bt
|
|||
|
# with ctrl + y (this is probably the most difficult way to do it, by I know
|
|||
|
# of no other).
|
|||
|
grep -i -B 4000 'Boss,2:341/45' ptlstr34.* > /tmp/file1
|
|||
|
grep -i -A 4000 'Boss,2:341/45' ptlstr34.* > /tmp/file2
|
|||
|
grep -v 'Boss,2:341/45' /tmp/file2 > /tmp/file3
|
|||
|
rm ptlstr34.*
|
|||
|
cat /tmp/file1 > ptlstr34
|
|||
|
# you'll have to adapt this line to your system
|
|||
|
echo ",0,Ma~ana_Remoto,Madrid,Rafa,34-1-6463023,9600,CM,V34,VFC" >> ptlstr34
|
|||
|
cat /tmp/file3 >> ptlstr34
|
|||
|
rm /tmp/file1
|
|||
|
rm /tmp/file2
|
|||
|
rm /tmp/file3
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
rm -f ~/fnet/inbound/ptlstr34*
|
|||
|
rm -f ~/fnet/inbound/region34*
|
|||
|
rm -f ~/fnet/inbound/snetlist*
|
|||
|
rm -f ~/fnet/inbound/subptlst*
|
|||
|
rm fnlc.*
|
|||
|
fnlc
|
|||
|
popd
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Bye,
|
|||
|
Guti.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--- FEddi 0.9pl5 via BinkleyTerm
|
|||
|
* Origin: THE GANG TM (2:341/45.17)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5.5 Automation: The personal area.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
Message Number 1358 from area R34.LINUX
|
|||
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
From: Pablo Gomez (2:341/43.40)
|
|||
|
From: All
|
|||
|
Subj: The personal area in FEDDI, a fine(ally) version ;-)
|
|||
|
Send: 24 Jun 96 00:35:31
|
|||
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
Hi!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Will since some time we have been trying to find out a possibility to provide
|
|||
|
in FEDDI a personal area allowing the reception of mail directed to us
|
|||
|
from any area, and, over all, (as the former isn't difficult) reply them
|
|||
|
in a comfortable way, sending them back to the original areas.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The following scripts at least allowed Francisco Jose Montilla and the author
|
|||
|
of this message to do the trick.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The first step is creating an area which will later serve as PERSONAL.
|
|||
|
We can do it like:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(As user fido)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
$ cd ~/msgbase
|
|||
|
$ mkdir +PERSONAL
|
|||
|
$ cp +R34.LINUX/* +PERSONAL/
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(PERSONAL is the name you want to give the personal area) Check if the
|
|||
|
permissions and the owner of this new directory are the same as those
|
|||
|
you have in other areas. If not, correct them.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Next, to clean the messages, do:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
$ futility "+delete" "all+" PERSONAL
|
|||
|
$ futility pack PERSONAL
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you invoke fmbedit again, you'll the the new area, called PERSONAL!
|
|||
|
:-) magic? :-)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Now we've got the base. Next part: Copy the new messages that are arriving
|
|||
|
to the system to our name. This is done (almost) automatically.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If we create a file like:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
,,,
|
|||
|
(o o) File: ~/msgbase/tosspath
|
|||
|
---*reiss*------*schnippel*------oOO--(_)--OOo-------*knabber*-----*fetz*---
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
copy t"Pablo Gomez" PERSONAL
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
---*reiss*------*schnippel*--------------------------*knabber*-----*fetz*---
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
that's it. Obviously you'll have to replace my name (Pable Gomez) with yours,
|
|||
|
and PERSONAL with the name of your personal area. Each time we run ftoss,
|
|||
|
this will copy to the personal area the messages directed to us.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This point deserves a comment. In fact, this will copy also the messages
|
|||
|
directed to us and received in NETMAIL. In my opinion, this is somewhat
|
|||
|
brain-dead, as the NETMAIL area is already our personal area. I don't know
|
|||
|
of no modification to avoid this copy. So a little later we'll have to
|
|||
|
make a certain adjustment.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This is a piece (the important one ;-)) of the script I run to receive the
|
|||
|
mail.
|
|||
|
,,,
|
|||
|
(o o) File: ~/bin/mimport
|
|||
|
---*reiss*------*schnippel*------oOO--(_)--OOo-------*knabber*-----*fetz*---
|
|||
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
# To manage the personal area
|
|||
|
PERSAREA=PERSONAL
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
# Mail import
|
|||
|
ftoss
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
# Feeding personal area
|
|||
|
# We just have delivered the messages, generating the necessary duplicates in
|
|||
|
# PERSONAL. But we'd liked to delete the messages which we just copied to
|
|||
|
# the PERSONAL area, and which come from the NETMAIL area
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
futility tool "+delete" \
|
|||
|
"new+&&text+\*\*\* ftoss: copied from NETMAIL" $PERSAREA
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
# reconstruct threads
|
|||
|
futility pack
|
|||
|
futility link
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#[...]
|
|||
|
---*reiss*------*schnippel*--------------------------*knabber*-----*fetz*---
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Be careful: the lines `futility tool ...' and `new ..." are just one. The
|
|||
|
aim is to delete this redundant messages from NETMAIL.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Going on with message handling. The messages in the PERSONAL area contain
|
|||
|
lines like:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
*** ftoss: copied from R34.LINUX
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(for instance) :-)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I reply (just in the PERSONAL area) the message, and don't care for anything,
|
|||
|
_EXCEPT_ to not delete this line, which will serve later as a `witness' to
|
|||
|
allow the message be replied in the correct area.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Then, exporting the mail, I run the following script:
|
|||
|
,,,
|
|||
|
(o o) File: ~/bin/mexport
|
|||
|
---*reiss*------*schnippel*------oOO--(_)--OOo-------*knabber*-----*fetz*---
|
|||
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
USER_BIN_DIR=/home/fido/bin
|
|||
|
LOCAL_BIN_DIR=/usr/local/bin
|
|||
|
# Name of personal area
|
|||
|
PERSAREA=PERSONAL
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
# user name
|
|||
|
USERNOM="Pablo Gomez"
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
# temp output file name
|
|||
|
OUTFILE=/tmp/persanswr
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
# Extraction of the messages in the personal area which are due for process
|
|||
|
# and which will then be marked as `sent'
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
futility tool "display" "attribute-se&&from+Pablo Gomez" $PERSAREA > $OUTFILE
|
|||
|
futility tool "+se" "attribute-se&&from+Pablo Gomez" $PERSAREA
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
# distribution to the new areas...
|
|||
|
awk -f $USER_BIN_DIR/persreply.awk < $OUTFILE
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
# scan the message base
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
$LOCAL_BIN_DIR/fscan
|
|||
|
---*reiss*------*schnippel*--------------------------*knabber*-----*fetz*---
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
And the `awk' line included in the file persreply.awk reads:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
,,,
|
|||
|
(o o) File: ~/bin/persreply.awk
|
|||
|
---*reiss*------*schnippel*------oOO--(_)--OOo-------*knabber*-----*fetz*---
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
BEGIN {
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
# Touch this if necessary
|
|||
|
# ATTENTION: Watch also for instruction blocks marked with "####":
|
|||
|
# these too will need adjustment.
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
outputfile="/tmp/tmpreply"
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
# down here I suppose only the blocks marked with `###' my need changes
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
borracmd=sprintf("rm -f %s", outputfile)
|
|||
|
replyarea=""
|
|||
|
estado=1
|
|||
|
system(borracmd)
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
# It's only valid the first time found in each message.
|
|||
|
# Avoid copying, so it won't reach another system which is using the same
|
|||
|
# system
|
|||
|
/\*\*\* ftoss: copied from /{
|
|||
|
if (estado==1) {
|
|||
|
viejoestado=2
|
|||
|
estado=3
|
|||
|
replyarea=$NF
|
|||
|
### Modify:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
print "*** pers_area: Copiado desde area PERSONAL" >> "/tmp/tmpreply"
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/^#To: / {
|
|||
|
user=""
|
|||
|
for (n=2; n <= NF; n++) {
|
|||
|
user=sprintf("%s %s ",user,$n)
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
# Avoid writing the following lines:
|
|||
|
/^#Area: / {
|
|||
|
viejoestado=estado
|
|||
|
estado=3
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/^#@To: / {
|
|||
|
viejoestado=estado
|
|||
|
estado=3
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
# always but in the before mentioned cases...
|
|||
|
estado != 3{
|
|||
|
#####
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
# ATTENTION!: Modify as above.
|
|||
|
# Sorry for the hack, but I couldn't make it work otherwise.
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
print $0 >> "/tmp/tmpreply"
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
# Restore the previous state
|
|||
|
estado==3 { estado=viejoestado }
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/^###MESSAGE_END###/{
|
|||
|
if (estado==2) {
|
|||
|
close (outputfile)
|
|||
|
comando=sprintf("cat %s | futility addmsg %s",outputfile,
|
|||
|
replyarea)
|
|||
|
system(comando)
|
|||
|
system(borracmd)
|
|||
|
estado=1
|
|||
|
replyarea=""
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
END {
|
|||
|
system(borracmd)
|
|||
|
}
|
|||
|
---*reiss*------*schnippel*--------------------------*knabber*-----*fetz*---
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Be careful: there are cut off lines (visibly), and there is a double hack
|
|||
|
which I wasn't able to resolve better. Instead of defining all of the above
|
|||
|
variables, there is one, `outputfile' which I had to redefine half way of
|
|||
|
the script as a constant, because I didn't know how to do it better. I tried
|
|||
|
to pass the variable quoted in different styles, but I couldn't achieve it.
|
|||
|
Maybe one of you could give me a hint.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This was tested with several simultaneous messages, but I think I never
|
|||
|
failed to destroy the line with ***ftoss...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Regards until the next time. I hope you'll find it useful. I'll be pleased
|
|||
|
to get comments, improvements, etc.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Bye,
|
|||
|
Pablo GOMEZ
|
|||
|
pgomez@p12.laereas.encomix.com
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--- FEddi 0.9pl5 via BinkleyTerm
|
|||
|
* Origin: Puntomatico Remoto. Linux en Hoyo de Manzanares (2:341/43.40)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5.6 A few `tricks' for those that don't agree with RTFM.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
REPLYING MAIL.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* To reply -in the normal way- the From: in the same area, Alt+r
|
|||
|
* To reply the To: in the same area as the message: Ctrl+r.
|
|||
|
* To reply -via net- the message's From: Alt+n
|
|||
|
* To reply -via net- the message's To: Ctrl+n
|
|||
|
To be able to do the latter, the addressee must be in the
|
|||
|
pointlist, otherwise just nothing happens.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
``NAVIGATING'' AROUND THE MESSAGE BASE.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* To get a list of the areas messages, pulse Alt+l; using then the
|
|||
|
cursor right key, you'll be changing to the list of areas.
|
|||
|
* To follow the conversation's thread upon it's Re:, you'll need to
|
|||
|
hit the Tab key, and see a list similar to that which appears in
|
|||
|
the previous item. If you continue using this key you'll change
|
|||
|
the references to the linked messages.
|
|||
|
You will know that there multiple linked messages (this is what
|
|||
|
futility link does) by one and the same Re: and by some yellow
|
|||
|
codes which appear in the right upper corner of the screen, in the
|
|||
|
zone dedicated to the message's header.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
FILE OPERATIONS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* To do a File Attach, or sending a file ``attached'' to a message,
|
|||
|
netmail, -once the addressee has been typed- push Alt+y,
|
|||
|
followed by f; then Alt+j and finally Tab; you'll be able to
|
|||
|
``navigate'' up to the file.
|
|||
|
The latter Tab applies to all operations related to files(insert
|
|||
|
file, export message to file, etc...)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5.7 Grouping by tens Binkley's appearance:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Create the following file and execute it in place of the bt:
|
|||
|
File /usr/bin/bbs
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
echo -e "\033(U"
|
|||
|
/usr/bin/bt
|
|||
|
echo -e "\033(B"
|
|||
|
* Type the command:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
chmod 755 /usr/bin/bbs
|
|||
|
* Edit /usr/lib/binkley/binkley.cfg changing the value of the line
|
|||
|
BoxType to 3:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[...]
|
|||
|
BoxType 3
|
|||
|
[...]
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Previous Next Table of Contents Previous Next Table of Contents
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
6. Good bye and conclusion.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Well, that's all, have fun, and we'll read about us via fido.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Don't forget:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Send me comments, modifications you have to this soft, but send flames
|
|||
|
to /dev/null :-)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Bye,
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Manu
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Previous Next Table of Contents
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
"Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun! "
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Welcome to the Graphics Muse Set your browser to the width of the line
|
|||
|
below for best viewing.
|
|||
|
Copyright © 1996 by mjh
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Button Bar muse:
|
|||
|
1. v; to become absorbed in thought
|
|||
|
2. n; [ fr. Any of the nine sister goddesses of learning and the arts
|
|||
|
in Greek Mythology ]: a source of inspiration
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
W elcome to the Graphics Muse! Why a "muse"? Well, except for the
|
|||
|
sisters aspect, the above definitions are pretty much the way I'd
|
|||
|
describe my own interest in computer graphics: it keeps me deep in
|
|||
|
thought and it is a daily source of inspiration.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[Graphics Mews] [Musings] [Resources] indent T his column is dedicated
|
|||
|
to the use, creation, distribution, and discussion of computer
|
|||
|
graphics tools for Linux systems. My first column, in the November
|
|||
|
issue of Linux Gazette, left something to be desired in both content
|
|||
|
and graphics. As one reader pointed out, I didn't even follow my own
|
|||
|
guideline for making background images. Well, it looked good on my
|
|||
|
system at home. The problem was one of poor time management on my
|
|||
|
part. I finished up the chapters of a web server book I'm co-authoring
|
|||
|
at the end of September, so I had more time to work on this months
|
|||
|
column. Hopefully the format is cleaner and the content more
|
|||
|
informative.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
indent And, in the future, I'll try to follow my own guidelines.
|
|||
|
vertical space Graphics Mews
|
|||
|
Disclaimer: Before I get too far into this I should note that any of
|
|||
|
the news items I post in this section are just that - news. Either I
|
|||
|
happened to run across them via some mailing list I was on, via some
|
|||
|
Usenet newsgroup, or via email from someone. I'm not necessarily
|
|||
|
endorsing these products (some of which may be commercial), I'm just
|
|||
|
letting you know I'd heard about them in the past month. indent
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
New version of Pro MovieStudio driver available on Sunsite archives
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
indent Wolfgang Koehler has released the 3.0 version of his
|
|||
|
PMS-grabber package to the sunsite archives. This package provides a
|
|||
|
driver and X application for grabbing frames from the Pro MovieStudio
|
|||
|
(aka PMS) adapter by Mediavision. Depending on when it is migrated to
|
|||
|
its final resting place, the package can be obtained either from
|
|||
|
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/incoming or
|
|||
|
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/video. indent indent
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ImageMagick Library updated
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
indent A New revision of the ImageMagick Library, version 3.7.7, was
|
|||
|
released this past month. indent
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Netscape Tcl Plugin released
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
indent The Tcl Plugin 1.0 was also released this past month. This is
|
|||
|
a Netscape plugin that allows web page authors to write Tcl based
|
|||
|
applets for your web pages. indent indent
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Digigami looking for testers for MovieScreamer tool
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
indent There is now a conversion tool for creating Quicktime videos.
|
|||
|
Digigami is looking for Unix Webmasters to be Beta testers for its
|
|||
|
MovieScreamer multi-platform, 'Fast-Start' publishing and conversion
|
|||
|
tool for QuickTime(tm) movies. 'Fast-Start' QuickTime movies are
|
|||
|
standard 'flattened' movie files that have been 're-organized' for
|
|||
|
playback over the Internet (or corporate Intranets). indent indent
|
|||
|
indent
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Did you know?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
indent indent There is a font archive, complete with sample
|
|||
|
renderings of the fonts, available at
|
|||
|
http://www.ora.com/homepages/comp.fonts/ifa/os2cdrom/index.htm? The
|
|||
|
ftp site for the fonts is at ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/os2/fonts/.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
indent A large list of general graphics information is available at
|
|||
|
ftp://x2ftp.oulu.fi/pub/msdos/programming/. Look under /theory,
|
|||
|
/math, /faq and a host of other subdirectories. There is a lot to wade
|
|||
|
through, but just about all of it has some value, including
|
|||
|
information on shading and object sorting.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
indent The Bare Bones Guide to HTML is a useful resource for people
|
|||
|
who need to find the correct HTML syntax for HTML 3.0 or Netscape
|
|||
|
based web pages. indent indent indent
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Musings
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
O'Reilly releases The Linux Multimedia Guide.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
indent I recently picked up my copy of The Linux Multimedia Guide by
|
|||
|
Jeff Tranter. This text covers a wide range of material related to the
|
|||
|
creation and use of multimedia files with respect to the Linux
|
|||
|
operating system. The text is approximately 350 pages, including
|
|||
|
source code listings for a number of sample multimedia applications
|
|||
|
which are discussed in one chapter of the book. As usual, O'Reilly
|
|||
|
provides copies of the source from their ftp site.
|
|||
|
indent When I first found out about this book I thought "Rats, Jeff
|
|||
|
beat me too it." Much of what Jeff covers is listed in my own Linux
|
|||
|
Graphics mini-Howto. However, there are quite a number of items not
|
|||
|
covered by the LGH (as I call it), such as audio, a bit more detail
|
|||
|
about video formats and tools, and programming considerations for
|
|||
|
various hardware (CD-ROMs, joysticks, and sound devices), which make
|
|||
|
the Linux Multimedia Guide a good addition to the O'Reilly family of
|
|||
|
Unix books.
|
|||
|
indent The text is divided into 5 sections:
|
|||
|
1. Introduction to Multimedia
|
|||
|
2. User's Guide
|
|||
|
3. A Survey of Multimedia Applications
|
|||
|
4. Multimedia Programmer's Guide
|
|||
|
5. Appendices
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The first section introduces the reader to the various concepts
|
|||
|
involved with multimedia such as the CD-ROMs, image file formats, and
|
|||
|
sound files. The chapters here are generally brief but the one on
|
|||
|
audio is quite informative. There is a discussion on audio file
|
|||
|
formats as well as a comparison of a few of the popular sound cards
|
|||
|
available for Linux.
|
|||
|
indent Section two opens with a discussion on hardware requirements
|
|||
|
for doing multimedia on Linux systems. Most of this section centers on
|
|||
|
either the CD-ROM driver or the Linux Sound Driver (now known as OSS).
|
|||
|
There is also a short chapter on the joystick driver.
|
|||
|
indent The second longest section, A Survey of Multimedia
|
|||
|
Applications, covers applications for the various forms of multimedia.
|
|||
|
There are chapters on sound and music applications, graphics and
|
|||
|
animations applications, hypermedia applications, and games. The last
|
|||
|
chapter, on games, seems a bit out of place. There are games
|
|||
|
implemented as network applications using Java, JavaScript and the new
|
|||
|
Tcl/Tk plug-in for Netscape but this chapter doesn't cover these. This
|
|||
|
section is very similar to the LGH in that the chapters provide the
|
|||
|
program names and URLs associated with them (if any). The number of
|
|||
|
items covered is less than the LGH, but there are better descriptions
|
|||
|
of the applications in the book.
|
|||
|
indent Chapter fourteen opens the fourth section, the Multimedia
|
|||
|
Programmer's Guide. This section is the longest in the book and covers
|
|||
|
all the devices discussed earlier. Other chapters in this section
|
|||
|
cover some of the available toolkits available to multimedia
|
|||
|
developers. There is one chapter which contains three sample
|
|||
|
applications.
|
|||
|
indent In general I find the Linux Multimedia Guide a good reference
|
|||
|
text with a moderate degree of developer tutorials. Unlike many of the
|
|||
|
books available for Linux this text provides detailed explanation on
|
|||
|
the various programming interfaces, a useful tool beyond the simple
|
|||
|
"what is this and where do I get it" that many of the Howto's provide.
|
|||
|
The only drawback that I can see is that, like most of other Linux
|
|||
|
texts, this text does not provide a users perspective on any of the
|
|||
|
tools listed. If Linux is to ever go beyond a developer's-only
|
|||
|
platform there will need to be detailed users guides for the various
|
|||
|
well known applications. indent indent indent
|
|||
|
More Musings...
|
|||
|
* Creating GIF Animations
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
indent indent indent
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Textural Creations
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
indent N ot long ago I got email from a reader of my Unix Graphics
|
|||
|
Utilities page asking this:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I am just getting into the graphics scene and I have POV-Ray (for
|
|||
|
linux) and a few other programs. I know how to create an image with
|
|||
|
a modeller but how do apply texture and color to it?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
My answer was simple enough: It depends on what modeller you use and
|
|||
|
what renderer you use. POV-Ray for Linux doesn't have a modeller. You
|
|||
|
have to feed it a text file which contains both shapes and textures
|
|||
|
and POV-Ray will render (draw) it. There are 4 modellers that I know
|
|||
|
of for Linux: AC3D, AMAPI, SCED, and Midnight Modeller. SCED allows
|
|||
|
you to preview your image using various renderers. AC3D has a built in
|
|||
|
renderer, as does AMAPI. All three will output files that can be used
|
|||
|
by a number of renderers (such as POV-Ray, Radiance, PolyRay, RIB
|
|||
|
formats, etc). Modellers create shapes that are independent of the
|
|||
|
tools used to render the image.
|
|||
|
indent Modellers are great for creating shapes, but the textures
|
|||
|
applied to those shapes depend on what renderer you use. POV-Ray has
|
|||
|
its own set of commands that it uses for determining how a texture
|
|||
|
will look on an object in a scene. Commands for creating textures are
|
|||
|
different for other systems, like the procedural language (an actual
|
|||
|
programming language) used by BMRT (which conforms to the Renderman
|
|||
|
specification - i.e. the formats used by Pixar and their tools).
|
|||
|
indent So, the answer to the question is: it depends on what renderer
|
|||
|
you use. For POV-Ray you need to learn the command syntax for
|
|||
|
describing textures. If you can find a copy, pick up "Ray Tracing
|
|||
|
Creations" 2nd edition by Chris Young and Drew Wells. It may be out of
|
|||
|
print. This text has a good reference for the 2.2 version of POV-Ray.
|
|||
|
Although the texture commands were expanded for the 3.0 version, you
|
|||
|
can still create 2.2 based textures by providing the "#version 2.2"
|
|||
|
command in your POV-Ray source file. In this way you have a handy
|
|||
|
reference for learning how to create textures in POV-Ray. You still
|
|||
|
have to do this by hand, though. I've heard rumors that there may be a
|
|||
|
3.0 text eventually, but I don't have any word if that is true or not.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
indent As far as setting the textures from within the modeller, well,
|
|||
|
I don't think any of the modellers do that for you. You still have to
|
|||
|
manually set the textures (SCED allows you to do so from within the
|
|||
|
modeller, but I'm not sure the others do) using the command language
|
|||
|
of the particular renderer you're using. The reason for this goes back
|
|||
|
to what I said earlier: the format of the texture commands depends on
|
|||
|
what renderer you use.
|
|||
|
indent Its best to think of modelling and rendering as two separate
|
|||
|
tasks. If you want to preview your models you still need to run the
|
|||
|
renderers separately (except for SCED which will launch the renderer
|
|||
|
for you, but its still a separate program - the renderer is not part
|
|||
|
of the modeller).
|
|||
|
indent I know this is confusing. It was for me too. In fact, I gave up
|
|||
|
on modellers and now create my images by hand (I use vi to edit the
|
|||
|
.pov and .inc input files for POV-Ray). I've only recently started to
|
|||
|
look seriously again at modellers.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Resources
|
|||
|
The following links are just starting points for finding more
|
|||
|
information about computer graphics and multimedia in general for
|
|||
|
Linux systems. If you have some application specific information for
|
|||
|
me, I'll add them to my other pages or you can contact the maintainer
|
|||
|
of some other web site. I'll consider adding other general references
|
|||
|
here, but application or site specific information needs to go into
|
|||
|
one of the following general references and not listed here.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Linux Graphics mini-Howto
|
|||
|
Unix Graphics Utilities
|
|||
|
Linux Multimedia Page
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Future Directions
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Next month:
|
|||
|
* What I use the Gimp for - a users story
|
|||
|
* The IRTC - A raytracing competition for the fun of it
|
|||
|
* Review: The AC3D Modeller
|
|||
|
* Book Review: Jim Blinn's Corner - A Trip Down the Graphics
|
|||
|
Pipeline
|
|||
|
* ...and lots more!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Let me know what you'd like to hear about!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Copyright © 1996, Michael J. Hammel
|
|||
|
Published in Issue 12 of the Linux Gazette
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ] [ FRONT PAGE ] Back Next
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
More...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Musings
|
|||
|
* Creating GIF Animations
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
indent
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Creating GIF Animations
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
indent Recently, while working on a text on Unix web servers, I was
|
|||
|
tasked with writing about multimedia applications. During my research
|
|||
|
on this subject I discovered a little known fact about the GIF image
|
|||
|
file format: it supports multiple images in a single file which can be
|
|||
|
used to create animations. Creating GIF images is fairly simple. There
|
|||
|
a number of tools available for Linux systems that can either create
|
|||
|
new GIF images or convert image files in other formats to the GIF
|
|||
|
format. Tools such as the Gimp or XPaint can be used to create images
|
|||
|
while xv or the NetPBM tools can be used to convert images from other
|
|||
|
formats.
|
|||
|
indent In order to create a GIF animation you must first create a
|
|||
|
series of GIF images. These images make up the frames of the
|
|||
|
animation, much like cell animations make up a cartoon (although there
|
|||
|
is no reason why your GIF files can't be converted from 3D images such
|
|||
|
as those created with POV-Ray or BMRT). The animation only plays as
|
|||
|
fast the the host machines ability to read, decode and display the
|
|||
|
individual frames. On older 486 systems this might be a problem so its
|
|||
|
wise to keep your images small. For GIF images this means keeping the
|
|||
|
dimensions (height and width) of the animation small. You should also
|
|||
|
consider how jumpy you want the animation to be. Small amounts of
|
|||
|
movement of objects from frame to frame will reduce the jumpiness of
|
|||
|
the overall animation, but it also can significantly increase the
|
|||
|
overall size of the GIF file. Since Netscape (the only browser that I
|
|||
|
know of that currently supports this type of animation) tries to load
|
|||
|
the entire GIF file before it begins playing the animation it would be
|
|||
|
wise to consider keeping the file size small.
|
|||
|
indent Once you have the individual frames created, you'll need to put
|
|||
|
them all into a single GIF file. You can use a nifty little tool
|
|||
|
called WhirlGIF to do this. WhirlGIF is a command line tool (no GUI)
|
|||
|
that concatenates the series of GIF images into a single GIF image and
|
|||
|
configures the GIF header so that Netscape will know how to play the
|
|||
|
animation. The GIF header allows for a number of options, including
|
|||
|
some that are Netscape specific (Netscape didn't create their own
|
|||
|
format - the GIF format allows for application specific extensions).
|
|||
|
You can provide the number of times to loop the animation and the
|
|||
|
delay time to use between frames (which can be used to slow down and
|
|||
|
animation if so desired).
|
|||
|
indent There is a terrific page devoted to GIF animations at
|
|||
|
http://members.aol.com/royalef/gifanim.htm. This page is not Linux
|
|||
|
(or Unix) specific, but it does include pointers to WhirlGIF and the
|
|||
|
information in a number of the pages there are very applicable to
|
|||
|
creating GIF animations on Linux systems.
|
|||
|
indent
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Copyright © 1996, Michael J. Hammel
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Published in Issue 12 of the Linux Gazette
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
"Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun! "
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
InfoZIP Archive Utilities
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
By Robert G. "Doc" Savage, dsavage@accessus.net
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I'm a big fan of utilities. When I saw that CND/RHS were distributed
|
|||
|
with older versions of the InfoZIP zip/unzip suite of archive
|
|||
|
utilities, I made upgrading them my first Linux project. It turned out
|
|||
|
to be a little bit more complicated than I thought it would be.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I especially wanted to add in the DES encryption modules to zip/unzip
|
|||
|
so they would be 100% file compatible with PKWare's archivers for
|
|||
|
MS-DOS. U.S. State Department rules make it difficult to implement
|
|||
|
this as an RPM, so I decided to do it as a classic shell script. The
|
|||
|
end user will have to ftp the source code (especially the DES code
|
|||
|
module) from the site specified in the script.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
_________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Script #1:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
# undatezip reverses updatezip and restores a Caldera Network Desktop v1.0 or
|
|||
|
# Red Hat Software v2.1/v3.0.3 InfoZIP suite installation to its original zip
|
|||
|
# v2.01 and unzip v5.12 configuration. This should only be necessary if you
|
|||
|
# need to upgrade from a pristine as-installed configuration.
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
# original versions >>updatezip >>> new versions
|
|||
|
# without encryption
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Script #2:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
# updatezip is a shell script for Caldera Network Desktop v1.0 or Red Hat
|
|||
|
# Software's v2.1/v3.0.3 distributions to upgrade the InfoZIP utilities unzip
|
|||
|
# from v5.12 to v5.2, and zip from v2.01 to v2.1. It also adds the zcrypt DES
|
|||
|
# encryption module not provided in the RHS (or any other) distribution.
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
# To undo this upgrade and restore a CND v1.0 or RHS v2.1/v3.0.3 installation
|
|||
|
# to its original zip/unzip configuration, run the companion file undatezip.
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
# original versions >>updatezip >>> new versions
|
|||
|
# without encryption :
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
# unzip52.zip
|
|||
|
# zcrypt26.zip
|
|||
|
# zip21.zip
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
# Copy them and updatezip to a safe directory (suggest root's home directory
|
|||
|
# /root). Use 'chmod 700 updatezip' to make it executable, then run it.
|
|||
|
# Execution time is slightly over four minutes on a DX4/100 system with 28M
|
|||
|
# of RAM, a 32-bit EISA host adapter, and an older SCSI-1(CCS) hard drive.
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
# IMPORTANT
|
|||
|
# ---------
|
|||
|
# Caldera Network Desktop 1.0, when first installed, is missing an important
|
|||
|
# file required to compile certain programs. The following lines create (or
|
|||
|
# recreate) this missing file. This script will fail without it.
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
cd /usr/src/linux
|
|||
|
make include/linux/version.h
|
|||
|
cd
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
# Section 1. Create the working directory and extract all required files.
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
mkdir /scratch
|
|||
|
cp unzip52.zip /scratch
|
|||
|
cp zcrypt26.zip /scratch
|
|||
|
cp zip21.zip /scratch
|
|||
|
cd /scratch
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
# Section 2. Compile unzip first, then zip
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
unzip unzip52
|
|||
|
unzip -o zcrypt26 # -o forces overwrite of stub files
|
|||
|
cp -f ./unix/Makefile .
|
|||
|
make generic
|
|||
|
rm -f *.o # clean-up before next compile round
|
|||
|
unzip -o zip21
|
|||
|
unzip -o zcrypt26
|
|||
|
cp -f ./unix/Makefile .
|
|||
|
make generic_gcc
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
# Section 3. Install new versions of the zip/unzip suite. Preserve the
|
|||
|
# existing executables and man files first. Use soft links to point
|
|||
|
# to the new versions.
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
cd /usr/bin
|
|||
|
mv funzip funzip383.export
|
|||
|
mv unzip unzip512.export
|
|||
|
mv unzipsfx unzipsfx512.export
|
|||
|
mv zip zip201.export
|
|||
|
mv zipcloak zipcloak201.export
|
|||
|
mv zipinfo zipinfo202.export
|
|||
|
mv zipnote zipnote201.export
|
|||
|
mv zipsplit zipsplit201.export
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
cd /usr/man/man1
|
|||
|
mv funzip.1 funzip383.1
|
|||
|
mv unzip.1 unzip512.1
|
|||
|
mv unzipsfx.1 unzipsfx512.1
|
|||
|
mv zip.1 zip201.1
|
|||
|
# note there is no zipgrep.1 in this distribution
|
|||
|
mv zipinfo.1 zipinfo202.1
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
cd /usr/bin
|
|||
|
mv /scratch/funzip funzip39.encrypt
|
|||
|
mv /scratch/unzip unzip52.encrypt
|
|||
|
mv /scratch/unzipsfx unzipsfx52.encrypt
|
|||
|
mv /scratch/zip zip21.encrypt
|
|||
|
mv /scratch/zipcloak zipcloak21.encrypt
|
|||
|
mv /scratch/unix/zipgrep zipgrep21.encrypt
|
|||
|
mv /scratch/zipnote zipnote21.encrypt
|
|||
|
mv /scratch/zipsplit zipsplit21.encrypt
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
cd /usr/man/man1
|
|||
|
mv /scratch/unix/funzip.1 funzip39.1
|
|||
|
mv /scratch/unix/unzip.1 unzip52.1
|
|||
|
mv /scratch/unix/unzipsfx.1 unzipsfx52.1
|
|||
|
mv /scratch/man/zip.1 zip21.1
|
|||
|
mv /scratch/man/zipgrep.1 zipgrep21.1
|
|||
|
mv /scratch/unix/zipinfo.1 zipinfo21.1
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
# Now establish the soft links
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
ln -s funzip39.1 funzip.1
|
|||
|
ln -s unzip52.1 unzip.1
|
|||
|
ln -s unzipsfx52.1 unzipsfx.1
|
|||
|
ln -s zip21.1 zip.1
|
|||
|
ln -s zip.1 zipcloak.1 # remember, zip.1 is
|
|||
|
ln -s zipgrep21.1 zipgrep.1
|
|||
|
ln -s zipinfo21.1 zipinfo.1
|
|||
|
ln -s zip.1 zipnote.1 # already soft-linked
|
|||
|
ln -s zip.1 zipsplit.1 # to zip21.1
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
cd /usr/bin
|
|||
|
ln -s funzip39.encrypt funzip
|
|||
|
ln -s unzip52.encrypt unzip
|
|||
|
ln -s unzipsfx52.encrypt unzipsfx
|
|||
|
ln -s zip21.encrypt zip
|
|||
|
ln -s zipcloak21.encrypt zipcloak
|
|||
|
ln -s zipgrep21.encrypt zipgrep
|
|||
|
ln -s unzip52.encrypt zipinfo # a special link
|
|||
|
ln -s zipnote21.encrypt zipnote
|
|||
|
ln -s zipsplit21.encrypt zipsplit
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
# Section 4. Clean up the leftovers.
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
cd # go to your home directory
|
|||
|
rm -rf /scratch # nothing worth saving in the scratch directory
|
|||
|
hash -r # re-sync the paths
|
|||
|
#
|
|||
|
# That's it...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--Doc Savage, Sr. Network Engineer, I-NET, Inc.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Copyright © 1996, Robert G. Savage
|
|||
|
Published in Issue 12 of the Linux Gazette
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ]
|
|||
|
[ FRONT PAGE ]
|
|||
|
Back
|
|||
|
Next
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
"Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun! "
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
SLANG APPLICATIONS FOR LINUX
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
by Larry Ayers
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Copyright (c) 1996
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Published in Issue 12 of the Linux Gazette
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
INTRODUCTION
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
John E. Davis of the Center for Space Research at MIT has written an
|
|||
|
interpreted programming language called Slang, which has a C-like syntax. He
|
|||
|
has written several programs using this language, including the slrn
|
|||
|
newsreader and the emacs-like Jed editor. Lately a few other programmers have
|
|||
|
begun to make use of Slang; one reason for this is that Slang allows the use
|
|||
|
of color in a text-mode program which will display equally well in an rxvt
|
|||
|
window under X.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Applications which are linked with the Slang library always seem to be
|
|||
|
text-mode programs. Typically Linux text-mode applications use the ncurses
|
|||
|
library to handle screen display. Ncurses enables the use of menus, a certain
|
|||
|
amount of color, and a more complex screen layout. These traits don't always
|
|||
|
translate well into an X-Windows environment; i.e. running in an xterm or rxvt
|
|||
|
window. If an application is linked with the Slang library instead its
|
|||
|
behavior is more consistent between the console and X sessions, especially
|
|||
|
when started from an rxvt window.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
AN ASIDE CONCERNING RXVT AND XTERM
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I get the impression that the xterm terminal emulator is used more commonly
|
|||
|
than rxvt, though this may be due more to tradition than innate
|
|||
|
superiority. Rxvt has been revised several times recently and in its current
|
|||
|
form (version 2.19) has much to recommend it. One feature which I appreciate
|
|||
|
is that it's memory usage is much lower than that of xterm. Rxvt handles
|
|||
|
color requests well, both background/foreground specifications and
|
|||
|
extension-specific colorization such as "color-ls". The most recent version
|
|||
|
even allows the use of Xpm images as background, similar to a web-page, though
|
|||
|
as with a web-page a background image would have to be carefully chosen so as
|
|||
|
not to obscure the text.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Some xterm variants make use of color, but some don't. I find the
|
|||
|
plenitude of xterms and color-xterms rather confusing; it's hard to tell just
|
|||
|
which ones you have, and they vary from distribution to distribution. Then
|
|||
|
there is xterm's Tektronix compatibility, which I've never seen a use for.
|
|||
|
Reading the xterm man page I get the impression that xterm was developed for
|
|||
|
older mainframe-and-terminal systems.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
APPLICATIONS WHICH USE SLANG
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1. Slrn is a fast, high quality news-reader which supports threading
|
|||
|
of messages, decoding of MIME attachments, and has the ability to
|
|||
|
tell a web-browser to load a URL contained within a message. It
|
|||
|
has many other features and options; it is one of John Davis's
|
|||
|
programs and he actively supports it in the newsgroup
|
|||
|
news.software.readers.
|
|||
|
2. Lynx, the text-mode web-browser, looks less archaic when compiled
|
|||
|
with Slang support. If you can't see the images on a page, at
|
|||
|
least the text elements and background can be nicely colored!
|
|||
|
3. Jed, John Davis's emacs-like editor, is surprisingly capable
|
|||
|
considering it is a fraction of the size of any real emacs. If
|
|||
|
you've ever hesitated to start up Gnu Emacs or Xemacs just to read
|
|||
|
an info page, try Jed; it reads them just as well and is quicker
|
|||
|
to invoke. Jed has syntax-highlighting for a variety of file
|
|||
|
types.
|
|||
|
4. The Midnight Commander, the exemplary text-mode file-manager, now
|
|||
|
includes enough of the Slang files in its source distribution to
|
|||
|
compile with Slang screen management without Slang libraries on
|
|||
|
your system. Slang is the default in recent versions of MC and the
|
|||
|
two are well-matched.
|
|||
|
5. Minicom is available in a binary, Slang-enabled version at
|
|||
|
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu. Color really makes this classic comm
|
|||
|
program more usable, especially in an rxvt window.
|
|||
|
6. The Mutt mail program is an interesting offshoot of Elm
|
|||
|
development which is well on its way toward becoming an
|
|||
|
alternative to Pine and Elm. Slang is listed as an alternative to
|
|||
|
ncurses in the pre-compilation configure script options, but I
|
|||
|
can't say how well it works as it will only successfully compile
|
|||
|
with ncurses on my system.
|
|||
|
7. Dosemu, though still dubbed an alpha version by the development
|
|||
|
team, is remarkably stable and useful. Recently I compiled the
|
|||
|
latest version (I had been using an old RPM version) and was
|
|||
|
surprised to see that the configure script looks for the Slang
|
|||
|
library. After the compilation I ran ldd against the dos binary
|
|||
|
and found that it is dynamically linked with the Slang library.
|
|||
|
Interesting! I looked through the source code and docs to see if
|
|||
|
there was any information on Dosemu's use of Slang, but finally
|
|||
|
gave up. You could spend days wandering around the Byzantine
|
|||
|
directory hierarchy of Dosemu!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I'm sure as the benefits of Slang become more widely known we shall see
|
|||
|
more text-mode applications with Slang support included. There very well be
|
|||
|
others than the above-listed out there; these are just the ones I've run
|
|||
|
across.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
AVAILABILITY
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Precompiled binaries for slrn, lynx, and the Jed editor (with Slang
|
|||
|
statically linked, I assume) are available at ftp://sunsite.unc.edu and its
|
|||
|
mirrors . I used these for some time, but recently I obtained the source for
|
|||
|
Slang and compiled a shared library. The advantage of this approach is that
|
|||
|
you can compile binaries which dynamically link the Slang library at runtime.
|
|||
|
Your executables will be smaller, and one shared library can service any
|
|||
|
number of Slang-using applications. Another advantage to obtaining the source
|
|||
|
distributions is that you'll end up with more documentation.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
John E. Davis's creations (slrn, Jed, and the Slang sources) are available
|
|||
|
at their MIT home site. The most
|
|||
|
recent versions, as well as beta versions, can be found there.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This Mexican site is
|
|||
|
the source for the most recent versions of the Midnight Commander, as well as
|
|||
|
rxvt.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Beta versions (which seem stable to me) of Michael Elkins' Mutt mail
|
|||
|
program are available from this FTP
|
|||
|
site. Maybe you can get it to compile with Slang!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Lynx binaries with Slang support can be found at sunsite and its mirrors.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The source for the latest and greatest of the Dosemu releases can be found
|
|||
|
at the tsx-11 FTP
|
|||
|
site. (Version 0.64.1 was released in November).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you're like me and work at the console often, you'll find it's nice to
|
|||
|
have applications available which work well (and look good!) in an X session
|
|||
|
too. I think you will be pleased with the high quality and low memory
|
|||
|
usage of the above-listed apps.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Larry Ayers<layers@vax2.rain.gen.mo.us>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Last modified: Thu Nov 21 13:43:51 CST 1996
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ]
|
|||
|
[ FRONT PAGE ]
|
|||
|
Back
|
|||
|
Next
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
"Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun! "
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
|
|||
|
UPDATES TO MY PAST REVIEWS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
by Larry Ayers
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Copyright (c) 1996
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Published in Issue 12 of the Linux Gazette
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I've been writing these short reviews and other articles for the Gazette
|
|||
|
since issue number seven. Even with the short lead time inherent in a
|
|||
|
WWW-based publication it seems like new releases and URL changes often happen
|
|||
|
right after I submit an article. The status of several of the programs has
|
|||
|
changed since I wrote of them, so I thought I'd take this opportunity to list
|
|||
|
some of these changes.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
By the way, I appreciate all of the email I've received in response to my
|
|||
|
articles; feel free to write if you have any comments or criticism.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Moxfm hasn't been updated since version 1.00 was released several
|
|||
|
months ago, but it's working well in the current version. I've
|
|||
|
included it here because I've received several e-mail messages
|
|||
|
stating that the URL in the article wasn't working. The current
|
|||
|
URL of the Moxfm home page is http://sugra.desy.de/user/mai/moxfm.
|
|||
|
The source and binaries are in uuencoded form; just let them
|
|||
|
display on the screen of a web-browser, save them to a file, then
|
|||
|
run "uudecode filename.uue".
|
|||
|
* TkDesk has been through several versions since I wrote of it; the
|
|||
|
current one is 1.0b3, released on Sept.25, 1996. There are many
|
|||
|
new features; one which I use often is a file pop-up menu-item
|
|||
|
which hands the file over to a running Xemacs on another desktop.
|
|||
|
There is a similar capability involving HTML files and Netscape
|
|||
|
(or another browser). Check out the TkDesk web-page for the latest
|
|||
|
news.
|
|||
|
* FileRunner has been developing rapidly in the past few months.
|
|||
|
It's current version is 2.1.1, and many refinements have been
|
|||
|
made. It's FTP capabilities have been greatly improved; FTP
|
|||
|
downloads can now run as a background process, and directories can
|
|||
|
be displayed date-ordered. Remote FTP directories can be saved as
|
|||
|
bookmarks (accessible from a menu). Many configuration options
|
|||
|
have been added as well. The built-in shell windows which follow
|
|||
|
you from directory to directory are very handy. They allow you to
|
|||
|
see the output of non-interactive commands (such as compilation)
|
|||
|
and can be dismissed when not needed. There is a FileRunner
|
|||
|
web-page from which the source can be obtained, as well as from
|
|||
|
the Sunsite archive..
|
|||
|
* Elvis has finally made it to a major release; version 2.00 was
|
|||
|
announced recently. It's available from its official site. Elvis
|
|||
|
is remarkable for the small size of the compiled binary,
|
|||
|
considering how powerful an editor it is. Elvis's ability to
|
|||
|
display HTML in a readable form meshes well with the HTML format
|
|||
|
of the extensive help files.
|
|||
|
* Vile has a new official maintainer; Paul Fox has handed over the
|
|||
|
reins to another of the primary Vile developers, Thomas Dickey.
|
|||
|
Version 6.2 was released recently. For some reason Vile doesn't
|
|||
|
seem to be as popular as Vim and Elvis (judging by news-group
|
|||
|
postings). I urge anyone who favors vi-style editors to give it a
|
|||
|
try; it really grows on you. Vile's new official release site is
|
|||
|
ftp://ftp.clark.net/pub/dickey/vile
|
|||
|
* XaoS in its current release (1.2) has a new feature which
|
|||
|
increases its usability for those running X with more than 256
|
|||
|
colors: it'll run! Previous releases only worked on 8-bit
|
|||
|
displays.
|
|||
|
* Yodl version 1.08 has been released; it's mainly a "small-bug-fix"
|
|||
|
release, i.e. if a previous version does what you want, you
|
|||
|
probably don't need it. It's at sunsite.
|
|||
|
* Procmeter has been updated to version 2.2; changes include a
|
|||
|
choice of solid or bar-type graphing, and refinement of network
|
|||
|
packet transfer display.
|
|||
|
* Xmosaic development has slowed since my review. The powers-that-be
|
|||
|
at the University of Illinois have decided that Xmosaic will be
|
|||
|
the second, rather than the first, GTK (Graphics ToolKit) client
|
|||
|
to be developed.The GTK is a programming toolkit which will take
|
|||
|
the place of Motif in Xmosaic. Scott Powers, Xmosaic's project
|
|||
|
leader, stated in a message to the mailing list that development
|
|||
|
will resume in a couple of months. The up side to this news is
|
|||
|
that the GTK is the "hard part", so that once work resumes on
|
|||
|
Xmosaic development progress should be rapid.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Larry Ayers<layers@vax2.rain.gen.mo.us>
|
|||
|
Last modified: Wed Nov 20 17:41:22 CST 1996
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ]
|
|||
|
[ FRONT PAGE ]
|
|||
|
Back
|
|||
|
Next
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
"Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun! "
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
THE YARD RESCUE DISK PACKAGE
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
by Larry Ayers
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Copyright (c) 1996
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Published in Issue 12 of the Linux Gazette
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
INTRODUCTION
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
It is a common practice to use the rescue/boot disks supplied with a Linux
|
|||
|
distribution if filesystem problems occur and you need to boot from a floppy.
|
|||
|
Typically these disks consist of a bootable compressed kernel on disk 1, with
|
|||
|
the second disk containing basic maintenance tools such as fsck.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
On the few occasions I've had to boot from such disks the transition from
|
|||
|
my familiar Linux environment to the bare-essentials, limited boot-disk system
|
|||
|
(constrained by the size of a floppy disk) has been disconcerting, to say the
|
|||
|
least. Typically if an editor is available it's a small one with which I've
|
|||
|
never worked, and many of the tools I'm used to having around aren't there.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Recently Tom Fawcett has been
|
|||
|
refining a suite of customizable Perl scripts which make the creation of
|
|||
|
boot-disks from scratch easier. YARD (for Yet Another Rescue Disk) makes use
|
|||
|
of (and requires) the optional Linux kernel compressed ramdisk option, which
|
|||
|
allows you to load a compressed disk image into memory at boot-up. Paul
|
|||
|
Gortmaker has written a lucid explanation of the new ramdisk options in the
|
|||
|
file "ramdisk.txt", which is in the Documentation subdirectory of recent
|
|||
|
kernel source releases.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
INSTALLATION AND USAGE
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The Yard distribution contains two files which need to be edited as a first
|
|||
|
step. Config.pl is a Perl script which sets such preferences as the
|
|||
|
type of floppy you're using and whether you are making a single boot-disk or a
|
|||
|
double. The Bootdisk_Contents file contains a list of all of the files
|
|||
|
and utilities you would like on your disk(s). This file needs to be edited
|
|||
|
heavily, as it includes much more than will fit on even two disks. Anything
|
|||
|
you like can be included in this file.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The next step is to run the Perl script make_root_fs. This script
|
|||
|
gathers up all of the files you've specified (as well as all libraries upon
|
|||
|
which they depend) and constructs a root filesystem upon whichever device was
|
|||
|
specified in the Config.pl script. A ramdisk works well. The new
|
|||
|
filesystem is then compressed with gzip into a single file in your /tmp
|
|||
|
directory. Once this process is complete yet another Perl script,
|
|||
|
check_root_fs is run, which makes sure that all needed
|
|||
|
libraries,etc. are present.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
After all of this preparation you're ready to actually write the rescue
|
|||
|
disks; here's where you find out if you've attempted to cram too much into
|
|||
|
them. The write_rescue_disk script first copies your compressed kernel
|
|||
|
(vmlinuz) onto the disk (the first disk if it's a two-disk set) and then
|
|||
|
copies the compressed filesystem image you've constructed onto whatever is
|
|||
|
left. It took me several tries to pare down what I wanted Initially on the
|
|||
|
disks to what would actually fit. The virtue of the Yard system is that all
|
|||
|
you need to do to try again is re-edit the Bootdisk_Contents file and
|
|||
|
re-make the filesystem. Yard also writes log-files which can be helpful in
|
|||
|
diagnosing problems.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Modular kernels are great, but if you boot a kernel image and a capability
|
|||
|
you need is a demand-loaded module you're out of luck. Yard sidesteps this
|
|||
|
potential problem by including your modules directory in the compressed
|
|||
|
filesystem, as well as making sure that the kernel-daemon /sbin/kerneld is
|
|||
|
started at boot-up.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The result of this process is a customized miniature Linux system. It's a
|
|||
|
nice feeling to know that if your filesystem is in shambles due to a power
|
|||
|
outage or a beta program run amuck that you at least have familiar tools
|
|||
|
available.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Once you've managed to edit a set of Yard configuration files which will
|
|||
|
successfully write working rescue disks, consider saving copies of these files
|
|||
|
in case the disks become corrupted. I just replaced the supplied files with
|
|||
|
my edited copies, then tarred and gzipped the Yard distribution and saved it
|
|||
|
to floppy.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
CAVEATS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Yard gives you the option of using or not using Lilo to boot your disks. I
|
|||
|
first tried Yard with Lilo, as Lilo has always worked well for me. It
|
|||
|
wouldn't work with my Yard disks, so I disabled that option. I'm using an old
|
|||
|
version of Lilo, left over from my original Slackware 3.00 Linux installation,
|
|||
|
which may explain this failure. Yard works fine without it. Lilo might be
|
|||
|
necessary if you need to include parameters in order to boot your system, such
|
|||
|
as those required for some SCSI hard disks.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
AVAILABILITY
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Yard is available from the Yard
|
|||
|
home-page, as well as from the sunsite archive and its mirrors. It's well
|
|||
|
worth trying if you want the ultimate in control over just what is included on
|
|||
|
your rescue disks.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Larry Ayers<layers@vax2.rain.gen.mo.us>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Last modified: Wed Nov 20 09:21:50 CST 1996
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ]
|
|||
|
[ FRONT PAGE ]
|
|||
|
Back
|
|||
|
Next
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
"Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun! "
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
RECENT LINUX CONFERENCES
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
CONTENTS:
|
|||
|
* Unix Expo 1996, by Lydia Kinata
|
|||
|
* DECUS in Anaheim, by Phil Hughes
|
|||
|
* Open Systems World/FedUNIX, by Gary Moore
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Unix Expo 1996, October 8-10 in New York
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
By Lydia Kinata, linux@ssc.com
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This show was actually billed as Unix Expo Plus I^2--a nod to the
|
|||
|
increasing interest in all things NT and Internet. In fact, in
|
|||
|
1997 the show will no longer be called Unix Expo at all, it
|
|||
|
will be billed as IT Forum 97, Internet and Technology Forum.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Despite a preponderance of Internet and NT related vendors and
|
|||
|
seminars, (and the ubiquitous presence of Bill Gates), the show
|
|||
|
went very well for Linux Journal and SSC. Various
|
|||
|
disasters struck, notably the loss of half of our booth display
|
|||
|
by UPS, but all in all it was quite successful. With the
|
|||
|
exception of Caldera, all of us Linux-types were stuck off
|
|||
|
in the corner of the show room, but we were still
|
|||
|
swamped by happy Linux and Unix users who had specifically
|
|||
|
made the trek in support of their favorite OS. The show in general
|
|||
|
had a lower attendance than was expected by show management,
|
|||
|
but the Linux contingent were doing quite nicely anyway.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2,500 Linux Journal and 1,600 WEBsmith magazines
|
|||
|
were given away. Many people subscribed right there at the show,
|
|||
|
many others went away clutching their SSC Unix References or books
|
|||
|
with dazed-but-happy expressions. Those of us working the booth
|
|||
|
made lots of contacts, and I must say it was a great experience
|
|||
|
meeting subscribers and customers who share such enthusiasm
|
|||
|
for Unix and Linux. Those NT developers should take note:
|
|||
|
Unix users are a dedicated bunch.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
New York was a blast, although I had to laugh when the locals
|
|||
|
got panicky when a 'Nor-Easter' blew through. I had to say,
|
|||
|
"Come on, guys. It's just raining." They should come to Seattle
|
|||
|
some time.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--Lydia Kinata, SSC Products Specialist
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Copyright © 1996, Lydia Kinata
|
|||
|
Published in Issue 12 of the Linux Gazette
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
DECUS IN ANAHEIM
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
by Phil Hughes, phil@ssc.com
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
On November 11 through 13, Carlie Fairchild and I attended the
|
|||
|
DECUS show in Anaheim, California. While DECUS has generally been a
|
|||
|
good show for SSC, this show was small and we were the only Linux
|
|||
|
vendor attending. The best guess why is with UseLinux coming up in
|
|||
|
the same place in January, it was an easy show for people--vendors as
|
|||
|
well as Linux-heads--to skip.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
There was a series of talks on Linux presented by Jon
|
|||
|
"maddog" Hall and myself. Attendance was between 20 and
|
|||
|
50, and I think we managed to make some converts.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Carlie had also arranged for to speak to the local Linux user's
|
|||
|
group on Wednesday night. About 25 attended (including
|
|||
|
"maddog"). I presented a talk called Looking at
|
|||
|
Linux. Much of this talk focused on the commercial viability of
|
|||
|
Linux, which was an issue many of the group's members had been
|
|||
|
attempting to address on their own. In the talk I stressed four
|
|||
|
criteria for commercial viability:
|
|||
|
* reliability,
|
|||
|
* interoperability,
|
|||
|
* support
|
|||
|
* and capabilities.
|
|||
|
The talk was well received and the meeting turned into a informal
|
|||
|
discussion of Linux in general. I look forward to talking with these
|
|||
|
people again during the UseLinux show.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--Phil Hughes, Publisher Linux Journal
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Copyright © 1996, Phil Hughes
|
|||
|
Published in Issue 12 of the Linux Gazette
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
OPEN SYSTEMS WORLD/FEDUNIX
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
by Gary Moore, ljeditor@ssc.com
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The first week of November, I went to Washington, D.C. to attend Open
|
|||
|
Systems World/FedUNIX. While several dedicated Linux fans came by the
|
|||
|
booth, most of the people I talked to knew very little about Linux. Some
|
|||
|
were just cruising the booths, collecting whatever anyone was giving away,
|
|||
|
but we don't mind--the literature they picked up may spark some real
|
|||
|
interest later on. (One show attendee, in addition to taking a few of
|
|||
|
whatever we had also took the neat twirly thing we'd acquired from another
|
|||
|
exhibitor's booth.)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Linux vendors in attendance were Yggdrasil Computing, InfoMagic,
|
|||
|
and Red Hat Software, giving me a chance to meet Adam Richter of
|
|||
|
Yggdrasil, Bob Young and Lisa Sullivan of Red Hat, and Henry Pierce
|
|||
|
and Greg Deeds of InfoMagic.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Adding credence to Linux's worth in the minds of those with no free
|
|||
|
software experience was Digital Equipment's display of a DEC Alpha
|
|||
|
running Linux and Maddog's enthusiasm for the operating system. (By
|
|||
|
the time I got over to actually see the machine, someone was
|
|||
|
demonstrating Quake on it. I sat down and showed him a couple things I
|
|||
|
remembered from playing Doom--it was kind of surreal to be
|
|||
|
sitting amidst all the professional frumpery of the show while
|
|||
|
virtually running around swinging a very large and lethal axe.)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Jeff Leyland of Wolfram Research, the makers of Mathematica, spoke
|
|||
|
about Wolfram switching to Linux as their development platform. There
|
|||
|
were other speakers I should have made time to hear, but I got caught up
|
|||
|
talking to people coming by our booth and asking about Linux. I know
|
|||
|
that after a few talks, the Linux booths would get flooded with people
|
|||
|
excited to check it out.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I also heard Ernst & Young--well known for their accounting
|
|||
|
services among other things--apparently use Red Hat Linux
|
|||
|
in-house and asked IBM, with whom they contract for computer services,
|
|||
|
to support their Linux machines. (If you're from Ernst & Young,
|
|||
|
please send me some mail. We'd like to hear about how you're
|
|||
|
using Linux.)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Adam Richter predicted a new version of Yggdrasil's Plug-and-Play
|
|||
|
Linux in the first quarter of 1997. At OSW they had pressings of their
|
|||
|
new 8-CD Internet Archives set, which includes several distributions,
|
|||
|
including a couple I hadn't heard of before.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I would've felt cutoff from the world (yes, even in D.C. on
|
|||
|
election night) if it hadn't been for David Lescher, who set me up
|
|||
|
with some dial-in PPP access for my laptop, and David Niemi, who made
|
|||
|
some necessary tweaks to my chat script. I'm also grateful to Mark
|
|||
|
Komarinski, who put together a Linux talk on very short notice when I
|
|||
|
found I was dangerously close to having no time whatsoever to prepare
|
|||
|
one myself.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The Santa Cruz Operation was there giving away copies of their Free
|
|||
|
SCO OpenServer. Someone who'd just acquired one of those gems asked me
|
|||
|
why she'd be interested in Linux if she had OpenServer; I noted its
|
|||
|
limitations and handed her a copy of Linux Journal, hoping to plant a
|
|||
|
seed. Some attendees were being less subtle, affixing prominently to
|
|||
|
their big blue IBM literature boxes the Linux bumper stickers we were
|
|||
|
giving away.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--Gary Moore, Editor of Linux Journal
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Copyright © 1996, Gary Moore
|
|||
|
Published in Issue 12 of the Linux Gazette
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ]
|
|||
|
[ FRONT PAGE ]
|
|||
|
Back
|
|||
|
Next
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
"Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun! "
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
SETTING UP THE APACHE WEB SERVER UNDER LINUX
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
by Andy Kahn, kahn@cs.ucla.edu
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
______________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This article is basically a summary of my experiences of setting up a web
|
|||
|
server under Linux. I will start with where/how to obtain Apache, then move
|
|||
|
on to installation, configuration, and finally how to get things running.
|
|||
|
This article is written from the point of view of my system, which is a Red
|
|||
|
Hat 4.0 system with v2.0.25 of the kernel. However, a "generic"
|
|||
|
installation or a similar setup should apply as well.
|
|||
|
* Where To Get Apache
|
|||
|
* Installation
|
|||
|
* Configuration
|
|||
|
* Starting/Running the Web Server
|
|||
|
* What's Next
|
|||
|
* About the Author
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
______________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
WHERE TO GET APACHE
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The obvious place to get the latest version of Apache is off of the
|
|||
|
Apache web site: http://www.apache.org.
|
|||
|
The source distribution file is apache_1.1.1.tar.gz
|
|||
|
while the Linux ELF binaries is apache_1.1-linux-ELF.tar.gz.
|
|||
|
Grab what you find is necessary...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you are running Red Hat Linux 4.0 like I am, during the installation
|
|||
|
process you are allowed to select whether or not you want to install a
|
|||
|
web server. If you do, Red Hat 4.0 includes the latest Apache and installs
|
|||
|
everything automatically with a default configuration. This default configurati
|
|||
|
on
|
|||
|
even RUNS correctly without any modifications! However, even in
|
|||
|
this case, please read my notes and preferences regarding installation
|
|||
|
in the next section.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Typically, unless you need to add special modules or features, the binary
|
|||
|
distribution or the default Red Hat installation should be fine. However,
|
|||
|
let's say you wanted to run Apache as a proxy server. In this case, you
|
|||
|
would need the source so you can compile the proxy module as part of the
|
|||
|
binary.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(Note: I have heard rumors that the binary included with Red Hat 4.0
|
|||
|
has some bugs. I have yet to encounter any myself, so take that rumor with
|
|||
|
a big grain of salt.)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
INSTALLATION
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I'm not going to cover compiling Apache since it's actually a fairly
|
|||
|
painless process and pretty well documented. Given that, let's move on
|
|||
|
to actual installation...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Personally, I like to group all the web server files together in a centralized
|
|||
|
location. If you are installing this manually, then this is something you
|
|||
|
can do from the outset, and I highly suggest doing this since it will reduce
|
|||
|
administration headaches.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you had Apache installed automatically as part of the Red Hat installation
|
|||
|
procedure, then things will NOT be centralized! In fact, I thought the
|
|||
|
file placement scheme was one of the most confusing I've ever encountered.
|
|||
|
Here's what the Red Hat installation does:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
web server binaries
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/usr/sbin/httpd
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/usr/sbin/httpd_monitor
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
config files
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/etc/httpd/conf/*
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
log files
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/etc/httpd/logs/*
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
web server root
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(contains cgi, icons/images, and html files)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/home/httpd/*
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I found this to be really disorganized, so I ended up putting mostly
|
|||
|
everything under one directory (I left the binaries in /usr/sbin):
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
mkdir /httpd
|
|||
|
mv /etc/httpd/conf /etc/httpd/logs /home/httpd/* /httpd
|
|||
|
rmdir /home/httpd
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You should end up with:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/httpd/
|
|||
|
/cgi-bin
|
|||
|
/cgi-src
|
|||
|
/conf
|
|||
|
/html
|
|||
|
/icons
|
|||
|
/logs
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
And then to preserve the original Redhat file locations:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ln -s /httpd /home/httpd
|
|||
|
ln -s /httpd/conf /etc/httpd/conf
|
|||
|
ln -s /httpd/logs /etc/httpd/logs
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Finally, I added this link since I felt that it made more sense:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ln -s /httpd/logs /var/log/httpd
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you are installing and compiling Apache manually, you may want to
|
|||
|
have the original source files also located under /httpd (or whichever
|
|||
|
directory you have).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
CONFIGURATION
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Apache has three main configuration files: access.conf,
|
|||
|
httpd.conf, and srm.conf. If you are running
|
|||
|
Red Hat 4.0, these files will already be set with the correct directory
|
|||
|
paths. If you centralized the locations of all these files, but made those
|
|||
|
symbolic links as I mentioned above, things will still be fine since the
|
|||
|
symbolic links preserves where Red Hat installed everything.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you are doing a "generic" installation or have some other
|
|||
|
setup, then you will need to do the following:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In access.conf, change/update these directory entries:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<Directory /httpd/html>
|
|||
|
<Directory /httpd/cgi-bin>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In httpd.conf:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ServerRoot /httpd
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In srm.conf:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
DocumentRoot /httpd/html
|
|||
|
Alias /icons/ /httpd/icons/
|
|||
|
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /httpd/cgi-bin/
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Essentially, these are the necessary directives in the config files that
|
|||
|
need to be updated with the new "centralized" organization.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For further configuration options, I will have to give the standard
|
|||
|
statement, "Please refer to the docs." :)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
STARTING/RUNNING THE WEB SERVER
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To make a long story short, you simply to need to execute the binary
|
|||
|
"httpd". Typically, this is done when the system starts up, in
|
|||
|
one of the rc files.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In Red Hat 4.0, it has more of a System V'ish startup style. In
|
|||
|
/etc/rc.d/init.d
|
|||
|
resides httpd.init, which is the script used
|
|||
|
to start and stop httpd.
|
|||
|
You can also execute this by hand if you find the need.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For other systems (or a manual install), I suggest starting httpd after
|
|||
|
most other services have started (i.e.: put it in rc.local).
|
|||
|
A simple line such as
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
/usr/sbin/httpd &
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
will suffice.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Obviously, it must start after tcp/ip networking has been started. :)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
WHAT'S NEXT
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Needless to say, I didn't cover actual configuration options
|
|||
|
and how to manage your web server. The configuration options
|
|||
|
I leave to the Apache manual. Managing the web server itself
|
|||
|
depends on what kind of web site you want to run. My own system
|
|||
|
does not run a "real" web site; in other words, I don't advertise
|
|||
|
it for anything because it serves no real purpose other than for
|
|||
|
my own experimentation. However, you are more than welcome to
|
|||
|
take a look at it since it does have a bunch of Linux related
|
|||
|
links to it. The URL can be found at the end of this article.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Other than that, I would love to hear any comments and/or
|
|||
|
criticisms you may have about what I wrote. Originally, my
|
|||
|
plan was to write a monthly article about running/managing a
|
|||
|
web server under Linux. However, short of actually writing a
|
|||
|
manual on configuring Apache (which the Apache documentation
|
|||
|
is good enough as a reference), I don't know what else to
|
|||
|
write about since there may not be all that much to write
|
|||
|
about.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
However, one idea for a monthly thing that might be good is
|
|||
|
to collect hints, tricks, and other useful information related
|
|||
|
to running a web server under Linux. Think of it more as a
|
|||
|
"2 cent tips for a linux web server." If anyone is interested
|
|||
|
in this, please drop me a note!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Email: kahn@cs.ucla.edu
|
|||
|
* Home page: http://www.cs.ucla.edu/~kahn
|
|||
|
* His machine: http://vivian.cs.ucla.edu
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Copyright © 1996, Andy Kahn
|
|||
|
Published in Issue 12 of the Linux Gazette
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ]
|
|||
|
[ FRONT PAGE ]
|
|||
|
Back
|
|||
|
Next
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
"Linux Gazette...making Linux just a little more fun! "
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[IMAGE]
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
WELCOME TO THE LINUX WEEKEND MECHANIC!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Published in the December 1996 Edition of the Linux Gazette
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Copyright (c) 1996 John M. Fisk <fiskjm@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The Linux Gazette is Copyright(c) 1996
|
|||
|
Specialized Systems Consultants Inc.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
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|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Time To Become... The Linux Weekend Mechanic!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[IMAGE]
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You've made it to the weekend and things have finally slowed down. You
|
|||
|
crawl outa bed, bag the shave 'n shower 'cause it's Saturday, grab that
|
|||
|
much needed cup of caffeine (your favorite alkaloid), and shuffle down
|
|||
|
the hall to the den. It's time to fire up the Linux box, break out the
|
|||
|
trusty 'ol Snap-On's, pop the hood, jack 'er up, and do a bit of
|
|||
|
overhauling!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Table of Contents
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Welcome to the December Weekend Mechanic!
|
|||
|
* The Mailbox
|
|||
|
* A Tcl/Tk Tar Viewer
|
|||
|
* (Tcl/Tk Tar Viewer Source)
|
|||
|
* Closing Up Shop...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[IMAGE] Welcome to the December Weekend Mechanic!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Well, I'm afraid that the 'ol Weekend Mechanic is going to be a short one this
|
|||
|
month. I've got six classes this fall and have finally reached the point in
|
|||
|
the semester where I guess they think we're smart enough to start actually
|
|||
|
doing things! And so, we're all doing things... LOTS of things, as a
|
|||
|
matter of fact. That hallowed barometer of academic industriousness,
|
|||
|
Euclid's Little Known "Shave-To-Face" Ratio, is falling
|
|||
|
predictably and the No-Doze blood titers are reaching therapeutic levels.
|
|||
|
As they say in Tennessee, we're all starting to look like a bunch of rugs...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
"...walked all over, drug outside, and beat with a stick!"
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Anyway, we're all surviving. All of you out there in Academia Land
|
|||
|
know what I'm talking about; all of you who've run the gauntlet already and
|
|||
|
have achieved "A Real Life" will smile knowingly. (And will smile
|
|||
|
to yourselves, knowing that there is no such thing as "A Real Life")
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I've been eating a generous portion of Humble Pie here recently after
|
|||
|
last month's Tar Tricks and Find faux pas. I sincerely apologize for
|
|||
|
any mis-information and want to gratefully thank all of you who took the time
|
|||
|
to drop a note and provide more accurate information. I've gotten permission
|
|||
|
from a number of writers to include their letters which can be read below.
|
|||
|
They add a good deal more light to the subject!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Thanks guys!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Also, I did manage to eke out a bit of "recreational programming"
|
|||
|
time and hacked together a prototype tar archive viewer. This is still
|
|||
|
pretty alpha stuff, but it appears to be relatively stable and I've actually
|
|||
|
been using it. Any of you who are interested in Tcl/Tk might enjoy
|
|||
|
hacking away at this. I'll continue to tinker around with this and, by
|
|||
|
January or so, just might have a reasonably working version for all of you to
|
|||
|
play around with. If you're interested, have a look at it below.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Anyway, hope you enjoy!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
John
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Saturday, 23 November 1996
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[IMAGE] The Mailbox
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
As I mentioned above, I've been eating a good deal of Humble Pie in the past
|
|||
|
couple weeks after last month's articles on using tar and find. Actually,
|
|||
|
everyone who wrote was very gracious AND took the time to provide more
|
|||
|
accurate information. I was impressed by the spirit in which this was done:
|
|||
|
no one was vindictive, no one was demeaning (although there were a few
|
|||
|
"raised eyebrow" type letters :-).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Anyway, I owe a great debt to all of you who took the time to write. I REALLY
|
|||
|
appreciate it. And to the school teacher from Des Moines, I'm almost
|
|||
|
done...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I will always RTFM
|
|||
|
I will always RTFM
|
|||
|
I will always RTFM
|
|||
|
I will always RTFM
|
|||
|
I will always RTFM
|
|||
|
I will always RTFM...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Thanks folks. Here's the letters...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Fri, 01 Nov 1996 15:32:09 +1100
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
From: Paul Russell <prussell@sydney.trl.telstra.com.au>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To: fiskjm@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Subject: Linux Weekend Mechanic: November Edition of the Linux Gazette (#11)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Hi John,
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Just reading Linux gazette for the first time, and stumbled
|
|||
|
upon your Weekend Mechanic page. I'm sure you're going to get more
|
|||
|
mail about this, but I read with some astonishment your "More tar
|
|||
|
tricks" section.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
My Linux box is currently about 1000kms away, but I believe that
|
|||
|
the "tar -tvzf file.tar.gz |tr -s ' ' |cut -d ' ' -f8 |less" can be
|
|||
|
replaced with "tar tzf file.tar.gz |less".
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I liked it though. If you want a useful pipes example, how about a
|
|||
|
"Oops! I untarred in the wrong place and I want to clean up!"
|
|||
|
example:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
tar tzf file.tar.gz | xargs rm -f 2>/dev/null
|
|||
|
tar tzf file.tar.gz | sed 's:[^/]*$::' | sort -ru | xargs rmdir 2>/dev/null
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Analysis and improvement is left as an exercise for the reader. 8-)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Enjoy,
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Paul.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Paul.Russell@RustCorp.com.au "Engineer? So you drive trains?"
|
|||
|
Lies, damned lies, and out-of-date documentation.
|
|||
|
Currently contracted to Telstra, Sydney.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Tue, 05 Nov 1996 11:19:09 -0500
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
From: "James V. Di Toro III" <karrde@gats.hampton.va.us>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To: fiskjm@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Subject: LG #11 Weekend Mech.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Just a few nits on a couple of the things in this piece.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
tar ...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Well it sure showed off some neat features of some utilities, but what
|
|||
|
you did with that first line can be solved by omitting one character from
|
|||
|
the tar options.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
tar -tzf | less == tar -tvzf |tr -s ' ' |cut -d ' ' -f8 |less
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
which vs. type ...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
which will also give you similar results on aliases and built-ins:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
which ls
|
|||
|
ls: aliased to /bin/ls $LS_OPTIONS
|
|||
|
which complete
|
|||
|
complete: shell built-in command.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This is with tcsh 6.05, YMMV.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--
|
|||
|
================================================================ /| |\
|
|||
|
James V. Di Toro III | "I've got a bad feeling / |_| \/\
|
|||
|
System Administrator, GATS, Inc.| about This" |()\ / ||
|
|||
|
karrde@gats.hampton.va.us | |---0---_|
|
|||
|
W: (757) 865 - 7491 | -various \ / \ /
|
|||
|
^:::^
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(Just a quick note about this: James is right, 'which' works as he wrote
|
|||
|
above if you're using tcsh [because it is a shell built-in??]. Those of you
|
|||
|
running BASH and using the 'which' executable will find that the executable
|
|||
|
does not return information on aliases, shell functions, and shell built-in's.
|
|||
|
I wrote James back after trying this and he concurred.)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Wed, 06 Nov 1996 11:14:51 +1100
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
From: Keith Owens <kaos@edison.dialix.com.au>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To: fiskjm@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Subject: More on locate and update
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Saw your note on locate/find in LJ #11. According to my manual page,
|
|||
|
"locate lynx" is equivalent to "locate '*lynx*'", locate does automatic
|
|||
|
insertion of leading and trailing '*' if the pattern contains no
|
|||
|
metacharacters. "locate 'lynx*'" will only find files that start with
|
|||
|
lynx (i.e. no leading directory or /).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I find the locate command and its associated updatedb command to be very
|
|||
|
useful for indexing ftp lists and cdroms. Most sites and cdroms have a
|
|||
|
list of the files in one form or another but they are not easily
|
|||
|
searched. Some are in find format (directory included in file name),
|
|||
|
others in ls -lR (directory is separate). I created updatedb.gen (from
|
|||
|
updatedb) to read a file list and build a locate style database,
|
|||
|
locate.gen then searches that database.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For example, go to sunsite, /pub/Linux, download 00-find.Linux.gz, then
|
|||
|
run
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
updatedb.gen sunsite 00-find.Linux.gz
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
which builds /var/spool/locate/locatedb.sunsite. "locate.gen sunsite
|
|||
|
file" does an instant search of sunsite for the file, obviously you have
|
|||
|
to fetch a fresh copy of the listing occasionally.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Instead of searching several InfoMagic cdroms for a file, mount the
|
|||
|
first one and
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
updatedb.gen im /cdrom/00-find
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
"locate.gen im file" then does a very fast search of the entire set of
|
|||
|
InfoMagic cdroms and can be done without mounting any cdroms.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
updatedb.gen and locate.gen are attached. updatedb.gen works out which
|
|||
|
format the input file is in and selects the field(s) containing the
|
|||
|
filename.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--
|
|||
|
*** O . C. Software -- Consulting Services for Storage Management, ***
|
|||
|
*** Disaster Recovery, Security, TCP/IP, Intranets and Internet ***
|
|||
|
*** for mainframes (IBM, Fujitsu, Hitachi) and Unix. ***
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
(The idea of using 'locate' on a CD collection sounds like a GREAT idea. I've
|
|||
|
not yet had the time to try it, but plan to give this little gem a whirl!)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Fri, 08 Nov 1996 09:21:52 -0600 (CST)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
From: John Benavides <benavide@mailhost.rsn.hp.com>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To: fiskjm@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Subject: How to use "-name" option on find command
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In your column, Weekend Mechanic, in the "Linux Gazette" (Oct
|
|||
|
1996 issue) on your Web page at:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
http://www.ssc.com/lg/issue11/wkndmech.html
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You say:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
> The way that it should work is that you give locate a filename pattern
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
> which it searches for. Such as:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
> locate lynx*
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
> However, when I tried this on my system, it simply returned nothing.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
> Using locate lynx worked like a charm.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
> Got me.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Whenever you use any command with arguments that need to contain wild
|
|||
|
card characters, don't forget to quote those wild card characters from the
|
|||
|
shell. I teach this to my students in my introductory UNIX class.
|
|||
|
Remember the shell gets first crack at the wild card. So the
|
|||
|
shell will try to match "lynx*" with any file names in your local
|
|||
|
directory.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Use the echo command to see what the shell expands your command line to for the
|
|||
|
buggy command:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
echo locate lynx*
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This will give you an idea of what the "locate" command is really
|
|||
|
searching for.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Any one of the three commands below will prevent the shell
|
|||
|
from processing your wild card pattern.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
locate "lynx*"
|
|||
|
locate 'lynx*'
|
|||
|
locate lynx\*
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The same is true for your other example with find:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
find / -name "lynx*" -print
|
|||
|
find / -name 'lynx*' -print
|
|||
|
find / -name lynx\* -print
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Regards,
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
John
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--
|
|||
|
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
|
|||
|
+ John Benavides | Hewlett Packard - CxD +
|
|||
|
+ 3000 Waterview Parkway | e-mail:benavide@rsn.hp.com +
|
|||
|
+ Richardson, TX 75080 | (972) 497-4771 Fax: (972) 497-4245 +
|
|||
|
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Fri, 08 Nov 1996 16:34:23 +0100
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
From: Robert Budzynski <Robert.Budzynski@fuw.edu.pl>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To: fiskjm@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Subject: why locate didn't work as expected...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Hi John,
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Why didn't 'locate lynx*' work for you ? Well, here's what happens when
|
|||
|
you issue that command: first, bash (or any standard shell) attempts to
|
|||
|
match the pattern 'lynx*' against names of files present in the
|
|||
|
_current_ directory. If it finds any that match, they are _all_
|
|||
|
substituted into the command line and passed on as arguments to locate.
|
|||
|
This sure isn't what you want... If (as was apparently the case) none
|
|||
|
are found, the pattern is left unexpanded... so why didn't it work?
|
|||
|
Well, to quote the man page:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If a pattern is a plain string -- it contains no metachar- acters --
|
|||
|
locate displays all file names in the database that contain that
|
|||
|
string anywhere. If a pattern does con- tain metacharacters, locate
|
|||
|
only displays file names that match the pattern exactly. As a
|
|||
|
result, patterns that contain metacharacters should usually begin
|
|||
|
with a `*', and will most often end with one as well. The exceptions
|
|||
|
are patterns that are intended to explicitly match the beginning or
|
|||
|
end of a file name.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
So, there's your answer! 'Match the pattern exactly' means here that
|
|||
|
the fully qualified pathname (starting with a /) must match.
|
|||
|
The other lesson here may be summarized with another quote from
|
|||
|
the locate(1) man page:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Patterns that contain metacharacters should be quoted to protect
|
|||
|
them from expansion by the shell.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This applies as well to patterns passed to 'find', i.e.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
$ find /usr/local -name 'lynx*' -print
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
is the 'politically correct' command line to use.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Merry Linuxing!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--
|
|||
|
######################################################################
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Robert J. Budzynski
|
|||
|
Institute of Theoretical Physics
|
|||
|
Warsaw University
|
|||
|
Warsaw, Poland
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
######################################################################
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Date: Sat, 09 Nov 1996 02:11:00 +0000
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
From: Phil Bevan <philb@innotts.co.uk>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To: fiskjm@ctrvax.Vanderbilt.Edu
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Subject: LG issue 11 - find
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Hello John,
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Glad to see you've not abandoned the Gazette totally. One thing though
|
|||
|
on your article about 'find'. I've noticed in the past when using the
|
|||
|
find command, it has not found all the files when using wild card
|
|||
|
characters such as '*' (as in your example find /usr/local -name lynx*
|
|||
|
-print). I discovered from one of the linux newsgroups, that the shell
|
|||
|
tries to expand lynx* first, and it is possible that find will not
|
|||
|
search all the directories. To stop bash from expanding the filename
|
|||
|
enclose it in single quotes, as below:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
find /usr/local -name 'lynx*' -print
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Bet you I'm not the first to point his out :)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Regards
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Phil
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
--
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This Sig intentionally left blank
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Again, thanks to EVERYONE that took the time to write! I know that y'all are
|
|||
|
busy and I appreciate corrections, clarifications, and suggestions.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
John
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[IMAGE] A Tcl/Tk Tar Viewer
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I'm going to apologize at the outset -- it's Saturday and I've still got a
|
|||
|
small mountain of work to do for the upcoming week and so I just don't have
|
|||
|
the time to write an awful lot about this. I'll try to summarize the
|
|||
|
highlights of what I was attempting to do and what actually worked.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To recap from last month, I'd been trying to find a way to get a simple
|
|||
|
listing of all the files in a tar archive. As was pointed out, this can be
|
|||
|
done using:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
tar -tf file.tar
|
|||
|
tar -tzf file.tar.gz
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
depending on whether the file is a tar or tar+gzip file. (I'm assuming that
|
|||
|
you're using GNU tar, BTW, not all implementations of tar support the '-z'
|
|||
|
option which uses 'gzip' to either compress or uncompress an archive.)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The purpose for doing this was to allow you to get a tar listing and then use
|
|||
|
this as an argument to tar to print that file to standard output. For
|
|||
|
example, if your tar archive looked like:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
xtoolwait-1.0/
|
|||
|
xtoolwait-1.0/xtoolwait.c
|
|||
|
xtoolwait-1.0/Imakefile
|
|||
|
xtoolwait-1.0/COPYING-2.0
|
|||
|
xtoolwait-1.0/xtoolplaces.diff
|
|||
|
xtoolwait-1.0/CHANGES
|
|||
|
xtoolwait-1.0/README
|
|||
|
xtoolwait-1.0/xtoolwait.man
|
|||
|
xtoolwait-1.0/xtoolwait-1.0.lsm
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
then using a command like:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
tar -tzOf xtoolwait-1.0.tar.gz xtoolwait-1.0/README |less
|
|||
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
would allow you to view the file 'README' by piping it to 'less'. That was
|
|||
|
the reason for needing to get a listing of just the filenames in the archive
|
|||
|
-- to be able to invoke tar with the '-O' option so that it would output the
|
|||
|
results to standard output.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Now, the thing is that tcl/tk will allow you to capture the output of a file
|
|||
|
using 'open'. Coupled with 'fileevent', this allows you to direct the output
|
|||
|
of a command to a text widget for viewing and editing. So this was the
|
|||
|
direction I was going.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I've actually got this working now. It's definitely NOT a showpiece of tcl/tk
|
|||
|
coding: this 'ol thing wouldn't win any programming contests. Still, as a
|
|||
|
quick prototype (I hacked it out in two days...), it gave me some ideas about
|
|||
|
how to put together something a bit more sturdy. Basically, as it stand right
|
|||
|
now, its features include:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* a directory browser that allows you to select files and navigate
|
|||
|
around your file system easily
|
|||
|
* a tar archive viewer which lists the files contained within the
|
|||
|
archive
|
|||
|
* a File Viewer which can be invoked by double-clicking on a file;
|
|||
|
it allows you to edit, save, and print the file
|
|||
|
* a Save As dialog box which allows you to save (or append) a file
|
|||
|
in the tar archive to disk
|
|||
|
* a small Print Dialog which prompts you to input a file print
|
|||
|
command (defaults to 'lpr') and print the file
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
As I said, it is actually working right now and I've used it several times
|
|||
|
over the past couple weeks.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Parenthetically, I've been using Tcl 7.5 and Tk 4.1 for development. I
|
|||
|
don't know if any of you have tried compiling this from sources. Using the
|
|||
|
supplied makefile, I was unable to get the shared libraries to compile. It's
|
|||
|
been a while since I did this but, if memory serves me correctly, it fails on
|
|||
|
some system test and thus refuses to compile the shared libs. I did find,
|
|||
|
however, that by adding '-fPIC' to the CFLAGS, copying the *.o files to a
|
|||
|
separate directory, and then using something like:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
gcc -shared -Wl,-soname,libtcl.so.0.7 -o libtcl.so.0.7.5 *.o
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
that I was able to compile a working shared library. I'd be interested in
|
|||
|
hearing from anyone else who's tried to compile tcl or tk from sources. I'll
|
|||
|
quickly admit that I'm still a neophyte when it come to C and UNIX/Linux
|
|||
|
programming. The above works, but if it is "Not The Right Way" then
|
|||
|
please drop a note.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
That said, let's take the penny tour...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Directory Browser
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To begin, when you start the tarvu program, it displays this directory
|
|||
|
browser. The path is displayed at the top along with the name of the file (if
|
|||
|
any) which has been selected. You navigate to a new directory by either:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* clicking on the 'Up..' button to go to the parent directory
|
|||
|
* double clicking on a directory within the listbox
|
|||
|
* entering a valid directory name in the 'Path:' entry box
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you single click on a file, then its name is displayed after the 'File:'
|
|||
|
label. Single clicking on a directory has no effect. If you click on a tar
|
|||
|
or tar+gzip file, then you can use the 'View/Edit...' button to view a listing
|
|||
|
of the contents of the file. Double clicking on the file has the same effect.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Tar Listing
|
|||
|
Browser
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
After a tar or tar+gzip file has been selected, the 'Tar Browser' allows you
|
|||
|
view the contents of the tar archive. Now, you can use the full set of
|
|||
|
operation buttons to either view/edit, save, or print a specific file within
|
|||
|
the tar archive. Single click on a file within the listing and then click on
|
|||
|
any of the operation buttons. If you double-click on a file, then it defaults
|
|||
|
to the file viewer:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Directory Browser
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The viewer allows you to view, edit, save, or print the contents of a file
|
|||
|
within the archive. The name of the file is displayed in the upper left hand
|
|||
|
corner. To either widen or lengthen the edit window, click on 'Widen Window'
|
|||
|
or 'Lengthen Window'. Now, you can manually resize the window, but doing so
|
|||
|
does not automatically resize the text widget. I've not been successful in
|
|||
|
figuring out how to do this, although I suspect that it can be done. Until
|
|||
|
then, use the buttons... :-)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you edit the file and want to save it to disk (NOT back to the archive),
|
|||
|
then click on the 'Save As...' button. This brings up a directory browser
|
|||
|
which allows you to save the contents of the editing buffer:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Directory Browser
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This allows you to save or append the contents of the editing buffer to a
|
|||
|
file. The directory browser features work in a fashion similar to what was
|
|||
|
previously described. Because this was a quick hack, I simply coded another
|
|||
|
proc to provide the save/append feature for a FILE within the archive. So, if
|
|||
|
you go back to the tar archive list, select a file, and then click on the
|
|||
|
'Save...' button, you'll see a directory browser which looks similar to the
|
|||
|
one above.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Finally, if you click on the 'Print...' button, a small dialog box is
|
|||
|
displayed:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Directory Browser
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You simply input the command to print to your printer and click on the 'Print'
|
|||
|
button.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Pretty simple, eh?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
As I mentioned before, this is no paragon of programming brilliance. This was
|
|||
|
a rather quick hack, but it does show what can be VERY EASILY done with even
|
|||
|
the basic tools of Tcl/Tk. If anyone is interested in this, you can get the
|
|||
|
tcl script here:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
TCL TAR ARCHIVE VIEWER SOURCE
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For those of you using Netscape, hold down the Shift button and single click
|
|||
|
with the left mouse button on this link to save the file to disk. Call it
|
|||
|
whatever you'd like, and then set the permissions to something like:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
% chmod 755 tclvu.tcl
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I've got mine symlinked to 'tclvu' to make it easier to remember.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In all honesty, there are LOTS of things that could be done to make this more
|
|||
|
useful or efficient. Just a couple TODO's that come to mind include:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Allow viewing of regular files in a directory
|
|||
|
* Allow unarchiving a tar archive to a selected directory
|
|||
|
* Allow archiving of selected files to an archive
|
|||
|
* Add online help
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The thing is, there are all kinds of fun things that can be done. This simple
|
|||
|
tcl/tk wrapper for tar just lets you view, edit, and print files at the
|
|||
|
moment. The tar manual page can give you further ideas about what could be
|
|||
|
done.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
For those of you needing a "real" tar utility, I'd strongly suggest
|
|||
|
using Miguel de Icaza's GREAT program Midnight Commander. You
|
|||
|
can pick up the sources at any ftp site which mirrors the GNU utilities such
|
|||
|
as:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
GA TECH'S FTP SERVER
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Also, there's a program called xtar which is found at the
|
|||
|
ftp.x.org ftp site. I've honestly not seen this mentioned anywhere and
|
|||
|
yet it's a VERY handy little program that allows you to browse and view the
|
|||
|
contents of a tar archive. You'll need the Motif development libraries to
|
|||
|
compile this, however.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Well, as I said, this was a pretty quick tour. Please feel free to hack away
|
|||
|
at this and enjoy it. I tried to comment the code, so you should have some
|
|||
|
idea about my mental state when the thing was written.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Hope you enjoy!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
John
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Saturday 23 November 1996
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[IMAGE] Closing Up Shop...
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Well, I'd hoped to include a lot more stuff in this month's WM column, but
|
|||
|
time has completely gotten away from me and it's already almost dinner time
|
|||
|
(and no homework done yet... :-). I must admit that I enjoy doing this a LOT
|
|||
|
more than Linear Algebra (...sorry Dr. Powell, it's still a GREAT course :-)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
So, what are the rest of you guys working on out there...?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I upgraded my home system over this past summer to a Cyrix P-166+ machine with
|
|||
|
a Triton II MB, 32 MB EDO RAM, Diamond Stealth Video VRAM graphics card,
|
|||
|
Toshiba 8X CDROM, and CTX 1765GME monitor. I dropped in the old Maxtor 1.6
|
|||
|
Gig drive from my previous machine and have just gotten a second Maxtor 2.0
|
|||
|
drive (so Linux can finally have its own drive!). I'll be installing this and
|
|||
|
reinstalling much of the system over Christmas Break. If this sounds like a
|
|||
|
brewing "mail brown-out", you're probably right... :-)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I've also gotten pretty enamoured with Tcl/Tk as you might have noticed. This
|
|||
|
is a seriously fun programming environment. Now, I know that this isn't for
|
|||
|
everyone and there are folks who've tried tcl that just frankly didn't like
|
|||
|
the language. Still, there are a growing number of truly impressive add on's
|
|||
|
including tclX, BLT, Tix, and [incr tcl] that add a lot of nice
|
|||
|
features. I'd especially commend to the Tix extension. It provides a
|
|||
|
set of meta-widgets such as directory browsers, tabbed windows, and the
|
|||
|
like. It precludes your having to code these types of windows and gives you
|
|||
|
a higher level widget to work with. If you're interested in this, then
|
|||
|
definitely run the demo program as it give you a IMPRESSIVE tour of the widget
|
|||
|
set.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Finally, I've just gotten a microphone for my sound card (SB Vibra 16 PnP) and
|
|||
|
have been messing around with creating sound files.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Pretty cool :-)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I'm still not completely facile with all the basics, but I've gotten a few
|
|||
|
snippets recorded, including a "Happy Birthday" rendition (my wife
|
|||
|
and me) to our sister-in-law. It'd curl 'ol Lawrence Welk's toes, I suspect,
|
|||
|
but it was fun to send this rascal out via email. You know... "reach out
|
|||
|
and touch someone..."
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Well, here's wishing you Happy Linux'ing!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Since I didn't have time this month do to a "Christmas Shopping
|
|||
|
List" of Linux goodies, I'll try to get this in next month so that after
|
|||
|
you return all those bottles of aftershave and the argyle socks, you'll know
|
|||
|
what to do with the money... :-)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
From our household to yours,
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Wishing you a Merry and Joyous Christmas Season!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
John
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Saturday 23 November 1996
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[IMAGE] If you'd like,
|
|||
|
drop me a note at:
|
|||
|
John M. Fisk <fiskjm@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu>
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Version Information:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
$Id: issue12.txt,v 1.1.1.1 2002/08/14 22:26:56 dan Exp $
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ]
|
|||
|
[ FRONT PAGE ]
|
|||
|
Back
|
|||
|
Next
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[IMAGE]
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
LINUX GAZETTE BACK PAGE
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Copyright © 1996 Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.
|
|||
|
For information regarding copying and distribution of this material see
|
|||
|
the Copying License.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
CONTENTS:
|
|||
|
* About This Month's Authors
|
|||
|
* Not Linux
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[IMAGE]
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
ABOUT THIS MONTH'S AUTHORS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Randy Appleton
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Randy Appleton is a professor of Computer Science at Northern Michigan
|
|||
|
University. Randy got his Ph.D. at the University of Kentucky. He has
|
|||
|
been involved with Linux since before version 0.9. Current research
|
|||
|
includes high performance pre-fetching file systems, with a coming port to
|
|||
|
the 2.X version of Linux. Other interests include airplanes, especially
|
|||
|
home-built ones.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Larry Ayers
|
|||
|
Larry Ayers lives on a small farm
|
|||
|
in northern Missouri, where he is currently engaged in building a
|
|||
|
timber-frame house for his family. He operates a portable band-saw mill,
|
|||
|
does general woodworking, plays the fiddle and searches for rare
|
|||
|
prairie plants, as well as growing shiitake mushrooms. He is also
|
|||
|
struggling with configuring a Usenet news server for his local ISP.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
John M. Fisk
|
|||
|
John Fisk is most noteworthy as the former editor of the
|
|||
|
Linux Gazette.
|
|||
|
After three years as a General Surgery resident and
|
|||
|
Research Fellow at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center,
|
|||
|
John decided to "hang up the stethoscope", and pursue a
|
|||
|
career in Medical Information Management. He's currently a full
|
|||
|
time student at the Middle Tennessee State University and hopes
|
|||
|
to complete a graduate degree in Computer Science before
|
|||
|
entering a Medical Informatics Fellowship. In his dwindling
|
|||
|
free time he and his wife Faith enjoy hiking and camping in
|
|||
|
Tennessee's beautiful Great Smoky Mountains. He has been an avid Linux fan,
|
|||
|
since his first Slackware 2.0.0 installation a year and a half
|
|||
|
ago.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Michael J. Hammel
|
|||
|
Michael J. Hammel,
|
|||
|
is a transient software engineer with a background in
|
|||
|
everything from data communications to GUI development to Interactive Cable
|
|||
|
systems--all based in Unix. His interests outside of computers
|
|||
|
include 5K/10K races, skiing, Thai food and gardening. He suggests if you
|
|||
|
have any serious interest in finding out more about him, you visit his home
|
|||
|
pages at http://www.csn.net/~mjhammel. You'll find out more
|
|||
|
there than you really wanted to know.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Andy Kahn
|
|||
|
Andy Kahn is currently a graduate student in Computer Science at
|
|||
|
UCLA, praying to finish his Masters degree sometime in the foreseeable
|
|||
|
near future. His primary research area is in parallel I/O. On
|
|||
|
the side, Andy also does Unix System Administration at Activision,
|
|||
|
a well-known computer games company. He also has had previous jobs,
|
|||
|
including system administration and programming by masquerading
|
|||
|
as a Software Engineer. Andy has been an on and off Linux
|
|||
|
enthusiast since his first SLS v1.02 installation over 3 years ago.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Jesper Pedersen
|
|||
|
Jesper Pedersen lives in Odense, Denmark, where he has studied computer
|
|||
|
science
|
|||
|
at Odense University since 1990. He expects to obtain his degree in a year
|
|||
|
and
|
|||
|
a half. He has a great job as a system manager at the
|
|||
|
university, and also teaches computer science two hours a week. He is very
|
|||
|
proud of his "child," The Dotfile Generator, which he wrote as part of his
|
|||
|
job at the university. The idea for it came a year and a half ago, when he
|
|||
|
had
|
|||
|
to learn how to configure Emacs by reading about 700 pages of the lisp
|
|||
|
manual.
|
|||
|
It started small, but as time went by, it expanded into a huge project.
|
|||
|
In his spare time, he does Yiu-Yitsu, listens to music, drinks beer and has
|
|||
|
fun with
|
|||
|
his girl friend. He loves pets, and has a 200 litre aquarium and two very
|
|||
|
cute
|
|||
|
rabbits.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Robert G. Savage
|
|||
|
Robert G. "Doc" Savage received his BSE(EE) at Arizona State University in
|
|||
|
1974 and is now a senior networking engineer working for a
|
|||
|
telecommunications consulting firm near St. Louis. An Internet veteran
|
|||
|
since the earliest days of the Arpanet, he has designed, engineered,
|
|||
|
installed, administered and consulted for a wide range of UNIX, Novell and
|
|||
|
Microsoft network systems. He enjoys listening to Garrison Keelor's radio
|
|||
|
broadcasts, reading Tom Clancy's books, acting in community theater,
|
|||
|
cruising in his 300ZX twin turbo, tinkering with a tower server in his
|
|||
|
living room (the hood is always up), and relaxing at the end of the day
|
|||
|
with his two Siamese cats and a pint of Guinness.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Manuel Soriano
|
|||
|
Manual Soriano lives in El Perello, Valencia, Spain. He works for a Swiss
|
|||
|
based company called Dapsys S. A. that provides the Information Retrieval
|
|||
|
Imaging System called IRIS. His job calls for quite of bit of traveling.
|
|||
|
He's
|
|||
|
been in Swizterland, France, and most recently, Prince George, Canada.
|
|||
|
His FEddi-HOWTO article is the English translation of his article
|
|||
|
FEddi-COMO that appeared in the October issue.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[IMAGE]
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
NOT LINUX
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Thanks to all our authors, not just the ones above, but also those who wrote
|
|||
|
giving us their tips and tricks and making suggestions. Thanks also to our
|
|||
|
new mirror sites.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Major "Not Linux" projects on my plate these days are the repair of a quilt
|
|||
|
and Thanksgiving.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The "Sunbonnet Sue" quilt was
|
|||
|
made for my sister Gaynell when she about 5, and is turning into more work than
|
|||
|
I expected. But when I am finished, it will be beautiful again and
|
|||
|
will make a good Christmas present for her.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Thanksgiving feels like an even
|
|||
|
bigger project than the quilt repair--I get to host this year, which means
|
|||
|
I do the major part of the cooking. I will be serving traditional Southern
|
|||
|
fare, since I was raised in Texas. I feel like I should already be cooking
|
|||
|
to be ready on time. At any rate, I am looking forward to visiting with
|
|||
|
family, and eating too much. :-) I am also looking forward to the long
|
|||
|
weekend--four days off from work feels like a vacation!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Have fun!
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Marjorie L. Richardson
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Editor, Linux Gazette gazette@ssc.com
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[ TABLE OF CONTENTS ]
|
|||
|
[ FRONT PAGE ]
|
|||
|
Back
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Linux Gazette, http://www.ssc.com/lg/
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This page written and maintained by the Editor of Linux Gazette,
|
|||
|
gazette@ssc.com
|